PlanetGeo: The Geology Podcast

In this episode, Chris Bolhuis and Dr. Jesse Reimink dive into the complexities of Zircon grains from the Jack Hills conglomerate in Western Australia—some of the Earth's oldest fragments. They discuss the environmental conditions necessary for their formation and survival, the role of magma differentiation in creating intermediate to felsic rocks, and the geochemical analysis using oxygen and hafnium isotopes which indicate the presence of water on Earth's surface over 4 billion years ago. The episode also explores the scientific debates surrounding these ancient minerals and their implications for our understanding of early Earth's geological history.

Stay tuned for more information, and find this episode, along with the images, on our CampGeo app below!

Download the CampGeo app now at this link.

On the app you can get tons of free content, exclusive images, and access to our Geology of National Parks series.
You can also learn the basics of geology at the college level in our FREE CampGeo content series - get learning now!

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In this episode of Planet Geo, Chris Bolhuis and Dr. Jesse Reimink dive deep into the geology of the Grand Teton National Park. They cover the park's ancient rock formations, from the Archean gneiss to the granites formed around 2.5 billion years ago. The discussion also explores significant geological events like the Severe and Laramide orogenies, the impact of the Yellowstone Hotspot Track, and the glacial activity that sculpted the dramatic landscapes of the Tetons. 

Get access to The Geology of the Grand Tetons on the CampGeo app now - link below!

Download the CampGeo app now at this link.

On the app you can get tons of free content, exclusive images, and access to our Geology of National Parks series.
You can also learn the basics of geology at the college level in our FREE CampGeo content series - get learning now!

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Download the CampGeo app now at this link.

On the app you can get tons of free content, exclusive images, and access to our Geology of National Parks series.
You can also learn the basics of geology at the college level in our FREE CampGeo content series - get learning now!

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This episode is Part 2 of our Mammoth Cave series - where we discuss the geological setup that enabled creation of the longest cave system in the world. 

The geology of the region, including the Green River, set the stage for the formation of Mammoth Cave, the largest cave system that has been mapped. 

Stay tuned for our third installment on Mammoth Cave, where we discuss the cave 'decorations' or mineral formations. 

Download the CampGeo app now at this link.

On the app you can get tons of free content, exclusive images, and access to our Geology of National Parks series.
You can also learn the basics of geology at the college level in our FREE CampGeo content series - get learning now!

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Download the CampGeo app now at this link.

On the app you can get tons of free content, exclusive images, and access to our Geology of National Parks series.
You can also learn the basics of geology at the college level in our FREE CampGeo content series - get learning now!

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This is the first episode in a series of 3 on the world's longest cave system - Mammoth Cave in Kentucky.  In this episode, Chris and Jesse talk a little about Mammoth and some of its impressive statistics.  The focus however, is more about the necessary ingredients for cave development in general.  We talk about the 4 general ingredients: suitable rock type, a solvent, hydraulic gradient, and time.  We also go into some detail on what each of these really mean.  We hope you enjoy.  In the next episode in this series, we'll talk about Mammoth specifics.

Download the CampGeo app now at this link.

On the app you can get tons of free content, exclusive images, and access to our Geology of National Parks series.
You can also learn the basics of geology at the college level in our FREE CampGeo content series - get learning now!

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In this episode, Jesse and Chris talk about the geology of Iceland - although we keep it at a high level.  We're going to come back to this - Iceland - later after Chris returns from his trip.  Then, we'll get into some of detail that makes Iceland so unique.  Here, we discuss how Iceland might be a prototype for the formation of continents and also talk a bit about the diversity of igneous rocks that make up the Island.  The diversity of rocks speaks to the diversity of volcanic activity.  We finish up the episode with a short discussion about what Chris is most looking forward to  and how the planning is going.  We hope you enjoy.

Download the CampGeo app now at this link.

On the app you can get tons of free content, exclusive images, and access to our Geology of National Parks series.
You can also learn the basics of geology at the college level in our FREE CampGeo content series - get learning now!

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Hardpan!  Where did this idea for an episode come from?  Chris has  been doing a ton of yard work lately and it’s not uncommon come across a layer when digging a hole that is next to impossible to penetrate. He has to bust out my pick axe to get through it.  It's  Called Hardpan.

• Really dense layer that often occurs below the topsoil.  
• Problems:
  • Roots can’t penetrate into the hardpan (Hayden Valley in YNP).  Trees are easily blown over if they can even grow here.
  • Water can’t penetrate so the soil layer above is easily saturated.
  • Safe to say that farmers and gardeners generally don’t like it.
  • Can even cause drainfield failure - creates an impervious layer
  • These are just a couple of problems - there are more.
• In this episode, Chris and Jesse do a deep dive into the geology of hardpan.  We hope you enjoy.

Download the CampGeo app now at this link.

On the app you can get tons of free content, exclusive images, and access to our Geology of National Parks series.
You can also learn the basics of geology at the college level in our FREE CampGeo content series - get learning now!

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Download the CampGeo app now at this link.

On the app you can get tons of free content, exclusive images, and access to our Geology of National Parks series.
You can also learn the basics of geology at the college level in our FREE CampGeo content series - get learning now!

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Today we really go into the weeds.

Jesse and a colleague just published a paper in the journal Nature that proposes a new model for how continents became stable. Stable continents have all the granite at the surface, which contains all the heat producing elements like U and Th and K - elements that decay away.

Today, we discuss that paper in detail, and along the way learn a bit about the early Earth, what we know and don't know!

Here is a link to the paper, which is open access and can be downloaded by anyone without paying. 

Download the CampGeo app now at this link.

On the app you can get tons of free content, exclusive images, and access to our Geology of National Parks series.
You can also learn the basics of geology at the college level in our FREE CampGeo content series - get learning now!

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Today, Chris and Jesse get into a discussion about Earth’s oldest material.  Earth is 4.568 Billion years old.  First of all, that’s amazing the geochronologists have refined this down to 3 decimal places.  How do we know this?  The oldest grains ever found are 4.38 billion years old.  If that’s the case, then how do we know the Earth is significantly older than that?  Join us as we answer that and many other important questions about Earth’s oldest stuff.  

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On the app you can get tons of free content, exclusive images, and access to our Geology of National Parks series.
You can also learn the basics of geology at the college level in our FREE CampGeo content series - get learning now!

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In this episode, we tackle a listener question regarding planning a geology trip for students.  Both Chris and Jesse have quite a bit of experience in planning and executing field excursions for students.  We believe that seeing geology in the field is one of the most powerful learning opportunities for students of all levels.  In our discussion, we talk about the difficulties in convincing the higher-ups that this is actually a good idea.  We also get into some of the struggles in finding excellent teacher resources.  In the end, we get a little philosophical on the importance of getting comfortable with not having all of the answers.  We think that sometimes it's important for students to know that instructors don't know it all and together we can perhaps think about things different and come to new conclusions.  We hope you enjoy. 

Download the CampGeo app now at this link.

On the app you can get tons of free content, exclusive images, and access to our Geology of National Parks series.
You can also learn the basics of geology at the college level in our FREE CampGeo content series - get learning now!

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Download the CampGeo app now at this link.

On the app you can get tons of free content, exclusive images, and access to our Geology of National Parks series.
You can also learn the basics of geology at the college level in our FREE CampGeo content series - get learning now!

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Join us as we have the honor of interviewing Dr. John Douglas.  Jesse and Chris have been following his research on how the Grand Canyon was actually formed for some time.  We have recently finished our audio-visual book on the Grand Canyon (Link above) and we have a chapter dedicated to the actual cutting of the Canyon.  The answer to this question has been elusive, but there are a few leading theories.  John has been leading the way on the Spillover Theory as a mechanism for carving the young Canyon.  It's a great geologic discussion and we hope you enjoy.

Download the CampGeo app now at this link.

On the app you can get tons of free content, exclusive images, and access to our Geology of National Parks series.
You can also learn the basics of geology at the college level in our FREE CampGeo content series - get learning now!

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The idea for this episode came from the comment section of a social media post.  It has it's roots in one of the biggest misconceptions in Geology and also Geochronology.  The comment was about radio-carbon dating and how it's been "proven" to be unreliable.  In this episode, Jesse and Chris have a discussion about the "toolbox" for geochronoligists and we also spend a lot of time talking about Uranium to Lead decay.  We hope you enjoy.

Download the CampGeo app now at this link.

On the app you can get tons of free content, exclusive images, and access to our Geology of National Parks series.
You can also learn the basics of geology at the college level in our FREE CampGeo content series - get learning now!

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In charge of the Nations Rock Collection.  That's a pretty sweet job description.  Join us as we have the honor of interviewing Dr. Mike Ackerson.  In this episode, we certainly get into some detail about igneous petrology.  Mike and Jesse are good friends and have spent some time discussing things that introductory geology classes take for granted.  For instance, there are some questions on the formation of granite.  This might seem ridiculous because this topic is covered in any intro level geology class, but there are some problems.

We also talk philosophically about geoscience education and scientific research.  In all, this discussion spans too many areas to summarize here.  We hope you enjoy!  

Download the CampGeo app now at this link.

On the app you can get tons of free content, exclusive images, and access to our Geology of National Parks series.
You can also learn the basics of geology at the college level in our FREE CampGeo content series - get learning now!

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Today, Jesse and Chris discuss the geology of Nickel - The Devil’s Metal.  Surprisingly, Earth’s core has a high percentage of Nickel - 10 to 20% of the core is nickel.  We allow ourselves the luxury of getting into the details on nickel and why the core has so much.  Of all the metals we’ve discussed on the podcast, the geology of nickel is the most complicated.  In addition to discussing the geologic settings that form or concentrate nickel, we also spend some time discussing the history and uses.  We hope you enjoy the discussion.

Download the CampGeo app now at this link.

On the app you can get tons of free content, exclusive images, and access to our Geology of National Parks series.
You can also learn the basics of geology at the college level in our FREE CampGeo content series - get learning now!

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Today, we have the another great interview - Dr. Anji Shah.   She works for the USGS and has done a lot of work on heavy-mineral sands and critical elements.  In this discussion, we talk about the paleo-environment that could concentrate critical minerals in heavy sands.  Dr. Shah also tells us how "airborn geophysics" is important in looking for mineral deposits over huge areas that are often canopy covered.  We hope you enjoy!

Download the CampGeo app now at this link.

On the app you can get tons of free content, exclusive images, and access to our Geology of National Parks series.
You can also learn the basics of geology at the college level in our FREE CampGeo content series - get learning now!

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Download the CampGeo app now at this link.

On the app you can get tons of free content, exclusive images, and access to our Geology of National Parks series.
You can also learn the basics of geology at the college level in our FREE CampGeo content series - get learning now!

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In this episode, Jesse and Chris discuss the geology of asbestos. Really, we cover all things related - history, past uses (some of which are mind boggling),  health issues, and of course the mineralogy. If you want the datail, this episode is for you. Jesse goes off the deep end a little as he nerds out on some geochemistry.  We hope you enjoy. 

Download the CampGeo app now at this link.

On the app you can get tons of free content, exclusive images, and access to our Geology of National Parks series.
You can also learn the basics of geology at the college level in our FREE CampGeo content series - get learning now!

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Dr. Adam Simon joins PlanetGeo to discuss many topics.  One of the most interesting topics of discussion is the copper dilemma facing the world.  If we want to transition to green energy like Electric Vehicles, we will face a shortage of copper.  Dr. Simon describes Copper as the artery of a green transition.   However, he's done the math and it doesn't add up.  There isn't enough to make the transition.  We hope you enjoy this extremely informative and entertaining interview.

Download the CampGeo app now at this link.

On the app you can get tons of free content, exclusive images, and access to our Geology of National Parks series.
You can also learn the basics of geology at the college level in our FREE CampGeo content series - get learning now!

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Today, Chris and Jesse once again revisit the topic of Bowen's Reaction Series.  We've never approached the topic in such a before.  The heart of our discussion centers around 1- What is Bowen's Reaction Series? and 2- How do we approach this highly idealized concept in an introductory class.  How rocks really crystallize in a geologic setting is far more complex than Bowen's Reaction Series.  This can lead to confusion when students progress in their geologic studies when they learn that Bowen's is the whole story (or even the correct story).  We hope you enjoy this technical and philosophical discussion.

Download the CampGeo app now at this link.

On the app you can get tons of free content, exclusive images, and access to our Geology of National Parks series.
You can also learn the basics of geology at the college level in our FREE CampGeo content series - get learning now!

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Today is our latest episode in our series on climate.  Jesse and Chris discuss the meaning of "Hard Water".  Chris and Jesse both have hard water at our houses and we talk about how that happens.  We wrap up this episode by talking about how the topic of hard water fits into our series and climate.  We hope you enjoy!

Download the CampGeo app now at this link.

On the app you can get tons of free content, exclusive images, and access to our Geology of National Parks series.
You can also learn the basics of geology at the college level in our FREE CampGeo content series - get learning now!

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Join us as we interview Dr. Steph Mrozek.  Steph is an economic geologist with interests in interests in skarn and porphyry deposits and geochemistry applied to mineral exploration.  In our interview, the discussion turns to degrees in geoscience and educational pursuits.  We’ve received a number of questions from listeners about what degree to pursue and how far to go.  Steph offers unique perspectives on this topic that many of our listeners will find very useful. 

Then our discussion turns to a niche geologic topic - Skarns.  Jesse and I learned a ton.  We (Jesse and I) have some personal experience with Skarn deposits, but Steph is the expert in the room for sure.

In the end, we have an in depth discussion about a career in exploration and mining geology.  This episode has so much to offer.  Listeners will learn about a topic that many aren’t familiar with and will also learn about the life and times of an exploration geologist.  We know you will enjoy this episode.

Download the CampGeo app now at this link.

On the app you can get tons of free content, exclusive images, and access to our Geology of National Parks series.
You can also learn the basics of geology at the college level in our FREE CampGeo content series - get learning now!

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Join Chris and Jesse as we tackle questions about the Grand Canyon.  A 4th grade class, Bronx Little School, reached out in a letter with a list of fantastic questions.  We knew right away we wanted to make an episode about this.  These questions, and our responses, provide a great introduction to the geology of The Grand Canyon.  Below are the questions - asked and answered:
1. How deep is the Grand Canyon?
2- Why are the rocks orange, red, and black?  How were the rocks made?
3- Why is the Grand Canyon so steep?
4- How old is each layer in the Grand Canyon?
5- They didn't ask this question, but Jesse and I couldn't resist.  So we posed the question: How did the Grand Canyon get cut?  Maybe one of these awesome students will find the answer.

We hope you all enjoy learning a little more about one of the Natural Wonders of the World.  Cheers

Download the CampGeo app now at this link.

On the app you can get tons of free content, exclusive images, and access to our Geology of National Parks series.
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Today, we re-visit one our earliest episodes that we recorded when this whole thing began.  We've decided to do a small series on Earth's climate and feel that this is the best kickoff point for that topic.  

We begin by discussing the forgotten history of climate science.  This is important because we have known the physics of greenhouse gases for over 200 years.  This pre-dates excessive fossil fuel consumption and any thought of political ideology around climate change.  We talk about following the radiation from the sun and the change that takes place when certain photons are absorbed at the Earth's surface.  That change in energy is what gets absorbed by the various greenhouse gases.  We round out the discussion by talking about several of the important gases and why carbon dioxide is the "big dog" in the discussion.  We hope you enjoy!

Download the CampGeo app now at this link.

On the app you can get tons of free content, exclusive images, and access to our Geology of National Parks series.
You can also learn the basics of geology at the college level in our FREE CampGeo content series - get learning now!

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We are on a break, but you can join us now on a virtual Summer Science Institute trip! Follow the virtual Mr. Bolhuis as we go on a geo-tour of many of the premier National Parks in the US.

Download the CampGeo app now at this link.

On the app you can get tons of free content, exclusive images, and access to our Geology of National Parks series.
You can also learn the basics of geology at the college level in our FREE CampGeo content series - get learning now!

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We are happy to announce the release of our new Geology of the Grand Canyon book on the CampGeo mobile app - Download now to start listening! 

We are on a break, but you can join us now on a virtual Summer Science Institute trip! Follow the virtual Mr. Bolhuis as we go on a geo-tour of many of the premier National Parks in the US.

Download the CampGeo app now at this link.

On the app you can get tons of free content, exclusive images, and access to our Geology of National Parks series.
You can also learn the basics of geology at the college level in our FREE CampGeo content series - get learning now!

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We are on a break, but you can join us now on a virtual Summer Science Institute trip! Follow the virtual Mr. Bolhuis as we go on a geo-tour of many of the premier National Parks in the US.

Download the CampGeo app now at this link.

On the app you can get tons of free content, exclusive images, and access to our Geology of National Parks series.
You can also learn the basics of geology at the college level in our FREE CampGeo content series - get learning now!

Like, Subscribe, and leave us a Rating!

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We are on a break, but you can join us now on a virtual Summer Science Institute trip! Follow the virtual Mr. Bolhuis as we go on a geo-tour of many of the premier National Parks in the US.

Download the CampGeo app now at this link.

On the app you can get tons of free content, exclusive images, and access to our Geology of National Parks series.
You can also learn the basics of geology at the college level in our FREE CampGeo content series - get learning now!

Like, Subscribe, and leave us a Rating!

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We are on a break, but you can join us now on a virtual Summer Science Institute trip! Follow the virtual Mr. Bolhuis as we go on a geo-tour of many of the premier National Parks in the US.

We are also excited to announce that we have just released a new audiobook on our CampGeo mobile app on Earth's Climate. It's a five-part series with all the images you need to really learn how Earth's climate works and what we can do about some issues we have with it.

You can access our CampGeo mobile app on any App Store, or just click on this link! 

Download the CampGeo app now at this link.

On the app you can get tons of free content, exclusive images, and access to our Geology of National Parks series.
You can also learn the basics of geology at the college level in our FREE CampGeo content series - get learning now!

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We are on a break, but you can join us now on a virtual Summer Science Institute trip! Follow the virtual Mr. Bolhuis as we go on a geo-tour of many of the premier National Parks in the US.

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On the app you can get tons of free content, exclusive images, and access to our Geology of National Parks series.
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We are on a break, but you can join us now on a virtual Summer Science Institute trip! Follow the virtual Mr. Bolhuis as we go on a geo-tour of many of the premier National Parks in the US.

Download the CampGeo app now at this link.

On the app you can get tons of free content, exclusive images, and access to our Geology of National Parks series.
You can also learn the basics of geology at the college level in our FREE CampGeo content series - get learning now!

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We are on a break, but you can join us now on a virtual Summer Science Institute trip! Follow the virtual Mr. Bolhuis as we go on a geo-tour of many of the premier National Parks in the US.

Download the CampGeo app now at this link.

On the app you can get tons of free content, exclusive images, and access to our Geology of National Parks series.
You can also learn the basics of geology at the college level in our FREE CampGeo content series - get learning now!

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Today, Jesse and Chris tackle the topic of the Slow Carbon Cycle.  We've been talking about this for a while now.  This is a very complicate cycle that involves many variables.  In this episode, we work through some scenarios such as the Himalayan uplift and plug them into the Carbon Cycle.  It's a little bit of mental gymnastics.  The ingredients for the Carbon Cycle to operate are freshly exposed rock, water (both in the oceans and the atmosphere), and plate tectonics.  If one of these variables is taken out, the Carbon Cycle ceases.  

Join us in this fun and interesting discussion.

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In this episode, we tackle the issue of infiltration capacity.  The idea came to us in the form of a listener question due to recent events.  Infiltration capacity is simply a way of describing the ability of soil and regolith to soak up water during storm events that drop a lot of rain in a short period of time.  There are several variables that must be accounted for in describing the infiltration capacity for a given area.  Humans have also caused a significant change related to this topic.  Join us in this fun conversation that has a lot of relevance in todays world.

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Today we talk about Copper!
The metal that is essential to all our lives, but goes largely underrated.

Here is a link to the article Chris references in the podcast talking about the sources of copper deposits. 

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This week, we are asking you to do us a favor.  We are really exited because we just launched our brand new campGeo mobile app. So, we would really appreciate if you clicked on This Link, downloaded the campGeo mobile app, and left us a rating and review on there. 

This week we talk about the origin of this concept, why we are excited about this mobile app, and what types of content can be found there today. 
Also, if you have suggestions for new types of visual audiobooks please send us an email! Or, if you have a better name for these things than 'visual audiobooks' let us know that too (we are horrible at naming things...)! 

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Today, Jesse and Chris discuss the distinction between sinkholes and karst topography.  There is a surprisingly large portion of the U.S. that has potential to be affected by karst.  It is also extremely important as a source of drinking water.  We also discuss the distinction between the technical definition of karst and what is called pseudokarst.  Below is a link to the article and diagram we allude to in the show.  We hope you enjoy.

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2023.1207689/full

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We get a bit reflective today and discuss the importance of Geoscience to society - and how it has changed in the last three years. Jesse recently went to a conference on economic mining and came away newly excited.  If the world is going to make the energy transition, certain elements are critical in allowing us to meet that demand.  Today, we talk about the issues surrounding the energy transition and how geoscientists are playing an integral role (and will continue to do so) in society.  We hope you enjoy!

If you are interested in Yellowstone National Park, or want to learn all the basics of geology, visit our newly updated CampGEO content, including a new Geology of Yellowstone National Park, available now at our web app - here!

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Today, we each give our take on disappearing streams.  When the idea was first pitched, we were thinking about 2 different things.  The result - we talked about each.  Join us as we continue our series on water.

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Today we have the great pleasure to interview a close friend of the podcast - Andrew Dewitt.  Andrew has had a long career in the environmental consulting industry and provides insights into what it take to be a geoscientist working in this field and gives lots of excellent advice. This is a must-listen episode for any aspiring young geoscientist. 

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Today, we are talking about the process of making petrified wood.  Basically, wood has to be quickly buried in a wet setting where the water is also saturated in certain minerals - usually silica.  Also, there must be little oxygen present or oxidation reactions have to occur to use up all of the available oxygen.  This prevents the wood from getting eaten by decomposers.  We will also get into the geologic settings where this is likely to occur.

Finally, we talk a little about how we come up with ages of petrified wood and use this to kick off a series on Geochronology.  Enjoy!

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Today, we talk about all things soil creep.  Have you ever been on a steep slope and seen bent or curved trees, slanted fence posts, slanted headstones or signs?  Look closely and you can often see the surface has a rippled appearance.  Soil Creep is a form of what we call Mass Wasting in Geology.  Mud flows, avalanche, and rockfall are also examples of Mass Wasting.  Creep just happens very, very slowly.  Join us and learn how this fascinating process works!

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Just as in so many aspects of the way the world works, geology determines the drainage patterns (or watershed) of rivers.  Today, we discuss the major types of drainage patterns - they're not random and we also get into how the geology at the surface determines this shape.  This is a continuation of our series on water.

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Today, we cover something very interesting - a new initiative by the United States Geological Survey to map Earth's resources at a new level. Geology is newly relevant to society and. some people argue we are entering a new 'golden age' of geology - how exciting! 

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Today, we cover one of our favorite past times - RockHounding! It's a totally fun, engaging activity that gets you outside and learning about nature. And, who knows, you might find something spectacular along the way! 

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In this episode we start a looong conversation about how to identify rocks. We begin by outlining a few simple rules to go by, and how to start to think about identifying rocks when you find them out in the world! 

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Listen to Yellowstone's rock music here!

Today we talk about the fun exercise of turning seismic activity recorded live from Yellowstone National Park, turning it into musical notes, and playing it for a live audience!  As usual, we get into the geology behind the story! 

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Today, we talk about Uranium!

Uranium is a really interesting element and today we talk about how it's used, a bit about nuclear reactors, then dive into the geology. Uranium has two major oxidation states, 4+ and 6+ and the chemical differences between these really drive how Uranium deposits form! 

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In PlanetGeo today, we discuss one aspect of Yellowstone National Park Geology that goes under-appreciated - the Absaroka Volcanics. They are a geological curiosity, but a massive one at that - the volume of volcanic rocks produced by the Absaroka volcanoes dwarfs the Yellowstone hotspot. 

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Today we are extremely honored to get the opportunity to discuss all things geoscience and National Defense with Dr. Stefanie Tompkins, the Director of DARPA! Dr. Tompkins is the first Presidential Appointee we have ever had on our podcast and in this interview she clearly shows why she has achieved such an incredible level of success in her career. 

With Dr. Tompkins we discuss the value of geoscience training, the role of research funding, and how varied geoscience careers can become. We hope you enjoy this conversation as much as we did! 

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Today we talk all about Levees!  They are a very important and under-appreciated aspect of our society, infrastructure, and river systems!

Here is a link to the excellent article that we mention in the podcast. Please let us know if you have questions!
Levee Link

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Today, Jesse and Chris discuss a headline that's been making a splash lately.  There was a paper recently published that looked into why some areas of New York City appear to be sinking.  We took this as an opportunity to discuss an important geologic concept - Isostasy or Isostic Adjustment.  Our conversation spanned glaciers, mountains, and cities.  We hope you enjoy.  Below is a link to the published paper.  I've also included a link to one of the articles written about the published paper.  

https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2022EF003465

https://time.com/6283322/new-york-city-sinking/

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Today, Jesse and Chris take on a couple of listener questions.  One is regarding a passion for geoscience and would like to know our opinion on returning to school for a trajectory change.

The other question is more for Jesse.  It regards recent changes in mass spectrometry so we re-visit this important topic.  We hope you enjoy.

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Here is a link to the paper we discuss in this episode:

In this episode, we talk about meandering streams.  Why don't rivers flow in straight paths?  As soon as a river flattens out, it begins to meander.  It’s these meanders that manage the energy of the water.  How?  They really do 2 things: 1- they increase the resistance (physics) and 2- they decrease the gradient.  Essentially, the river is changing itself to minimize the energy it expends to maintain a state of equilibrium.  We also get into some detail.  Meanders are not random.  They are directly related to the width of the river and also the radius of the meander curvature.  It's a really cool aspects to river morphology.  

We also talk about things that can start meanders.  And finally, we briefly discuss one of geology's more beautiful features - entrenched meanders.  We hope you enjoy!

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In this episode, we talk about meandering streams.  Why don't rivers flow in straight paths?  As soon as a river flattens out, it begins to meander.  It’s these meanders that manage the energy of the water.  How?  They really do 2 things: 1- they increase the resistance (physics) and 2- they decrease the gradient.  Essentially, the river is changing itself to minimize the energy it expends to maintain a state of equilibrium.  We also get into some detail.  Meanders are not random.  They are directly related to the width of the river and also the radius of the meander curvature.  It's a really cool aspects to river morphology.  

We also talk about things that can start meanders.  And finally, we briefly discuss one of geology's more beautiful features - entrenched meanders.  We hope you enjoy!

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Download the CampGeo app now at this link.

On the app you can get tons of free content, exclusive images, and access to our Geology of National Parks series.
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In this episode, we interview author Andrew Alden.  He wrote Deep Oakland: How Geology Shaped a City.  This book is a wonderful read and it offers a unique lens in which to view a city.  Jesse and Chris both think that this idea should become a series - much like the Roadside Geology series.  

Andrew talks about his motivation for the monumental task.  The 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake that shook the city of San Francisco and kind of woke him up to the idea.  Deep Oakland is an intricate story involving the intersection of geology and humanity.  Specifically, geology determined early decisions in the planning of Oakland. Join us in this interesting conversation.

You can purchase Andrew's book Deep Oakland HERE

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Today, we answer some listener questions in what we call "office hours".  We each chose a question for the other to answer.  We did not know what questions we would be asked so our answers were on the fly.  Jesse asks Chris a question from Joyce (his mom) about a new word that she needs to know.  Chris chose paleomagnetism.  Then, Jesse asked a more serious question regarding the potential for humans to influence the chemistry of magma in the geologic future.

Chris chose a question from Ava regarding the origin of slab pull as a mechanism for plate tectonics.  We hope you enjoy!

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Join us today as we discuss one of the more important ancient rock formations - Banded Iron Formations or otherwise known as BIF's in the geologic community.  Wherever found, they provide us with Iron ore - some of the best on the planet.  In this episode, we delve into the geologic story of how these important and beautiful rocks formed.  There is some newer research that has altered some earlier thinking on BIF formation.  We hope you enjoy.

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In this episode, we take on the topic of Barrier Islands.  This is a very relevant topic because recent storms have devastated some of these Islands.  The intersection between geology and humans is always an interesting topic.  
Barrier Islands need three things:

• Sand supply
• Broad sloping coastline
• Waves/tides/currents must be strong enough to move sand (high-ish energy)
  • Waves must be dominant 

In this context we discuss the 3 ways in which they form.  Each Island has it's own unique story and all 3 scenarios play a role.  

We also discuss the function of Barrier Islands in terms of protecting the mainland and also unique biological habitats.

We hope you enjoy, and as usual please send us any questions you have!

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In this episode, Chris and Jesse give a live talk at Grand Valley State University.  We were invited to speak by the student chapter of the AAPG - American Association of Petroleum Geologists.  They were interested in hearing our "story" about how each of us came into the geoscience field and how PlanetGeo came about.  There was also a Q and A session where we were asked a variety of questions that spanned many topics.  

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We hope you enjoy, and as usual please send us any questions you have!

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 In this episode, Chris and Jesse give a live talk at Grand Valley State University.  We were invited to speak by the student chapter of the AAPG - American Association of Petroleum Geologists.  They were interested in hearing our "story" about how each of us came into the geoscience field and how PlanetGeo came about.  There was also a Q and A session where we were asked a variety of questions that spanned many topics.  

We hope you enjoy, and as usual please send us any questions you have!

Download the CampGeo app now at this link.

On the app you can get tons of free content, exclusive images, and access to our Geology of National Parks series.
You can also learn the basics of geology at the college level in our FREE CampGeo content series - get learning now!

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Today, we talk about Rocks and climate.  Specifically, we discuss the ways that ancient rocks would have interacted with our ancient atmosphere.  We begin by talking a little about the Carbon Cycle and how it's affected by plate tectonics.  We then discuss some ways that experimental researchers are making rocks in the lab and studying the ways that changing gas compositions affect the oxidation state of mafic minerals.  

We hope you enjoy, and as usual please send us any questions you have!

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Today, Jesse has a bone to pick with Chris.  After he gets some issues off his chest, we tackle the topics of  Internal Dynamics and Plate Tectonics.  Specifically:

• What is the interior structure of the Earth? Chemistry/ physical behavior
• How do we know the interior structure of the Earth?
• Why is the hottest layer of the Earth a solid?  
• Why is the LOC liquid?
• What are the 4 main mechanisms for PT?

We hope you enjoy, and as usual please send us any questions you have!

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Rock Man Ethan is a geoscience communicator and producer of the What's Inside That Rock video series - you can find Ethan on all the social media channels (TikTok, Instagram, Twitter) @rockmanethan.  Make sure to check him out! 


We hope you enjoy, and as usual please send us any questions you have!

Download the CampGeo app now at this link.

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New minerals are being 'discovered' every year, and there are press articles about them all the time!  In this episode we go behind the scenes and dive into what it takes to name a mineral, where new minerals are being found, and why it's important to our everyday lives. 

We hope you enjoy, and as usual please send us any questions you have!

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We hope you enjoy!

Like, Subscribe, and leave us a Rating!

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In this episode, we tackle the issue of when plate tectonics started on Earth and why this is an important question.  This is a large part of Jesse's research so he has a lot to say.  In order to address this question, we first discuss some parameters and what defines plate tectonics.

We also get into some detail by discussing some variations on the plate tectonics model:  Things like sagduction, squishy-lid tectonics, stagnant lid tectonics and episodic tectonics to name a few.  

We hope you enjoy!

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Do you like wine?  Do you know what Terroir is?  Our guest, Brenna Quigley, is a leader in the geology of wine and how the geology affects the flavor profile of the grapes - in other words, Terroir!  She can be found here to learn more!

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In today's episode, we continue with our series on 'So... You think you know plate tectonics?'  - Part 3.
We tackle these questions regarding Planetary Tectonics:

• What would the Earth look like if PT was not an active process?
  • Mars has all of the solar system’s largest volcanoes.  Why?
• Is there granite on other planets?
  • No water, no granites, no oceans, no continents
• Why does PT make Earth a beautiful planet?

We also discuss some future episode ideas that happened to come up during the discussion - like doing an episode series on the Carbon Cycle. 

We hope you enjoy!
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You can also check out Jesse's Etsy shop here - JRRStonework and use promo code PLANETGEO10 for a 10% discount on all items.

Rare Earth Elements are a huge topic in mining and geology now, and in technology. The most important at the moment is Neodymium (Nd) and it is also really important for geology research.  Let’s cover the basics.

In this episode, we discuss Neodymium in two broad concepts: 1- the importance for society and geological research, and 2- the geology of Neodymium.

Some example of the societal importance are that these are the strongest commercially available magnets, they are used in electric and hybrid vehicle motors - the two motors in a Tesla that make it go fast!  Toyota Prius said to contain ~ 1kg of Nd in it’s motor, it's used in wind turbines, Buckeyballs (banned because kids kept swallowing them, they're use in MRI machines.  These are just a few examples.

Join us in this fun discussion about a very important REE.

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We are on a break still, but releasing episodes on the really important elements - where they are found, why the are found there, and why we care about these elements in our society!  There is some really interesting stuff in here, so enjoy.

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Lithium is only becoming more important to our society, and demand for lithium continues to skyrocket since it is used in everything from Tesla batteries to ceramics.  Your phone has ~3g of lithium in it!

We cover the geology of lithium in this episode - where it occurs and why! 

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You can also check out Jesse's Etsy shop here - JRRStonework and use promo code PLANETGEO10 for a 10% discount on all items.

We are on a break still, but releasing episodes on the really important elements - where they are found, why the are found there, and why we care about these elements in our society!  There is some really interesting stuff in here, so enjoy.

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Today we have the great pleasure of talking about a very important topic, while interviewing one of the best and most interesting people we've had the pleasure of speaking with!

Dr. Nedal Nassar is the Chief of the US Geological Survey’s Materials Flow Analysis Section, he has a PhD in Industrial Ecology from Yale and is a Leading member of the US National Science and Technology Council.  In addition, he was awarded the 2019 Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers, which is a very VERY big deal! 
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We are on a break still, but releasing episodes on the really important elements - where they are found, why the are found there, and why we care about these elements in our society!  There is some really interesting stuff in here, so enjoy.

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You can also check out Jesse's Etsy shop here - JRRStonework and use promo code PLANETGEO10 for a 10% discount on all items.

We are on a break still, but releasing episodes on the really important elements - where they are found, why the are found there, and why we care about these elements in our society!  There is some really interesting stuff in here, so enjoy.

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We are on a break! But, we have so much great volcanology content from past episodes and interviews, we decided to release them all in a sequence.  Four parts will be coming at you over the next few weeks, with interviews from some of the top volcanologists out there in the field.  Let us know what you think!

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We are on a break! But, we have so much great volcanology content from past episodes and interviews, we decided to release them all in a sequence.  Four parts will be coming at you over the next few weeks, with interviews from some of the top volcanologists out there in the field.  Let us know what you think!

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We are on a break! But, we have so much great volcanology content from past episodes and interviews, we decided to release them all in a sequence.  Four parts will be coming at you over the next few weeks, with interviews from some of the top volcanologists out there in the field.  Let us know what you think!

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We are on a break! But, we have so much great volcanology content from past episodes and interviews, we decided to release them all in a sequence.  Four parts will be coming at you over the next few weeks, with interviews from some of the top volcanologists out there in the field.  Let us know what you think!

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In today's episode, we continue with our series on 'So... You think you know plate tectonics?'  - Part 2. 

Can you answer the following questions?
   1- How do sedimentary rocks relate to plate tectonics?
   2- How does plate tectonics explain or relate to the formation of metamorphic rocks?
   3- How does plate tectonics relate to the formation of very important mineral resources?

Jesse and Chris have a casual conversation centered around relating these questions to plate tectonics.  We would love feedback and / or listener questions regarding this episode or the series in general.  Enjoy!



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You can find out more about Cate Larsen and all her social media links  here at groovygeologist.com!

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Cate - aka - groovygeologist is a geo-communicator.  She utilizes the power of the internet to bring geology education to the masses.  She has a B.S. in geology and a passion for teaching.  Cate has her hands in a lot of things.  She hosts a weekly livestream called Rocks and Hops where she teaches more structured lessons while drinking a craft beer.  She also hosts a podcast called The Schist of It. 

Jesse and Chris ran into Cate at the GSA meetings in Denver this past October.  We knew right away that this would be a great opportunity to look at geoscience education in a very unique way.  We hope you enjoy this entertaining interview.

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One day, I (Chris) walked into class and announced that we were beginning plate tectonics.  I was so excited to begin teaching this content.  The response from my students was not at all what I expected.  They let me know that they had all the plate tectonics they could handle in middle school and there wasn't anything left to learn.  They knew the 3 basic types of plate boundaries (kind of) - divergent, convergent, and the T-one.  I then started asking deeper level questions that tested their ability to apply this huge theory to make sense of the world around them.

During lunch that day, I began writing a series of questions about the unifying theory of plate tectonics.  Needless to say, their understanding was skin deep and that's totally Okay.  I wanted to show that we can take a basic understanding and use it to make so much more sense of our world. 

That "event" gave me the idea to do a series on PlanetGeo covering a deep dive into plate tectonics.  Jesse was not easy to convince.  He felt like it was too massive.  Anyway, I won and here comes the series.  In this episode, we answer the following questions:
1.  How does plate tectonics explain the formation of basalt?
2. How does plate tectonics explain the formation of andesite?
3. How does plate tectonics explain the formation of granite?

We hope you enjoy!


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Link to: Barrenlands: The Epic Search for Diamonds in Canada's

Today, we get to interview author Kevin Krajick.  Below is a small sample of his credentials and accolades.

• Senior Editor Science News Communications, Columbia Climate School
• Author at State of the Planet
• Work has been featured in National Geographic, Newsweek, The New Yorker, Science, Smithsonian Mag, etc
• Two time Winner of the American Geophysical Union's Walter Sullivan Award - excellence in science journalism
• Finalist for the National Magazine Award for Public Service

We were interested in interviewing Kevin because of his book on Searching for diamonds in the Northwest Territories in Canada.  This is a place near and dear to Jesse's heart because he does a lot of research up there.  The book is exceptional and reads more like a novel mainly because of two featured individuals: Chuck Fipke and Stewart (Stu) Blusson.  They are both Canadian geologists, prospectors, businessmen, helicopter pilot, etc.  Check the link below for the book.

In addition to writing this book, Kevin is a writer for the Columbia Climate School (https://news.climate.columbia.edu/).  He has written on an impressive array of topic from climate, Earth science, and society.  

We hope you enjoy this interesting interview.  Cheers.

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Link to: Barrenlands: The Epic Search for Diamonds in Canada's

Today, we get to interview author Kevin Krajick.  Below is a small sample of his credentials and accolades.

• Senior Editor Science News Communications, Columbia Climate School
• Author at State of the Planet
• Work has been featured in National Geographic, Newsweek, The New Yorker, Science, Smithsonian Mag, etc
• Two time Winner of the American Geophysical Union's Walter Sullivan Award - excellence in science journalism
• Finalist for the National Magazine Award for Public Service

We were interested in interviewing Kevin because of his book on Searching for diamonds in the Northwest Territories in Canada.  This is a place near and dear to Jesse's heart because he does a lot of research up there.  The book is exceptional and reads more like a novel mainly because of two featured individuals: Chuck Fipke and Stewart (Stu) Blusson.  They are both Canadian geologists, prospectors, businessmen, helicopter pilot, etc.  Check the link below for the book.

In addition to writing this book, Kevin is a writer for the Columbia Climate School (https://news.climate.columbia.edu/).  He has written on an impressive array of topic from climate, Earth science, and society.  

We hope you enjoy this interesting interview.  Cheers.

Learn all the basics of geology in our new conversational textbook - campGEO!
Available here: geo.campcourses.com


Remember you can Support Us Here,
and share PlanetGeo with your friends and family!

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You can also learn the basics of geology at the college level in our FREE CampGeo content series - get learning now!

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In this episode, we tackle the confusing industry of "granite" countertops.  It's confusing because it seems as though all rock countertops are called "granite".  However, to a geologist, granite is a very specific type of rock and only a small percentage of countertops are actually granite.  

There are maybe 5 or so major rock types that are all found in the "granite" countertop category.  We spend some time talking about each major type:

• Marble - this might be named accurately actually in most places.  Is it very white with no distinct grains showing?  Then it is probably marble.  Especially if it has long dark wavys streaks
• Granite - there is some real granite in there!  Does it have pink, white, grey, and a few black flecks in it?  Most of the grains are smaller than your fingernail? Then it may actually be granite.  Can be white - no pink, too.  Has to have some black flecks and some gray too. 
• Pegmatite - Does it have really really large grains?  The size of your finger?  Grey, white, black, with crazy textures in between them?  It might be a pegmatite
• Schist/gneiss - does it have a definite texture and pattern in one direction?  Are their little waves of light and dark wavy patterns? Are there big deep purple garnets in it or blue flakes?  What about dark and light bands with an overall darker color?  It could be gneiss or schist. 
• Conglomerate - does it have a bunch of round or oblong grains in it of a variety of colors?  Could be a conglomerate - these are spectacular. 
• There are others to be sure.  These are just the most common.

We also talk about another type that is growing in popularity - Quartz counters.  They aren't actually quartz though.  We like this option a lot because it's a green product.  No rock was mined for the specific purpose of making countertops.  Quartz countertops are a form of engineered stone, made from ground-up particles of stone bound together with plastic resins.  About 90% of the material is Crushed up waste granite, marble, and natural stone or recycled industrial wastes such as ceramic, silica, glass, mirrors, etc.

We hope you enjoy!
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In this episode, we dive into a very important topic that will play an increasing role in the climate change crisis.  Carbon (CO2) capture and storage (CCS) is a big geoscience problem, and a possible solution to climate change.  But, we need to understand these two terms well - it’s all about making rocks!

The oceans capture carbon for us, but we want to help this process along.  In order to do that, we need to find ways to concentrate the Carbon because it's in such a low overall concentration in the atmosphere.  We discuss some of the ways companies are trying to speed up the concentration process.

Once the Carbon is captured, we need to find ways to store it.  Rocks such as limestone in the ocean is a natural way for Carbon storage.  Again, we discuss some of the creative ways companies are researching to effectively store the captured carbon.  We hope you enjoy our discussion on the very important topic.

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Click this link to try campGEO today!


Today, we are very excited to launch campGEO - our conversational textbook to help you learn geology. 

This is a structured and image-based approach to learning.  Geology is a visual field, so you need images to fully understand what we are talking about!  Now you have them.  Login to campGEO using the common social media logins, and access all our content for free! 

You can also visit our website CampCourses where you can find the link and a QR code to share.

Remember, if you like what we do here, share with your friends, leave us a rating and a review, and follow us on social media!

www.campcourses.com


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This is a link to the video of the Quick Clay Slide at Dissa video Dr. Alley references. This shows what can also happen to a glacier when it loses it's toe-hold as described in this episode.

Dr. Richard Alley is a renowned glaciologist and paleoclimate scientist.  He is also widely regarded as one of the best professors at Penn State University.  Below is a list of his impressive credentials:

• National Academy of Sciences
• Foreign Member of the Royal Society
• Evan Pugh University Professorship
• Penn State’s top teaching award
• Presidential Young Investigator Award
• Earth - the Operator’s Manual - 
• Briefed senators, international legislators, and a sitting US Vice President
• Published an unbelievable >310 papers/books/etc

Join us as we discuss climate change, glaciers, and sea level.  Much of his current research is on a Western Antarctic glacier called Thwaites Glacier.  It's been dubbed the doomsday glacier because of its likely impact on sea level.  Alley is a gifted speaker and uses  incredible analogies to paint a vivid picture. 

Another big part of the discussion is how Carbon is the thermostat control knob for our atmosphere.  We hope you enjoy the discussion.  We did!

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Download the CampGeo app now at this link.

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Dr. Richard Alley is a renowned glaciologist and paleoclimate scientist.  He is also widely regarded as one of the best professors at Penn State University.  Below is a list of his impressive credentials:

• National Academy of Sciences
• Foreign Member of the Royal Society
• Evan Pugh University Professorship
• Penn State’s top teaching award
• Presidential Young Investigator Award
• Earth - the Operator’s Manual - 
• Briefed senators, international legislators, and a sitting US Vice President
• Published an unbelievable >310 papers/books/etc

Join us as we discuss climate change, glaciers, and sea level.  Much of his current research is on a Western Antarctic glacier called Thwaites Glacier.  It's been dubbed the doomsday glacier because of its likely impact on sea level.  Alley is a gifted speaker and uses  incredible analogies to paint a vivid picture. 

Another big part of the discussion is how Carbon is the thermostat control knob for our atmosphere.  We hope you enjoy the discussion.  We did!


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Download the CampGeo app now at this link.

On the app you can get tons of free content, exclusive images, and access to our Geology of National Parks series.
You can also learn the basics of geology at the college level in our FREE CampGeo content series - get learning now!

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536 AD was not a good year to be to be a human - especially in Eastern Europe.  Below are some written descriptions of what it was like:

• Michael the Syrian, wrote: "[T]he sun became dark and its darkness lasted for one and a half years [...] Each day it shone for about four hours and still this light was only a feeble shadow [...] the fruits did not ripen and the wine tasted like sour grapes."
• A prefect of Italy at the time, wrote: "so we have had a winter without storms, spring without mildness, summer without heat."
• A roman politician wrote: “the sun had a buish color, the moon lost its luster and the seasons seem to be jumbled up together.

Global temperatures fell by 2.5 degrees C (5 degrees F) on average.  The culprit was an Icelandic volcano that began eruption in early 536 AD.  This was punctuated by another eruption in 540, the bubonic plague in 541, and another eruption in 547 to round out one of the worst decades to be alive on Earth.  All of these events caused a combined effect that took the planet over a hundred years to recover.  

In this episode, we discuss a little about the geology of Icelandic volcanoes and why they are so diverse.  However, the main focus is on the process of scientific discovery.  We dive into ice core analysis and tree ring data that helped researchers piece together the puzzle.

Join Jesse and Chris as we discuss what might have been the worst year, decade, or century to be a human in modern times. 

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Canyonlands National Park is the (big) sibling to Arches - the geology is very similar but the view you get on that geology is completely different!

Here we discuss some of the differences, and give a quick rundown of where to go to see some of that spectacular geology. 

As always, send us any questions you may have!

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Arches are an amazing geologic feature and they occur in very high density in Arches National Park - located in Utah! 

In this episode we discuss the regional geology of the area, the Paradox Basin, and then get into some of the detailed processes that form arches throughout the park! 

As always, send us any questions you may have! 

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After a long break from recording, Chris and Jesse return to our studios to discuss our extremely busy summer.  Jesse recaps his trip to Hawaii where he saw some amazing geology.  He also talks about teaching field camp in Idaho to some of the Penn State undergrads.  His favorite though, was continuing his field research in the Northwest Territories of Canada.  He and his PhD student collected over 1,000 pounds of rocks.  When asked about his favorite rocks seen this summer, Jesse didn't hesitate - the ancient rocks in Northern Canada.  The toothpaste rocks won out over the much younger pahoehoe rocks of Hawaii.

Chris talked about taking 26 high school seniors out West for 3 weeks on the field course that he teaches.  They went to the South Dakota Badlands, Black Hills, Devils Tower, Grand Tetons, Yellowstone, and Glacier National Park.  The floods that ravaged Yellowstone in early June didn't prevent the students from learning about the incredible geology of Yellowstone.  Following this, Chris returned to the West with his family to hike and climb.  They went to the flatirons of Red Rocks and then on to Long's Peak.  The Long's Peak granite was easily his favorite rock of the summer.  The rock is interesting because it is a porphyritic granite.  The huge phenocrysts are peculiar because they are not randomly oriented.  Instead, they are aligned in a preferred direction which is a topic of current research.  After leaving Colorado, Chris and family spent the next two weeks banging around in the Tetons.

We wrap up the episode by discussing a couple of mineral pairs that can be confusing to identify in the field.  Join us as we have a casual conversation about some incredible geology!

As always, send us any questions you may have! 

Like, Subscribe, and leave us a rating! 


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Sand comes from chemical and/or physical weathering of rocks, and is critically important to our society! 

Most sand formation begins in the soil - soil has water to further break down the pieces. And the location where sand is formed plays a really important role in how useful sand is for concrete and ceramics.  Most beach sand and desert sand is too rounded to be used! 

As always, send us any questions you may have! 

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Download the CampGeo app now at this link.

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Today we talk about the basic Principles of Geology - the basic observations that allow us to put geologic events in a relative order of when they occurred.  

The five principles are 1) Superposition, 2) Original Horizontality, 3) Cross-cutting Relationships, 4) Inclusions, and 5) Correlation/Continuity.

Armed with these five rules, you can understand a lot more about the history of the world around you! 

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Download the CampGeo app now at this link.

On the app you can get tons of free content, exclusive images, and access to our Geology of National Parks series.
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The Earth is old...very old.  But, the Solar System is older! 

We discuss how we know the age of the Earth, what the age of a planet means anyways, and how planets form! 

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Thank you Valeria, Chelsea and Natalia for the excellent questions! Keep them coming! 

Today we answer some of your very interesting geoscience questions ranging from how the moon formed to what's going on in Vinicunca Peru! 

We talk about the Mendocino Triple Junction, one of the most rapidly rising places on Earth, the magma ocean's that formed the moon, and how sedimentary rocks can get such spectacularly beautiful coloring to them! 

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Download the CampGeo app now at this link.

On the app you can get tons of free content, exclusive images, and access to our Geology of National Parks series.
You can also learn the basics of geology at the college level in our FREE CampGeo content series - get learning now!

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Lithium is only becoming more important to our society, and demand for lithium continues to skyrocket since it is used in everything from Tesla batteries to ceramics.  Your phone has ~3g of lithium in it! 

We cover the geology of lithium in this episode - where it occurs and why!  

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Website: https://planetgeocast.com/

Download the CampGeo app now at this link.

On the app you can get tons of free content, exclusive images, and access to our Geology of National Parks series.
You can also learn the basics of geology at the college level in our FREE CampGeo content series - get learning now!

Like, Subscribe, and leave us a Rating!

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Learn all the basics of geology in our new conversational textbook - campGEO!
Available here: geo.campcourses.com

Thank you Cathy and Matt for the excellent questions!  Cathy sent us a question associated with This Article and Matt asked about Michigan geology (perhaps not knowing the long-winded answer he was in for!).

We received a TON of excellent questions from you all so we will have a Part 2 coming out soon - stay tuned to hear answers to your questions! 

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Instagram: @planetgeocast
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Facebook: @planetgeocast
Email: [email protected]
Website: https://planetgeocast.com/

Download the CampGeo app now at this link.

On the app you can get tons of free content, exclusive images, and access to our Geology of National Parks series.
You can also learn the basics of geology at the college level in our FREE CampGeo content series - get learning now!

Like, Subscribe, and leave us a Rating!

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Learn all the basics of geology in our new conversational textbook - campGEO!
Available here: geo.campcourses.com


Devils Tower National Monument is a must see on any road trip in South Dakota! In fact, you can think of Chris Bolhuis while you are listening, as he is currently teaching 26 lucky high school students at Devils Tower at the moment!

The geology of this amazing spectacle has it all - beautiful sedimentary rocks, unique volcanic rocks, and great columnar joints that make the Tower look utterly striking. 

Devils Tower is a unique rock called a phonolite, and it represents some part of an ancient volcano's plumbing system - a 40 million year old volcano! 

As usual Like, Subscribe, and leave us a Rating, but don't forget to share PlanetGeo with someone you know!


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Instagram: @planetgeocast
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Email: [email protected]
Website: https://planetgeocast.com/

Download the CampGeo app now at this link.

On the app you can get tons of free content, exclusive images, and access to our Geology of National Parks series.
You can also learn the basics of geology at the college level in our FREE CampGeo content series - get learning now!

Like, Subscribe, and leave us a Rating!

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Learn all the basics of geology in our new conversational textbook - campGEO!
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Badlands National Park is a spectacular place to visit! If you are traveling to the Rocky Mountains, it is a great stop to get started. 

Fossils are everywhere in the Badlands National Park, and the rocks have really amazing colorations to them. 

However, badlands are a geologic feature! There are a few specific things required to form badlands and we discuss those key traits, as well as some of the basic principles of badlands generally. 

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Website: https://planetgeocast.com/

Download the CampGeo app now at this link.

On the app you can get tons of free content, exclusive images, and access to our Geology of National Parks series.
You can also learn the basics of geology at the college level in our FREE CampGeo content series - get learning now!

Like, Subscribe, and leave us a Rating!

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Learn all the basics of geology in our new conversational textbook - campGEO!
Available here: geo.campcourses.com

After Listening back on this episode (both the short and the full interview), my wife and I had a conversation.  I asked her what she thought.  Her reply was that she was full of hope after listening.  Join us as we have an incredible conversation with Ashley Grosh.  She is Vice President of the Breakthrough Energy Fellows program which is designed to find and fund innovators working to bring climate technology solutions to the market.  She worked at Wells Fargo for 15 years where she managed a $100 million impact program and was largely involved as a thought leader in the company's overall ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) and sustainable finance strategies and commitments.

Ashely is a former athlete and avid sports fan.  She played Division 1 soccer for University of Colorado.  She now coaches soccer for Colorado Elevation FC - academy soccer program.
Team sports, and the lessons one can learn, have always been a huge part of her life.  In the Short episode, Ashley talks about the parallels between team sports and professional teams.   She also wanted to sneak in some geology to the conversation by talking about a new way to mine from the seafloor.  Here is the link that was alluded to in the episode:   https://impossiblemining.com/

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Instagram: @planetgeocast
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Website: https://planetgeocast.com/

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Instagram: @planetgeocast
Twitter: @planetgeocast
Facebook: @planetgeocast
Email: [email protected]
Website: https://planetgeocast.com/

Download the CampGeo app now at this link.

On the app you can get tons of free content, exclusive images, and access to our Geology of National Parks series.
You can also learn the basics of geology at the college level in our FREE CampGeo content series - get learning now!

Like, Subscribe, and leave us a Rating!

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Instagram: @planetgeocast
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Support us: https://planetgeocast.com/support-us
Email: [email protected]
Website: https://planetgeocast.com/

Learn all the basics of geology in our new conversational textbook - campGEO!
Available here: geo.campcourses.com

After Listening back on this episode (both the short and the full interview), my wife and I had a conversation.  I asked her what she thought.  Her reply was that she was full of hope after listening.  Join us as we have an incredible conversation with Ashley Grosh.  She is Vice President of the Breakthrough Energy Fellows program which is designed to find and fund innovators working to bring climate technology solutions to the market.  She worked at Wells Fargo for 15 years where she managed a $100 million impact program and was largely involved as a thought leader in the company's overall ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) and sustainable finance strategies and commitments.

Ashely is a former athlete and avid sports fan.  She played Division 1 soccer for University of Colorado.  She now coaches soccer for Colorado Elevation FC - academy soccer program.
Team sports, and the lessons one can learn, have always been a huge part of her life.  In the Short episode, Ashley talks about the parallels between team sports and professional teams.   She also wanted to sneak in some geology to the conversation by talking about a new way to mine from the seafloor.  Here is the link that was alluded to in the episode:   https://impossiblemining.com/

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Instagram: @planetgeocast
Twitter: @planetgeocast
Facebook: @planetgeocast
Email: [email protected]
Website: https://planetgeocast.com/

Download the CampGeo app now at this link.

On the app you can get tons of free content, exclusive images, and access to our Geology of National Parks series.
You can also learn the basics of geology at the college level in our FREE CampGeo content series - get learning now!

Like, Subscribe, and leave us a Rating!

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Instagram: @planetgeocast
Twitter: @planetgeocast
Facebook: @planetgeocast
Support us: https://planetgeocast.com/support-us
Email: [email protected]
Website: https://planetgeocast.com/

Learn all the basics of geology in our new conversational textbook - campGEO!
Available here: geo.campcourses.com

People often wonder, why can't we date diamonds?  Today, we answer that! 

Here, we talk through the basics of Carbon Dating, also called RadioCarbon Dating!  Radiocarbon is an awesome technique that also has some really common misconceptions about it.  We go through the basics of this amazing method, with great analogies as usual, and we cover all those misconceptions!

Carbon dating is a great tool for dating things that were once alive.  However, the half-life of Carbon-14 is 5,730 years.  This means that after something has been dead for over 50,000 years, there is virtually no Carbon-14 left to date.  This is why Carbon dating can't be used on dinosaurs (or diamonds) - no Carbon-14 remains.  

Also, Carbon dating is not an appropriate tool for dating most rocks for two reasons.  First, most rocks don't have abundant Carbon-14 when they formed.  Second, most rocks are very, very old.  Fortunately, there are many other appropriate tools that scientists can use to date rocks.  Jesse is definitely the expert in the room in this discussion.  His research involves different dating methods that he's been using for years.  We hope you enjoy the discussion.


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Instagram: @planetgeocast
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Facebook: @planetgeocast
Email: [email protected]
Website: https://planetgeocast.com/

Download the CampGeo app now at this link.

On the app you can get tons of free content, exclusive images, and access to our Geology of National Parks series.
You can also learn the basics of geology at the college level in our FREE CampGeo content series - get learning now!

Like, Subscribe, and leave us a Rating!

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Learn all the basics of geology in our new conversational textbook - campGEO!
Available here: geo.campcourses.com

In todays episode, Jesse and Chris re-visit an idea on GeoScience in the news.  This was fun for us.  We didn't talk before we picked our topics.  We realized that there are so many geoscience topics in the news and that we need to do more of this type of thing.  Here are the links to our articles we chose.  Sit back and enjoy!!

Link to Chris's Article

Link to Jesse's article


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Website: https://planetgeocast.buzzsprout.com/

Download the CampGeo app now at this link.

On the app you can get tons of free content, exclusive images, and access to our Geology of National Parks series.
You can also learn the basics of geology at the college level in our FREE CampGeo content series - get learning now!

Like, Subscribe, and leave us a Rating!

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Learn all the basics of geology in our new conversational textbook - campGEO!
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Join us this week for our interview of Dr. Robin George Andrews.  Robin George Andrews is a freelance science journalist based in London. His work has appeared in National Geographic, The New York Times, The Atlantic, Scientific American, Gizmodo, Atlas Obscura and elsewhere. He trained as a volcanologist, earning a doctorate in the subject, but then realized that telling people stories of spectacular eruptions and off-world scientific shenanigans brought him more joy than academia ever could. His upcoming book — Super Volcanoes: What They Reveal about Earth and the Worlds Beyond is out now - go buy a copy!

I must admit, it took Jesse and I a while to realize that the book is called Super Volcanoes - two words.  In other words, all volcanoes are super.  Most volcanologists strongly dislike the term Supervolcanoes - one word, that is typically used to describe Yellowstone National Park.  

Robin has a huge personality which made for a very fun interview.  We talked about Hawaii, Yellowstone, deep ocean volcanoes, Tonga, and Marie Tharp to name just a few.  Tune in to get all the details.  You won't be disappointed.

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