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The EXARC Show

The EXARC Show

Dive into the fascinating world of experimental archaeology, where scientists, craftspeople, sound-experts, musicians, artists and re-enactors come together to recreate the past. They investigate human activities from a wide range of eras, areas and civilizations. Their work involves both the use of traditional materials and techniques but increasingly also modern digital technology. In each of these podcasts two experts from a particular field discuss their experiences, triumphs and tribulations. Each session is followed by a live Q&A session where listeners can join in to ask questions but also to share their own expertise. For more information, visit us at https://exarc.net.So far topics have covered ancient bread baking; the know-how required for skin tanning and antler work; sewing and embroidery techniques in the Middle Ages; the re-creation of ancient music and the recording and collection of soundscapes; the delicate act of interpreting history; and last but not least how current hot topics like sustainability and conservation impact on the practices of experimental archaeology.

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The Meaning of Cleaning

Lather, rinse, and repeat ? an insight into early chemistry. In this month?s episode of #FinallyFriday we dive into the history of soap, debunking soap origin myths and breaking down the science of making soap. From sourcing specific wood ash to hunting down ancient recipes, our two experts explore all the factors that are needed to create a good bar of soap.  

Sally Pointer is an archaeologist and freelance heritage educator with a background in museum education and teaching traditional skills. She has recently completed an MSc in Experimental Archaeology at the University of Exeter, where she is now an Honorary Associate Research Fellow. Her research interests are diverse, and she is currently working on projects that explore early textile tools and bast fibres in prehistory. She has an ongoing interest in the development of cosmetics, perfumes and soaps across time and is also working on a book project to explore the history and archaeology of soap. She regularly teaches workshops on ancient skills and traditional crafts and can often be found doing costumed interpretation and audience engagement at heritage sites. She also uses social media and YouTube to help share projects and tutorials on a wide range of topics. The origins of soap have been clouded in myth and misinformation for a long time, and a major project within her MSc and currently being prepared for publication explores the probable scenarios in which true soap was first observed in the ancient world.

Dr Sarah Robb began making honey soaps and beeswax creams after leaving academic research in 2003. Formulating for nearly 20 years, Sara's recipes are available in books (Dr Sara?s Honey Potions, Beauty & the Bees, Making and Selling Cosmetics: Honeycomb Cleansing Cream) and numerous journal articles (British Beekeeping Journal, Bee Craft, BBKA News, Bees for Development Journal). Dr Robb has a keen interest in teaching others to formulate cosmetics (running workshops at the British Beekeepers Association Spring Convention and The National Honey Show) and helping small producers by providing Cosmetic Product Safety Reports. Dr Sara Robb is a VUB Certified Safety Assessor, Member of the Society for Cosmetic Scientists, & The Cosmetic, Toiletry and Perfumery Association (CTPA).

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2024-01-31
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Mirrors and Windows 2023

It's getting closer to the end of the year, which means that it's time for our next episode of Mirrors and Windows. This year, founding member and current director Roeland Paardekooper chats with Matilda Siebrecht, who will be taking over the role of director in January. Together, they talk about what's happened in 2023 - from the conference in Turun to this year's EXARC award winners - and look ahead to what's coming in 2024 - such as the culmination of projects such as ReTold and TELT. They also look even further back, with Roeland sharing some of his experiences and stories from his time in EXARC (although he insists he wasn't sitting in a rocking chair by the fire during the recording!). And of course, they also look further ahead, as Matilda shares some of her plans and ideas for the future of EXARC.

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2023-12-12
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EXARC Extracts 2023/4

The 2023/4 EXARC Journal presents seven reviewed and eleven mixed matters articles. All the articles are open access to allow for free exchange of information and further development of our knowledge of the past.

The reviewed articles come from Europe, Canada, Australia and Syria. As usual they cover wide variety of topics. Can Experimental Archaeology Confirm Ethnographic Evidence? Presents an experimental programme used to examine how boomerangs may be used to retouch stone tools. Testing Roman Glass in the Flame explains the importance of glass properties such as viscosity, temperature working range and softening point when studying ancient techniques of glass working. How Open-air Museums Can Create Programmes for People Affected by Dementia presents special programmes for elderly people with dementia, run by the open-air museum Den Gamble By, in Denmark. ?Look at The Bones!? describes an experiment testing the idea presented in the popular press that ?Vikings unwittingly made their swords stronger? by using bones in the chain of production from iron ore through to finished swords. Strategy of Presenting Prehistoric Sites Like an Open-air Stand analyses the problems and challenges of preserving and at the same time attracting visitors to prehistoric sites, while engaging local communities in Syria. In Italy, in the middle of the Baroque age, the fashion for drinking chocolate rapidly spread through the courts, nobles, clergy and convents. Experimental Archaeology and the Sustainability of Dental Calculus Research introduces a project that explored the potential of a new methodological approach to investigate the history of chocolate. by combining experimental archaeology with micromorphological and chemical analysis of dental calculus. How were Half-Moons on Shells Made in the Upper Palaeolithic? Presents a study, the aim of which was to reconstruct the chaîne opératoire required to create half-moon-shaped objects from mollusc shell valva, common objects in Italian burials from the Upper Paleolithic onward.

The mixed matters section contains 11 articles, including an article on utilising experimental archaeological elements within primary education in China., six book reviews and four conference and event reports.

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2023-12-12
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Mastering Metals

The use of metal has transformed almost every aspect of life, helping us to clothe ourselves, create cars, trains and planes, get to the bottom of the ocean and out into space. On this month?s episode of Finally Friday, we take a look at how experimental archaeology helps us to understand metal in the past, with guests Fergus Milton and Giovanna Fregni. Fergus Milton is a long-standing prehistoric metalworking demonstrator at Butser Ancient Farm in the UK. He works closely with the public, giving frequent demonstrations of his work. Giovanna Fregni is an experienced jeweller and archaeologist with particular interests in non-ferrous metals and replicating ancient metalworking techniques from the Bronze Age to Medieval period. Similarly to Fergus, she now offers demonstration and teaching on these ancient techniques.

Fergus Milton is a long-standing prehistoric metalworking demonstrator at Butser Ancient Farm in the UK. Having been involved in experimental metalworking since the early 2000s, Fergus has developed particular interests in smelting, principally of copper ores (although also delving into other metals such as tin, lead, brass and occasionally, iron). In his demonstrator role at Butser, Fergus works closely with the public, offering demonstrations and occasional teaching, of these fascinating skills.

Giovanna Fregni is an experienced jeweller and archaeologist with particular interests in non-ferrous metals and replicating ancient metalworking techniques from the Bronze Age to Medieval period. She particularly enjoys reconstructing hammers, anvils and other tools to understand metalworking technologies. She has also contributed to research on the preservation and reconstruction of archaeological metal. Currently, Giovanna travels significantly, offering demonstration and teaching on these ancient metalworking techniques. 

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2023-10-31
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Sustain Ability on Show

We all enjoy visiting museums and other archaeological areas, but what are the implications of sustainability when maintaining and rebuilding these sites? This month we consider open-air museums and cultural heritage sites from the perspective of the Sustainable Development Goals, as Matilda chats with guests Amy Stewart and Silje Evjenth Bentsen. 

Amy Stewart is the curator at the Crannog Centre Open Air Museum in Scotland. Since the unfortunate destruction of the central Crannog several years ago, Amy has become involved in planning the new build, and part of this job involves considering the implications of sustainability at the museum site.

Dr Silje Evjenth Bentsen is the project manager of ?Fotefar mot nord? (?Traces towards the North?) in Norway. This project aims to promote cultural heritage as a resource for both the local community and the tourism industry, and one of the main themes of developing it further is that of sustainability.

Together, they discuss issues of social, material, and environmental sustainability when rebuilding cultural heritage sites. 

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2023-10-03
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EXARC Extracts 2023/3

The 2023/3 EXARC Journal is bringing you four reviewed and eight mixed matter articles. All the articles are open access to allow for free exchange of information and further development of our knowledge of the past.

The reviewed articles come from Denmark, United Kingdom and two from Italy. Two of them concern metal production ? Henriette Lyngstrøm?s article on drawing wire from bog ore iron and Mauro Fiorentini?s article on casting a copper axe. Another article by Francesca Tomei and Juan Ignacio Jimenez Rivero deals with pottery production. The last article by a collective of Italian researchers is dedicated to garum, one of the most famous sauce in Roman cuisine.

In the mixed matters section you can find reports on conferences and events including the EAC 13, which took place in Torun Poland in May 2023, the RETOLD meeting in Sibiu, Romania and Archaeology Days in Kernave, Lithuania. You can also find there reviews of Rethinking Heritage for Sustainable development and Draft animals in the Past, Present and Future.

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2023-08-24
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Mud Matters

In this month?s episode of Finally Friday we are talking sustainable and natural buildings! Most of us live in and around buildings every day, but could going back to historic or natural building techniques add new dimension to our architecture? This month Phoebe is joined by two experts from our EXARC community, Caroline Nicolay and Daniel Postma. 

Caroline Nicolay is an archaeologist and heritage specialist who focusses on the public?s interaction, interpretation and experience of archaeology. She has worked in a number of open-air museums across England and France but has since established her own living history and experiential archaeology company, Pario Gallico. With Pario Gallico, Caroline particularly likes to focus on recreating Iron Age wall paintings, but she also works on other areas of history up until the Tudor period. More recently, to complement her research in wall painting, she has begun training in the conservation and maintenance of traditional earth buildings.

Daniel Postma is a natural builder and archaeologist based in Scotland. His first involvement in experimental archaeology began in the research and eventual reconstruction of an early medieval turf building located in the north of the Netherlands and he is now a specialist in this material. Since then, Daniel has trained in contemporary natural and sustainable building techniques, which help contribute to a more holistic idea of how buildings in the past may have been constructed. His company Archaeo Build, takes this idea further, focussing on the interaction between past and present forms of natural building.

Tune in from Friday 7th July to hear Caroline and Daniel chat everything from floors made with blood to the effects of the Industrial Revolution.

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2023-07-07
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EXARC Extracts 2023/2

The 2023/2 EXARC Journal is bringing you six reviewed and eight mixed matter articles. All the articles are open access to allow for free exchange of information and further development of our knowledge of the past.

As usual the articles vary widely. Among the reviewed articles we have for example articles on Reconstructing Ötzi?s shoes by Eva IJsveld (NL), production of Roma screws by David Sim and Chris Legg (UK) and Tann?r ovens by Carmen Ramírez Cañas, Penélope I. Martínez de los Reyes and Antonio M. Sáez Romero (ES).

In the mixed matters section you can find continuation of the discussion with Ukrainians archaeologists on the topic Heritage in Times of War, review of the book Archaeological Open-Air Museums: Reconstruction and Reenactment ? Reality or Fiction? containing contributions from the 2018 conference of the same name and reports on a number of events.

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2023-06-26
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Have Beans, Will Travel

Beans, beans! They?re good for the heart! In this month?s episode we are joined by two specialists from the EXARC Experimental Archaeology Award winning project Investigating the Origin of the Common Bean in the New World. We hear about the difficulties identifying beans in the archaeological record and how using organic residue analysis might begin to spill the beans? on beans.

Timothy Baumann is the lead investigator on the project. His research interests in experimental archaeology focus mainly on prehistoric and historic foodways, pottery and tools from the south-eastern United States, which is where the idea for the project came from. Tim is also the former director the University of Tennessee?s Laboratory of Environmental Archaeology and Curator of Archaeology at the University of Tennessee?s McClung Museum of Natural History and Culture.

Eleanora Reber is a Professor of Archaeology at the University of North Carolina Wilmington and Interim Chair of the International Studies Department. She is also a specialist in organic residue analysis and her lab, the UNCW Pottery Residue Lab is a dedicated facility for gas chromatography ? mass spectrometry analysis of absorbed and visible pottery residue analysis. Nora has research interests in plant  domestication and agriculture, and she plays an important role in the project as lead in absorbed residue analysis.

Tune in from Friday 9 th June to hear Tim and Nora chat everything beans!

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2023-06-07
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EAC: A Meeting of Minds

Only one month to go until our 2023 EXARC conference, and to celebrate we chatted with Linda Hurcombe, organiser of EAC12, and Grzegorz Osipowicz, organiser of the upcoming EAC13. Together, they shared their experience in what it takes to organise an international archaeology conference and how conferences have changed since the start of the COVID pandemic. We also chatted with them about their own experiences in experimental archaeology, and how the research field has changed since its first explorations.

Professor Grzegorz Osipowicz is the head of the Department of Prehistory at the Institute of Archaeology at Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toru?, Poland. His research focuses on traceology and residue studies, and he is particularly interested in the Mesolithic period and spatial studies. 

Professor Linda Hurcombe is the founder and director of the MSC in Experimental Archaeology at Exeter University and President of the Prehistoric Society. Her research is wide-ranging, but was originally also based in use-wear studies and has since expanded to include ethnographies of craft traditions, perishable material culture, and the sensory experiences of prehistory.

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2023-04-06
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EXARC Extracts 2023/1

The 2023/1 EXARC Journal is bringing you seven reviewed and five mixed matter articles. All the articles are open access to allow for free exchange of information and further development of our knowledge of the past. There are some very interesting themes being discussed in this issue.

Among others we have the first three contributions from the Sustainable Revolution for Open-Air Museums Session from the ICOM conference in Prague 2022. These come from AOZA in Germany, Twah Longwar in India and an experiment testing the potential of a shared project in a ?virtual? open-air museum. More will follow.

The other reviewed articles tackle various topics: we have articles on experimental weaving with ceramic crescents, making peat charcoal, reconstruction of scarab stamp seals production chain and last but not least there is Hard Fun, an overlap between a pedagogic case study and an archaeological experiment.

From the mixed matter section, we would like to highlight two articles: the first part of the discussion with Ukrainians archaeologists on the topic Heritage in Times of War, and John Conyard?s experience from the 2,500th Anniversary of the Battle of Plataea, which took place on the 26-31 July 2022.

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2023-03-03
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Walk on the Wild Side

Why do people wear shoes? What kind of materials can you make shoes out of? How can we recreate shoes from the past? On this month?s episode we are joined by two specialists in ancient footwear to think about all these questions and more?

Markus Klek is an independent researcher focussing on indigenous and prehistoric skin processing technologies, as well as related work in bone, antler and ivory tools. He has published three books on leather and leather related technologies, and has run a successful business centring on prehistoric leatherworking, Palaeotechnik, since 1996. Markus has recreated a range of Palaeolithic and contemporary leather-based clothing and shoes.

Doug Meyer has explored ancient technologies for more than 30 years after finding inspiration at a primitive technology demonstration at a summer college. Doug has since explored many aspects of early cultures, including flint knapping, archery and blowgun technology, and has considerable experience in brain tanning and leather work. He also has experience creating replicas and in teaching his skills to others. 

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2023-03-01
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Flake it 'til you make it

In this February episode of Finally Friday we're talking all about flint! This material is one of the most commonly found throughout prehistory, and so this month Matilda chatted about flint and flint-knapping with two experts from our EXARC community, Morten Kutschera and Prof. Javier Baena Preysler. What are the implications of different ways to learn and teach flint-knapping? How much do flint tools change throughout human history, and why? Can you knap flint with a pen? To find out the answers to these questions and more, make sure to tune in to this month's episode!

Morten Kutschera is an experimental archaeologist with experience in many different kinds of technology, although he is particularly well known for his flint knapping expertise. He is currently working as a county archaeologist in Agder, Norway, where his responsibilities range between fieldwork, public archaeology, and everything relating to the stone age.

 Professor Javier Baena Preysler is professor of prehistory and archaeology at the Universidad Autóma de Madrid, and director of the university?s laboratory of experimental archaeology. Although his research covers many different topics, he is especially esteemed for his flint knapping knowledge and expertise, and is one of the leaders of experimental archaeological research in Spain. 

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2023-01-31
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Mirrors and Windows 2022

After 20 times putting together a year report, we decided it was time to do things differently: we did the year report as a podcast. EXARC Chair Dr Peter Inker leads our director Roeland Paardekooper through the year that passed. Of course we also comment on the future!

For our more than 400 members around the world, 2022 has been a difficult year, where the ones who could respond quickest to the changing circumstances were successful. This counts for museums, freelancers, students, craftspeople, and university members. But work could not stop: museums kept on building, experiments were executed and school groups as well as tourists were entertained with living history. On the EXARC website, we showcased 300 events worldwide, and the EXARC Journal has 180,000 reads per year, all open access. We welcome fresh ideas from countries like Brazil and also look at sustainability, more broadly than just climate change. 

EXARC truly is a network, something that one can see during the European Archaeology Days, in the Colonial Williamsburg Fellowship, but also in SUN, the Support Ukraine Network and the project where we help put life in late Neolitihic Houses. Last but not least, EXARC is working with five other partners in RETOLD where we are looking at how to save the stories told in open-air museums in such a way that anybody can reuse the information. Talking about networks, we attended conferences like the ICOM General Conference in Prague and the NEMO conference in Loule, Portugal. Here we noticed how important it is to cooperate with other professionals. 

Looking to 2023, we will be occupied with our large conference in May in Poland, on Experimental Archaeology. Although many people will travel down to the city of Torun, we expect even more to join us online. We will do this, just like anything in EXARC really, with the help of many volunteers. We thank you all: members, the audience, volunteers, the board, see you again soon!  

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2023-01-04
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EXARC Extracts 2022/4

The EXARC Journal 2022-4 is published now, this issue includes 5 reviewed articles and 5 unreviewed mixed matter articles.  As usual the articles vary widely. From the process of designing and running a new course on Experimental Archaeology and Experiential History at a small liberal arts college in central Minnesota, through working with gems and research of Early British glass beads to a study of Early Mesoamerican textile production and ancient Egyptian metalworking.  All the articles are open access to allow for a free exchange of information and further development of our knowledge of the past.

Matilda Siebrecht summarises the reviewed articles from the 2022/4 issue of the EXARC Journal. Read the Journal at https://exarc.net/issue-2022-4

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2022-12-01
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Here comes the SUN

In this very special edition of #FinallyFriday, we chatted with two of the main instigators of the new Support Ukraine Network (SUN). The aim of this network is to provide support for open-air museums as well as individual experimental archaeologists and traditional craft practitioners, many of whom are currently struggling to access resources or profit from research networks due to the ongoing war. EXARC have teamed up with Ukraine based ancient craft expert and EXARC member Yarema Ivantsiv, and the YEAR Centre (York Experimental Archaeological Research, UK), directed by Dr Aimee Little. Tune in to this episode of the EXARC Show to hear a discussion from these two inspiring individuals as they talk about their own experiences, aims, and dreams in relation to this new initiative. 

Dr Aimee Little is a senior lecturer in early prehistory, material culture and experimental archaeology at the University of York in the UK, and director of the York Experimental Archaeology Research Centre. Alongside her archaeological research, she has always been an advocate for diversity and inclusivity, and it was her who first approached EXARC with an initial idea for the Support Ukraine Network.

Yarema Ivantsiv is a Ukranian re-enactor with a background in tourism and historic preservation. He is the director of the NGO Chorna Galych, which is an organisation uniting re-enactors, historians, and artists through museums, historic sites, and organised events. Through his work, he aims to inspire interest in national history, the preservation and restoration of historical and cultural monuments, the revival of crafts, folk crafts, and national culture.

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2022-11-30
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Stuck in the Past

This month #FinallyFriday travels all the way back into the deep past, as we discuss the trials and joys of experimenting with Neanderthal glue.

Dr Paul Kozowyk is a post-doctoral researcher at the Delft University of Technology in the Netherlands. His work focuses on the investigation of ancient adhesives from Neanderthal and early human archaeological contexts, specifically looking at the material properties of different glue recipes. He is also a talented woodworker, and brings his love and knowledge of crafting to his experimental work.

Phoebe Baker is currently working as a Terrestrial Geophysics Technician for Wessex Archaeology in the UK, but she is also an experimental archaeologist whose research focuses on ancient sewing technologies. Her research looked at the potential use of glue in Neanderthal clothing manufacture, and she has recently been awarded the EXARC grant for her new research project investigating shoemaking technology.

Listen in on Friday 4th November to hear how to overcome the limitations of working without specialised laboratory equipment, how to deal with a lack of archaeological evidence, and why glue is such a sticky subject!

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2022-11-01
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Burning Questions

How can archaeological examples of cremation help us understand the past? How do we even identify a cremation? 

Tim Thompson is a professor of applied biological anthropology and Dean of the School of Health & Life Sciences at Teesside university in the UK. Tim has research interests in a number of areas, but has a primary focus on the archaeology of cremation. As part of this, he has advocated for the application of analytical forensic and scientific techniques to improve our understanding of the changes that bone undergoes whilst burning. Tim has studied cremation in many different time periods and places, including Anglo-Saxon and Roman. 

Yannis Chatzikonstantinou is a PhD candidate at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece. His research uses macroscopic and analytical methods, including experimental archaeology, to study burnt human remains from the early Minoan Age in Crete. Experimental archaeology was also a core technique used in his earlier master's thesis, which examined the use of fire in the treatment of the dead during the Aegean Bronze Age. Yannis is also a member of the Tephra archaeological research project, which aims to examine the effect of fire on human remains throughout the Aegean.

So listen in on your podcasting platform of choice to hear all about the chemical changes bone undergoes during burning, how quickly methodological approaches in this area are moving, and how experimental archaeology can help.

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2022-10-04
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EXARC Extracts 2022/3

The 2022-3 EXARC Journal is now published, bringing you 8 reviewed and seven mixed matters articles. All the articles are open access to allow for free exchange of information and further development of our knowledge of the past. Two of the reviewed articles introduce different aspects of RETOLD, the project ensuring that open-air museums can continue telling important cultural heritage stories by developing a standardised data collection. The six experimental articles vary widely from investigation into polished vessel surfaces through  reconstruction of a tablet woven band from the Oseberg and reconstruction of the Iceman's arrow quiver to charring experiments with a variety of modern seed samples. The two articles that stand out are the articles the first experimental archaeological study to formally compare the physical characteristics of tattoos made on human skin using multiple pre-modern tools and tattooing techniques. and article breaching a highly interesting point: ?when the only thing we have is the archaeologist?s body, how can we do archaeology??

Matilda Siebrecht summarises the reviewed articles from the 2022/3 issue of the EXARC Journal. Read the Journal at https://exarc.net/issue-2022-3

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2022-09-15
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The Past in Data

It?s the first Friday of the month! And that means it?s time to listen in to the latest episode of Finally Friday, where this month we?re joined by two partners in the RETOLD Project to talk about the importance of digitisation, documentation and sharing.

Julia Heeb is one of the key figures in the RETOLD Project and also works as the exhibition and research manager at the Open-Air Museum, Museumdorf Düppel, in Germany, a partner institution on the project. In addition to her work as part of the RETOLD Project, Julia also has a PhD and MA in Experimental Archaeology, focussing on experimental approaches to shafthole copper axes from south-eastern Europe.

Cordula Hansen is an experienced VR designer and developer at Nüwa Digital Media Content Production Studios, a Dublin-based digital media agency also partnering the RETOLD project. As well as working in digital design, Cordula has a PhD in art and archaeology, and she is hugely enthusiastic about working to enhance interactions between people and technology in cultural spaces.

So, listen in on your favourite podcasting platform to hear our guests talk about everything from the importance of documenting houses and crafts to the impact of COVID on how we use the digital world.

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2022-09-01
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Seeing is Believing

Seeing objects from the past in museum exhibition cases is one thing, but seeing how those objects would have been handled by the ancient people who made them is even better! In this month's episode of #FinallyFriday, Matilda is joined by two experts focusing on different ways that we can visualise the past.

Dr Yvonne Lammers-Keijsers is a keen re-enactor and an experienced archaeologist specialised usewear analysis, experimental archaeology, and public outreach. Her work as part of the managerial team at the Prehistoric Village at Eindhoven Museum focuses on designing, creating, and managing exhibitions, organising the large team of volunteers and re-enactors, and creating and implementing educational events.

Frank Wiersema is a professional photographer and videographer specialised in staging scenes from the past through collaborations with living history and experimental archaeology. His work has been used in exhibitions throughout Europe, and attempts through this visual medium to bring the past to life for a broader audience.

So listen in on your podcasting platform of choice to hear all about the trials of visualising the past in the modern day, the different approaches required in photography versus living history, and how to balance authenticity with relatability. 

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2022-08-02
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EXARC Extracts 2022/2

With a delay, the 2022-2 EXARC Journal is now published. This issue contains four reviewed articles and whooping nine mixed matters articles. As always, all articles are open access.

From the articles we would like to highlighted the article on the results of EXARC Twinning project by Lauresham, at the UNESCO World Heritage Site Lorsch Abbey, and CEAMC at University College Dublin (UCD) (Re)constructing an Early Medieval Irish Ard and among the mixed matter articles Discussion: Inclusivity in historical interpretation: Who has access and who is erased? 

Matilda Siebrecht summarises the reviewed articles from the 2022/2 issue of the EXARC Journal. Read the Journal at https://exarc.net/issue-2022-2

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2022-07-11
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A Peek behind the Scenes

To celebrate both the European Archaeology Days and the release of our 20th episode, #FinallyFriday went live to record a special behind-the-scenes chat with our hosts. 

Matilda Siebrecht is currently doing her PhD at the University of Groningen, using microwear analysis to investigate the manufacture and use of Paleo-Inuit bone and ivory tools from Arctic Canada. She pairs her experience in archaeology and journalism with a healthy curiosity into the past, crafts, experiments and much more.

Phoebe Baker is currently completing her masters in Early Prehistory and Human Origins at the University of York, focusing on the use of adhesives in prehistoric clothing. She is a keen archaeologist and works hard to use her enthusiasm and joy for the subject to bring the magic of the past to as many people as possible. 

The EXARC Show podcast series has covered a wide range of different archaeological topics since starting back in 2020, from ancient tattooing to museum interpretation and everything in between. In this episode, Phoebe and Matilda talk about their time hosting the series so far, discussing past episodes and sharing anecdotes from their experience and their own research. Tune in to hear the stories behind the show!

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2022-06-29
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Under the Skin

It's the first Friday of the month! And that means it's time to listen in to the latest episode of Finally Friday, where this month we look at a really fascinating topic of experimental research - ancient tattooing.

Aaron Deter-Wolf is the prehistoric archaeologist for the Tennessee Division of Archaeology in Nashville, Tennessee in the USA. While his work in this role encompasses a wide range of archaeological research, his main focus of interest is on the archaeological footprint of tattooing, in which topic he has conducted a lot of experimental research.

Maya Sialuk Jacobsen is a professional tattoo artist and private researcher based in Svendborg, Denmark. Her experience in tattooing led to her specialising in traditional methods, particularly revitalising the tattooing traditions of her own Inuit culture. Her work focuses on documenting the patterns and meaning of tattoos in the past, and ensuring that the revival of Inuit tattoos in the present remains safe and authentic to the original meaning of this important tradition.

What did tattooing look like in the past, and how can we identify that archaeologically? How common was tattooing in the past? What are the ethics surrounding experimental tattooing and the study of ethnographic tattooing practices? These are just a few of many questions answered by our guests so listen in on your favourite podcasting platform to hear all about it!

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2022-05-29
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Neolithic House & Home

We are joined by two archaeologists from the Putting Life into Late Neolithic Houses project discussing all the methods they?re using to create a picture of the past, from full scale reconstruction to microwear analysis.

 Annelou van Gijn is Professor of Archaeological Material Culture and Artefact Studies at Leiden University and the Principal Investigator for Putting Life into Late Neolithic Houses. Annelou?s research focusses on prehistoric technology, ancient craft, and materials studies like microwear analysis. She founded and runs the Laboratory for Material Culture Studies at Leiden University She also has extensive experience with reconstructing the past, and previously helped to design and construct a Neolithic house at Hosterworld. 

 Diederik Pomstra has over 20 years of experience in experimental archaeology, ancient technology, and public outreach. His skills in experimental reconstruction, such as flintknapping and bone working, are invaluable to the Putting Life into Late Neolithic Houses project, for which he will be making many of the tools. Like Annelou, Diederik was also a big part of the Hosterworld house reconstruction.

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2022-05-03
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Connecting the Bones

It's the first Friday of the month! And that means it's time to listen in to the latest episode of Finally Friday, where this month we will be talking with archaeologists specialised in human-animal relationships in the past, and indigenous archaeology. Have you always wanted to know how people become zooarchaeologists? What it's like studying ancient animals in remote locations like the Australian outback or the Arctic tundra? How people in the past hunted walrus and wallabies? Then this is the episode for you!

Dr Jillian Garvey  is a zooarchaeologist from La Trobe University in Melbourne, Australia. Her research focuses on faunal assemblages from the Late Pleistocene and early Ice Age periods of southeastern mainland Australia and Tasmania, where her studies include experimental analysis of butchery practices. She is also interested in looking at the future of animal management in Australia by considering the benefits observed from past and traditional Aboriginal hunting practices. Jillian recorded this seminar, and lives and works, on the unceded land of the Wurundjeri Woi-wurrung people, and pays her respects to Wurundjeri Elders past and present.

Dr Sean Desjardins is also a zooarchaeologist, working at the University of Groningen in the Netherlands, however his research is based in Nunavut, Arctic Canada. His work investigates the relationship between humans and animals, both in terms of subsistence and hunting practices but also in terms of spiritual worldviews. His current project looks at the effect of climate change and colonialism on Inuit life and traditions.

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2022-03-29
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A Growing Community

Combining expertise from farmers, historians, scientists and more, A Year on the Field is an exciting new multi-national project set up to examine the farming of one crop across the globe through the centuries.

Claus Kropp is the Project Coordinator for A Year on the Field and currently also manages the Lauresham Laboratory for Experimental Archaeology, in Germany, one of the participating organisations in the project. Claus has a background in medieval history, focussing particularly on medieval agriculture, and also a passionate interest in ox-driving, which he partakes in both professionally and personally. 

Pete Watson is a representative of Howell Living History Farm, a facility of the Mercer County Park Commission. The Farm is based in the USA and is a participating organisation in A Year on the Field exploring the agricultural practices of the region circa 1900. The farm is also open to the public and plays an important role giving visitors the chance to see for themselves how food and farming functioned in the past.

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2022-03-02
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EXARC Extracts 2022/1

Listen in to this first episode of "EXARC Extracts", where we provide you with a short summary of the articles in the latest issue of the EXARC Journal. From fire hearths to horse armour to amber to lime mortar, this edition is packed full with interesting experiments and inspiring discussions!

Matilda Siebrecht summarises the reviewed articles from the 2022/1 issue of the EXARC Journal. It includes ten reviewed articles as well as three unreviewed mixed matter articles. 

Read the Journal at https://exarc.net/issue-2022-1



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2022-02-23
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Riding High

Saddle up, because it?s time to look at horse riding in (pre)history! Equestrianism often has to be looked at indirectly, either from the equipment used in horse riding or artistic depictions of riding styles. In this month?s episode of Finally Friday, we talk with two experts who look at horse riding in the past in just this way.

Dr Rena Maguire is a visiting researcher at Queens University Belfast, where her research focuses on equestrianism in Ireland in the Late Iron Age and Early Medieval period. She specialises in the material culture associated with horse riding practices, and is particularly interested in using this material as a means to investigate the level of interaction that Late Iron Age Irish society had with mainland Europe.

Joakim Løvgren is one of the founders of EquiAstra, which offers a range of training services ? both modern and historic - related to horse riding, and is a historian specialised in Late Medieval equestrianism. His work investigates historic equestrian theory, as well as artistic depictions of horse riding from the past, and how these styles can be practically replicated today.

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2022-02-02
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The Issue of a Journal

Academic journals are an integral element of how we share knowledge of new discoveries, practices, and ideas. But how do these journals get started, what kinds of difficulties do they face and why do we need new ones? In this month?s episode of Finally Friday, our guest speakers discuss their experiences in founding new academic journals.

Martina Revello Lami is an archaeologist and guest researcher at the University of Leiden in the Netherlands. Her research has recently expanded to begin exploring the complex relationship between archaeology and society. This is a core aspect of the Ex Novo Journal of Archaeology.
 
Luca Bartoni specialises in IT but has always been interested in History and Culture. He began his venture into living history in 2002 and is currently the president of Archeologia, Reenacment e Storia (AReS).  Luca is also a Journal Manager of the digital journal Archeologie Sperimentali. Temi, Metodi, Ricerche.

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2021-12-09
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Games of our Past

 Ready player 1? Archaeological interpretation is often focused on the physical objects from our past, either in excavation, replication through experimental archaeology, or exhibition in museums. But what other ways are available to interact with the past? In this month's episode of Finally Friday, we speak with two experts focusing on the exciting new ways that videogames can be used in archaeology.

Justyna Neuvonen is an archaeologist and game designer studying at the South Eastern Finland University of Applied Sciences. Her work focuses on creating a link between game design and archaeology, and creating accessible and innovative platforms for museum visitors to interact with the past. 

Dr Aris Politopoulos is an archaeologist currently working at the University of Leiden in the Netherlands. His research focuses on the intersection of video games and archaeology, and he is a post-doctoral researcher at the ?Past-at-Play? lab, which investigates the format of ancient games, and how contemporary games deal with the past as a subject matter.

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2021-12-08
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Seen Through Glass

From drinking vessels to jewellery, glass is found in archaeological assemblages all over the world. Our guests Sue Heaser and Frank Wiesenberg join us on this month?s episode of Finally Friday to shed light on how experimental archaeology can help us ask new questions of this important material. 

Sue Heaser is an archaeologist, artist and author with specialisms in hot glass beadmaking. Her experience in both modern and archaeological jewellery making often gives Sue a unique insight into how ancient materials were used and her current research focusses on reconstructing and understanding Anglo-Saxon and Roman British bead assemblages in the UK. More recently, this research has moved towards considering how glass? physical properties can be affected during the glass working process. 

Frank Wiesenberg is a specialist in Roman glass furnace reconstruction and operation. These reconstructions are based on both literary and archaeological source material, as well as a practical knowledge informed by a background in mechanical engineering. He has experimented with both large and small furnaces and has set up replica workshops at a number of places including the Archaeological Park Roman Villa Borg. Frank finished his master?s degree in Archaeology of the Roman Provinces in 2019 and is now currently the executive director of the Römerwelt Museum near Bonn, Germany. 

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2021-11-09
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Raising Hair

A universal experience, hair has often formed a fundamental part of human self-expression and identity. But how can we see changes in hairdressing and styling throughout history and how can experimental reconstruction help us start creating a picture of the people of the past? Our guests Janet Stephens and Dorothee Olthof join us on this month?s Finally Friday to discuss their experiences understanding ancient hairdressing.  

Janet Stephens is a professional hairdresser and experimental archaeologist specialising in ancient hairdressing. Focussing mainly on ancient Greek and Roman hairstyling, although occasionally branching out into Renaissance and Victorian beauty, Janet uses a variety of literary and artistic sources to accurately recreate these hairstyles on live models. Janet?s research has been highlighted by the Wall Street Journal, BBC and NPR, and she also runs a popular YouTube channel showcasing her work. 

Dorothee Olthof is an archaeologist and founder of PRAE, which specialises in archaeology and education with a focus on daily life in the past. As part of this interest in daily life, Dorothee has specialisms in prehistoric, Roman and medieval hairdressing, and she can often be found at festivals, workshops and open days demonstrating these skills to the public. Dorothee stresses the importance of experimental reconstruction and believes strongly in experiencing the past ?with all senses.?

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2021-10-13
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Seeking Sustainability in South-Africa

Striving for sustainability is increasingly important in both archaeology and experimental archaeology. EXARC actively promotes the sharing and adoption of sustainable practices by its members. In today?s conversation Maria Josefina Villanueva talks to Tammy Hodgskiss, curator at The Origins Centre, a museum on the campus of the University of the Witwatersrand in South-Africa. Tammy gives us valuable insights into the ways that sustainability is viewed and addressed in a country with great inequalities and a turbulent history. Maria Josefina is an Argentinian student at Leiden University, currently studying International Relations and Organisations. In the past, she has attended the University of St Andrews, were she has taken International Relations, Philosophy, Sustainable Development and Anthropology courses. Her interests range from heritage and "costumbres" in Latin America to the practical implementation of philosophical argumentation to government policies. Maria Joesphine is EXARC's Team Member.

Sound Sources: Simon Wyatt, ~ABADIR~ Soundcloud

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2021-09-18
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All in the Same Boat

Experimental archaeology doesn't always happen on land - sometimes it takes to the seas! In this month's episode of Finally Friday, our guest speakers discuss some of the ways that experimental archaeology can be used to explore the theme of maritime cultural heritage. 

Dr Tríona Sørensen is an experimental archaeologist currently working as a curator at the Viking Ship Museum in Roskilde. As part of her work at the museum, she is involved in the documentation and research surrounding several reconstruction projects in the museum?s boatyard. She is particularly interested in the multi-disciplinary aspects of experimental archaeology, and developing the collaboration between craft experts and archaeologists throughout all stages of an experimental archaeology project.

Dr John Cooper is a maritime archaeologist and ethnographer working at the university of Exeter. His current research focus is on boatbuilding practices in East Africa, specifically looking at the development of maritime technology and practice of communities from late antiquity to the present day. His principal research interests include vernacular boatbuilding technologies, maritime cultural landscapes, travel and navigation, and maritime heritage, which he examines through archaeological, textual, and ethnographic perspectives. 

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2021-07-16
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All Fired Up

Pyrotechnology ? the manipulation and control of fire ? is one of the defining characteristics of humanity, and has impacted nearly every technology that we used in the past and study archaeologically in the present. Our guests Drago? Gheorghiu and Femke Reidsma join us for May?s #FinallyFriday to shed light on this ubiquitous but taken-for-granted subject. 

Professor Drago? Gheorghiu is a professor at the Bucharest National University of Arts in Romania. His research into prehistoric fire use has considered the alchemical transformations that occur at archaeological tel sites when buildings were burnt in the past, as well as the energy consumption of prehistoric kilns. His current work focuses predominantly on the proximity and the psychological aspects of fire use, particularly how it influences the senses and the links between fire and techno shamanism. Femke Reidsma is a PhD researcher at Leiden University in the Netherlands. Her research into palaeolithic fire use focuses on the effect of fire or the physical and chemical properties of bone and how these materials are altered after burial. She has developed tools to reconstruct heating conditions and fire function while taking into account the effect of preservation. Her work is predominantly lab-based using controlled experiments to investigate the influence of fire and pH from a geochemical perspective.

Join us for a lively discussion about the ways that our guests study this topic, the implications of their work to our understanding of the human past, and the ongoing role that experimental archaeology has in exploring this crucial technology. 

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2021-05-29
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Same Questions, Different Places

Experimental archaeology helps us to understand our human past, and it?s a research approach which grows every year all over the world. But how are experimental archaeologists establishing themselves in countries where the approach hasn?t been used so often? What kinds of questions are they asking and what difficulties do they need to overcome?

This podcast features Shanti Pappu and João Carlos Moreno de Sousa, and they talk us through their work building up experimental archaeology programmes in India and Brazil. 

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2021-05-15
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Sustainability: Then and Now

?Sustainability? is a term that?s heard everywhere, and can apply to every part of our lives. But how can archaeology and heritage, which are generally involved with events and technology from the past, contribute to current climate issues? Guests Sarah Sutton and Kirsten Dzwiza share their complementary approaches in using ideas and depictions from the past to deal with present environmental issues. They also explore the importance of cross-disciplinary collaboration and the sharing of resources, the possibilities and potentials of different technologies and programs, and the future outlook for archaeology and sustainability.


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2021-04-16
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Going Digital: From Necessity to Opportunity

Creating digital events from scratch can seem like a daunting prospect. EXARC has navigated this process a few times thanks to the difficulties of 2020. The team of behind-the-scenes volunteers and staff sit behind the microphone to share some of their insights about the successes and pitfalls of preparing and hosting digital events. Join host Olalekan Salami as he explores what it has taken to transform EXARC conferences from in-person to digital as well as some of the many benefits of doing so. 

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2021-01-15
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Building Engagement

Open-air museums are always looking for ways to engage the public. What is the best way to offer visitors a glimpse into the past? How can open-air museums be used to address issues of interpretation and social responsibility in the modern world? Luke Winter and Zsolt Sári discuss their views on how museums can engage with the public, providing authentic storytelling, and the social responsibility of museums and heritage centres in the modern world.

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2020-12-22
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Pottery in Motion

Pottery is one the most ubiquitous artefacts we recover archaeologically and is often the backbone of chronologies for understanding past cultures, but what if there?s a bigger story that it can tell us? Caroline Jeffra and Richard Thér join us for October?s #FinallyFriday to dive deep into the archaeology of technology. In this episode of The EXARC Show, we explore the world of possibilities that studying the potter?s wheel can expose. Join us for discussions on the nature of innovation in the past and present, the cutting edge of materials research, and the ways that technology sheds light on the social worlds of past peoples. 


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2020-11-16
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Open To Interpretation

Interpretation is a fundamental part of how we communicate heritage to the public, but what does the term ?interpretation? actually mean? Peter Inker and Angela Pfenninger join us in our next #FinallyFriday Show to explore the world of interpretation.

Dr Peter Inker is a Board Member of EXARC and has been at Colonial Williamsburg for the last 13 years, focusing much of his attention on virtual and digital heritage space. Angela Pfenninger is a live interpreter who is specialised in theatre and storytelling, and has been the chairperson of the International Museum Theatre Alliance IMTAL for the last three years.

Join us for a deep dive into the growing interplay between physical and digital interpretations, the role of emotional presentation of relationships between powerful people and marginalized people in the past, and what COVID-19 has thrown up in terms of museum interpretation strategies.

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2020-10-09
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Sew Much To Do, Sew Little Time

This episode of The EXARC Show includes a great discussion about textile archaeology from Early Medieval Britain and Iron Age Slovenia with guests Alex Makin and Ronja Lau. Tune in as host Matilda Siebrecht talks to our guests about some new ways that textiles are being studied, the limitations of the archaeological record, the diversity of the world in the past, and the many ways that experimental archaeology has contributed to our understanding of the archaeology of textiles.  

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2020-09-11
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Sounding Out the Past

This episode of The EXARC Show features Finally Friday guests Lara Comis and Simon Wyatt for ?Sounding Out the Past". We have two different perspectives on the topic of sounds this month, Lara focusing on collecting ambient sounds relating to archaeological open air museum activities and crafts, and Simon exploring musical instruments of the past. Host Matilda Siebrecht listens in as our guests discuss some of the cognitive underpinnings of how we process sound, the many ways that sounds and music play into lives in the past, and the value of pausing and listening to the world around us. Tune in for conversation interspersed with soundscapes and reconstructed musical instruments to give your ears a treat from the past! As always, Finally Friday starts with a conversation between our guests and wraps up with questions from participants in the EXARC Discord. More information on joining us for future events can be found on The EXARC Show website. 

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2020-08-14
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Tanning, Tools, and Talking

This episode of The EXARC Show features Finally Friday guests Theresa Emmerich Kamper and Ian Dennis for ?Tanning, Tools, and Talking?. Our guests this month bring a wealth of skills to the workshop, and have spent years teaching those skills. Host Matilda Siebrecht talks our guests through the value that hands-on expert knowledge brings to experimental archaeology. Tune in for further chat about the joy of accidental discoveries, challenges to the ideas of "women's work" and "men's work", and the lifelong benefits of letting kids explore the world with their hands. As always, Finally Friday starts with a conversation between our guests and wraps up with questions from participants in the EXARC Discord. More information on joining us for future events can be found on The EXARC Show website. 

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2020-07-11
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Local Action for Global Sustainability in Museums

The EXARC Show is pleased to present Caitlin Southwick and Rebecca Thonander?s workshop from the digital conference ?Documentation Strategies in Archaeological Open-Air Museums? on 26 March 2020. Our guests talk us through some of the ways that museums as well as individual archaeologists can bring sustainability into our everyday professional practices. Tune in for discussion about the UN Sustainable Development Goals, 10 simple actions that museums can take for sustainability, and a wealth of digital resources and planned workshops for the future. As always, you can find more information about this and other Discord-based meetings on our website at https://exarc.net/meetings

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2020-05-29
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History in Bite-Sized Chunks

This episode of The EXARC Show features Finally Friday guests Maeve L?Estrange and Farrell Monaco for ?History in Bite-Sized Chunks?. Our host Matilda Siebrecht moderates a discussion about the bitter challenges and tasty triumphs of the archaeology of food ? specifically bread ? in different archaeological contexts. Tune in for a discussion which touches on the variable nature of the archaeological and historical record, class divisions in food consumption, the practice and practicalities of doing experimental archaeology, as well as the sensorial benefits of this approach. As always, Finally Friday starts with a conversation between our guests and wraps up with questions from participants in the EXARC Discord. More information on joining us for future events can be found on The EXARC Show website. 

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2020-05-29
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