Quantitude

In this week’s episode, Patrick and Greg play with some of the basics of probability in the context of some classic, fun, and often counterintuitive examples.  Along the way they also discuss arguments with relatives, a feel for the roulette wheel, Xeroxing your butt, “The coin has spoken.”, Quantitude BooqQlub, the Bellagio Fountains, Clooney and Pitt look-alikes, the Flippier, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, Monty Hall, Ferraris and goats, the birthday problem, how to carve an elephant, and pick-6 lotteries. 

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In this week's episode Greg and Patrick are honored to visit with Yi Feng, a quantitative methodologist at UCLA, as she helps them understand classification and regression tree analysis. She describes the various ways in which these models can be used, and how these can serve to inform both prediction and explanation. Along the way they also discuss looking pensive, drunken 3-way interactions, Stephen Hawking, parlor tricks, Cartman, validation, dragon boats, anxiety, spam filters, hair loss, audio visualizations, overused tree analogies, rainbows & unicorns, rain in Los Angeles, and Moneyball.

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In this week's episode Greg and Patrick talk about Simpson’s Paradox: what it is, examples of where it occurs in real life, and why we might not really need to think about it as a paradox at all.  Along the way they also discuss Apple Vision, The Simpsons predicting the future, sitting too close to the TV, low levels of radiation, Paul the octopus, Blinky, shtuff, duck duck duck, Jonathan the tortoise, batting averages, bad at fractions, Cal Berkeley admissions, GDP and happiness, exercise and heart attacks, and Double Super Secret whatever.

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In this week's episode Greg and Patrick take a walk down memory lane to rediscover classical test theory,  although they revisit this through the lens of modern latent variable models. They describe how these classical methods are actually highly restricted latent measurement models and they explore how these restrictions can be relaxed and even tested. Along the way they also discuss weird dates, free Tupperware, yellow fatty beans, advice cookies, in bed, scalloped tiles, scales at NASA, important footnotes, working in your garden, being buck naked, Dark Side of the Moon, squarshing, deserving variance, and when the cops show up.

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In this week's episode Patrick and Greg launch a new occasional series called Stuff You Should Know. The topic for today is regression to the mean: what the heck is it, how does it arise in every day life, and what can we do about it. Along the way they also discuss the space-time continuum, Kai Ryssdal, inflation, witches of MacBeth, the hidden curriculum, oh dang, sh*t (ummm...STUFF) you should know, SAT prep courses, the triumph of mediocrity, angstroms, blobs. reinventing history, and being patronizing. 

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In this week's episode Greg and Patrick talk about confidence intervals: symmetric and asymmetric, asymptotic and bootstrapped, how to interpret them, and how not to interpret them. Along the way they also mention tire pressure gauge mysteries, conference travel reimbursement, phases of the moon, gyroscopic effects, baseball walk-of-shame, why people hate us, settling out of court, confidence tricks, Mack JcArdle, Shakespearean means, lipstick on a pig, the cat rating scale, the Miller's Tale, hot pokers, inverse hyperbolic tangents (duh), and Quantitude out-takes. 

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In this week's episode Patrick and Greg have great fun talking about meta-analysis with Paschal Sheeran, a social psychologist from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. He describes what meta-analysis is, what it offers, and how to apply it in your own work. Along the way they also discuss taking off into the north vs the south, flipping people off, being subtle, metaphysics, say my name, most effective tactic available, fleeing Ireland, struggling to fit in, falling off a bus, taking the piss out of your own work, opposable thumbs, descriptive descriptions, sleepwalking reviewers, the wild west, the importance of cake, living the dream, and the five stages of meta-analysis. 

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In this week's episode, marking the fifth Quantitude Holiday Celebration, Greg and Patrick argue about their favorite holiday movies, including whether Die Hard counts as one or not; they then proceed to discuss several statistical ideas that also seem to Die Hard. Along the way they talk about so much gibberish that we don't even bother listing it here.

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In this week's episode Greg and Patrick explore alternative parameterizations of the SEM-based latent curve model to capture various forms of nonlinearity, some that are approximations and others that are exact. Along the way they also discuss Swifties, remastering your life, bull testicles, the world's worst RA job, Yerkes-Dodson law, show a little ankle, the St. Louis Arch, bachelorette parties, deck screws, DIY-ing a model, being a little too quiet, complete nonsense, blasting your pecs, haters gonna hate, the worst day ever, Frankenspline's monster, being left off at the third floor, and looking for a new cohost. 

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In today’s episode Greg and Patrick talk about regularization, which includes ridge, LASSO, and elastic net procedures for variable selection within the general linear model and beyond. Along the way they also mention Bowdlerizing, The Family Shakespeare, disturbance in the force, McNeish on his bike, Spandex, C’mon guys wait up, the altar of unbiasedness, Curranizing, shooting arrows, stepwise goat rodeo, volume knobs, Hancockizing, always angry, getting slapped, betting a chicken, mission from God, hypothetico-deductive porpoising, and letting go of truth (which you can’t handle anyway).

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In today’s episode, Greg and Patrick dig into Confirmatory Composite Analysis, a very clever way to get formative factors and their causal indicators into the traditional structural equation modeling framework, along with any other latent factors and their effect indicators that might already be in the model. Along the way they also mention full-contact Wordle, being grounded, spelling bees, state capitals, definitions of leadership, a many ways, rabbit or duck, set of steak knives, canonical correlation vs. Homer Simpson, secret sauce, Quantitude Word of the Day, Who’s a good boy?, the man behind the curtain, Penn and Tellering, a new symbol, Beavis, and car stereo wiring diagrams.

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In today’s episode, Patrick and Greg talk about the challenge of having causal indicators of formative factors within an analytical framework that is historically dominated by effect indicators and latent factors — and the critical importance of getting your arrows right. Along the way they also mention: self help books, habits, Hagrid and the giants, When Arrows Attack, The Handbook of SEM, the evil eye factor, defining your terms, the meaning of IS, minority reports, putting your fist through the office wall, lawyering, being deposed, How does it know?, doubling down, and bad JFK impressions. 

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In today’s episode, Patrick and Greg talk about fun extensions to the basic confirmatory factor model, including higher order models, bifactor or residualized models, and multitrait-multimethod models. Along the way they also mention microscope lab, burning ants, substitute teaching, Cool or Creepy?, Monet, Clueless, haystacks, hotdogs, What are you thinking?, pennies and pounds, party like it’s 1904, potluck freeloaders, lips and a**holes, promiscuous models, and shock absorbers. 

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In this week’s episode Greg and Patrick take advantage of the recent expiration of a statute of limitations that legally allows them to talk about the multilevel model: what it is, when we might use it, and extremely cool extensions that it allows. Along the way they also discuss hostile federal judges, McNeish, airing of grievances, Gauss and Markov’s corpses, Sesame Street, distributional baguettes, naivete, sentient GLMs, two pencil necks, Thor’s Hammer, Willy Sutton, Siren’s Song, peer groups of two, fighting good for an old guy, crazy town cool, 50 ducks, conceding a battle, and blushing corpses.

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In this week's episode Patrick and Greg enlist the help of six quantitative methodological scholars, who share a wide variety of fertile ground for quantitative research, which should be useful for students seeking dissertation topics as well as anyone interested in active methodological areas. Along the way they also mentioned: Kill Bill, The Waltons (with corpses), taking away grandpa's car keys, needing an avocado, Patrick's paygrade, clean-up hitters, unhinged Tweeting, promiscuous models, meercats, cantankerously frequentist, who needs data, and combining with Jordan for 70 points. 

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In this week's episode Patrick and Greg plumb the depths of what is a dissertation and what purpose does it serve. They are aided in the use of an AI language interpreter to translate old man grousing to positive and supportive advice for students as they discuss the strengths and weaknesses of a dissertation project. Along the way they also mention: pumpkin spice, marching bands, Maximus Decimus Meridius, Hiccup, being like too American, OMG, anger interpreters, patience and self-restraint, the pantsless Lindy, it's just something people do, flight instructors, bloody marys in Row 14, dead birds, kilometerage, sleek sports cars, three-masted ships, downright silly questions, We Are The World, three questions, devolution, and subconning. 

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In this week’s episode, Greg and Patrick talk about the terrifying, the feared, the dreaded … Multicollinearity. Blamed for a multitude of general linear model problems, they dare to ask the question: “But should it be?” Along the way they also mention: having your stump ground out, fall guys, Keyser Soze, croissants and breadsticks, baguettes in space space space, mostly dead, the Cliffs of Moher, enablers, dangling on a wing and a prayer, nanotech R-squareds, opening a suitcase, reinventing factor analysis, and whiny a** babies.

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In this week's episode, the first of Season 5, Patrick and Greg explore the very cool world of receiver operating characteristic, or ROC, curves: what they are, how they work, and why we can give partial thanks to Winston Churchill for their existence. Along the way they also mention: advent calendars, lasagna for 8, Honey Nut Cheerios, radio detection and ranging, flock of seagulls, broken pun promises, Dwayne Johnson, the whale petting machine, Embassy Suites, poison ivy and kudzu, sexy Hulk, smoldering intensity, Spitfires and F-14s, drunken punches, and Where’s Waldo.

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In the last episode of season 4, Greg and Patrick discuss the very cool exploratory technique of cluster analysis — including concepts of multivariate distance, hierarchical and non-hierarchical methods, and how it differs from mixture models. Along the way they also mention: Scandinavian architects, raccoons on meth, vegetarian hotdogs, sh*t-ton of do-loops, free-range jam, statistical hairballs, Euclid’s burial, the platypus problem, stars and galaxies, stealing from the hard sciences, ungulates & marsupials, and Amy-Marie.

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In this week's episode Patrick and Greg talk about the critical and often unmet assumptions underlying the use of measured variables at multiple time points, whether for simple analyses like tests of means or more complex analyses like modeling individual growth. Along the way they also mention: following your blocker, Pascal’s wager, Wikipedia empathy, ham sandwich syllogisms, flying cattle cars, Kennedy babies, Costco bathroom scales, Spirit Airlines, expecting you to bring wine, crying about broccoli, the Audi A series, dead raccoon smell, Joe Walsh, Greg’s abs, copy/paste measurement models, Orlando vs. Fort Lauderdale, moles on spring break, and disturbing artwork.

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In this week's episode Greg and Patrick are joined by Christen Priddie of Indiana University who will help them learn a bit about QuantCrit: its foundations, its purpose, and how it can enrich the quantitative methods process to which we might have become a little *too* accustomed.  Along the way they also mention unknown unknowns, explaining the ocean, young Pat, cackling, how Greg pays for college, crap with a number, too young for the Muppets, grumpy old men, crowbar in the brain, bad maps, Logical Landmines, fluffy language, and storytelling.

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In honor of April Fool's Day, this week's episode is about being fooled, specifically quantitative things that can fool you, accompanied by some classic songs about being fooled.  Along the way, Greg and Patrick also mention ukus, the spaghetti harvest, sucker!, meet the new boss, traditions of doing things wrong, naked garbage bag poker, old man rants, rich Facebook friends, The Scarlet R, ar-ar-ar-ar-ar, bugs versus features, sucking statistically significantly less, farewell tours, seabirds (with a white wine reduction), and Mother's Day. 

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In this week's episode Patrick and Greg talk about exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM), a technique drawing upon the strengths of exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis methods and able to be embedded within structural equation models. Along the way they also mention crab vs. crabs, Most Dangerous Catch, Next Day Blinds, smash-and-grab, sharp pencils, opening the barn doors, stinking badges, all hat and no cattle, control issues, quieting the Irishmen, oxymorons, selling factor analysis on Ebay, living with mom or dad, going higgly-piggly, and treats for the mole. 

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In this week's episode Greg and Patrick talk with Dr. Ellen Hamaker from Utrecht University about the exciting and growing area of dynamic structural equation models. They discuss its tremendous substantive and methodological promise as well its assumptions and potential limitations. Along the way they also mention talking in acronyms, QSEM, cowardly bathroom stall phone calls, statistical sock puppets, interrupting Patrick, outsourcing, John Wick, copy machines, I want a cookie, bad clinical psychologists, closeness and tension, million dollar question, aspirin effects, Greg’s blue eyes, fathers matter!, and what keeps you up at night.

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In this week's episode Patrick and Greg discuss the dark art of using regression diagnostics to assess how well assumptions are met in the general linear model, with applications to the wide array of related techniques. Along the way they also mention Big Pharma, Merriam-Webster, free-radical opioids, baguettes, antisocial personality disorder, Elon Musk, yoinked, Trinity and Neo, your favorite child, Reservoir Dogs, your favorite parent, ATM machines and PIN numbers, and standing in the corner.

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In this week's episode, Greg and Patrick talk about what you can do when latent variables conspire to multiplicatively interact, focusing on the classic product indicator approach and the more recently developed method of  latent moderated structural relations. Along the way they also mention confession, being hardly sorry, conspiracy theories, Greg's area 51 poster, trashed record needles, backwards messages, the Scooby Doo Gang, Street Justice Velma, tasteful ascots, chocolate in my peanut butter, two-legged tables, spinning 90 degrees, drug mules, Pearson's crabs, Freemasons and the Illuminati, and chalking up a win.

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In this week's episode Patrick and Greg discuss variable transformations, both linear and non-linear, and explore the potential pros and cons of using these in applied research settings. Along the way they also mention prank phone calls, English drama, rapping Dr. Seuss, persnickety estimation, weekly banana intake, it don't make no never mind, Jeffrey Bezos, the square root of .5, leverage out the wazoo, Sexy Hulk and Rage Hulk, frowny-face plots, a barn full of methods, the actual analysis of data, the principles of witchcraft, statistical insults, and massaging your y. 

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In this week's episode Patrick and Greg talk about an alternative to familywise Type I error control, the false discovery rate, and how it offers increased power in that middle ground between no error control and the severe control of Bonferroni.  Along the way they also mention: Leif Ericson, discovering Columbus, The Flintstones, brontosauri, dying grandmas, Coors Field homeruns, hitting Richard, more Calvinball, the power reaper, Thelma and Louise, making flights on time, intellectual judo, wet paper bags, and distribution of blame.

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In this week's episode Greg and Patrick discuss how we might flip the traditional null and alternative hypothesis testing procedures to move us from tests of literal equality to tests of practical equivalence. Along the way they also discuss tough love, horseshoes and hand-grenades, Patrick’s Driving School, Cheyenne Mountain, So Long and Thanks For All the Fish, isn't that convenient, why people hate us, systolic blood pressure, *real* doctors, I Can’t Drive 55, splash zones, Gallagher, Dilbert, and being precisely equal. 

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In this week's episode Patrick and Greg explore all the ways they lie about things when they teach, not the least of which is that there are actually no individual growth trajectories estimated in an individual trajectory growth model. They discuss why this is, how individual trajectory estimates can be obtained, and how these might be used in practice. Along the way they also mention the green light button, developmental milestones, love for semicolons, Jack Nicholson, baskets of data, Oprah, it's all crap, transparencies and dittos, yelling at your steering wheel, libertarians vs. socialists, carts and donkeys, catching squirrels, enemy on the field, being stung, bit, and chased, and persnickety models. 

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In this week's episode Greg and Patrick revisit a topic they addressed in their 2nd-ever episode: statistical power. Here they continue their discussion by attempting to clarify the power of what, and they explore ways of obtaining meaningful power estimates using the structural equation modeling framework. Along the way they also discuss tearing arms off, German dentists, booby prizes, Dr. Strangelove, making it look like an accident, shrug emojis, the whale petting machine, baseball and war, where's Waldo, whale holes, the big R-squared, throwing reviewers against the wall, DIY power, in fairness to me, eggplants, and screw you guys, I'm going home. 

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In this week's episode the employees of Quantitude International, including some very special guests, treat Greg and Patrick to a Secret Santa (ahem....secret Father Christmas) office party that they will not soon forget. Along the way they also mention mince meat pies, bangers, gits and tossers, Qurling (trademark pending), Vengeance Spice, hostage negotiation, Kevlar, Cantucky, Gerkins, tasing lemurs, lobsters vs. crabs, names for short, and Giffy. 

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In today’s episode, Patrick and Greg talk about those critical distributions that often go un-discussed -- noncentral distributions -- including their relation to the more familiar central distributions, their role in power and sample size determination, and how they are used in assessing data-model fit. Along the way they also mention back porch reading, latent class of one, statistical concepts as personality characteristics,  double doink, Brilliant!, cocktail party banter, reaching into your d-bag, Minitab macros, sucking good practice out of your field, Patrick's most boring paper, before horses were invented, and throwing down your guitar.

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In today’s episode, Greg and Patrick talk about model under-, just-, and over-identification, starting with the algebraic foundations and moving into implications for the practice of structural equation modeling. Along the way they also mention shagging cars, new Ferraris, bank statements, prerecorded reactions, Quantitude implied contract, necessary & sufficient, walk of shame, Patrick’s Roz impression, working with explosives, potluck freeloaders, fixing a loading to your home address, and bad maps.

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 In today's episode Patrick and Greg talk about that sweet spot between panel designs and time series designs, intensive longitudinal data — both the logistical and analytical challenges, but more importantly its tremendous potential.  Along the way they also mention camp fire face-plants, fear of horses, your spare eyelid, polishing your Nobel Prize, ripples in a pond, lick'm-sir, August 14th, the basketball effect, Southwest boarding number B14, high school math teacher apologies, open mic night, and umbrella shopping. 

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In this week's episode Greg and Patrick get to explore modern methods for missing data analysis while belaboring quotes from Top Gun with their guest Craig Enders from the University of California at Los Angeles. Craig looks back over the past 20 years of developments in missing data analysis to discuss what has worked, what hasn't worked, and what new methods are available now that we didn't have back then. Along the way they also discuss Sean, Not Sean, going to the movies, grumpy old man mode, wiener boy, grave digger, Venice beach zoom backgrounds, Lie Awake, hung over GREs, Greg's grandmother, shiny objects, Motorola flip phones, Ask Jeeves, talking narwhals, mimeographs, unscrewing yourself, and who can be whose wingman.

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In this week's Halloween-themed episode, Patrick and Greg have fun talking about things in their academic jobs that scare them, from things that are a little scary to things that they find absolutely terrifying. Along the way they also discuss Mrs. Kopicky's caramel popcorn balls, Wolf of Wall Street, Kenny T, forgetting you've told a story before, forgetting you've told a story before, recurring nightmares, bending but not breaking, the zeta of teaching, Royale with Cheese, necessary roughness, authoritative parenting, shotgunning Pixie Stix, feelings integers, and if ain't Baroque. 

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In this week's episode Greg and Patrick talk about the frequent gap between research questions and methods and ways to think about reengineering your variables, your parameters, or your entire model to help get what you want. Along the way they also mention: living in the dorms, Greek god sculpture rockets, not living in the dorms, Christmas tree timers, Def Leppard, Legos, Annie's flower shop, laser cannons, chin music, the tail wagging the dog, the Millennium Falcon, Greenday, stupid human tricks, Tony Robbins, Stuart Smalley, and Iron Man. 

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In this week's episode Patrick and Greg spend a wonderful, if not at times awkward, hour talking with Dan Bauer about the genesis, application, and future directions of what may be the world's worst acronym: MNLFA, or moderated nonlinear factor analysis. Along the way they also mention unsolicited help from teenagers, gold stars, acronyms, words that start with "ci", aggressive mice, manipulating your advisors, 2nd spouses, MoNoLiFa, Quantitube, rewiring your brain, $1M calculators, and mod mod.

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In this week's episode Greg and Patrick talk about partial least squares, a technique that resembles structural equation modeling but with a lot of flexibility, including but not limited to its ability to accommodate both reflective and formative constructs. Along the way they also mention dark RedBubble, Sheep’s Kin, snorting SEM, the Coors Light beer bong, Hotelling's ghost, Larry the Cable Guy, the Marvel Metaverse, the Evil Eye, Badluck Schleprock, fika, Abba, and pieces left on the table. 

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In this week's episode Patrick and Greg explore the often neglected method of two-stage least squares; they take a walk down memory lane to explore its origins and then drag it kicking and screaming into the 21st century for much promising use within the latent variable model. Along the way they also mention magic dishwashers, being under-estimated, blind pigs & truffles, Sadie Hawkins, intellectual spinning hook kicks, Fisher's eight-pack abs, the fine print, Winston Churchill vs. Chewbacca, Guinea pigs, Mrs. Lincoln, butter snacks, and snipe hunts.

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This week Patrick and Greg talk about maximum likelihood estimation: what it is, where it comes from, how it works, what it can do, and what it can't do. Along they way they also mention tour-bombing your kid, licking the turtle, Van Halen and AC/DC, orange mustaches, brandy snifter pong, bus #27, Ronnie Fisher, why people hate us, circus tents, night parachuting, flat spots, lazy parabolas, vanilla ice cream, and statistical bouncers. 

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In the opening episode to Season 4, Greg and Patrick delve into ordinary least squares estimation: where it came from, what it attempts to achieve, and where it can take us from here. Along the way they also discuss Golden Retrievers who are neither golden nor retrieve, Olivia Newton-John, sub-conning out their own work,  the meat sweats, sh*t you should know, being intolerably self-righteous, losing your camel, saying ham in French, Calvinball, Frank finding Gauss's corpse, crudely describing regression, and Sexy Hulk. 

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In this, their 100th episode and Season 3 finale, Greg and Patrick talk about the challenges and joys of a career in academia. Helping to ensure that we don’t let the bastards grind us down are the voices of three insightful assistant professors and three wonderful graduate students. Along the way, we also mention lining up the napkin, hug free zones, margarita night in 2003, relying on the kindness of strangers, Strunk & White voodoo, a mile-high C, Mr. October, going beyond the veil, the Black Plague, messages in bottles, the gates of the citadel, turning the container ship, work-work balance, being the bad guy, the focus groups in my head, 50cc of sodium phenobarbital, that’ll do pig, front wheel drive/rear wheel drive, and attaboys.  

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In this week's episode Patrick and Greg get to hang out with Noah Greifer from the Institute for Quantitative Social Sciences at Harvard University to delve into the fascinating world of propensity scores: what they are, how we obtain them, and how they can be thoughtfully used to strengthen our causal inferences. Along the way we also mention Popular Woodworking, fixing things on the back end, hiding your own Easter eggs, 18 hour warnings, easy undergrad majors, Meyers-Briggs career predictions, picking an ideal advisor, SASholes, demyelination, hearing asterisks, being an ANCOVist, the 11th Commandment, what keeps you up at night, answering the question you want to, and it's all BS. 

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In this week's episode, Greg and Patrick talk about information theory: what it is, where it comes from, how it works, and how it can be used to make comparative model inferences. Along the way we also mention Pennsylvania 6-5000, the time lady, the Nobel Prize for Awesomeness, juggling and unicycles, enigma, imaginary friends, lemon juice code, red giants and white dwarves, bits, a level-11 paladin, Hungarian Forrest Gump, snake eyes and boxcar Willies, the Reaper Divergence Criterion, and getting inspirations on a train. 

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In this week's episode Greg and Patrick discuss the sometimes terrifying issue of fungible weights in multiple regression and structural equation modeling in which selecting a trivially worse criterion of fit can often lead to radical changes in the corresponding parameter estimates. Along the way they also discuss competitive family Wordle, disambiguation, inflammability, perpitty, being nonplussed, running laps after practice, schmungible, audio eyerolls, Haystacks at Sunset, hyper eggs, the Spiderverse, mountain moonrises, tin cans and strings, and Earthquake Waller. 

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In this week's episode Patrick and Greg explore Sewall Wright's path tracing rules as an alternative to covariance and matrix algebra, including how the rules work and the tremendous insights they can provide toward understanding a model. Along the way they also discuss the Unabomber, Crate & Barrel, grocery lane profiling, tedious as poop, throwing dead cats, senior animal husbandman, using your fingers, creepy guy in an alley, sweat pants vs. suits of armor, getaway car drivers, hold my Guinea pig, chalkboard contests, Western Kansas, and getting tased. 

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In this week's episode Greg and Patrick continue their discussion from last week in The Mättrix Part Deux, exploring the magic of matrices including estimation, eigenvalues, and eigenvectors. Along the way they also mention flawed audio transcripts, 50 Shades of Greg, drunkenly shoving a matrix, drug mules, things you need, isomorphic interdigitation, plywood and tennis balls, heroin-filled condoms, talking to volleyballs, bawitdaba da bang a dang diggy diggy, meat grinders, not going to prom, vector bouquets, and The Wright Stuff. 

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In this first of two episodes, Patrick and Greg lay the foundations of matrix algebra, mathematically and geometrically, and start connecting these important underlying ideas to statistics. Along the way, they also mention STDs, the 110 to the 10 to the 405, mystics, skin bags of water, vector Victor, Tac flashlights on misty nights, remembering mnemonics, Stephen Hawking, Bilbo Baggins, and Greg's sultry voice. 

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In this week's episode Greg and Patrick discuss the critical distinction between sample distributions and sampling distributions, and explore all the different ways in which sampling distributions are foundational to how we conduct research. Along the way they also mention Starbucks jazz, one item tests, hot pockets, delusions of grandeur, Tetris and Pong, drawing inappropriate distributions, magical properties, texting pictures of kindle pages, Roman arches, 1970s graphics, never saying never, mumbling, Greenday, ignoring Roy Levy, real life bootstrap, and Goodnight Gracie. 

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Patrick and Greg discuss the rise of machine learning in the social sciences with guest Doug Steinley, Professor in the Department of Psychology at the University of Missouri at Columbia and current editor of the APA journal Psychological Methods. Along the way they also mention funeral expenses, Swedish massage, Amy the Chatbot, irony versus coincidence, lavender bath bombs, varmint removal, Planet of the Apes, Voltron, the Cookie Monster, theory smoothies, Bugs Bunny and Yosemite Sam, ironing your Christmas paper, and meat grinders.

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In this week's episode Greg and Patrick have a wonderfully engaging conversation with social network analysis expert Tracy Sweet who is an Associate Professor in the Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology at the University of Maryland. Tracy patiently helps us understand what social network analysis is, and how it can be used to better understand the complexities of human behavior. Along the way they also discuss sliding into DMs, fax machines, older millennials, baboons, too much math, inside voices, penguin data, swiping left, probation advice, unreciprocated social isolates, Wordle, the floss dance, power, and talking to your dog. 

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In this week's episode Patrick and Greg discuss latent means models to conduct group mean comparisons while controlling for measurement error, which gives you more power and more accurate standardized effect size estimates. Along the way, they also mention Aunt Roz, table 8, naughty pigs, crossing the streams, big twinkies, asbestos, It's a Small World, churros, 1974 Sweden, Greg's Swedish coach, ghosts, the primrose path, SAT-level words, and humble pirates. 

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Greg and Patrick explore the generalized linear model as a powerful framework for building regression models for binary and other discretely distributed dependent variables. Along the way they also mention stealing property, statistical conspiracy theories, mic drops, coming uncorked, getting punched by biostatisticians, big logistic, tapping out, the Oakland Raiders, being 8.5 feet tall, sheep bones, cleaning up after the party so your parents don't find out, arm strength, the regression whisperer, what we giveth we taketh away, and sultry voices.

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In today's episode, Patrick and Greg use the context of COVID rapid tests to discuss issues of sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predicted values, and the generally questionable utility of test accuracy information. Along the way they also mention escape rooms, C4, Embassy Suites, palak paneer, 93% accurate, astragali, SAT prep courses, the volume of a cone, risk and burden, and digging up the Rev. 

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In today's episode Greg & Patrick discuss the causes, consequences, and potential solutions associated with negative residual variances in factor analyses, a condition commonly called a Heywood case. Along the we way they also mention vegetarian pepperoni, Jaws Part 2, coffin seat belts, balancing a ship, bad puns, sterilizing needles, dead canaries, hitchhikers, legal depositions, boxes of geodes, knowing what time it is, and models that give you the finger. 

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Patrick and Greg, perched in a glass booth high above New York's Times Square, ring in 2022 with the help of some friends by counting down quantitative New Year’s resolutions.

Along the way they also mention QPod catheters, Dr. Ruth Westheimer, groin height, yelling at NPR, Shimmer, O’Nuckles, intellectual gooses, European Quanterati, smoldering corpses, Dilbert, Dom Perignon, quant club, organ grinders, and non-contiguous sub-4-minute miles.

Special thanks to: Rajiv Amarnani, Sam Cacace, Mashael Dewan, Nathan Lutz, Daniel Moriarity, Danny Lee, and Ethan McCormick. 

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In today's episode, Greg and Patrick talk about the rich array of models for testing hypotheses about mutual influences between people within a dyadic relationship. Along the way they also mention bones to pick, red herrings, bad influences, cow nutrition, playing both sides of the ball, Deion Sanders, the mind's eye, it's not me it's you, background guitar music, phantom variables and money laundering, Kenny from South Park, syllabus bullet points, Eeyore, free steak knives, and fouric relations. 

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Patrick and Greg have an in-depth conversation with Derek Briggs, from the University of Colorado, about his new book exploring the fascinating and at times uncomfortable history of measurement and the people who helped develop methods we still use today. Along the way they also mention: outsourcing parenting, where do babies come from, hearing colors, teacher strikes, blowing things up, Morgan Freeman, penguins, driving students nuts, horrible people, quantitative imperatives, and cutting bait.

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Greg and Patrick talk about median splits and other ways that continuous variables might be categorized to simplify analyses, and the often very high cost of doing so. Along the way they also mention Never Have I Ever, hand cuffs, gold hoop earrings, bungee jumping, Erik, Henry and Penny, having a mini, chug jugs, Hill Street Blues, med kits and bandages, Patrick's mind's eye, Isn't It Ironic, leveling up, asteroids, and gophmunks. 

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Patrick and Greg discuss the often forgotten importance of observation and exploration for the purpose of suggesting patterns and forming hypotheses, which can later be refined and rigorously tested within the framework of our well-developed confirmatory machinery. Along the they way they also discuss Orlando road trips, our inner child, crappy glue, melted chocolate, leaning into the pitch, even a penny, 3-by-5 therapy cards, Law & Order, Easy Rider, 200 million digits of pi, The Illuminati, the first rule of Confirmatory Club, aircraft bullet holes, and Karl and Tom. 

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Patrick and Greg answer a mailbag question about some foundational principles of regression and correlation, specifically the differences among correlation, standardized regression weights, semi-partial correlations, and partial correlations. They also check in with someone from Season 2: Amanda Montoya's undergrad mentee, Kat. Along the way, they also mention: Ap Olo Gies, mocking by text, particle transporters, walk like an Egyptian, spicing up parties, getting Curraned, your plus one, visuals in an audio format, great faces for podcasting, George Clooney, Beaker, and fool me once. 

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In today's episode Patrick and Greg talk about statistical degrees of freedom: what they represent, how they are computed, and the importance they play in daily life. Along the way they also mention color blindness, the Skinnylicious menu, Kevin Bacon, Elmo's Diner, the flatties, Amtrak, drinking Guinness at room temperature, sudoku, courage, paying the reaper, Karl Popper's corpse, needing 152% on your final exam, and famous grandfathers. 

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In this episode, Greg and Patrick discuss the many places where researchers make decisions throughout the research process, and they weigh the pros and cons of those researchers having such decision-making freedom. Along the way, they also mention Lucky Charms, frozen waffles for dinner, the fifth down, forking paths, Dirty Deeds Done Dirt Cheap, sharks in the water, the Dutch, bad actors, the Cyril Burt fan club, 3-ball corner pocket, Rush’s high priests, petulant teenagers, autopilot, cat rodeos, and the researcher notebook.

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In today's episode Patrick & Greg talk about the use of item parcels in latent variable modeling: what they are, what might motivate you to use them, and what unexpected complications can arise. Along the way they also mention wheel extenders, walking toward the light, logorrhea, party bands, corpse sniffing dogs, boxes of human heads, academic dunking, getting uppity, crane kicks, mic drops, and Sonya sweeping the leg. 

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What starts as a friendly check-in with our intern Ethan McCormick in the Netherlands turns into Ethan's Pop Quiz Revenge around the themes of statistical paradoxes and distributions. Along the way, Greg and Patrick also discuss headlamps, airport carousels, prostrate vs. prostate, operatic ambulances, ungulates, how X-mas got its X, Cobra Kai, bromeo, metric time, clang association, paradocies, and William of Orange. 

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Patrick and Greg talk about the potential advantages and disadvantages of alternative approaches to analyzing two time-point data. They discuss traditional models for raw and residualized change scores, and describe how each of these remains baked into the soul of contemporary models for repeated measures data. 

Along the way they also mention: 24 inch pizza pans, movie fails, being otherwise sophisticated, beer bongs, witches, third grade math, emails from PETA, glorious histories, hairy eyeballs, and who do I see about that. 

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Greg and Patrick discuss Principal Components Analysis: what it is, what it absolutely isn't, and what kind of cool things it can do in its own right. Along the way, they discuss Twinkle Twinkle Little Star, the division symbol, Spider Pig, croissants & skewers, doing a nickel in the big house, jumping the starter solenoid, Ptolemy the Weenie, two fingers of whiskey, embracing the "but", the sexual lubricant data base, stylometry, bitcoin forensics, and bad Yelp reviews. 

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In this episode, Patrick leads Greg and the rest of us through the incredibly cool and powerful topic of regions of significance, a way to help unpack under what moderating conditions treatments and variable relations are statistically significant. Along the way, they also mention: parallelism, Olivia Newton-John, going to the wrong church, laws in Vermont, pick-a-point, nan-aaaah-meters, the whack-a-doodle package of the month, kindergarten math deficiencies, the crossing guard creed, and the rosary landspeed record. 

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In the inaugural episode of Season 3, Patrick and Greg argue (more than usual) about statistical conclusion validity: what it is, what affects it, and how it fits in with other types of validity. Along the way they also mention: FrogFest2021, fostering illusions, coughing up a thorax, entrée vs. entry, 50 hours of community service, 8-hour depositions, statistical herpes, and Cheese Cake Factory menus and calorie counts. Oh, and… the sax is back!

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In this, the third and final episode of SummerQamp, Greg and Patrick embark on a cross country journey in a VW van in quest of the Summer of Love. Along the way they explore three lines of historical development that ultimately come together to close out the 1960's: multiple regression, path analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis. They just begin to draw trippy insightful concluding comments but the fuzz show up and break up the party. Harsh. 

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Nursing their SPF-defying sunburns from SummerQamp 1, Patrick and Greg now find themselves in the woods by a roaring campfire, covered in bug spray. In this second summer installment they transition from previous conversations about the origins of statistics to the incredibly cool and often concurrent history of measurement. Grab a stick, pull up a log, and come roast a marshmallow with us!

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After completely blowing an ambitious summer schedule of weekly episodes, Patrick and Greg sit poolside and shoot the breeze about  the fascinating history of quantitative methods. No, for real; it’s actually fascinating. Anyway, they start with some of the old gamblers from the 1600s and work their way through the early decades of the 20th century. This discussion sets the stage nicely for a future summer episode, at least in theory given how long it took to get this one out. Happy
Summer!

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In the final episode of Season 2, Greg and Patrick enlist the help of colleagues in a conversation about the joys and challenges of being a good mentor. Along the way they also discuss Cinco de Cuatro, Fozzie Bear, trash compactors and rubber snakes, pitchers at Linda's, giant jugs of wine, meeting the dog, someone in the control tower, 20 to life, parallel play, escalators and stairs, puzzle pieces, terrifying your students, and Professor Q. 

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In this episode Patrick and Greg construct a deconstruction of the construct of construct validity. Constructively. Along the way they also discuss Jacques, sheep STDs, Bill Clinton, college admissions, touching a giant turtle, butwinking, cadaver bingo, nomological networks, teen spirit, playing drop-the-hanky, ticket to the prom, and lipstick on a pig. 

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Greg and Patrick talk about how, although textbooks almost exclusively talk about simple random samples, in practice they almost never actually occur. To try to sort this out, they enlist the help of Dr. Laura Stapleton from the University of Maryland, who lived a prior life as an economist and knows a thing or two about sampling designs. Along the way they also discuss killing bugs, Winston Churchill, lies versus omissions, Oprah, signing toast, being conceived in an elevator, strah-TAH, social media polls, the generalizer, the green light button, court-ordered volunteer work, and poopooing. 

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Patrick and Greg celebrate international haiku day with listener-submitted HaiQs, and somehow tie that to a discussion of team science, all while interviewing intern applicant Ethan McCormick. Along the way they also discuss Googling as research, cheddar fries, Big Lima Bean, Mc vs. Mac, moody loners in Montana cabins, English particle accelerators, the Boulder Model, a research prenup, the green room, getting voluntold, the cheese stands alone, quant poetry slam, Guns n Roses, and playing the orchestra. 

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Greg and Patrick explore the many interesting issues related to centering predictor variables prior to analysis, both in the standard regression model and in the multilevel model. Along the way they also discuss honking Diet Coke through your nose, rashes, hostage negotiation, reading at seven months of age, dealer's choice, Coors Light, Galapagos tortoises, friendly monsters, monkeys at typewriters, umlauts, and shooting stop signs. 

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Patrick and Greg fulfill a legal obligation to interview the unnecessarily ubiquitous Dr. Dan McNeish of Arizona State University about why you probably don't need to use multilevel modeling even when you have multilevel data. Along the way they also mention MacNair, safety schools, the Green Monster, driving a Corvette across the country, Compensation Club, anklet shocks, endogeneity, frunks, Tom Brady's middle name, and de-meaning. 

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Pursuant to court order, Greg and Patrick find themselves legally compelled to discuss key aspects of training quantitative methodologists, including knowledge acquisition, knowledge application, and knowledge generation. Along the way, they also mention: Nuckles, too many Dans, onomatopoeia, The One, the number of the day, a big tylenol, bluesheets, Mr. Miyagi, Lunch n Learn, reviewing for journals you can't publish in, the Durham Bulls, the final countdown, dependent studies, and stage phases. 

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In this episode Patrick and Greg discuss the challenges of having ordered categorical data, as well as the seemingly magical limited information and full information analytical options to deal with such data. Along the way they also discuss sky cranes, the Mars Climate Orbiter, metric vs. imperial units of measurement, Lockheed-Martin, left hands and right hands, the A380, 6-inch extension cords, Home Depot, billion dollar shooting stars, being unidextrous, playing the recorder, star wipe, Jell-O molds, throbbing and pulsating distributions, Fast Pass walk of shame, Monarch notes, mahnamahna, and 1.7. 

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In this episode Greg and Patrick attempt to resolve long festering relationship issues that arise between the multilevel modeling and structural equation modeling approaches to growth curve analysis. Along the way they also discuss first dates, Jets and Sharks, Cubs and Cardinals, Montagues and Capulets, Tsingtao Beer, Thunderdome, stupid LISREL tricks, pressure math, dirty secrets, selfishness, and National Haiku Day.

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In this episode Patrick and Greg talk about the dreaded but often very real case of having a small sample size: what you should watch out for, and what options you have to squeeze the most information and inferential potential from your precious data. Along the way they also mention Name That Tune, Space Mountain, the Tiki Room, parapraxis, extraordinary least squares, Applebee's, B words, Eeyore, the psychological science accelerator, and Yoink!

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In this episode Greg and Patrick explore the freakish and terrifying topic of equivalent models, particularly as they arise within the structural equation modeling analytical framework. Along the way they also discuss rinsing toes, palindromes, anagrams, being a tad unquiet, under-teaching, double-secret probation, scary cousins, sausage makers, Tribbles, empty beer bottles, Hard Core History, a severely hungover John Stuart Mill, the walk of shame, and expecto patronum. 

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Patrick and Greg talk about variability — both within individuals and within groups —  as a source of really interesting and often overlooked research questions, to complement our well-developed skillset for studying means. Along the way, they also mention: Natatoriums, finding your spot, picking at a scab, the Polkaholics, Location Scale models, high-fiving statisticians, Inception, cooking with gas, Corvettes, fingernails in the dashboard, Kai Ryssdal, your grandfather’s stock, parenting consistency, and leaving Patrick unattended in your office. 

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In this episode Greg and Patrick embark on a sometimes unhinged discussion of outlying and influential observations: where do they come from, how are they identified, and what do we do with them. Along the way they also discuss the outlier bell, stubbornness, pre-holiday grievances, Polly, Sesame Street, being more less likely, Greg's freak brother, operas, Nebraska cornfields, talking to volleyballs, stepping on rakes, name that dissertation, butt cramps, and acetone. 

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In this episode Patrick and Greg talk about latent variables: what they are, why we care, and under what circumstances we can analyze them directly. Along the way they also discuss: BWI, dadgic, Patrick's bromance, the economy, Chris Botti, inter-planetary probes, Gronk, 118 degree dry heat, the evil eye, and Dora the Explorer.

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Greg and Patrick again subcontract out their own work by inviting a range of experts from different disciplines to share their perspectives on the future of teaching quantitative methods. They also discuss revenge, cryogenics, evacuation com...., American Idiot, 11 reasons why we blink, being hardly sorry, Googling how to fly a 737, machine directed latent mixture basket weaving...in R, the Levy Series, no half measures, penguin freezers, the Suez Canal, John Wesley Powell, Pacific Naval Warfare, and ignoring Dan McNeish.

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In today’s episode, Patrick and Greg talk about the tenure process: what it is, why it exists, how they see it, and some thoughts that might be helpful on the journey, fully realizing that institutions and fields are different, so your mileage may vary. Along the way, they also mention Fermat's Theorem, Ten Year, The Wizard, Flying Monkeys, the child catcher, water on rocks, fat old bald men, intellectual punches in the face, Charlie Brown Fails Tenure, 70% of zero, Cosmic Cantina, research quality as a latent variable, MultiInterTransDisciplinairy research, throwing grants on the fire, Marlo Thomas (she’s baaaack), and caveat emptor. 

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In this episode Patrick and Greg compare and contrast multiple regression and the structural equation model and argue that although regression has brought us far, there are numerous reasons to turn to the SEM to continue to drive us forward. Along the way they also address gad flies, the Louisiana Purchase, Kool-Aid, high school friends, spring break, STDs, Southwest Airlines, radial arm saws, courage, buying paint at Home Depot, Agatha and Karl's corpses, and 737s vs. DC-3s. 

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Greg and Patrick ring in the new year with a rambling discussion of univariate and multivariate normality: what it is, when and why we assume it, and does it really matter. (Spoiler alert -- it DOES). Along the way, they also discuss statistics history, supplement #2,  Larry the Book Shop Guy, Isaac Newton's BFF, platypuses, collaborating with someone because your names rhyme, unicorns, calling in the wolf, nerf footballs, semi-non-sequiturs, irreconcilability, those crazy 1970's, and fax machines without document catchers. 

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In this very special episode, Greg and Patrick host the Quantitude Holiday Party at the Cat's Cradle in Carrboro, NC. In addition to the traditional holiday Airing of Grievances, the party features a number of special guests from across the spectrum of quantitative methodology, some more inebriated than others. Please join us to end this otherwise awful and challenging year with some much-needed light-hearted silliness and festivities.

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In this episode Patrick and Greg explore the many faces of ethics in quantitative research, particularly as related to issues that arise in the day-to-day analytical decisions we make. In that spirit, Quantitude has an ethical obligation to warn listeners that they also discuss speedometers, rushing and dragging, shoplifting, calling me Shirley, asteroids vs. pinball, apple pie, Beneficence and Non-malefeasance playing tonight at the cat's cradle, forgetting things are illegal, stringing barbed wire, dotting T's and crossing I's, and horse fighting. 

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Greg and Patrick discuss issues of controlling for extraneous variables, by randomization and by design, but especially the challenges and assumptions associated with statistical control. Along the way they also mention drag racing, Volkswagen Bugs, Seabiscuit, Harrison Bergeron, Diet Coke, Janet Jackson, John Denver, gastrointestinal distress, Sewall Wright, and babies and bathwater. 

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In this episode Patrick & Greg consider in what ways they have become their parents and then attempt to use that insight to better understand how one can provide a quantitative review of a substantive manuscript without becoming the much reviled Reviewer 2. Along the way they also discuss Ginsu knives, not wearing pants, Ouija boards, using "and" in place of "but", five-finger death punches, the kraken, happy feet, mad libs, everyone needing a Longstreet, book vs. movie endings, and dumpster diving. 

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Greg and Patrick discuss Patrick's potentially horrible idea for post-publication review, in which a journal is created for the sole purpose of reviewing the soundness of the quantitative methods used in papers that have already been published in flagship journals. Hair-brained scheme, or sheer genius? You be the judge. Along the way they also mention driving without headlights, homemade explosives, modified wheelchairs, the IJCC, guacamole at Margaret's Cantina, dishwashers and JetDry, the IAD, blind pigs and acorns, the 15 commandments, and Jamaican bobsleds. 

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Today Patrick & Greg step off-camera and pull in Dr. Samantha Anderson who is a quantitative psychologist at Arizona State University and is an expert in all things related to the so-called “replication crisis.” They are uncharacteristically quiet as she talks about the past, present, and future of replication in the social sciences. Along the way they also discuss: Ask Sammy, bioluminescence, cheat day, podcast pre-registration, music that makes you younger, Defcon 5, or maybe 1, or 3, mother-in-laws, air quotes, and the queen of the world. 

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Greg and Patrick talk about the control of Type I error rate. Well, more like... they say stuff, change their minds, say stuff, change their minds... and in the end — spoiler alert — reach no unified conclusion whatsoever.  But they do manage to hit a number of the relevant issues around Type I error control, albeit largely accidentally and inconsistently. Along the way, they also mention porch witches, furries, cereal killers, neuralizers, why some TAs deserve hazard pay, lawyering-up, rocking chairs in unison,  how Patrick controls the pet population, all things Scottish, and yellow lights. 

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Patrick and Greg hold a traditional Irish funeral for multivariate analysis of variance, starting with a heartfelt eulogy in front of family and friends in the church and then moving to a more honest reckoning with Mom and Aunt Dotty at the reception in the school gym following the service. Along with a celebration of a life questionably well lived, they also discuss Ned Devine, mildly inebriated priests, champagne supernovas, the four British actors, eugoogalies, leeches, cowardice, senescence, legal disclaimers, bringing out your dead, and Danny Boy. 

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In this episode Patrick and Greg follow up last week’s discussion of moderation by tackling its partner in crime, mediation, including causal challenges, ways of  testing, and how they think about it as part of a larger analytical system. Along the way they also manage to discuss word association, personal grievances, light switches, the Concord, sharp sticks, hats and horses, getting shivved, and Jeff Spicoli. 

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In this episode, Greg and Patrick bicker about moderation and discuss the critical importance of moving our science away from thinking in terms of main effects and towards the conceptualization of the conditions under which an effect might hold. Along the way they also discuss the Carsophagus, Sisyphean tasks, the London Museum, pineapples, 9.8m/sec^2, military helicopters, the MILF model, public service announcements, and Spinal Tap. 

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Patrick and Greg offer completely unsolicited career advice as you identify and apply for positions following your doctoral training. They discuss what to consider when selecting where to apply as well as drafting personal statements, CVs, letters of recommendation, and research statements. Along the way they also comment on World War II quiz shows, eHarmony and tinder, the long con, mortgaging retirements, morning research inspirations, the 3rd and 4th ribs, promptness, and academia as community dinner theater. 

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In this episode Greg and Patrick wander semi-drunkenly around the topic of model-based inference and discuss how this perspective can help move us forward as a scientific discipline. They also somehow manage to discuss explosives, sniffing glue, homemade 787s, catfish noodling, the Ikea helpline, Calvinball, Ludwig Beethoven, Rube Goldberg, hell's half acre, denouements, and intolerable hypocrisy.

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Patrick and Greg impulsively launch the inaugural segment of "Quantitude Wake Up Call" where they forget how longitude works and call Bayesian expert Roy Levy at 5:40 in the morning. Although somewhat rattled, Roy helps the Quantidudes better understand Bayesian inference and describes the many ways that this approach can help move our science forward. Along the way they discuss Jedi mind tricks, the birds and the bees, time zones, Virgos, the Dark Side, cowards, subjectivity, lecturing bus drivers, sideways fish, and statistical pop-up books. 

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The episode begins with what Patrick believes will be a discussion of statistics in the news, but then turns into a surprise attack by Greg that rapidly devolves into a second edition of Pop Quiz (covering scales of measurement, probability and odds, intraclass correlation, null hypothesis significance testing, suppression, and Bayes' Theorem). In addition to relentlessly attacking each others' credibility, the Quantidudes mention Waldo, Flat Stanley, "and so uhhhhh," Max Headroom, Matt Damon, The Maltese Falcon, dead kittens, The Hunger Games, The Dad Rule, doppelgangers, eye twitches, pregnancy tests, and Costco caskets.

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Patrick and Greg open with a disagreement about time travel movies, which then somehow devolves into a discussion of alternative approaches to modeling longitudinal data. They agree that a core issue to consider is the separation of within-person and between-person components of change over time, both theoretically and analytically. Throughout the discussion they also mention antici-, hot tub time machine, chipmunks, garbage disposals, digging up John Stuart Mill, whiteboard problems, cats and laser pointers, Roz from Monsters Inc. (she's back!), 3-D dinosaur posters, licking a hot burner, 30th place ribbons, and -pation. 

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In this, the inaugural episode of Season 2, Greg and Patrick continue their summer strategy of subcontracting out talent by inviting people to call-in and describe what quantitative work they did over summer vacation. In addition to being amazed at the many cool quantitative things people are doing out in the world, the discuss imprimaturs, battle without honor, digestive rituals, hostage videos, underwear, utility infielders, Alexis in a Lexus, affectionate slaps, Strunk & White, irony vs. paradox, and Oxford commas. 

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In recognition of your hard work this summer to become a quantitative leader in your field, you are hereby presented with... a brand new case of Imposter Syndrome! Patrick and Greg explore what it is, where it comes from, what you might be able to do about it, and, possibly most importantly, that it's actually a good problem to have. This episode concludes Quanti•Qamp 2020, with Season 2 of Quantitude coming in August.

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Greg and Patrick dedicate Week 7 of Quanti•Qamp to three core topics: mocking one another, how to continue learning both foundational and novel quantitative methods across your career, and mocking one another. Despite their many disagreements, they unanimously concur that the challenge of keeping abreast of newly developed quantitative methods is entirely Kris Preacher's fault. Carry on. And go learn something! 

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Week six of Quanti•Qamp welcomes special guest Dr. A. Nayena Blankson, a Professor of Psychology at Spelman College who is a leading national voice in diversity and equity in academia. Nayena talks with Patrick and Greg about how we can capitalize on the current national conversation about race and equity to enhance diversity in both academia in general and in the quantitative sciences in particular. 

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In the fifth week of Quanti•Qamp, senior leadership at the QuantiGon recruit a new Commander to demonstrate proper preparation, organization, and executive control. The guest Executive Officer is Dr. Rebecca Brock, Associate Professor in the Department of Psychology at the University of Nebraska at Lincoln, who will motivate a discussion about how to build a quantitative culture in your home department or research unit. Patrick and Greg clearly learn nothing about leadership despite Dr. Brock's best efforts. 

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In the fourth week of Quanti•Qamp, neither Patrick nor Greg have read each other's emails about the organization of the episode and thus entirely ad lib a discussion on how one might write a quantitatively-oriented pedagogical paper. Because they are completely unprepared for the episode, they also forget to provide the next QQamp assignment; however, being the seasoned academicians that they are, they will somehow blame you for not completing the assignment, because by now, "you should have known." Carry on. 

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In the third week of Quanti•Qamp, Patrick and Greg ramble semi-coherently about how you might use existing data to drive a quantitative research idea as well as to serve as the foundation for making a unique quantitative contribution. They explore different potential data sources and discuss the variety of ways these might be used in the pursuit of a quantitative research question. They conclude with the next QQamp assignment: identify a small number of existing data sets in your substantive field that you might be able to make use of in your own quantitative research. Carry on. 

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In the second week of QuantiBootQamp (remember....the "boot" is silent), Greg and Patrick open with what they agree is a pretty bizarre coincidence. They then discuss, with occasional disagreement, how you might select a journal for your own quantitatively-oriented contribution. They conclude with the next Quanti•Qamp assignment: to read the mastheads and editorial board lists of at least three journals that might serve as a home for your quantitative paper. 

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In this inaugural episode of QuantiBootQamp (where the "boot" is silent), Patrick and Greg express their surprise that people seemed to think this was going to be a fun summer camp. They then explore various ways that you might develop a quantitatively-oriented research question embedded within your own area of study, and end by assigning the first Quanti•Qamp assignment: to develop a quantitative research question of your own. 

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In this, our final episode of the season, we reveal that we have actually been quietly arming sleeper cells around the world and that we are now sending out a call-to-arms for listeners to rise up and become quantitative leaders in their own fields of study. Along the way we also discuss scaling fences, bad business decisions, Henry the Fifth, Braveheart, saddles and horses, sideways fish, Legos, Kapla blocks, meta-nerds, more ice cream sandwiches, pyramid schemes, and knuckleheads. 

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Greg and Patrick talk about internal validity -- broadly and traditionally -- but also as an increasingly important lens through which to view our information-saturated world, and be responsible, critical, and skeptical members of scientific communities as well as society. Along the way, they also mention gargling bleach, 5G cell towers, vaping lysol, fecal transplants, the problem with firetrucks, Star Trek and causality, Sherlock Holmes, melon-wrapped prosciutto, kitty physics, the regression fairy, tails-challenged individuals, and Mad Eye Moody.

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Patrick and Greg draw on their experience in author, reviewer, and editorial roles to talk about the manuscript review process, and offer strategies for revising a manuscript and crafting a letter in response to editorial guidance and reviewer feedback. Along the way they also discuss spring break for octogenarians, spitting on graves, being flabby and unfocused, Milo and Otis, meat on a stick, subway jumpers, understanding square roots, voodoo dolls, ugly babies, Klingons, hostage negotiators, and rejected rejections. 

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In today’s episode, Greg and Patrick start a conversation about how COVID-19 has had an instantaneous and lasting impact on research, what we can do about it right now, and what we can be thinking about for the future as we move forward, together. Along the way they also manage to mention... elevators of blood, Joe Exotic, wisdom of crowds, a fatted ox, skinned knees, intellectual judo, I meant to do that, truck drivin’ subtlety, Apollo 13, hitting a change-up, naive optimism, Thomas Kuhn, and losing your balance. 

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Patrick and Greg spend an hour stumbling through the world of Monte Carlo computer simulation methodology as a way of knowing within the quantitative sciences. They also delve into: bad ideas, the Dans in Patrick’s life, unique Zoom backgrounds, typical birth weights, theoretical models underlying reading glasses, Jan Ken Pon, being due, archery, blue and green blox pots, felonious speeding, horse races, and Easter egg hunts. 

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Greg and Patrick are inspired by possibly the greatest Western movie ever filmed as they navigate The Good, The Bad, and The Ugly of factor analysis. In addition to arguing that exploratory factor analysis isn't really exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis isn't really confirmatory, they adroitly traverse topics including sabbatical do-overs, Corona Academy, leeches, tall ship wine, grad school accomplishments, Roz from Monsters Inc., extraverted statisticians, bread pudding, obituaries, the statistician's greatest insult, factor analysis parties, playing with knives, and going toward the light. 

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Patrick and Greg are inspired by the community support we are witnessing during this time of crisis, and they expand this discussion into the community of science. They drill down into the collaborative approach of integrative data analysis in which models are fit to data that have been aggregated across multiple independent samples. They also discuss Quarantudesday, setting food on fire, when the cops show up, being a supportive spouse, defense mechanisms, psychometric punches in the face, not doing crappy research, sneaking in footnotes, black holes, and storing your children in the garage.

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Greg and Patrick waste an hour of your time drunkenly wandering along the dangerous cliffs overlooking mixture modeling. In addition to exploring the potential promises and unadulterated dangers of mixture models as a mode of scientific inquiry, they also mention drama nerds, hunchbacks, date night for the Lincolns, name dropping, UConn women's basketball, inductive-deductive wishin'-and-a-hopin', Chihuahua heads, cats cradle, and albino gorillas. We hope you enjoy the episode.

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Patrick and Greg celebrate St. Patrick's Day with Irish storytelling of some of their own epic academic fails, interspersed with a selection of quantitative limericks submitted by Quantitude listeners (as well as a few of their own). The final selections are read by a special guest (who, be warned in advance, is a bit grumpy). Also mentioned: white elephants, nuns fighting, Garfield phones, apology tours, bear poop, the inverse of an eyeball, prune festivals, creative uses for up-lights, Piaget, chutney, Patrick and Gus’s special relationship, Patrick’s tombstone, stupid questions, and getting “Studented."

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Patrick and Greg have a blast hanging out with quant super-star Katherine Masyn, arguably one of the coolest people on earth. In addition to talking about professional development, the futility of making plans, and how to make meaningful contributions to science, the trio also discuss the power of three, mad cow disease, evaporated metal films, green laser pointers, mashed potatoes, and Patrick getting schooled on the non-binary nature of life, the universe, and everything else. Finally, for those listeners using Quantitude as a drinking game, you must drink every time Katherine says "et cetera." Cheers!

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Greg and Patrick start with what seems like a reasonable metaphor linking musical compositions to planned missing data designs, and then they proceed to beat it to death. Then, just when you think they've buried it, they dig it back up and beat the carcass some more before eventually just running out of time. In addition to planned missing designs, they also mention the Kenny G paternity test, every trumpet player's sworn duty, tied 16th notes, Benny und die Jets, the Durham Bullhorns, wastebasket toilets, free steak knives, 81 minutes, doors and flashlights, Alyssa, Jay and Sean, and respecting the dart. 

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In Episode 16 of Quantitude, Patrick and Greg have more fun than is probably socially acceptable when talking about missing data. In addition to embracing the Zen-like paradox of "the presence of missing data," they also discuss West Point, "is" versus "are," middle school English teachers, relentless tenacity, talking narwhals, being completely pregnant, taking in shows at Cat's Cradle, circus tents, and books by Richard Bachman.

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Greg and Patrick embark on a free-ranging discussion of many of the things no one bothers to tell you when entering academia, some that were particularly (and often pleasantly) surprising. They also talk about learning to fly, parenting, Richard Russo, Bayesian personality, Craisins, just noticeable differences, crayon giraffes, academic mulligans, final_final_final drafts, dead birds, Britney Spears, volitional reinvention, unconditional atta'boys, and the academic Pez dispenser. 

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Patrick and Greg take on the topic of model evaluation and fit, particularly as applied to structural equation models. They also discuss compulsive counting, mashed potatoes, letting the horses out of the barn, building model 747s, Jenga, Moses's third tablet, the Pirate Code, demon conferences, and Roo Mates. 

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Greg and Patrick pursue several topics raised on prior episodes on scale reliability and measurement invariance to their logical conclusion. Namely, they ponder the multitude of persnickety issues associated with putting a set of items into the psychometric sausage maker to grind out scale scores for use in subsequent analysis. In addition to bickering with one another over a host of trivial issues, they also discuss Neil Peart, needless aggression, time travel, rapping the MMPI, paying the reaper, pokes in the eye, circling the drain, and using the word "imbricate."

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In this episode, Patrick and Greg respond to a call-in question that raises a host of issues revolving around measurement invariance testing. In addition to complaining about horrible terminology commonly used in quantitative methodology, they also address pirate mothers, irreverance, time machines, quadruple negatives, buying firewood, digging up bodies, the Schotz clock, and dumpster fires. There are also return appearances of Whac-a-Mole and the poking stick. 

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In Part 2 of a two-part series, Greg and Patrick draw on their experiences with the National Institutes of Health and the Institute of Education Sciences (as grant PI/co-PI, reviewer, panelist, and panel chair) to offer recommendations for those planning to seek funding for their own research projects. They also talk about a thousand monkeys, stages of grief, Southwest vs. Spirit Airlines, proper use of the word "however," Red Bull, and banana peels.

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In Part 1 of a two-part series, Patrick and Greg draw on their experiences with the National Institutes of Health and the Institute of Education Sciences (as grant PI/co-PI, reviewer, panelist, and panel chair) to discuss aspects of the grant review process, including the scoring criteria, conflicts of interest, what it's like "in the room," and what happens after grants are reviewed. They also talk about turkey legs, sausage making, acronym-based drinking games, hairy eyeballs, roller coasters, and Pink Floyd: The Wall.

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In this first episode of 2020, Greg and Patrick welcome the new year by offering what listeners have come to expect: no apparent plan for the episode, followed by rambling, circular, and barely internally-consistent discussion. At least they are, well, reliable. In fact, their meanderings lead them to a discussion of just that topic -- reliability. In an impromptu segment they call "Grumpy Old Man & Village Idiot" the Quanti-dudes talk about the often-forgotten but absolutely critical importance of securing high quality measures when addressing substantive research questions, and the severe consequences of failing to do so. In addition to grousing about reliability, they also discuss: questions you can ask in a dissertation defense when you have no idea what is actually going on, Walmart bathroom scales, frisbees on the lawn, toxic masculinity, carnival barkers, sunscreen, Clint Eastwood, and sibling IQ tests. Easter egg alert: listen for a hidden bark from Greg's dog Gus who wants to be let outside!

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HI! This iz JiffffY the leeemur. Im the nU Qwante- quawnti- QPod inteRn. Here iz a speshuL hoLliday eppisowd i made for ar lissnerz, with a seEkrit gesstt! The qDoods wil be bAk innn Janyouairie with alll Nu eppisoads. HapPppee hoLlidayz!!!!!! And pleeZ share this eppisowd with frenDz!

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In this episode, Patrick and Greg respond to a call-in question from Alexis, asking about how one describes to another human being what a quantitative methodologist actually is, leading to a broader discussion about how one makes unique contributions to the sciences from a methodological framework. In addition to talking about quantitative methodology as a way of knowing, they also mention: portmanteaus, social skills, druncles, Zantac, half-Transylvanians, NASCAR pit crews, carving a turkey, ice cream sandwiches, and trailing vortices. And even after a full hour, it is not clear to anyone that they actually answered Alexis's question.

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In Episode 6 of Quantitude Greg and Patrick take their very first phone-in question, which seems to confuse both of them as they are on the computer and not the phone. Regardless, they talk with Tessa from the University of Maryland about her question of how to best use modification indices when fitting confirmatory factor models out in the real world. In addition to completely ripping off the Car Talk Guys from NPR, they address The Pod, rusty knives, Applebees, Patrick's favorite game at the North Carolina State Fair, poking sticks, and 88-year old Irish Pirates. This may or may not be their final show depending upon how litigious the Car Talk Guy lawyers actually are. 

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In this episode of Quantitude, Patrick and Greg have the pleasure of talking with the always-entertaining and high-energy Don Hedeker, University of Chicago Professor of Biostatistics. They discuss Don's work in nonlinear mixed effects models, the importance of variance as an outcome, and ecological momentary assessment, as well as his advice for graduate students and indeed anyone presenting and writing in our field. Also mentioned in this episode are: getting scooped, day jobs, the Brady bunch, German parents, midlife crises, beer salesmen, putting a nail through a fish, The Ramones, Anarchy in the UC, and sneaking into hotel rooms. Come for the stats, stay for the polka-infused rock and roll!

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In this episode of Quantitude, Patrick and Greg draw on their 50+ years of combined experience to offer what is clearly questionable advice for graduate students. They begin with a discussion of a recent survey of the best and worst ranked jobs possible (spoiler alert: don't be a taxi-driving logger on your newspaper reporter beat). They then proceed to discuss challenges facing graduate students today and provide some advice that might help along the way. During their discussion they also mention warm lemon-lime Snapple, Agatha Christie, the McDonald's thinking chair, hitting ideas with a shovel, moving the goal posts, mentoring by MANOVA, badging, and using strings of long words they obviously Googled. 

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Greg and Patrick plan the episode around one topic, but things take an unexpected turn as the episode rapidly devolves into a series of pop quiz questions thrown from Patrick at Greg and back again. Rules of engagement are negotiated on the spot: without preparation, each person has 90 seconds to respond to a question of the other's choosing, which is in turn graded and argued over. Pop Quiz questions wind up addressing a range of topics that are core to understanding the thoughtful application of statistics within any research application. Bruised but not broken, Greg and Patrick agree that they will meet again in the academic octagon, bringing Pop Quiz back to QPod ... when you least expect it. 

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In the second episode of Quantitude, Patrick and Greg channel the spirits of the two old men from the Muppet show (Waldorf and Statler, in case you're curious) and argue about the relative risks and benefits of statistical power analysis. They also discuss Patrick's mother, leaf blowing, 11 year-old saxophone players, the fortuitous ambiguity of child labor laws, vision in pigs, the poop emoji, and they properly use the word 'persnickety.' Enjoy! 

Stay in contact with Quantitude!

• Web page: quantitudepod.org
• TwitterX: @quantitudepod
• YouTube: @quantitudepod
• Merch: redbubble.com

Patrick and Greg offer a brief non-Hollywood quality trailer that gives an initial sense of what is in store for future listeners of Quantitude. 

Stay in contact with Quantitude!

• Web page: quantitudepod.org
• TwitterX: @quantitudepod
• YouTube: @quantitudepod
• Merch: redbubble.com

In the inaugural episode of Quantitude, Greg and Patrick introduce themselves, describe their goals for the podcast, and talk about their own professional trajectories -- kind of like superhero origin stories, but without the "super" or "hero." They also discuss what not to say in your application to a quantitative graduate program, a lifelong dream of becoming a police officer, building up to a "tight ten," hot yoga, broken legs, army recruiters, parental wisdom, and umlauts. 

Stay in contact with Quantitude!

• Web page: quantitudepod.org
• TwitterX: @quantitudepod
• YouTube: @quantitudepod
• Merch: redbubble.com