American Journal of Psychiatry Audio

Ms. Gal Arad (Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel) discusses a non-pharmacological intervention for the treatment of social anxiety disorder in comparison with standard care.  Afterwards, we’ll be joined once again by AJP Editor-in-Chief Dr. Ned Kalin to discuss the rest of the May issue.

Transcript

• Arad interview [00:18]
• What were your results? [02:11]
• Reduction in dwell time on threatening faces [03:36]
• Limitations [04:09]
• Immediate clinical implications [05:27]
• Further research [05:58]
• Kalin interview [06:37]
• Arad et al. [06:55]
• Grant et al. [09:07]
• Reddy et al. [10:59]
• Taipal et al. [13:28]
• Buchanan and Krane [14:39]
• Brandt et al. [15:41]

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Dr. David G. Amaral (University of California, Davis) is an author of a review paper in the April issue of AJP looking at the use of animal models and other forms of translational neuroscience in the investigation of autism spectrum disorder.  He joins us on AJP Audio to discuss it.  Afterwards, we’ll be joined once again by AJP Editor-in-Chief Dr. Ned Kalin to discuss the rest of the April issue. 

Transcript

 

• Amaral interview [00:56]
• Advantages and disadvantages of animal model research [02:14]
• What goes into determining which animals might be good candidates for research in human neurology? [04:52]
• How does basic research get translated into clinical treatments? [08:28]
• Alternatives to animal models [10:21]
• Promise of research moving forward [12:22]
• Kalin interview [15:30]
• Veenstra-VanderWeele et al. [15:46]
• Kato et al. [17:02]
• Zwicker et al. [19:17]
• Kim et al. [22:22]
• Zeng et al. [26:14]

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Dr. Gary S. Sachs (Harvard Medical School) joins us for the for the March episode of AJP Audio, discussing the results from a phase 3 study looking at the use of atypical antipsychotic cariprazine as an adjunctive treatment for major depression in conjunction with antidepressants.  Afterwards, we’ll be joined once again by AJP Editor-in-Chief Dr. Ned Kalin to discuss the rest of the March issue.

Transcript

• Sachs interview [00:47]
• Why is treating major depressive disorder in patients proven to be such a challenge for clinicians? [01:54]
• Why cariprazine in conjunction with antidepressants? [02:37]
• Atypical antipsychotics and antidepressants [03:22]
• Atypical antipsychotics and side effects [05:23]
• Limitations [07:09]
• Clinical implications for the treatment of major depressive disorder [08:29]
• What’s next for your research? [09:15]
• Kalin interview [10:09]
• Sachs et al. [10:25]
• Hasseris et al. [12:35]
• Visontay et al. [15:15]
• Dunlop et al. [17:10]
• Elbau et al. [19:56]

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This episode of AJP Audio features two articles from the February issue of AJP.  First up, we have Nathaniel G. Harnett, Ph.D. (Harvard Medical School), discussing the impact of adversity and stress on racial disparities in childhood brain development among Black and White American children.  Following that, Ziv Ben-Zion, Ph.D. (Yale University), discusses a non-exact replication study of a study published in AJP by Stevens et al. (previously featured on AJP Audio) looking at brain-based biotypes to guide treatment following trauma.  And of course, we’ll check in with AJP Editor-in-Chief Dr. Ned Kalin about the rest of the February issue and how it all fits together.

Transcript

• Harnett interview [01:05]
• How do less tangible factors like trauma, stress, and exposure to violence impact brain development? [03:07]
• What do you mean by toxic stress? [04:41]
• Why did you choose to focus on those regions of the brain? [06:01]
• Regional variability and privacy concerns [07:50]
• Limitations [09:11]
• Future research [10:59]
• Children and the limited control of their environment [12:10]
• Ben-Zion interview [13:39]
• Challenges of running a non-exact replication study [15:12]
• Limitations [18:35]
• Should researchers consider replication in study design? [21:26]
• Future research [24:24]
• Kalin interview [27:46]
• Dumornay et al. [28:08]
• Baldwin et al. [30:02]
• Cleary et al. [31:38]
• Ben-Zion et al. [34:15]
• Hien et al. [37:08]

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Dr. Stefanie Russman Block (University of Michigan, Ann Arbor) discusses a trial looking at whether connectivity patterns in the brain can be used to predict treatment response in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder.  Afterwards, AJP Editor-in-Chief Dr. Ned Kalin discusses childhood and neurodeveloment-related psychiatric disorders explored in the January issue.

• Russman Block interview [00:51]
• Exposure and response prevention versus stress management therapy [05:46]
• Investigating adolescents and adults [07:02]
• Clinical implications [08:29]
• Limitations [10:02]
• Further research [11:56]
• Kalin interview [12:57]
• Russman Block et al. [13:12]
• Webb et al. [14:57]
• Floris et al. [17:45]
• Shimelis et al. [21:27]
• Brikell et al. [26:04]

Transcript

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Dr. Rebecca Price (University of Pittsburgh) discusses a novel, computer-based intervention designed to extend the antidepressant effects of a single dose of ketamine. Afterwards, AJP Editor-in-Chief Dr. Ned Kalin discusses the rest of the December issue and what draws it together.

• Price interview [00:40]
• What does the computer-based intervention consist of? [03:55]
• Comparator arms [05:25]
• Are there immediate clinical implications? [08:04]
• Limitations [10:19]
• Further research [12:17]
• Kalin interview [14:02]
• Price et al. [14:28]
• Santos et al. [17:28]
• Grilo et al. [19:43]
• Solmi et al.v [22:51]
• Lam et al. [25:01]

Transcript

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Dr. Antonia Seligowski (McLean Hospital and Harvard Medical School) discusses how significant genetic correlations were identified between PTSD and cardiovascular disease as well as support for a causal link from PTSD to hypertension and coronary artery disease.  Afterwards, AJP Editor-in-Chief Dr. Ned Kalin discusses the rest of the November issue and what draws it together.

• Seligowski interview [00:50]
• Genome-wide association studies [02:24]
• The Mass General Brigham Biobank [03:05]
• What were the limitations of the study? [04:05]
• Are there current clinical implications? [05:04]
• How does depression fit in? [06:11]
• Are the links between PTSD and cardiovascular disease linked to associated comorbidities? [07:00]
• What’s next for your research? [07:52]
• Kalin interview [08:51]
• Seligowski et al. [09:06]
• Leone et al. [10:57]
• Hindley et al. [13:50]
• Lewis and Vassos [17:37]
• Sigström et al. [18:13]
• Brownstein et al. [20:32]
• In summary [25:03]

Transcript

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Dr. Richard Davidson (University of Wisconsin-Madison) discusses the effects of mindfulness training on the neural mechanisms of pain and what it means for the future of pain management. Afterwards, AJP Editor-in-Chief Dr. Ned Kalin discusses what draws together that paper and the rest of the October issue.

• Davidson interview [00:37]
• How do you go about investigating pain? [05:41]
• Lack of apparent difference in neural response among long-term meditators [06:45]
• What does this mean for pain management? [08:33]
• Limitations [09:46]
• Next steps for research [10:42]
• Kalin interview [11:50]
• Wieglosz et al. [12:01]
• Hasin et al. [14:25]
• Jutras-Aswad et al. [16:46]
• Lin et al. [19:08]
• Hasin et al. [20:36]
• In summary [22:34]

Transcript

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Dr. Lauren A. M. Lebois (Dissociative Disorders and Trauma Research Program, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School) discusses persistent dissociation following trauma exposure and whether it can be predictive of later psychiatric outcomes in at risk populations. Afterwards, AJP Editor-in-Chief Dr. Ned Kalin discusses the rest of the September issue and what draws it together.

• Lebois interview [00:52]
• A prototypical adult dissociation case [01:51]
• Dissociation as a rollercoaster [05:48]
• The many ways of dissociation can be activated [08:04]
• Investigation through self-reporting and imaging [08:55]
• The imaging cohort [11:16]
• Biomarkers associated with dissociation and later psychiatric outcomes [11:54]
• Clinical treatment implications [15:09]
• Cambridge Depersonalization Scale and the Multidimensional Inventory of Dissociation [16:22]
• Limitations [16:57]
• What’s next for your research? [18:01]
• Kalin interview [19:42]
• Lebois et al. [19:56]
• Gregersen et al. [22:33]
• Kendler et al. [24:58]
• Chand et al. [27:49]
• Jaffe et al. [31:45]
• In summary [34:39]

Transcript

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Dr. Mark D. Shen (University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill) discusses the trajectory of brain development in infants at risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and fragile X syndrome.  Longitudinal imaging was captured from 6 to 24 months to see how brain development differed between groups, and the development of the amygdala in infants at risk for ASD prior to onset of social deficits and clinical diagnosis.

• Shen interview [01:03]
• Why look at patients with potential ASD diagnosis in conjunction with fragile X syndrome patients? [04:20]
• Why are differences in brain structure important? [05:46]
• What’s the advantage of earlier diagnosis of ASD? [08:16]
• What’s next for your research? [09:48]
• Kalin interview [11:47]
• Shen et al. [12:09]
• Girault et al. [15:30]
• Gerlach et al. [19:13]
• Mosholder et al. [22:12]
• Summary [25:31]

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Transcript

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Watch Deputy Editor Daniel S. Pine, M.D., present highlights from the August 2022 issue of AJP.

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Dr. Richard S.E. Keefe (Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina) discusses an article looking at an intervention for major depressive disorder that takes the form of a videogame. Afterwards, AJP Editor-in-Chief Dr. Ned Kalin discusses the July issue’s theme.

• Keefe interview: [01:00]
• What were your results? [03:13]
• What do videogames offer as a depression intervention? [03:43]
• Differences between the intervention and the control intervention [05:05]
• What was the impact of the interventions? [06:51]
• What were the limitations of the design and what might change going forward? [08:10]
• Does the patient’s perception of the effectiveness of the intervention matter? [09:20]
• How the intervention differs from a similar intervention aimed at children [10:19]
• Is there an advantage to “hiding” the intervention as a videogame? [11:33]
• Designing a game and an intervention that work simultaneously [13:27]
• What next for your research? [15:05]
• Kalin interview [16:11]
• Keefe et al. [16:22]
• Tabuteau et al. [18:15]
• Ge et al. [20:54]
• Pan et al. [22:01]
• Tamm et al. [23:47]
• Pizzagalli [25:30]
• Grogans et al. [26:02]

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AJP Editor-in-Chief Dr. Ned Kalin discusses the June issue with guest editor Dr. Crystal Barksdale (National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities). The issue focuses on mental health disparities, the pervasive negative consequences of structural racism, and the importance of community-wide and systemic interventions.

• Barksdale interview [00:30]
• How do mental health disparities differ for minoritized groups? [04:10]
• Structural and institutional racism as a factor in mental health disparities [05:53]
• Why have structural factors been largely ignored? [08:37]
• Alvidrez and Barksdale [11:03]
• Alegria et al. [13:11]
• Keeping review committees and reviewers up to date [15:11]
• Hankerson et al. [16:53]
• Developing research strategies based on the needs of the community [18:09]
• Alvarez et al. [20:22]
• What can the journal do to push these issues forward? [22:19]

 

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Dr. Kenneth Kendler (Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics at Virginia Commonwealth University, Roanoke, VA) discusses the history and emergence of psychiatry as a discipline, and how the conception of mind, body, and soul evolved. Afterwards, Journal Editor-in-Chief Dr. Ned Kalin discusses the May issue of AJP, and the past, present, and future of psychiatry.

• Kendler interview [00:45]
• Why is it important to look at the history of psychiatry? [10:28]
• The emergence of mental asylums [12:58]
• The mixed legacy of asylums [16:24]
• What’s next? [18:07]
• Kalin interview [21:14]
• Brennand [23:07]
• Erwin and Weinberger, Cruceanu et al. [24:29]
• Pretzsch et al. [26:04]
• Roberts et al. [27:17]
• Meier et al. [28:52]
• Pedersen et al. [32:02]
• In conclusion [33:55]

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Dr. Brian Kelly (Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana) discusses a study that found recent efforts to curb opioid prescriptions appear to have had an effect on reducing prescription opioid misuse and dependence, with no evidence that shifts in local-level opioid dispensing affected odds of heroin use, frequency of heroin use, or heroin dependence. Afterwards, Journal Editor-in-Chief Dr. Ned Kalin discusses what pulls the March issue of AJP together.

• Kelly interview [00:30]
• Why county level data? [01:22]
• What accounts for the variation between counties? [02:28]
• Decreased prescription rates did not lead to increased heroin usage [04:07]
• How do we ensure the needs of those who need pain management? [04:55]
• What should happen with opioid dispensing practices? [06:10]
• National Survey on Drug Use and Health [07:30]
• Next steps [08:35]
• Kalin interview [09:34]
• Vuolo and Kelly [09:58]
• Watts et al. [11:25]
• O’Keeffe et al. [14:25]
• Sohal [17:35]
• Chung et al. [18:35]
• Summary [23:05]

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Dr. Giovanna Punzi and Dr. Daniel Weinberger (Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, Maryland) discuss findings from their new paper, “Genetics and Brain Transcriptomics of Completed Suicide,” which looks at differences in the brains of those who die by violent versus less violent means of suicide.  Afterwards, Journal Editor-in-Chief Dr. Ned Kalin discusses what pulls the March issue of AJP together.

• Punzi and Weinberger interview [00:43]
• What made the two categories distinct? [02:28]
• Aggression as a factor [03:43]
• Differences in genetic factors [04:58]
• Potential heterogeneity of suicide [06:28]
• Counterintuitive conclusions [07:42]
• Clinical implications for those at risk for suicide [11:00]
• Next steps for research [11:43]
• Kalin interview [12:56]
• McMahon [13:58]
• Jacquemont et al. [14:22]
• Mancini et al. [15:53]
• Mahjani et al. [18:40]
• Leckman [21:22]
• Punzi et al. [21:48]
• Ecker et al. [25:38]
• Summary [28:45]

 

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Dr. Margaret Sibley (University of Washington, Seattle, WA) joins the podcast this month to discuss an article from the February issue of the Journal looking at patterns of remission in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children.  Dr. Ned Kalin, Editor-in-Chief of AJP will join us afterwards to discuss the rest of the February issue of the Journal.

• Sibley interview [00:51]
• What does “full remission” from ADHD mean? [01:54]
• Variable patterns of remission in children with ADHD [02:33]
• The DSM definition of ADHD and the impact of ADHD symptoms [04:10]
• Advantages and disadvantages of using longitudinal data [06:50]
• What does the pattern of intermittent remission mean for treatment of ADHD? [09:39]
• What does this suggest for further research into ADHD diagnosis and treatment? [11:08]
• How does this affect treatment going forward? [12:48]
• Kalin interview [15:25]
• Flavin et al. [16:04]
• Sibley et al. [16:45]
• Markowitz et al. [18:20]
• Tadmon and Olfson [19:07]
• Manfredi et al. [20:30]
• Morgan et al. [22:39]
• Cole et al. [24:57]
• In conclusion [29:03]

 

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In this month’s AJP Audio, Dr Margert Haney (Director of the Cannabis Research Laboratory at Columbia Psychiatry) discusses her new review from the January issue of the American Journal of Psychiatry, “Cannabis Use and the Endocannabinoid System: A Clinical Perspective,” and the questions around the legal status of cannabis research.  Afterward, Dr. Ned Kalin, Editor-in-Chief of the Journal discusses the January 2022 issue of AJP.

• Haney interview: How does cannabis interact with our brains? [00:30]
• CBD and how it’s different [01:26]
• Impact of state legalization of cannabis on research [02:08]
• Federal attitudes towards cannabis legalization [03:43]
• A single source of cannabis for research [04:57]
• Limitations on research and an expanding, unexamined market [06:11]
• Marketing of other cannabinoids [06:38]
• Consequences of cannabis legalization [08:06]
• Cannabis use disorder [08:36]
• What happens with daily cannabis use – and abrupt cessation? [09:27]
• What happens to your endocannabinoid system with daily use? [10:36]
• A proliferating market and constrained research [11:56]
• Patients foregoing FDA-approved medication in favor of cannabis products [12:14]
• There’s a reason we have randomized controlled clinical trials with placebo [12:37]
• Changes in cannabis use and abuse [13:31]
• Public perception of cannabis use disorder [14:26]
• What’s next for cannabis research? [15:20]
• Loosening of cannabis sources [16:03]
• No US source for CBD to study [16:36]
• Future changes in the status quo? [17:24]
• Importance of the endogenous cannabinoid system [18:41]
• Potential consequences during vulnerable times in brain development: in utero and adolescence [19:08]
• Marketing cannabis to pregnant women [19:45]
• Kalin interview [20:30]
• Alcohol and cannabis use disorders [20:39]
• Haney [21:43]
• Browne et al. [22:34]
• Livne et al. [23:31]
• Mellentin et al. [25:38]
• Mallard et al. [27:39]
• In sum [28:30]

 

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In this month’s AJP Audio, Dr. Samuel Wilkinson (Yale University, Associate Director of the Yale Depression Research Program) discusses a study looking at the association of electro-convulsive therapy or ECT on all-cause mortality and suicide in Medicare patients with mood and bipolar disorders.  Following that, Dr. Ned Kalin, Editor-in-Chief of the Journal discusses the December issue of AJP.

• Wilkinson interview: Effects of ECT on older patients with mood disorders [00:50]
• A brief history of ECT [01:20]
• A troubled history [02:00]
• A backlash against ECT [02:24]
• Improved techniques and practices [03:32]
• Limitations of past research into ECT [04:20]
• Strength of the study [05:33]
• How patients were matched [05:59]
• Limitations of the present study [07:17]
• Treatment of patients going forward [08:18]
• Difficulties in administering and accessing ECT [09:49]
• Next steps in research into ECT and patients with elevated suicide risk [11:14]
• All-cause mortality and ECT [11:57]
• Kalin interview: The December issue of AJP [13:02]
• Major depressive and bipolar disorders [13:13]
• “Neuromodulation Strategies for the Treatment of Depression” [13:42]
• “Association of ECT With Risks of All-Cause Mortality and Suicide in Older Medicare Patients” [14:19]
• “Efficacy and Safety of Lumateperone for Major Depressive Episodes Associated with Bipolar I or Bipolar II Disorder: A Phase 3 Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial” [15:29]
• Ostacher editorial [17:44]
• “Association Between Systemic Inflammation and Individual Symptoms of Depression: A Pooled Analysis of 15 Population-Based Cohort Studies” [18:18]
• Pariante editorial [20:42]
• “Coordinate-Based Network Mapping of Brain Structure in Major Depressive Disorder in Younger and Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis” [21:23]
• Putting the issue into context [23:00]

 

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Dr. Jennifer Stevens (Assistant Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University) discusses a technique to classify trauma victims into discrete biotypes in the immediate aftermath of trauma, with the hope of providing insight into the groups that could guide treatment, and American Journal of Psychiatry Editor-in-Chief Dr. Ned Kalin puts the November, 2021 issue of AJP into context.

 

• Stevens interview [00:44]
• Using brain imaging data to understand how people respond to trauma [01:07]
• Patient enrollment [01:21]
• AURORA Study [01:42]
• Can patterns of brain activity help map different responses to trauma? [02:12]
• Biotypes [02:48]
• Structure of the study [03:40]
• Neuroimaging and fMRI tasks [04:11]
• Limitations [05:44]
• Biotypes definitions [07:30]
• Highest risk group [09:10]
• Most resilient group [09:51]
• What does this mean for treating trauma patients going forward? [10:17]
• Next steps [11:31]
• Kalin interview: looking at trauma and suicide [12:37]
• Stevens et al. look at neuroimaging and trauma [13:16]
• Edwards et al. look at genetic and environmental factors in suicide [14:11]
• McKibben et al. look at suicidal ideation and attempts in U.S. soldiers [16:12]
• Taken together [18:20]
• Keding et al. on brain development [19:26]
• Kumar et al. look at biomarkers and Alzheimer’s disease [20:22]

 

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Executive Editor Michael Roy speaks with Lara N. Coughlin, Ph.D., and Lewei Allison Lin, M.D., M.S., about their article on the provision of guideline-concordant depression treatment to patients with and without substance use disorders.

Dr. Lara Coughlin is an assistant professor in the Department of Psychiatry and an adjunct assistant professor of psychology at the University of Michigan. She is also a licensed clinical psychologist. Her research aims to find new ways to use behavioral economic frameworks to improve outcomes among individuals with substance use disorders. In particular, she is interested in decision making around health behaviors, such as choosing between sooner and smaller rewards, like substance use, and delayed and larger rewards, like overall health or career development. Her current work looks at the delivery and evaluation of care for underserved and rural populations.

Dr. Allison Lin is an addiction psychiatrist, an assistant professor in the Department of Psychiatry at the University of Michigan, and a research scientist in the Department of Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System.

• How the authors became interested in their areas of research [2:28]
• How often does depression co-occur with other disorders? [5:05]
• Current recommendations or best practices for the treatment of these conditions [5:33]
• Objective of the study [6:55]
• Description of study participants [7:27]
• Measures used to collect and analyze data [9:15]
• Main results of the study [11:20]
• Were there significant differences between disorders with respect to receipt of appropriate treatment? [12:10]
• Did any demographic characteristics, medical comorbidities, or other variables affect the findings? [13:25]
• Other notable or surprising results [14:03]
• Do the findings of the study extend to patients in the general population? [14:50]
• Study limitations [15:28]
• Patient or structural factors that may contribute to inequity in guideline-concordant care [16:13]
• How can we improve depression care for patients with comorbid substance use disorders? [19:01]
• Key points that researchers, clinicians, and other mental health professionals should take away from the article [22:12]
• Recommendations for further research in this area [23:32]

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Executive Editor Michael Roy speaks with Karen L. Bierman, Ph.D., about her article on reducing adolescent psychopathology in socioeconomically disadvantaged children with a preschool intervention.

Dr. Karen Bierman is the Evan Pugh University Professor, Professor of Psychology, Professor of Human Development and Family Studies, and Director of the Child Study Center at Penn State University. Her research looks at the design and evaluation of programs for social and emotional learning within schools and communities. She has also developed and evaluated group interventions for peer-rejected children.

• How the author became interested in this area of research [1:58]
• What we know about how exposure to chronic or unpredictable negative circumstances disturbs a developing brain [3:21]
• Why the intersection of growing up in adverse conditions and the beginning of formal schooling is significant in the life of a child [6:41]
• Objective of the study [7:54]
• Outline of the Head Start REDI program [9:26]
• Description of study participants [11:26]
• How the authors collected and analyzed data [13:20]
• How well did the intervention work in terms of reducing conduct problems, emotional symptoms, and peer problems among students? [14:31]
• Other key findings of the study [17:21]
• Did any results surprise the authors? [18:45]
• Study limitations [20:26]
• How this work fits in to the overall literature on this subject [22:21]
• Implications this work has for public health policy [24:49]
• Key points that researchers, clinicians, and other mental health professionals should take away from the article [26:31]
• Recommendations for further research in this area [27:37]

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Executive Editor Michael Roy speaks with Ayana Jordan, M.D., Ph.D., and Christina Mangurian, M.D., M.A.S., about their article on psychiatry diversity leadership in academic medicine.

Dr. Ayana Jordan is an associate program director of the adult psychiatry training program and an assistant professor of psychiatry at the Yale University School of Medicine. She is a member of the APA Board of Trustees, and she serves on the Early-Career Psychiatrist Advisory Committee for the journal Psychiatric Services. Her research is concentrated on increasing access to care for minoritized populations with substance use problems.

Dr. Christina Mangurian is a professor of psychiatry, epidemiology, and biostatistics in the School of Medicine at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF). She is also vice chair for diversity and health equity at the UCSF Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and a former chair of the APA Council on Minority Mental Health and Health Disparities. Her primary research program focuses on promoting mental health equity for patients and the workforce.

• The authors’ background and how they became involved in their work [2:50]
• How the authors’ roles in the workplace and in the community changed over the course of the past few years [7:51]
• Description of the case vignette presented in the article [14:23]
• The overall landscape for diversity leaders at psychiatry departments [18:40]
• Comparisons with other fields of medicine and academia [22:20]
• Three unique challenges faced by individuals who hold diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) roles [24:44]
• Initial steps that can help leaders in DEI positions [28:42]
• What people with institutional power can do to make sure that the experiences of BIPOC individuals are not ignored [34:40]
• Best practices to effectively support DEI leadership efforts in psychiatry [37:18]
• How scholarly research can adapt to help advance these efforts [42:39]
• Are the authors optimistic that we can overcome barriers and make real progress in efforts to expand diversity, equity, and inclusion throughout our community and workplaces? [46:11]

Photo (from top): Helena Hansen, M.D., Ph.D., Christina Mangurian, M.D., M.A.S., Carolyn I. Rodriguez, M.D., Ph.D., Ayana Jordan, M.D., Ph.D., Ruth S. Shim, M.D., M.P.H., Altha J. Stewart, M.D. (Image courtesy of Dr. Mary Kay Smith.)

Full author list of the article:

Ayana Jordan, M.D., Ph.D. (Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn.)

Ruth S. Shim, M.D., M.P.H. (Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Davis)

Carolyn I. Rodriguez, M.D., Ph.D. (Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif., and Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, Calif.)

Eraka Bath, M.D. (Department of Psychiatry, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles)

Jean-Marie Alves-Bradford, M.D. (Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, and New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York)

Lisa Eyler, Ph.D. (Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, and Desert-Pacific Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA San Diego Healthcare Center, San Diego)

Nhi-Ha Trinh, M.D. (Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard University School of Medicine, Boston)

Helena Hansen, M.D., Ph.D. (Departments of Psychiatry and Anthropology, New York University, New York)

Christina Mangurian, M.D., M.A.S. (Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), UCSF Center for Vulnerable Populations at Zuckerberg San Francisco General, and UCSF Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, San Francisco)

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Executive Editor Michael Roy speaks with Glenn Verner, M.P.H., and Sonja Entringer, Ph.D., about their article on the relationship between maternal psychological resilience during pregnancy and newborn telomere length.

Ms. Glenn Verner is a doctoral candidate in medical psychology at Charité University Medicine in Berlin. She is interested in studying the biological mechanisms that underpin maternal and fetal health.

Dr. Sonja Entringer is a professor of medical psychology at Charité University Medicine in Berlin. She is also an associate professor in the Health and Disease Research Program at the University of California, Irvine. Her research interests broadly include how developmental programming affects health and disease risk. In particular, she is interested in how stress during pregnancy affects offspring development.

• How the authors became interested in this area of research [2:10]
• Overview of the telomere system [4:35]
• Aims of the study, which examined how positive maternal psychological conditions during pregnancy affect newborn telomere settings [7:40]
• Characteristics of study participants [10:44]
• The various data collected during pregnancies [12:26]
• How resilience and positivity were quantified [13:58]
• Relationship between newborn telomere length and maternal resilience [15:18]
• Results that stood out to the authors [16:37]
• How clinical features or demographic characteristics of the participants affected the study outcome [17:26]
• Limitations that may have affected the study results [18:43]
• How this work fits in to the overall literature on this subject [19:51]
• Implications the work has for the understanding of how maternal health affects infant health and disease risk [20:42]
• Key points for researchers, clinicians, and other mental health professionals [22:43]
• Recommendations for further research [23:59]

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Executive Editor Michael Roy speaks with Luke J. Norman, Ph.D., and Kate D. Fitzgerald, M.D., about their article examining whether brain activity is associated with treatment response to cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) in adolescents and adults with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and whether any associations are treatment specific relative to an active control psychotherapy (stress management therapy; SMT).

Dr. Luke Norman was recently a neuroscience postdoctoral fellow at the University of Michigan. He is now affiliated with the National Institutes of Health. His research has looked at treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Dr. Kate Fitzgerald is the Phil F. Jenkins Research Professor of Depression and associate professor in the Department of Psychiatry at the University of Michigan. She is the academic director for child and adolescent psychiatry and co-director of the Pediatric Anxiety Disorders Clinic. She is also an adjunct associate professor in the Department of Psychology. Her work has examined pediatric anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorders, and currently, she is interested in looking for biomarkers of pediatric anxiety disorders that may represent options for novel, targeted treatments. She also has done work focusing on the use of cognitive-behavioral therapy in schools.

• How the authors became interested in this area of research [2:42]
• How prevalent obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is among the general population, and its conventional treatment approaches [5:50]
• Comparing cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) with a control psychotherapy called stress management therapy (SMT) [8:42]
• Details about two neural networks that have been implicated in OCD (the cingulo-opercular network and the orbito-striato-thalamic network) [12:04]
• Makeup of study participants, and methods the authors used to analyze the data [14:07]
• Comparison of symptom change between the group who received CBT relative to the group who received SMT [17:39]
• Details from functional MRI scans [18:23]
• Differences by age [20:40]
• Other notable study results [21:25]
• Limitations of the study [22:21]
• Implications that this work has for the understanding and treatment of OCD [23:30]
• Key points for researchers, clinicians, and other mental health professionals [24:50]
• Recommendations for further research [26:07]

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Executive Editor Michael Roy speaks with American Journal of Psychiatry Editor-in-Chief Ned H. Kalin, M.D., and Deputy Editor Carolyn Rodriguez, M.D., Ph.D., about the Journal’s response to COVID-19; strategies to combat racism, social injustice, and health care inequities; research highlights from the past year; and what lies ahead in 2021.

Dr. Kalin is the Hedberg Professor and Chair of the Department of Psychiatry at the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, where he also serves as the Director of the Health Emotions Research Institute, and Director of the Lane Neuroimaging Laboratory. He is a member of the National Academy of Medicine, is a Distinguished Fellow of the American Psychiatric Association, and serves on the APA Council on Research. His work has aimed to understand the brain mechanisms underlying mental disorders.

Dr. Rodriguez is an Associate Professor in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at Stanford University, where she is Director of the Translational Therapeutics Lab. She also serves as an Associate Dean for Academic Affairs and Associate Chair for Inclusion and Diversity at Stanford University, and she is a member of the APA Council on Research. In 2019, Dr. Rodriguez was selected as a recipient of the Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers, which recognizes outstanding scientists and engineers at the outset of their independent research careers. Her research has looked at finding rapid-acting treatments to relieve the suffering of patients with severe mental illness, including obsessive-compulsive disorder.

• What the Journal has done in response to COVID-19 [3:15]
• How people can stay resilient during this time [8:04]
• How have racism and social injustice affected mental health care research and access? [12:04]
• What can mental health professionals do to address health care inequities? [18:56]
• Steps the Journal is taking to address racism, social injustice, and health care inequities [22:56]
• Research highlights of 2020 [25:32]
• Trends in the field of mental health research [29:38]
• Topics the editors would like to see more of in the Journal [32:50]
• Advice for early career researchers [34:49]
• Looking ahead to 2021 [38:05]

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Executive Editor Michael Roy speaks with Sara K. Blaine, Ph.D., and Rajita Sinha, Ph.D., about their article on the use of brain imaging in the evaluation of drinking outcomes during early outpatient treatment for alcohol use disorder.

Dr. Sara Blaine is an assistant professor in the Department of Psychological Sciences at Auburn University. She recently completed postdoctoral work at Yale University. Her work has looked at how genes and aspects of the brain affect the development of alcoholism under conditions of stress.

Dr. Rajita Sinha is the Foundations Fund Professor of Psychiatry at the Yale University School of Medicine, where she also is a professor of neurobiology. She is chief of the psychology section in psychiatry and co-director of education at the Yale Center for Clinical Investigation. In addition, she is a professor in the Child Study Center and founding director of the Yale Stress Center. Her research has looked at the mechanisms of chronic stress, adversity, and coping. She is also interested in developing new ways to counter the effects of stress and addictive behaviors.

• How the authors became interested in this area of research [2:48]
• Why the authors studied the neurobiology of individuals who are in the early phase of abstinence from alcohol [4:37]
• Areas of the brain that are linked to stress and reward circuits that are affected by addiction [6:20]
• Details about the study design and patient population [8:21]
• The different measurements used in the study, and how the authors analyzed the data [11:38]
• Results of the two-part analysis, which observed patients’ responses to alcohol, stress, or neutral cues and which evaluated treatment outcomes among patients [17:04]
• Did any results surprise the authors? [20:56]
• Study limitations [23:18]
• How this research adds to the overall body of knowledge about treatment for alcohol use disorder [24:12]
• Implications the work has for programs that provide treatment for alcohol use disorder [26:12]
• Main takeaways for researchers, clinicians, and other mental health professionals [27:58]
• Recommendations for further research [29:42]

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Executive Editor Michael Roy speaks with Constance Guille, M.D., and Richard F. Summers, M.D., about their article on the prevalence of burnout and depressive symptoms among North American psychiatrists, demographic and practice characteristics associated with risk for these symptoms, and the correlation between burnout and depression. A related commentary on burnout by Dr. Summers also is discussed.

Dr. Guille is a professor in the Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the Medical University of South Carolina. She is a member of the American Psychiatric Association (APA) Board of Trustees Workgroup on Psychiatrist Well-Being and Burnout, and she is co-investigator on the Intern Health Study, a large prospective study examining stress and depression among medical trainees. She directs the Women’s Reproductive Behavioral Health Division at the Medical University of South Carolina and has published widely on topics including women’s health, stress, and depression.

Dr. Summers is clinical professor of psychiatry and senior residency advisor at the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania. He currently is APA treasurer, and he served as chair of the APA Board of Trustees Workgroup on Psychiatrist Well-Being and Burnout. He has published widely on topics including psychodynamic therapy training, the therapeutic alliance, psychodynamic formulation, positive psychology, and psychiatry residency training. He is a distinguished life fellow of APA.

• Formation of the APA Board of Trustees Workgroup on Psychiatrist Well-Being and Burnout [3:03]
• The distinction between burnout and depression, and whether there is a general agreement in the field on how these two constructs are related [4:44]
• What previous research has shown regarding the prevalence of burnout among physicians in other specialties [6:37]
• How the present study collected data, and what measures were used to quantify burnout and depression [9:04]
• Demographic characteristics of the study population [11:58]
• Demographic and work characteristics associated with burnout [13:01]
• Demographic and work characteristics associated with depression [13:28]
• Did any results surprise the authors? [13:43]
• Study limitations [17:57]
• Placing the present work in context with previous work [19:49]
• Implications of the study for health care organizations and for workforce policy in general [21:58]
• Discussion of Dr. Summers’ commentary on what burnout is and what it is not [25:53]
• Recommendations for further work in this area [29:19]

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Executive Editor Michael Roy speaks with Emily Robertson, M.A., and Paul Frick, Ph.D., about their article on the role that callous-unemotional traits have in the risk for gun carrying and gun use during a crime.

Ms. Emily Robertson is a clinical psychology doctoral student in the Developmental Psychopathology Lab at Louisiana State University. This fall, she begins a predoctoral internship at the Mailman Center for Child Development in the Miller School of Medicine at the University of Miami. Dr. Paul Frick leads the Developmental Psychopathology Lab at LSU, where he is the Roy Crumpler Memorial Chair in the Department of Psychology. He holds a joint appointment in the Institute for Learning Sciences and Teacher Education at Australian Catholic University in Brisbane.

• Why gun violence in the United States has become a significant concern among young people [2:46]
• What are callous-unemotional traits, and how common are these traits in the general population? [4:10]
• Why the authors decided to examine the relationship between callous-unemotional traits and gun violence [5:46]
• How the authors identified the study population, and what covariates or other variables they included [6:35]
• How the authors determined whether callous-unemotional traits affected a number of variables related to gun violence [10:11]
• Discussion of the main hypothesis [11:16]
• How callous-unemotional traits interact with a number of covariates, and other risk factors, to influence the frequency of gun carrying after a first arrest and the status of peer gun carrying and ownership [13:31]
• Overall conclusions [15:18]
• Study limitations [16:58]
• Implications of the work on public policy or on health policy [18:45]
• Main takeaways for researchers, clinicians, and other mental health professionals [20:18]
• Recommendations for further research [21:48]

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Executive Editor Michael Roy speaks with Jennifer Dwyer, M.D., Ph.D., and Awais Aftab, M.D., about the physiology of three major endocrine systems and about the evidence for hormone-based interventions in the treatment of major depressive disorder.

Dr. Dwyer is an assistant professor at Yale University, where she is affiliated with the Child Study Center and the Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging. Dr. Aftab is a clinical assistant professor in the Department of Psychiatry at Case Western Reserve University. He is also an attending psychiatrist at Northcoast Behavioral HealthCare Hospital.

• Why are effective treatments for major depressive disorder lacking? [2:22]
• Why have hormones been implicated in the pathophysiology of major depression? [4:28]
• Three particular parts of the hormonal system that have been linked to alterations in mood [7:05]
• The role of the HPA axis in major depression [8:44]
• The role of the HPT axis in major depression [11:39]
• The role of the HPG axis in major depression, and differences between men and women [19:42]
• The efficacy, or drawbacks, of different kinds of hormonal interventions to treat depression [31:15]
• Overall conclusions as to the utility of hormonal treatments for major depression [39:04]
• The main messages that researchers, clinicians, and other mental health professionals should take away from the article [40:22]
• Recommendations for further research in this area [41:32]

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Executive Editor Michael Roy speaks with Stéphane Potvin, Ph.D., and Alexandre Dumais, M.D., Ph.D., about their meta-analysis investigating the association between cannabis use and violence, and, more specifically, the perpetration of any type of physical violence by adolescents and young adults.

• How prevalent is the use of cannabis among young people? [2:23]
• What are some of the adverse outcomes that are linked to the use of cannabis, and are these outcomes linked to other difficulties over time? [4:06]
• Why has the literature been mixed as to whether there is a link between the use of cannabis and violent behavior and aggression? [6:11]
• How the authors chose their research objective [8:15]
• Steps of the meta-analysis [9:51]
• Methods used to analyze the data [11:33]
• Main findings [14:12]
• Potential mechanisms that may have a role in the perpetration of violence [16:17]
• Implications for young people who use cannabis [18:07]
• Limitations affecting the results [19:19]
• Does the medical use of marijuana have any bearing on the work? [21:43]
• Takeaways for mental health professionals and the general public [22:31]
• Recommendations for further research [23:55]

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Executive Editor Michael Roy speaks with Katherine MacDuffie, Ph.D., and Annette Estes, Ph.D., about their longitudinal neuroimaging study examining associations between sleep difficulties and developmental trajectories among infants who go on to develop autism spectrum disorder.

• Why is sleep so important during early life? [2:16]
• How can sleep affect a child's behavioral and mental development, as well as overall functioning? [3:34]
• Why the authors conducted this research [4:47]
• Areas of the brain that were of particular interest [6:35]
• Methods used in the research [8:34]
• Main findings of the research [10:54]
• How results aligned with previous research [12:22]
• Potential neurobiological mechanisms underlying the results [13:57]
• Limitations of the work [15:26]
• Conclusions that researchers, clinicians, and other mental health professionals can take away from the work [17:12]
• Recommendations for further research in this area [18:21]

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Executive Editor Michael Roy speaks with Collin Reiff, M.D., and William McDonald, M.D., about their evidence-based summary of the literature on the clinical application of psychedelic drugs in psychiatric disorders.

• How hallucinogens were first used, and some of the key individuals involved in the development of these drugs for medical use [2:23]
• What led to the worry about use of these compounds in the 1960s, and what actions did U.S. policymakers take at the time? [5:35]
• How have opinions changed from the 1960s to the present? [7:01]
• How the authors conducted their research [8:23]
• How the authors determined which drugs to examine [9:38]
• What findings stood out to the authors? [10:28]
• Relationships between the psychological effects and the neurobiology of psychedelic compounds [12:59]
• How ketamine came to be used in clinical care, and what studies have shown about its safety and effectiveness [14:18]
• An outline of psycholytic therapy and psychedelic therapy [17:16]
• What is the potential for these kinds of drugs to be misused? [19:24]
• Conclusions that researchers, clinicians, and other mental health professionals should take away [21:15]
• Recommendations for further research in this area [22:20]

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Image: detail from a 1978 painting by Flournoy Holmes, "Fire Being" (acrylic, 36 in x 42 in). Image provided courtesy of the artist. For this and other works, visit flournoyholmes.com.

Executive Editor Michael Roy speaks with Sarah A. Sullivan, Ph.D., and Stanley Zammit, Ph.D., about their research on the incidence, course, and outcome of psychotic experiences from childhood through early adulthood in the general population, and the prediction of psychotic disorder.

• How common are psychotic experiences in the general population, and what burdens do they place on public health systems? [2:19]
• What kinds of services are available to identify and treat individuals who have psychotic experiences? [3:48]
• Study methods [5:33]
• What kind of psychotic experiences were reported? [7:41]
• Age as a significant factor [8:57]
• Prediction of psychotic disorder by age 24 [10:33]
• Implications for practicing clinicians and other mental health professionals [11:58]
• Limitations of the study [12:41]
• What other studies should explore regarding first-episode psychosis [13:52]

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Executive Editor Michael Roy speaks with Damiaan Denys, M.D., Ph.D., and Ilse Graat, M.D., about their research on the tolerability and effectiveness of deep brain stimulation (DBS) for patients with refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).

• What characterizes OCD, and how widespread is it? [2:35]
• What treatment with DBS involves [4:07]
• Outline of study methods [6:25]
• Why the part of the brain studied is relevant for DBS, and description of the scales used to measure how well the treatment worked [7:54]
• Main findings with regard to response of OCD symptoms in patients who received DBS [10:51]
• Discussion of adverse events [12:40]
• Implications of the work for researchers, clinicians, and other mental health professionals [14:54]
• What further studies should explore with regard to treatment with DBS [15:43]

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Executive Editor Michael Roy speaks with Arthur Robin Williams, M.D., M.B.E., and Mark Olfson, M.D., M.P.H., about their research on adverse health outcomes following discontinuation of buprenorphine among Medicaid beneficiaries who were retained for variable periods beyond 6 months.

• How buprenorphine helps patients, and factors affecting the use of this medication [2:50]
• Are there any quality measures for buprenorphine or for the treatment of opioid use disorder more generally? [7:48]
• What the authors aimed to achieve in the study [10:59]
• How the authors determined what methods to use in the study [13:51]
• Main findings with regard to adverse health outcomes after patients discontinued buprenorphine [16:22]
• Implications of the results [19:01]
• What further studies should explore with regard to treatment for opioid use disorder [21:50]
• Takeaways for researchers, clinicians, and other mental health professionals [23:06]

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Executive Editor Michael Roy speaks with Younga H. Lee, Ph.D., and Stephen L. Buka, Sc.D., about their research on the association between maternal bacterial infection during pregnancy and risk for psychotic disorders in offspring.

• The New England Family Study [2:50]
• Study design [7:21]
• How information about exposure to bacterial infection was collected, and how offspring who developed mental health problems were evaluated [8:07]
• Main findings with regard to the connection between exposure to bacterial infection in utero and the development of illness among offspring [11:37]
• Whether the findings have any bearing on the use of medication to treat infections in pregnancy [12:27]
• Did any results surprise the researchers? [13:41]
• What further studies should explore [16:56]
• Implications of the work [18:12]

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Executive Editor Michael Roy speaks with Antonia Kaczkurkin, Ph.D., and Theodore Satterthwaite, M.D., about their research on how different measures of brain structure (cortical thickness and volume) in youths are associated with various dimensions of psychopathology.

• What this study aimed to achieve [3:19]
• Dimensions of psychopathology identified in the study [6:33]
• Description of a novel method to identify structural brain networks [8:17]
• Main findings of the research [9:53]
• Whether information about psychopathology can be gleaned from structural networks in the brain [11:09]
• What further studies should explore [12:20]
• Implications of the work [13:11]

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Executive Editor Michael Roy speaks with Yasmin Hurd, Ph.D., about her research on the potential of cannabidiol (CBD) to reduce cue-induced craving and anxiety, two critical features of addiction that often contribute to relapse and continued drug use, in drug-abstinent individuals with heroin use disorder.

• What has past research with CBD shown in terms of its function as a treatment for mental illness? [2:29]
• Why the present study examined the potential of CBD to moderate craving and anxiety, and how these reactions were triggered among participants [4:14]
• How did the study team decide to evaluate CBD at two different doses? [5:54]
• Main findings of the study [7:42]
• Discussion of secondary outcomes and adverse events [9:02]
• Take-home messages for mental health professionals and the general public [11:37]
• Thoughts on how the medical use of CBD will fit in to the broader trend of the relaxation of marijuana laws throughout the United States [13:28]

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Executive Editor Michael Roy speaks with Abraham Reichenberg, Ph.D., about his research on cognitive decline after the first episode of schizophrenia and other psychoses.

• Why previous research has not been able to map the course of cognitive change among people who have serious mental illness [1:50]
• Whether a decline in patients’ cognition occurs after a first diagnosis [3:53]
• Whether a decline occurs in multiple cognitive domains [4:40]
• Whether a decline in cognition is unique to schizophrenia, or if it is common to other types of psychosis [5:31]
• Aspects of the study that are relevant for researchers, clinicians, and other mental health professionals [6:15]
• Implications of the findings [7:01]

 

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Guest host Ann Thomas speaks with Jessica A. Gold, M.D., M.S., and Christina Mangurian, M.D., M.A.S., about their commentary on sexual harassment and gender discrimination in the health care workplace and on how mental health professionals can help remedy these inequities.

• How pervasive is this problem in health care? [3:13]
• What are the goals of TIME'S UP Healthcare? [6:57]
• How are mental health professionals uniquely qualified to develop system-level efforts to promote change? [11:12]
• What are some key steps mental health care providers can take to raise awareness? [14:12]
• What progress has been made? [17:23]
• What does the future hold? [20:10]

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Executive Editor Michael Roy speaks with Thorhildur Halldorsdottir, Ph.D., and Elisabeth Binder, M.D., Ph.D., about their research on predicting depression outcomes in youths and how the interaction between FKBP5, a gene involved in regulating the stress system, and early-life exposure to intimate partner violence affects the physiological response to stress early in life, with consequences for emotional and cognitive development.

• How polygenic risk scores may be used to identify risk for and symptoms of depression in young people [3:32]
• The interaction between exposure to stress in early life and emotional and cognitive development [8:05]
• Key points from each study [10:26]
• Applying gene-by-environment research to real-world work [14:27]
• What lies ahead in the study of how genes and the environment interact to influence mental health [16:34]

Be sure to let your colleagues know about the podcast, and please rate and review it on Apple Podcasts, Stitcher, or wherever you listen to it. The podcast is now on Spotify.

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Executive Editor Michael Roy speaks with Roscoe O. Brady, Jr., M.D., Ph.D., and Mark A. Halko, Ph.D., about their research on identifying and treating a network of connectivity in the brain corresponding to negative symptom severity in schizophrenia.

• The difference between positive and negative symptoms in psychosis, and why the symptoms are important [2:39]
• Identifying the treating the underlying circuitry of negative symptoms in the brain [6:25]
• Discussion of the results of the study [10:20]
• Symptom severity and the link between the prefrontal cortex and cerebellum [12:27]
• Aspects of the study that are relevant for researchers, clinicians, and other mental health professionals [20:40]
• What's next in this line of research and clinical care [25:40]

Be sure to let your colleagues know about the podcast, and please rate and review it on Apple Podcasts, Stitcher, or wherever you listen to it. The podcast is now on Spotify.

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Executive Editor Michael Roy speaks with Evelyn Attia, M.D., about her research evaluating the benefits of olanzapine compared with placebo for adult outpatients with anorexia nervosa.

Be sure to let your colleagues know about the podcast, and please rate and review it on Apple Podcasts, Stitcher, or wherever you listen to it. The podcast is now on Spotify.

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Executive Editor Michael Roy speaks with Madhukar H. Trivedi, M.D., about his research evaluating the clinical utility of adding irritability to the current paradigm of measuring depressive symptom severity during the course of antidepressant treatment.

Be sure to let your colleagues know about the podcast, and please rate and review it on Apple Podcasts, Stitcher, or wherever you listen to it. The podcast is now on Spotify.

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Executive Editor Michael Roy speaks with Lori A. Zoellner, Ph.D., about her research on how patient treatment preference affects outcomes in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

In a doubly randomized preference trial, 200 patients with PTSD viewed standardized treatment rationales prior to randomization. Patients were first randomized to choice of treatment or no choice. Those assigned to no choice were then randomized to prolonged exposure or sertraline. Acute treatment was 10 weeks, with 24-month follow-up. Interviewer-rated PTSD symptom severity was the main outcome measure, and depression, anxiety, and functioning were assessed as additional outcomes.

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Executive Editor Michael Roy speaks with Leah S. Richmond-Rakerd, Ph.D., about her research on the antecedents, clinical features, and life characteristics of adolescents who engage in both self-harming and violent criminal behaviors.

Be sure to let your colleagues know about the podcast, and please rate and review it on Apple Podcasts, Stitcher, or wherever you listen to it. The podcast is now on Spotify.

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Executive Editor Michael Roy speaks with Patricia J. Conrod, Ph.D., about her research on the relationship between substance use and adolescent cognitive development. Deputy Editor Kathleen T. Brady, M.D., Ph.D., discusses her editorial on improving our understanding of substance use disorders. Be sure to let your colleagues know about the podcast, and please rate and review it on Apple Podcasts, Stitcher, or wherever you listen to it. The podcast is now on Spotify. Browse articles online. Also visit the online edition of this month’s Journal to watch a video of Deputy Editor Daniel S. Pine, M.D., present highlights from the issue. Follow the Journal on Twitter.

This month, Ned H. Kalin, M.D., begins his term as Editor-in-Chief of the Journal. Speaking with Executive Editor Michael Roy, Dr. Kalin outlines his vision for his tenure and discusses the kinds of research that will appear in the Journal.

Outgoing Editor-in-Chief Robert Freedman, M.D., reflects on his tenure as Editor of the Journal. Executive Editor Michael Roy reviews research on the management of vascular depression, the use of prazosin for alcohol use disorder, and how maternal severe mental illness and exposure to obstetric complications are associated with intellectual disability and psychotic disorders in children.

This month, host Ann Thomas talks with Alan S. Brown, M.D., M.P.H., about his research on the association of maternal insecticide levels with autism, and on maternal immune activation and neuropsychiatric illness. Executive Editor Michael Roy reviews research on how smoking affects cognitive functioning, a randomized controlled trial of parent-child psychotherapy, and challenges in managing mental health problems in transgender individuals.

This month, Executive Editor Michael Roy talks with Jill E. Bormann, Ph.D., R.N., about her research on "mantram" repetition therapy to treat PTSD in veterans. Other highlights: how insight affects outcome in psychotherapy, how medications for addictive behaviors affect crime and suicide, how electronic health records can be used to predict suicide attempts, and the mental health impact of violence toward targeted populations.

This month, Executive Editor Michael Roy talks with Betsy D. Kennard, Psy.D., about her research on an inpatient intervention and smartphone app to reduce adolescent suicide attempts following hospital discharge. Other highlights: care of patients with nonepileptic seizures; how sudden parental death affects depression in children; computerized CBT for addiction treatment; and the relationship between abortion and suicidal ideation.

This month, Executive Editor Michael Roy talks with Wilson M. Compton, M.D., M.P.E., about his research on patterns of misuse of prescription stimulant medication in the United States. Other highlights: burnout among physicians, whether depression causes premature aging, discontinuation of antipsychotic treatment in schizophrenia, and risk of postpartum psychiatric episodes.

This month, Executive Editor Michael Roy talks with M. Camille Hoffman, M.D., about her research on the use of nutritional supplements in pregnancy. Michael Roy also speaks with Daniel S. Pine, M.D., Deputy Editor of the Journal, about a clinical trial involving ketamine and whether a framework can be established for the safe use of ketamine. Other highlights: how physical activity can affect depression, and treatment of alcohol-dependent adults who are involved with the criminal justice system.

This month, Avshalom Caspi, Ph.D., talks about his research on the relationship between early-life stress and later changes in DNA methylation. Executive Editor Michael Roy reviews a unique form of episodic psychosis, health care use before an opioid-related death, new genetic markers for depression, and the effect of antipsychotic medication on the risk for diabetes in pregnancy.

This month, Kelly K. Anderson, Ph.D., talks about her research on the effectiveness of early psychosis intervention programs. Executive Editor Michael Roy reviews early-onset dementia in a patient with 22q11 deletion syndrome and Huntington's disease, early intervention in bipolar disorder, a novel memory-based therapy with propranolol to reduce PTSD symptoms, and patterns of health care use prior to first diagnosis of a psychotic disorder. Be sure to let your colleagues know about the podcast, and please rate and review it on Apple Podcasts, Stitcher, or wherever you listen to it. Articles may be viewed online at ajp.psychiatryonline.org. Also visit the online edition of this month’s Journal to watch a video of Deputy Editor Daniel S. Pine, M.D., present highlights from the issue (ajp.psychiatryonline.org/toc/ajp/175/5). Follow the journal on Twitter at @AmJPsychiatry.

This month, Edith V. Sullivan, Ph.D., and Adolf Pfefferbaum, M.D., of Stanford University talk about their article investigating how drinking affects the development of the adolescent brain. Executive Editor Michael Roy reviews new research on how long the effects of ketamine can last, trends associated with substance-induced psychosis, the relationship between hormonal contraception and suicide, and treatment for patients with conversion disorder. Articles may be viewed online at ajp.psychiatryonline.org. Also visit the online edition of this month’s Journal to watch a video of Deputy Editor Daniel S. Pine, M.D., present highlights from the issue (ajp.psychiatryonline.org/toc/ajp/175/4).

This month, Philip McGuire, F.R.C.Psych., F.Med.Sci., of King’s College London, talks about his article investigating how cannabidiol, a compound in marijuana, can be used to treat schizophrenia. Executive Editor Michael Roy discusses new research on the relationship between age-related hearing loss and cognitive decline, the change from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer’s dementia, and computer-assisted cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) versus standard CBT. The clinical case conference looks at the value of exercise in early psychosis Articles may be viewed online at ajp.psychiatryonline.org. Also visit the online edition of this month’s Journal to watch a video of Deputy Editor Daniel S. Pine, M.D., present highlights from the issue (ajp.psychiatryonline.org/toc/ajp/175/3).

This month, Executive Editor Michael Roy reviews research on bright light therapy for bipolar depression, how well a single dose of ketamine reduced suicidal thoughts in patients with depression, a roadmap for understanding the neurodevelopmental origins of conditions that manifest in early childhood, and prolonged postconcussive symptoms. In addition, Margaret Sibley, Ph.D., discusses her article examining the diagnosis of late-onset ADHD. Articles may be viewed online at ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This month, Executive Editor Michael Roy reviews refugee mental health issues, exercise and the prevention of depression, cannabis use and risk of prescription opioid use disorder, and increased risk of smoking in female adolescents who had childhood ADHD. In addition, Editor-in-Chief Robert Freedman, M.D., discusses how the Journal is commemorating its 175th publication year. Articles may be viewed online at ajp.psychiatryonline.org. Also visit the online edition of this month’s Journal to watch a video of Deputy Editor Daniel S. Pine, M.D., present highlights from the issue (ajp.psychiatryonline.org/toc/ajp/175/1).

This month, Executive Editor Michael Roy discusses brain function and psychotherapy outcomes in patients with PTSD, transgender research from a neurocognitive angle, research results of a new drug for schizophrenia, and characteristics of resilience in bipolar disorder and how individuals who are bipolar experience the world. Articles may be viewed online at ajp.psychiatryonline.org. Also visit the online edition of this month’s Journal to watch a video of Deputy Editor Daniel S. Pine, M.D., present highlights from the issue (ajp.psychiatryonline.org/toc/ajp/174/12).

This month, Deputy Editor Susan K. Schultz, M.D., discusses clinical genetic testing in psychiatry, binge drinking as a possible risk factor for alcohol use disorder, lithium versus divalproex for bipolar disorder in the elderly, the course of schizophrenia over the first 20 years, as well as trajectories of social functioning over 20 years. Articles may be viewed online at ajp.psychiatryonline.org. Also visit the online edition of this month’s Journal to watch a video of Deputy Editor Daniel S. Pine, M.D., present highlights from the issue (ajp.psychiatryonline.org/toc/ajp/174/11). We are conducting a listener survey. Please go to ajp.psychiatryonline.org/audio and select the link to the survey. It won’t take more than a few minutes to complete, and your feedback will remain anonymous. We appreciate your responses. Thank you.

This month, Deputy Editor Susan K. Schultz, M.D., discusses the efficacy of psychodynamic therapy, the protective effect of pregnancy on the risk for drug abuse, the relation of ovarian hormone levels to symptoms in premenstrual dysphoric disorder, rates of mortality and self-harm in patients taking clozapine, and pharmacogenomic testing in psychiatry. Articles may be viewed online at ajp.psychiatryonline.org. Also visit the online edition of this month’s Journal to watch a video of Deputy Editor Daniel S. Pine, M.D., present highlights from the issue (ajp.psychiatryonline.org/toc/ajp/174/10). We are conducting a listener survey. Please go to ajp.psychiatryonline.org/audio and select the link to the survey. It won’t take more than a few minutes to complete, and your feedback will remain anonymous. We appreciate your responses. Thank you.

This month, Deputy Editor Susan K. Schultz, M.D., discusses challenges in treating undocumented immigrants, long-term effects of antipsychotics in schizophrenia, whether substance use problems are associated with medications for ADHD, use of Social Security disability benefits by patients with first-episode psychosis receiving multifaceted specialty care, a large genome-wide association study of anorexia nervosa, and when and why medical students choose to specialize in psychiatry. Articles may be viewed online at ajp.psychiatryonline.org. Also visit the online edition of this month’s Journal to watch a video of Deputy Editor Daniel S. Pine, M.D., present highlights from the issue (ajp.psychiatryonline.org/toc/ajp/174/9). We are launching a listener survey. Please go to ajp.psychiatryonline.org/audio and select the link to the survey. It won’t take more than a few minutes to complete, and your feedback will remain anonymous. We appreciate your responses. Thank you.

This month, Deputy Editor Susan K. Schultz, M.D., discusses smartphones for self-management in schizophrenia, behavioral interventions in buprenorphine maintenance treatment, suicide following self-harm, effects of lithium and valproate on suicidal behavior in bipolar disorder, treatment of pediatric anxiety disorders with cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) plus attention bias modification therapy, treatment of hypochondriasis with CBT plus medication, and treatment of major depression with amygdala neurofeedback. Articles may be viewed online at ajp.psychiatryonline.org. Also, visit the online edition of this month’s Journal to view a video of Deputy Editor Daniel S. Pine, M.D., presenting highlights from the issue (ajp.psychiatryonline.org/toc/ajp/174/8).

This month, Deputy Editor Susan K. Schultz, M.D., discusses psychiatric complications in primary parathyroidism with hypercalcemia, low-intensity transcranial current stimulation for psychiatric conditions, outcomes of vagus nerve stimulation for treatment-resistant depression, brain structure and function related to suicide attempts in young people with bipolar disorder, endogenous and medication-related risk for diabetes in schizophrenia, and gaze-contingent music reward therapy for social anxiety disorder. Articles may be viewed online at ajp.psychiatryonline.org. Also, visit the online edition of this month’s Journal to view a video of Deputy Editor Daniel S. Pine, M.D., presenting highlights from the issue (ajp.psychiatryonline.org/toc/ajp/174/7).

This month, Deputy Editor Susan K. Schultz, M.D., discusses patient preference and functional connectivity of the subcallosal cingulate cortex as possible predictors of treatment response in major depression, a behavioral phenotype of autism spectrum disorder characteristic of patients with known genetic abnormalities, functioning of the brain’s reward system in anorexia nervosa, collaboration between psychiatry and law enforcement, and a model of irritability in children and teens. Articles may be viewed online at ajp.psychiatryonline.org. Also, visit the online edition of this month’s Journal to view a video of Deputy Editor Daniel S. Pine, M.D., presenting highlights from the issue (ajp.psychiatryonline.org/toc/ajp/174/6).

This month, Deputy Editor Susan K. Schultz, M.D., discusses antidepressant efficacy for depression in children and adolescents, morbidity and mortality related to medications for depression, possible benefits of valbenazine for tardive dyskinesia, opioid detoxification using oral naltrexone versus buprenorphine, and the relation of divorce to the onset of alcohol use disorders. Articles may be viewed online at ajp.psychiatryonline.org. Also, visit the online edition of this month’s Journal to view a video of Deputy Editor Daniel S. Pine, M.D., presenting highlights from the issue (ajp.psychiatryonline.org/toc/ajp/174/5).

This month, Deputy Editor Susan K. Schultz, M.D., discusses the fetal origins of mental health, the effect of methylphenidate on the risk of manic episodes in bipolar disorder, contingency management for alcohol abuse in patients with serious mental illness, computerized cognitive training for older adults with mild cognitive impairment or dementia, prediction of relapse in Alzheimer’s disease patients after discontinuation of antipsychotic treatment, and the origins of cognitive deficits in people victimized during childhood. Articles may be viewed online at ajp.psychiatryonline.org. Also, visit the online edition of this month’s Journal to view a video of Deputy Editor Daniel S. Pine, M.D., presenting highlights from the issue (ajp.psychiatryonline.org/toc/ajp/174/4).

This month, Executive Editor Michael Roy discusses collaboration between psychiatry and obstetrics, prescription opioid use disorder during pregnancy, integrated behavioral health homes, a possible relationship between Alzheimer’s disease and low hippocampal volume in late-life depression, switch rates during lithium and sertraline treatment of bipolar II depression, Internet gaming disorder, and the relation of mental health to social networks following disaster. Articles may be viewed online at ajp.psychiatryonline.org. Also, visit the online edition of this month’s Journal to view a video of Deputy Editor Daniel S. Pine, M.D., presenting highlights from the issue (ajp.psychiatryonline.org/toc/ajp/174/3).

This month, Executive Editor Michael Roy discusses the use of stimulants and performance enhancers as a possible risk factor for PTSD, behavioral and brain markers of overgeneralized fear conditioning in PTSD, the epidemiology of first-episode psychosis, predictors of suicidal behavior, neural predictors of initiating alcohol use during adolescence, and mediation of placebo effects by patient expectancy in antidepressant clinical trials. Articles may be viewed online at ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This month, Deputy Editor Susan K. Schultz, M.D., discusses the association of hypnotic medications and suicide, neurometabolic disorders in treatment-refractory depression, diminished attention to eyes in autism, increased activity or energy as a primary criterion for diagnosis of bipolar mania, an instrument for diagnosing premenstrual dysphoric disorder, and how to differentiate the effects of deep brain stimulation in Parkinson’s disease from the effects of the disease itself and psychiatric issues. Articles may be viewed online at ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This month, Deputy Editor Susan K. Schultz, M.D., discusses combat attachment behaviors in former service members with PTSD, postpartum psychosis, the association between pain and opioid use disorder, work productivity in relation to depression outcome, neural response to rewards as a predictor of depression, and adjustment disorder following trauma exposure. Articles may be viewed online at ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This month, Deputy Editor Susan K. Schultz, M.D., discusses practice and policies on perinatal substance abuse, relapse risk in patients with remitted depression, right unilateral ultrabrief-pulse ECT combined with medication in acute and maintenance geriatric depression, suicide risk calculated prospectively in a population cohort, and a new approach to fear and anxiety that takes into account both behavioral responses and conscious feeling states. Articles may be viewed online at ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This month, Deputy Editor Susan K. Schultz, M.D., discusses research on preventing firearm suicide, treatment guidelines for adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, long-term effects of supported employment for people with psychiatric disabilities, predicting psychosis risk in individuals with prodromal symptoms, how often psychotic experiences precede mental disorders and vice versa, and a 30-year follow-up study of offspring of depressed parents. Articles may be viewed online at ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This month, Deputy Editor Susan K. Schultz, M.D., discusses the diagnosis and treatment of trichotillomania, combining antidepressants with antipsychotics in schizophrenia, outcomes of the FDA reduction in the citalopram maximum dosage, heritable and nonheritable pathways to early callous and unemotional behaviors, and the effect of marriage on the risk for alcohol use disorder. Articles may be viewed online at ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This month, Deputy Editor Susan K. Schultz, M.D., discusses accelerometers in diagnosis and treatment of late-life depression, concomitant use of SSRIs and statins, treatment of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia with an alpha-7 nicotinic receptor agonist, the relation of adolescent marijuana use to subclinical psychotic symptoms and to mortality at age 60, and the effect of nicotine exposure during pregnancy to development of schizophrenia in offspring. Articles may be viewed online at ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This month, Deputy Editor Susan K. Schultz, M.D., discusses how psychiatrists can extend their role to treatment of general health conditions, how to evaluate randomized clinical trials, interpersonal psychotherapy for mental health problems, fluidity of symptoms in borderline personality disorder, predictors of bipolar illness in offspring of bipolar parents, and the relation of prenatal maternal distress to fetal behavior and to DNA changes in glucocorticoid-related genes in the placenta. Articles may be viewed online at ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This month, Executive Editor Michael Roy discusses nutrient-based treatments as adjuncts to antidepressants, the prevalence and characteristics of cannabis use disorder as defined in DSM-5, long-term mortality rates in women with severe postpartum psychiatric disorders, a program for children in foster care and their biological parents designed to prevent repetition of childhood maltreatment, whether the relationship between preschool poverty and school-age depression is mediated by functional brain connectivity, and the NIMH Research Domain Criteria project. Articles may be viewed online at ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This month, Executive Editor Michael Roy discusses a generalist model for treatment of borderline personality disorder, citalopram treatment for agitated patients with Alzheimer’s dementia, buprenorphine for severe suicidal ideation and as an adjunctive treatment in cases of antidepressant nonresponse, effects of prenatal choline supplementation on early-childhood behavior problems, and mechanisms of executive system dysfunction across psychiatric disorders in youths. Articles may be viewed online at ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This month, Deputy Editor Susan K. Schultz, M.D., discusses lurasidone for major depression with mixed features, bitemporal ECT compared with high-dose unilateral ECT given twice a week, neurocircuitry of depression with increased versus decreased appetite, attenuated psychosis syndrome, identification of distinct psychosis biotypes, and comprehensive community care for first-episode psychosis. Articles may be viewed online at ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This month, Deputy Editor Susan K. Schultz, M.D., discusses depression following stroke; cerebral abnormalities in patients with first-episode schizophrenia; risks of poorly monitored ketamine use for depression; long-term outcomes of light therapy versus CBT for seasonal affective disorder; the reproductive safety of second-generation antipsychotics; and the effects of antipsychotic review and nonpharmacological interventions on antipsychotic use, symptoms, and mortality in nursing home residents. Articles may be viewed online at ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This month, Executive Editor Michael Roy discusses the risk of postpartum relapse in bipolar disorder and postpartum psychosis, the relation of pregnant women’s defense mechanisms to later behavior in their toddlers, sequential integration of pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy for depression, the dose-response relationship of SSRIs, the effectiveness of clozapine versus standard antipsychotic treatment for schizophrenia, and the relation of prenatal maternal depression, SSRIs, and benzodiazepines to infant neurobehavioral functioning. Articles may be viewed online at ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This month, Deputy Editor Susan K. Schultz, M.D., discusses a request for abortion by a woman with major depression and psychosis, an update on prescription opioid abuse, and a consideration of questions about MRI findings of neuropathology underlying psychiatric illness. There also is discussion of predicting response to antipsychotic drugs from baseline striatal functional connectivity, the association between obesity and ADHD, and amygdala hyperactivity during autobiographical recall as a possible trait marker of depression. Articles may be viewed online at ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This month, Deputy Editor Susan K. Schultz, M.D., discusses management of alcohol use disorder in patients requiring liver transplant, adding ziprasidone to escitalopram for treatment of depression, attention training for reducing PTSD symptoms, extended-release guanfacine for hyperactivity in autism spectrum disorder, a program for preventing anxiety disorders in offspring of anxious parents, and pregnancy complications following prenatal exposure to SSRIs or maternal psychiatric disorders. Articles may be viewed online at ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This month, Deputy Editor Susan K. Schultz, M.D., discusses psychiatric symptoms in Wilson's disease, interactions between inflammation and depression, circulating miRNA levels in schizophrenia, the relation of smoking status to later schizophrenia, development of posttraumatic stress disorder in Army servicemembers following traumatic brain injury, and working in the Amish culture. Articles may be viewed online at ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This audio program explores the role of ketamine and other NMDA antagonists as treatments for depression, and a replication study of a gene-environment interaction affecting depression risk. A study lasting four decades looked at whether ADHD in adults is a childhood-onset disorder, and another longitudinal study followed up adolescents at clinical high risk of psychosis, to see how many of them actually developed psychosis over the follow-up period. There also is discussion of a clinical trial of citicoline for cocaine dependence in bipolar I disorder. Articles may be viewed online at ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This audio program features a discussion of differential diagnosis of frontotemporal dementia, autoimmune encephalitis in postpartum psychosis, the role of oxytocin in borderline personality disorder, neural correlates of error processing in young people exposed to severe childhood abuse, light therapy versus cognitive-behavioral therapy for seasonal affective disorder, and cognitive enhancement treatment for people with mental illness who do not respond to supported employment. Articles may be viewed online at ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This audio program includes a discussion of the role of the psychiatrist in the collaborative care model, pharmacological management of Lewy body dementia, the relationship of depression subtype to antidepressant response, amygdala activity at rest in paranoid individuals with schizophrenia, and the use of clonidine in opioid abstinence to prolong abstinence and decouple stress from craving in daily life. Articles can be viewed online at ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This audio program explores the diagnostic precursors of bipolar disorder in offspring of bipolar parents, as well as a study examining the intergenerational transmission of anxiety, by looking at the children of twins, and another focusing on separation anxiety disorder in children and adults. Various diagnoses are characterized by impaired response inhibition, and a study is presented of how it relates to neural activation in adolescents with ADHD. Irritability also is a common phenotype, and a longitudinal study tracked the stability of genetic and environmental influences on irritability from childhood to young adulthood. Articles can be viewed online at ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This audio program features a discussion on a pair of research articles on teenage drinking and on a review article on cognitive-behavioral therapy for anxiety disorders in adolescents. There also is discussion regarding psychiatric care during hepatitis C treatment with direct-acting antivirals, the effects of clozapine on working memory, and the combination of citalopram and methylphenidate for geriatric depression. Articles can be viewed online at ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This audio program presents a discussion of diagnostic and clinical challenges of narcissistic personality disorder and of two clinical trials of psychotherapy. One examined interpersonal psychotherapy for PTSD, and the other tested the use of brief cognitive-behavioral therapy to reduce suicide attempts in military personnel with a previous history. An additional article compared the effects of different antidepressants on depressed women and looked at outcomes in the women’s children, while another study examined whether the neuroanatomical aspects of autism spectrum disorder lie on a continuum in the general population. Articles can be viewed online at ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This audio program includes a discussion of a study that used an algorithm to search electronic health records for clinical information relevant to the Research Domain Criteria; an article on predicting the transition from mild cognitive impairment to dementia; a trial on reducing reactivity to alcohol cues in patients with alcohol dependence; a study of the relationship between C-reactive protein and symptoms of PTSD; a trial examining the influences of health coaching for overweight persons with serious mental illness; and an intriguing short essay about correspondence between Charles Darwin and the head gardener at an English mental institution. Articles can be viewed online at ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This audio program includes a discussion of adjustment disorder in a health care worker with Ebola, a case of psychotic symptoms that improved with a gluten-free diet, medication prescribing for first-episode schizophrenia, outcomes for young people at ultra-high risk for psychosis who do not transition to psychotic disorders, possible mechanisms in perimenopausal depression, and change during adolescence in reactivity of the amygdala in relation to stressful life events and family history of depression. Articles can be viewed online at ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This audio program includes a study of postpartum psychosis and mania, a home-visiting intervention for pregnant teenage American Indian mothers, brain patterns underlying learning deficits in autism spectrum disorders, the clusters of genetic variants and clinical features of schizophrenia, the Affordable Care Act and its expansion of insurance for young adults. Articles can be viewed online at ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This audio program includes a discussion of hypercalcemia and hyperparathyroidism during lithium therapy. It also examines ECT for treatment-resistant bipolar depression and for clozapine-resistant schizophrenia; a weight loss intervention for individuals taking antipsychotic medications; an intervention for kindergartners with chronic conduct problems; a clinical trial offering depression care in OB-GYN clinics; and treatment response related to insurance. Articles can be viewed online at ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This audio program includes a discussion of mercury poisoning and its neuropsychiatric presentations and presents a large study that used a new approach to testing the effect of antidepressants on heart rate. Several articles are about biomarkers of psychiatric illness: one identified a combined epigenetic and genetic biomarker for suicide, and another found that a measure of inflammation in depressed patients predicted the outcome of treatment with escitalopram and nortriptyline. Finally, a commentary on biomarkers considers how biological tests can be incorporated into psychiatric diagnostic criteria. Articles can be viewed online at www.ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This audio program explores pulmonary embolism in psychiatric patients, a trial of smoking cessation combining varenicline and bupropion, a trial comparing quetiapine with placebo for treatment of borderline personality disorder, a study of positive traits in co-twins of patients with bipolar disorder, a study evaluating the genetic and environmental contributions to familial recurrence of autism spectrum disorder, and a long-term study of the effectiveness of supported employment for persons with severe mental illness. Articles can be viewed online at www.ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This audio program explores relapse prevention in pediatric depression and the risk of mania or hypomania for patients with bipolar depression taking an antidepressant without a mood stabilizer. The series on global mental health describes a man in Cambodia with seizures, anorexia, and depression. The issue covers adverse neuropsychiatric effects of glucocorticoid medications, the patient-therapist relationship in psychotherapy, and the outcomes of psychodynamic therapy and CBT in social anxiety disorder. Articles can be viewed online at www.ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This audio program presents diagnostic and treatment aspects of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder, predictors of long-term outcome in youths with bipolar disorder, reading ability and elements of impulsivity related to aggression in schizophrenia, a global health review of a woman in Uganda with HIV and major depression, and the connection between schizophrenia and maternal levels of C-reactive protein. Articles can be viewed online at www.ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This audio program presents a case of delirium with manic symptoms in a patient with end-stage COPD, a clinical vignette about a chronically depressed woman in Iran, low dopamine transmission in the prefrontal cortex of people with alcoholism, a test of mindfulness training as a way to increase resilience in Marines before deployment, the influences of maternal and paternal PTSD on epigenetic regulation of the glucocorticoid receptor gene in the offspring of Holocaust survivors, and the ties between the unexpected death of a loved one and psychiatric disorders across the life span. Articles can be viewed online at www.ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This audio program discusses a new tool for screening military veterans to evaluate the risk of violence. One article reviews the care of pregnant women with ADHD, and another one reports on outcomes after in-utero exposure to lithium. Also discussed is the treatment of separation, generalized, and social anxiety disorders in children and adolescents, and two longitudinal studies shed light on the continuity of preschool depression and on adult health and functioning in people who were bullied as children. Articles can be viewed online at www.ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This audio program discusses DSM-5 classification of anxiety and related disorders, antipsychotic use in breast cancer patients, and adult outcomes of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder. Treatment trials for a parental intervention aimed at preventing antisocial personality and family-focused treatment plus medication for adolescents with bipolar disorder are also examined. The issue also looks at Internet-delivered treatment for substance abuse, virtual reality therapy for PTSD in conjunction with either D-cycloserine or alprazolam, and treatment with a synthetic neuro-active steroid via aerosol nasal spray for women with social anxiety disorder. Articles can be viewed online at www.ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This audio program begins with a new section, Perspectives in Global Mental Health, featuring cultural aspects of depression and ideas for global dissemination of psychological treatments. The issue also examines psychological interventions for psychosis, cognitive training, dietary coaching for elderly persons with subsyndromal depressive symptoms, psychiatric symptoms as risk factors for mild cognitive impairment, and how brain development relates to depression onset. Articles can be viewed online at www.ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This audio program offers a commentary on the Research Domain Criteria project by the Director of NIMH. In addition, it reviews liver injury due to antidepressants, head injury as a risk factor for psychiatric disorders, whether women and men differ in the etiology of depression, the effect of cannabis on working memory in adolescent monkeys, whether a genetic polymorphism affected topiramate’s efficacy for reducing alcohol consumption, and a clinical trial of computer-assisted cognitive-behavioral therapy for cocaine-dependent individuals maintained with methadone. Articles can be viewed online at www.ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This audio program reviews psychiatric symptoms in prion disease, emotion dysregulation in ADHD, the effects of fluoxetine on the serotonin transporter in juvenile monkeys, intensive and standard cognitive therapy for PTSD, and schema therapy for personality disorders. Additional studies look at predicting violence in prisoners with schizophrenia convicted of violent crimes, the use of electronic personal health records for patients with serious mental illness and comorbid medical conditions, and the effect on medical care for patients with the electronic records. Articles can be viewed online at www.ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This audio program examines lurasidone treatment of bipolar depression, both as monotherapy and as an adjunct; psychotherapy for bipolar depression related to comorbid anxiety disorders; a computerized method for rating anxiety; genetic, family, and community risk factors for drug abuse; the risk of autoimmune diseases in individuals with a personal or family history of schizophrenia or related psychosis; and how memory is affected by knowing whether one has a gene variant that increases the risk for Alzheimer’s disease. Articles can be viewed online at www.ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This audio program examines the risk of upper gastrointestinal bleeding with short-term use of SSRIs and schizophrenia complicated by hepatitis C and hepatic encephalopathy. It also reports results from a study in which neuropsychological functioning was tracked from childhood to age 38, a study comparing psychoanalytic psychotherapy and CBT for bulimia nervosa, a review of the relation of childhood separation anxiety to adult anxiety disorders, and a review comparing approaches to refractory social anxiety disorder. Articles can be viewed online at www.ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This audio program introduces the DSM-5 diagnosis of somatic symptom disorder, considers a case of psychological vulnerability to persistent amnesia following anesthesia, analyzes the neuropsychiatric events in people taking varenicline to quit smoking, and reports a large study of drug-induced long QT interval in psychiatric patients. Another article describes a program to encourage paid employment for SSDI recipients with mental illness, and a long-term follow-up of a population cohort reveals retinal vascular abnormalities in people with schizophrenia. Articles can be viewed online at www.ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This audio program includes an overview of the DSM-5 diagnoses for eating disorders, a report on brain activation in patients with panic disorder who do and don’t respond to cognitive-behavioral therapy, changes in lamotrigine dose for pregnant patients with bipolar disorder, and recommendations for use of antidepressants in bipolar disorder. Articles can be viewed online at www.ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This audio program includes a case of folie à deux and infanticide, the DSM-5 changes in sleep disorder classification, and new research on ketamine for treatment-resistant depression. Two reports explore brain structure and functioning in patients with eating disorders. Additional studies examine neural mechanisms of frustration in chronically irritable children and the role of oxytocin in mental illness and its treatment. One study looked at the effect of oxytocin on social threat hypersensitivity in women with borderline personality disorder. Another one analyzed how oxytocin moderates the relationship between maternal depression and child mental health. Articles can be viewed online at www.ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This audio program examines relationships between violence and mental illness. This issue looks at psychiatric characteristics of homicide defendants, differences in mental illness between gang members and other men with violent behavior, and aggression in a child with Asperger’s disorder. It also features a study of the relationship between firearms availability and suicide risk, a trial of prazosin for treatment of nightmares in combat-related PTSD, a study comparing cognitive-behavioral therapy and short-term psychodynamic therapy for depression, and a long-term study on the effects of antipsychotics in Alzheimer’s disease. Articles can be viewed online at www.ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This audio program contains articles on changes to substance use disorders for DSM-5, adaptive treatment for smoking cessation, the efficacy of functional remediation for patients with bipolar disorder, and a longitudinal study on visual orienting, white matter microstructure, and a later diagnosis of autism. A Treatment in Psychiatry features emotion regulation in adolescents with nonsuicidal self-injury, and a 20-year follow-up study of girls and women with eating disorders looks at the timing of premature death. Articles can be viewed online at www.ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This audio program contains articles on the behavioral treatment of insomnia in bipolar disorder, the relation of childhood trauma to psychotic experiences, comparing psychodynamic therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for social anxiety disorder, augmenting antidepressant treatment with CBT for generalized anxiety disorder in older adults, and late-onset agoraphobia in a population study that identified new cases of agoraphobia over 4 years in the elderly. Articles can be viewed online at www.ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This audio program contains several articles on the treatment of depression. It examines brain tissue loss in schizophrenia and brain changes in women with childhood histories of sexual and emotional abuse. One perspective article details how advanced paternal age could contribute to neurodevelopmental disorders, a commentary describes the DSM-5 section on neurocognitive disorders, and the Treatment in Psychiatry article describes how to handle psychiatric issues related to interferon treatment. Articles can be viewed online at www.ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This audio program contains recommendations for treating loss of libido in women with schizophrenia, a discussion of why anorexia nervosa is so persistent, how media reports of mass shootings affect attitudes toward gun control and people with serious mental illness, how taking antidepressants during pregnancy affects offspring, the growth rates of infants whose mothers took antidepressants during pregnancy, an examination of methylation changes in the brains of people who died by suicide, and a major survey on fatigue in adolescents. Articles can be viewed online at www.ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This audio program contains discussions of white blood cell monitoring for patients taking clozapine, sleep disturbances in PTSD, addiction-related disorders following mild TBI, the effect of a vaccine on nicotine binding to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the brain, mood and behavior in premenopausal women in whom hypogonadism was induced pharmacologically, and a clinical trial that compared the effectiveness of depression treatment administered in person and through telemedicine. Articles can be viewed online at www.ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This audio program contains tips on using telepsychiatry and guidelines for monitoring metabolic abnormalities in bipolar disorder. It also features research on nonpharmacological interventions for ADHD, the effect of perinatal choline on a surrogate marker of schizophrenia in infants, and dorsolateral prefrontal functioning in premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Articles can be viewed online at www.ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This audio program contains research that considers clozapine as a first-line treatment for schizophrenia, a recently developed scale for negative symptoms, the new DSM-5 diagnosis disruptive mood dysregulation disorder, the effects of mental health parity in the Federal Employees Health Benefits Program, and a surprising finding on successful aging. Articles can be viewed online at www.ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This audio program contains a group of articles on the design and results of the DSM-5 field trials with the study of test-retest reliability for selected diagnoses, treating depression during pregnancy, a new therapeutic target for comorbid mood and substance use disorders, a comparative effectiveness trial of optimized personalized treatment with and without lithium, and the effect of contingency management for stimulant use in patients with co-occurring serious mental illness. Articles can be viewed online at www.ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This audio program discusses a meta-analysis of family-genetic studies on comorbidity between ADHD and bipolar disorder, an imaging study about white matter abnormalities in veterans with mild traumatic brain injury, a clinical trial of L-methylfolate as adjunctive therapy for SSRI antidepressants, and electroconvulsive therapy for refractory depression. The Journal editors also identify articles published this year that they consider especially important. Articles can be viewed online at www.ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This audio program discusses how ketamine creates its rapid antidepressant effect, skin-picking disorder, the IQ and behavioral problems in children of mothers who took antidepressants during pregnancy comparing them with children whose mothers were depressed but untreated and with children of nondepressed mothers, psychopathology in adolescent offspring of parents with panic disorder or depression, and the continuity of psychiatric disorders between ages 3 and 6. Articles can be viewed online at www.ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This audio program discusses a modified approach to bulimia nervosa for patients who are overweight, the role of medical comorbidity and the interaction of NSAIDs and antidepressants, the sensitivity and specificity of the proposed DSM-5 criteria for autism spectrum disorder, a meta-analysis of ADHD to clarify affected neural systems instead of individual regions, and a functional brain imaging study of patients with OCD and their siblings to identify a shared biological characteristic to serve as a marker of OCD. Articles can be viewed online at www.ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This audio program discusses the relationship between mental disorders and unpredictability during gestation and the early postnatal period, changes in adult defense mechanisms during dynamic psychotherapy, using creatine monohydrate to augment citalopram for depressed women, Alzheimer-related genes on the trajectory of cognitive decline, managing safety concerns when using atypical antipsychotics for patients with dementia, and interventions for family caregivers that can reduce behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia patients in the community. Articles can be viewed online at www.ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This audio program discusses integrated treatment for PTSD and comorbid alcohol dependence in an Iraq veteran, an analysis of mental illness coverage in health insurance exchanges, treating schizophrenia with combined cognitive remediation and functional skills training and treating hallucinations with transcranial direct-current stimulation, and how smoking cessation is affected by the interplay of genetic risk factors and treatment type. Articles can be viewed online at www.ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This audio program discusses chronic care models for mental health conditions, an over-the-counter antioxidant for treating cannabis dependence in adolescents, deep brain stimulation of the anteromedial globus pallidus interna for the treatment of severe Tourette’s syndrome, adding metformin in the treatment of women with antipsychotic-induced amenorrhea and weight gain, occupational psychiatry and the Fukushima nuclear disaster, and the relationship between childhood malnutrition and schizotypal characteristics in adulthood. Articles can be viewed online at www.ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This audio program discusses medical marijuana and the role of physicians, an outbreak of tuberculosis among mentally ill patients, a review article on intermittent explosive disorder, the neurodevelopment of children with autism, pharmacologic regimens for women at high risk of postpartum psychosis or mania, and a 2 year follow-up study comparing outcomes for borderline personality disorder patients who received dialectical behavior therapy and those who received general psychiatric management. Articles can be viewed online at www.ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This audio program discusses premenstrual dysphoric disorder and its case for inclusion in DSM-5; long-term outcomes for symptoms and suicidal behaviors in borderline personality disorder; suicidal phenomena and other neuropsychiatric disorders in primary care patients taking glucocorticoids; a clinical trial for treatment of polydrug dependence that tested a naltrexone implant in patients using both heroin and amphetamine; and neural network functional connectivity during and after an episode of delirium. Articles can be viewed online at www.ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This audio program discusses postpartum obsessions and compulsions; a new perspective on anhedonia in schizophrenia; the perception of emotion in schizophrenia; functional outcomes of psychosis; brain activity in depressed adolescents before and after fluoxetine treatment; and neural responses to stress and drug cues in men and women with cocaine dependence. Articles can be viewed online at www.ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This audio program discusses whether striatal dopamine transporter abnormalities are part of ADHD or a response to medication; the effect of gastric bypass on the pharmacokinetics of antidepressants; use of fluoxetine to treat repetitive behaviors in adults with autism spectrum disorders; a new approach to the diagnosis of personality pathology; the relationship between suicidal behavior and anticonvulsants prescribed for bipolar disorder; a link between cerebral emboli and accelerated cognitive decline in patients with dementia. Articles can be viewed online at www.ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This audio program discusses abnormal thyroid function tests in psychiatric patients; persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn and its relation to serotonin reuptake inhibitors; the relationship of childhood maltreatment to both the course of depression and to treatment outcome; the response of the striatum to both negative and positive stimuli in depressed patients; and research on ADHD medications--their change in use over a 12-year period and their cardiovascular effects. Articles can be viewed online at www.ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This audio program discusses Oregon’s experience with insurance parity for mental illness, links between behaviors during adolescence and mental health outcomes, a comparison of mortality risks from different antipsychotics given to patients with dementia, treatment for PTSD related to the World Trade Center attacks, and the relationship between religiosity and depression in the offspring of depressed parents. Articles can be viewed online at www.ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This audio program discusses a project in China that introduced psychiatry to thousands of rural physicians; how disorders of fear extinction could be used as a model for anxiety disorders; the validity of the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale; the connection between age at immigration and the future risk of psychotic disorders; and the relationship of childhood trauma to psychosis across different types of genetic risk, psychopathology, and trauma. Articles can be viewed online at www.ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This audio program discusses a successful clozapine re-challenge after previous treatment that led to eosinophilia; a meta-analysis of gray matter volume in ADHD that explored the effects of age and stimulant medication; a 16-year study on the relationship of inattention and hyperactivity trajectories to graduation from high school; a long-term study that followed first-admission patients with psychosis to determine diagnostic stability over the next decade; an intervention providing medical care management to persons with serious mental disorders that was also tracked over time, in terms of clinical outcomes and costs; and a study of mood disorders that analyzed episodes in more than 2,000 pregnancies and postpartum periods. Articles can be viewed online at www.ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This audio program discusses a study showing that alcohol consumption is affected by the interaction of psychosocial stress and a gene involved in circadian rhythm; a treatment article discussing safety considerations for T3 augmentation of antidepressants; a comparison of lithium and valproate for preventing suicidal behavior among bipolar patients with previous suicide attempts; nationwide trends in antipsychotic use for anxiety disorders; and a trial of CBT for depression in Parkinson’s disease. Articles can be viewed online at www.ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This audio program discusses the relationship between nearly 100 candidate genes and 12 endophenotypes for schizophrenia; the metabolic effects of switching from olanzapine, quetiapine, or risperidone to aripiprazole; the role of genetics in posttraumatic stress disorder; the relationship between depressive symptoms and inflammation in patients with coronary heart disease; a research article reporting a surprisingly high prevalence of autism spectrum disorder in a total population sample; and a clinical case conference about a suicidal man with an unexpected diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder. Articles can be viewed online at www.ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This audio program discusses psychiatric complications of medical marijuana; linkage of depression to a region on chromosome 3; cognitive effects of antipsychotics in demented patients; the relationship of schizophrenia to Toxoplasma gondii and to herpes simplex, type 1; the relationship between cognition and functioning in young people at high risk for psychosis; and outcomes of young people at high risk for psychosis who do not become psychotic. Articles can be viewed online at www.ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This audio program discusses combining medications for depression; switching from polypharmacy to monotherapy for schizophrenia; combining gabapentin with naltrexone for alcohol dependence; treatments for refractory depression in older patients; the balance between habit formation and goal-directed behavior displayed by obsessive-compulsive disorder patients as they perform an instrumental learning exercise; and the ability of soldiers’ visual fixation on emotional stimuli to predict PTSD and depressive symptoms after deployment. Articles can be viewed online at www.ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This audio program discusses the relationship between remission of depression in mothers and psychiatric symptoms in their children; brain structure in childhood- versus adolescent-onset conduct disorder; an apparent case of postpartum psychosis that turned out to be a late-onset urea cycle disorder; how stress affects decision making in patients who’ve been abstinent from heroin; ADHD and deficient emotional self-regulation; early outcomes for first-episode schizophrenia treated with oral or depot antipsychotics; and clarifying the use of interpersonal psychotherapy for major depressive disorder. Articles can be viewed online at www.ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This audio program discusses treatment for dependence on prescription painkillers; the effect of national health insurance reform on coverage of individuals with severe mental illnesses; predictors of suicide attempts and nonsuicidal self-injury in depressed adolescents; long-term follow-up of deep brain stimulation for treatment-resistant depression; the association of antidepressants with stroke. Articles can be viewed online at www.ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This audio program discusses repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for depression; nicotine replacement for agitation in schizophrenia patients who smoke; outcomes of mental health screening of soldiers before deployment; a functionally relevant measure in clinical trials of drugs to improve cognition in schizophrenia. Articles can be viewed online at www.ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This audio program discusses the outcome of risperidone nonadherence in early schizophrenia, a pharmacogenetic approach to treatment for alcohol dependence, the relationship of personality disorders to the course of depression, and new perspectives on the neural processing of emotion in schizophrenia. Articles can be viewed online at www.ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This audio program discusses severe mood dysregulation and bipolar disorder in children; a longitudinal study of cortical development in children with varying degrees of hyperactivity; whether gray matter volume in adults being treated for alcohol dependence is related to the time until relapse; a schizophrenia study comparing mortality rates for ziprasidone and olanzapine; use of technology to obtain real-time assessments of symptoms and substance use in schizophrenia patients. Articles can be viewed online at www.ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This audio program discusses a follow-up investigation of patients with major depression over intervals as long as 31 years to determine whether subclinical hypomanic symptoms at baseline were related to the later emergence of bipolar disorder; a 7-year study examining whether children who experience abuse, bullying, or accidents are more likely to develop psychotic symptoms; baseline number of glucocorticoid receptors as a possible biomarker of posttraumatic stress symptoms, tested in military personnel with and without high levels of PTSD symptoms after 6 months of deployment; a further examination of the association between suicide and high altitude that included the influence of gun ownership and rural location; and whether the relationship between paternal age and schizophrenia risk is the result of de novo mutations or later fatherhood for men with a predisposition to schizophrenia. Articles can be viewed online at www.ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This audio program discusses deep brain stimulation for treatment of depression; personalized medicine for depression; national trends in outpatient psychotherapy; the relationship of childhood bullying to outcomes in young adulthood; and an intervention for parents of young children with behavioral inhibition to alter the risk of subsequent anxiety disorders. Articles can be viewed online at www.ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This audio program discusses public perceptions of mental illness, research on the neural circuitry of postpartum depression, the genetics of autism, and psychotherapy for older adults with major depression and executive dysfunction. Articles can be viewed online at www.ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This audio program discusses delirium in infants in critical care settings; a study of suicidal women with borderline personality disorder comparing subgroups with and without PTSD; subthreshold hypomania in major depressive disorder patients; effect of hypertension and body mass index on cognition in schizophrenia; and the relationship of antidepressant step therapy to overall medical utilization and spending. Articles can be viewed online at www.ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This audio program discusses psychiatric manifestations of paraneoplastic disorders; prenatal and neonatal brain structure in children at high risk for schizophrenia; prediction of psychosis by negative and disorganized symptoms in adolescents and young adults; and how histamine-related genes influence the effects of food additives on children’s ADHD symptoms. Articles can be viewed online at www.ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This audio program discusses two-phase psychotherapy for PTSD related to childhood abuse, rapid versus gradual discontinuation of antidepressants, augmentation of antidepressants with SAMe, and endogenous opioid function in borderline personality disorder. Articles can be viewed online at www.ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This audio program discusses the clinical case of a patient with both psychotic and obsessive-compulsive symptoms; the treatment of adolescent depression including 24-week outcomes of the TORDIA study; use of long-term fluoxetine versus lithium for relapse prevention in bipolar II disorder patients; the rationale and features of the Research Domain Criteria, a proposed framework for research on pathophysiology to inform future schemes for classification of mental disorders. Articles can be viewed online at www.ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This audio program discusses the use of medications for three different types of alcohol dependence; a clinical trial of treatment for comorbid alcohol dependence and depression in which the combination of sertraline and naltrexone was compared with the individual drugs and placebo; a trial of risperidone for maintenance treatment of schizophrenia; recommendations for antipsychotic dosing based on international expert consensus; a 10-year prospective study that tracked remission and recovery from borderline personality disorder in a group of hospitalized patients; a review of the evidence for a dissociative subtype of posttraumatic stress disorder. Articles can be viewed online at www.ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This audio program discusses a long-term study examining how the depressive state affects the assessment of personality disorder; the pharmacogenetics of antidepressant response; the association between depression and incident diabetes; how brain activity of patients with generalized anxiety disorder reacts to emotional conflict; and the neuropsychiatric aspects of lupus in a patient case that also involved erotomania and the Geschwind syndrome. Articles can be viewed online at www.ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This audio program discusses a study on structural abnormalities of the thalamus in youth with ADHD, along with an editorial about neuroanatomic findings for the disorder; an 11-year longitudinal study of adult outcomes for girls with ADHD; a study demonstrating that variation in a proto-oncogene is associated with schizophrenia and general cognitive ability; the relationship between neurocognitive functioning and schizophrenia in African Americans. Articles can be viewed online at www.ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This audio program discusses a case in which a patient attacked a resident to illustrate diagnostic, assessment, and treatment considerations in dealing with violent patients; a clinical trial that compared fluoxetine monotherapy and three combinations of mirtazapine and other antidepressants; recovery from bipolar depression, specifically the impact of substance use disorders; the effect of modafinil on sleep in chronic cocaine users; psychiatric conditions following traumatic injury. Articles can be viewed online at www.ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This audio program discusses the case of a young woman with catatonia who was treated with ECT; the results of a clinical trial that examined an intervention designed to improve provision of primary medical care for patients in community mental health settings; the results of a clinical trial that compared several doses of long-acting injectable olanzapine for maintenance treatment of patients with schizophrenia; a 30-year prospective study of a New Zealand birth cohort that was able to create a timeline of cognitive deficits during the childhood and early adolescence of subjects who later developed schizophrenia; a long-term study that compared the suicide rates of people with HIV in the years before and after the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy; a genetic study that found a relationship between suicidal events and two polymorphisms of a gene affecting the HPA axis in adolescents being treated for depression. Articles can be viewed online at www.ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This audio program discusses the successful treatment of persistent methamphetamine-induced psychosis with electroconvulsive therapy; using functional MRI to differentiate activation of the amygdala in children with ADHD, bipolar disorder, and severe mood dysregulation; a longitudinal study finding criminality at age 23 to be related to poor fear conditioning at age 3; a long-term study showing that having a mother who experienced depressed mood during pregnancy increases the risk of schizophrenia in offspring with a family history of psychosis; and a clinical trial of integrated treatment for PTSD and substance use that tracked the temporal relationship of improvement in the two conditions. Articles can be viewed online at www.ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This audio program discusses cultural aspects of pathological gambling treatment for a woman whose beliefs about gambling are tied to her Haitian background; a longitudinal study of mortality rates for eating disorders that in addition to anorexia nervosa also included bulimia nervosa and diagnoses of “eating disorders not otherwise specified,” which are sometimes considered less severe; predicting depression in the elderly through analyses that identified high-risk individuals for whom prevention was likely to have the greatest health benefit with the lowest implementation burden; a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical treatment trial of adjunctive divalproex for persistent aggressive behavior in children with ADHD following an initial optimized stimulant regimen. Articles can be viewed online at www.ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This audio program discusses bipolar II postpartum depression; whether a collaborative care program for veterans with bipolar disorder increased adherence to treatment guidelines over 3 years; how the design of the CATIE study affects the clinical interpretations that can be made; the relationship between neighborhood characteristics and outcomes for dually diagnosed patients; a clinical trial of vigabatrin for cocaine dependence and the ethical issues encountered in the trial. Articles can be viewed online at www.ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This audio program discusses take-home messages from the Treatment for Adolescents with Depression Study; change in negative affective bias in depressed patients after one subtherapeutic dose of an antidepressant; association between the familial aggregation of suicide and cluster B personality traits; associations among suicide attempts, gender, and sexual abuse; and a national survey of at-risk and binge drinking among middle-aged and elderly adults. Articles can be viewed online at www.ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This audio program discusses the treatment of depression in preschool children; the relationship between sudden death and use of stimulant medications in youths; long-term benefits from a short-term quality improvement intervention for depressed youth in primary care; identifying genes that may be relevant to major depression via an overlap between two species in altered gene expression in the anterior cingulate cortex and amygdala; the interaction between family history and prenatal exposure to infection in the causation of schizophrenia; association of substance use disorders with childhood trauma, but not with African genetic heritage, in an African American cohort. Articles can be viewed online at www.ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This audio program discusses a successful repeat trial of ECT 2 months after an earlier ECT series induced left ventricle cardiomyopathy; manualized short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy versus CBT in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder; a long-term study differentiating youths with persistent conduct problems from those whose disorder is limited to childhood; an intervention for reducing suicidal ideation and depression in older primary care patients; the relationship between autistic traits in neurotypical adults and functional connectivity in a brain region commonly implicated in social cognition. Articles can be viewed online at www.ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This audio program discusses compulsive checking as part of PTSD in veterans of the Iraq and Afghanistan wars; a new foster care network in Bucharest, Romania; the effects of bereavement 21 months after the sudden death of a parent; the 4-year course of bipolar disorder in children and adolescents; an auditory training program designed to improve verbal memory in patients with schizophrenia; and a postmortem analysis differentiating the expression of type 2 and type 3 metabotropic glutamate receptors in the brain to clarify an agonist’s antipsychotic action. Articles can be viewed online at www.ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This audio program discusses cognitive complaints and depression following mild traumatic brain injury; cognitive effects of antipsychotic drugs in first-episode patients; the relationship between prenatal infection and executive dysfunction in adults with schizophrenia; activity in the basal ganglia of depressed patients during the anticipatory and consummatory phases of reward processing; whether inhibitory control can be used as a trait marker of ADHD; and a comparison of extended-release paliperidone with quetiapine and placebo for schizophrenia patients requiring hospitalization. Articles can be viewed online at www.ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This audio program discusses dynamic psychotherapy for borderline personality disorder; how both major depression and antidepressant treatment affect pregnancy and neonatal outcomes; delusions in the general population; the effect of second-generation antipsychotics on patients with Alzheimer’s disease; and the risk of diabetes mellitus after long-term use of antidepressants. Articles can be viewed online at www.ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This audio program discusses treatment of postpartum psychosis; predictors of suicidal events among depressed adolescents receiving antidepressant treatment after an unsuccessful trial of an SSRI; whether clinicians can recognize DSM-IV personality disorders from case descriptions based on the Five-Factor Model of personality; a genome-wide scan of families with Mexican or Central American ancestry that identified two new loci likely to harbor genes that carry a predisposition for schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder; the isolation of a risk allele associated with schizophrenia; and the relationship between neural habituation in the amygdala and social impairments in autism spectrum disorders. Articles can be viewed online at www.ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This audio program discusses the psychiatric evaluation and follow-up of patients receiving bariatric surgery; a clinical trial of CBT for patients with a variety of eating disorder diagnoses; a study that measured anticipatory activation in the amygdala and anterior cingulate of untreated patients with generalized anxiety disorder with posttreatment examination of the relationship of this activation to treatment response; a study on obsessions and compulsions in the general population from following members of a birth cohort until age 32; the connections between the use of SSRI antidepressants during pregnancy and the risk of gestational hypertension; the ramifications of giving placebo to depressed adolescents in clinical trials. Articles can be viewed online at www.ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This audio program discusses factors related to the emergence of mania during antidepressant treatment for bipolar depression; manic symptoms observed during bipolar depression among STEP-BD participants; the attitude of older adults toward enrollment of noncompetent subjects in Alzheimer’s disease research; the association between cerebral deficits and clinical symptoms in antipsychotic-naive, first-episode schizophrenia patients; whether altered amygdala activity in schizophrenia is related to clinical state or to genetic risk; brain structure in schizophrenia patients with relatively intact cognitive functioning; and an odor-detection sensitivity deficit in patients with schizophrenia and its implications for cyclic AMP signaling. Articles can be viewed online at www.ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This audio program discusses treatment of children for whom the differential diagnosis includes bipolar disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; placebo response in antidepressant trials for children; a longitudinal study comparing cortical thickness in patients with ADHD who took stimulants, patients who didn’t take stimulants, and normally developing youths; an examination of the volume and shape of the basal ganglia in ADHD conducted with large-deformation diffeomorphic metric mapping; a study of disorder-specific brain dysfunction in boys with ADHD only and boys with conduct disorder only; and a report on repeat incarcerations for prisoners with serious mental illness. Articles can be viewed online at www.ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This audio program includes a Treatment in Psychiatry feature that focuses on prison inmates with ADHD; the association between sleep disturbance and the recurrence of depression among older adults; melatonin circadian rhythms in pregnancy and the postpartum period among depressed women and those with a personal or family history of depression; effect of interpersonal and social rhythm therapy on occupational functioning for patients with bipolar disorder; trauma, resilience, and recovery in a high-risk African American population; association between reading skills in the general population and a gene for dyslexia; and deficits in GABA markers in schizophrenia. Articles can be viewed online at www.ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This audio program features the role of culture in psychodynamic psychotherapy; two clinical trials of antipsychotic medications for children and adolescents; a clinical trial of naltrexone in the treatment of amphetamine dependence; a diagnostic study that identified differences and similarities between depression following bereavement and depression associated with other stressful life events; and an analysis indicating that cognitive function in older adults is influenced by the interaction between cortisol and the genotype for apolipoprotein E. Articles can be viewed online at www.ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This audio program features a discussion of drug treatment of breast cancer and depression; highlights a study in which olanzapine was used to treat low body weight and obsessive thinking in women with anorexia nervosa; examines whether compulsive hoarding is a symptom of OCD, a distinct syndrome, or both; discusses a clinical trial of adjunctive aripiprazole for bipolar mania patients partially nonresponsive to valproate or lithium monotherapy; and compares two sets of criteria for diagnosing PTSD in children exposed to motor vehicle accidents. Articles can be viewed online at www.ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This audio program highlights the treatment of body dysmorphic disorder, three articles on the effect of parental mood disorders--and their treatment--on child psychopathology outcomes, risk for nicotine dependence, remission from alcohol dependence, and a genome screen for quantitative trait loci influencing schizophrenia and neurocognitive phenotypes. Articles can be viewed online at www.ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This audio program presents the diagnosis and treatment of Asberger’s syndrome, new treatments for schizophrenia, the pharmacokinetics of aripiprazole, the relationship of cognition and psychopathology to functional impairment in schizophrenia, brain anatomy comparisons of first-episode and chronic schizophrenia, and new evidence of frontal lobe dysfunction in schizophrenia. Articles can be viewed online at www.ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This audio program presents a case discussing the resumption of clozapine treatment after development of neutropenia, antipsychotic treatment of Alzheimer’s disease symptoms, a treatment decision tree for depression in elderly patients, and a possible physiologic marker of panic disorder. Articles can be viewed online at www.ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This audio program presents a clinical case conference describing the use of deep brain stimulation after a cingulotomy had provided only short-term benefit; highlights a report on the economic impact of mental disorders in the United States; features an imaging study of the amygdala in adolescents with disruptive behavior disorders who also exhibit callous and unemotional traits; presents a direct comparison of atomoxetine and methylphenidate for treating attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; and describes a large study linking greater memory impairment to a longer history of past depression. Articles can be viewed online at www.ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This audio program summarizes a clinical case illustrating the interactions between depression and comorbid chronic illnesses as well as new research on the cost-effectiveness of treatments for adolescent depression, the relationship between childhood treatment for ADHD and later substance abuse, long-term treatment of patients with borderline personality disorder, and the effect of race in facial processing by African American and Caucasian individuals with schizophrenia. Articles can be viewed online at www.ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This audio program summarizes how to teach supportive psychotherapy; continuation treatment with fluoxetine in treatment-responsive children and adolescents; a group treatment program for borderline personality disorder; regional expression of GABA-related genetic transcripts in the neocortex of schizophrenia patients; the relationship between cannabis use and loss of brain volume in schizophrenia; and the association of nicotine dependence with low dopamine D2 receptor availability in the striatum. Articles can be viewed online at www.ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This audio program summarizes research on depressed adolescents at high risk of suicidal behavior; adding D-cycloserine to behavior therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder; treatment outcome for patients with anxious depression; the addition of the diabetes drug metformin to olanzapine to prevent weight gain in first-episode patients; the course of rapid-cycling bipolar disorder; and the effect of methadone on brain responses to drug-related cues. Articles can be viewed online at www.ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This audio program summarizes research on violence risk assessment, the MATRICS initiative from NIMH, the symptom presentation of OCD in Japan, and deciphering the societal cost impact of managed care in Medicaid. Articles can be viewed online at www.ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This audio program summarizes research on perimenopausal depression; disruption of mental health treatments after Hurricane Katrina; the clinical practice effects of an FDA advisory; environmental factors and the development of schizophrenia; and familial transmission patterns of ADHD and substance use disorders. Articles can be viewed online at www.ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This audio program summarizes articles discussing anorexia nervosa; bipolar disorder recurrence risk during pregnancy following mood stabilizer discontinuation; inhibitory brain function in borderline personality disorder; serotonin transporter binding after recovery from depression; and the relationship between major depression and depressive personality disorder. Articles can be viewed online at www.ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This audio program summarizes articles discussing chronic restlessness with antipsychotics; the relationship between childhood psychiatric disorders and crime by young adults; an Internet-based treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder; and OxyContin addiction.. Articles can be viewed online at www.ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This audio program summarizes articles discussing management of psychosis in Parkinson’s disease; maternal depression before, during, and after pregnancy; genetic markers of suicidal ideation emerging during antidepressant treatment; and treatment of adolescents with bipolar mania. Articles can be viewed online at www.ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This audio program summarizes articles discussing clinically important findings from NIMH on bipolar depression treatment, the relationship between depression and heart disease, and differences in PTSD prevalence and associated risk factors among World Trade Center disaster rescue and recovery workers. Articles can be viewed online at www.ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This audio program summarizes articles discussing 1) whether Spanish-speaking Latinos in the U.S. differ from English-speaking Latinos and Caucasians in the use of mental health services; 2) two articles from the NIMH STAR*D study that report on a genetic association with treatment outcome and predictors of attrition during initial citalopram treatment; 3) the effects of antidepressant treatment and depression in pregnant women on the gestational age at birth and the risk of preterm birth; and 4) the testing of a narcolepsy drug (modafinil) as an adjunctive treatment for bipolar depression. Articles may be viewed online at www.ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This audio program summarizes articles on the association between antidepressants and suicide; evidence of linkage between bipolar puerperal psychosis and chromosome 16; an association between the human PICK1 gene and methamphetamine psychosis; and several articles on schizophrenia, two of which describe white matter abnormalities. Articles may be viewed online at www.ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This audio program summarizes articles discussing the treatment of depression; factors that influence Alzheimer’s disease; psychotherapy and borderline personality disorder; and the prevalence, diagnosis, pathophysiology, and treatment of neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Articles may be viewed online at www.ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This audio program summarizes articles on interpersonal psychotherapy; cognitive therapy in the STAR*D study; psychiatric sequelae of traumatic brain injury; treatment for heroin dependence; and endophenotypes for schizophrenia. Articles may be viewed online at www.ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This audio program summarizes articles on outcomes for bipolar adolescents; neurobiological markers for major depression; lifting the veil on trichotillomania; and genetic etiology of pervasive development disorders. Articles may be viewed online at www.ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This audio program summarizes articles on schizophrenia from various perspectives - from neurophysiology to functional treatment outcomes. Articles may be viewed online at www.ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This audio program summarizes articles on the biological legacy of the Oklahoma City bombing; genetics of mood disorders; tobacco dependence treatment in schizophrenia; and treatment of anxiety disorders. Articles may be viewed online at www.ajp.psychiatryonline.org.

This audio program summarizes articles on cost of treatment for adolescents with mental illness; addiction, impulsivity, and risk-taking; and cognitive behavior therapy for co-occurring bipolar disorder and substance dependence, hypochondriasis, and posttraumatic stress disorder. Articles may be viewed online at www.ajp.psychiatryonline.org.