The History of Egypt Podcast

We leave the Duat and enter the horizon. On the walls of the antechamber, Unas? Pyramid Texts describe the king?s entry to the sky. The ruler establishes and affirms his power. And, in a famous passage, Unas engages in some ritual cannibalism? Includes passages in English translation and ancient Egyptian. Date: c.2320 BCE. Pyramid Texts in translation: https://pyramidtextsonline.com/translation.html. Additional images and references at www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Intro music by Jeffrey Goodman, ?Lament of Isis and Nephthys,? Ancient Egyptian Music II. Interludes by Keith Zizza, Children of the Nile. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

This is your offering. We travel deeper into the stars. Unas? Pyramid Texts, on the walls of his burial chamber, lay out protections against serpents and dangers. They also introduce offerings, to sustain the King?s soul and nourish the gods. Includes passages in English translation and ancient Egyptian. Date: c.2320 BCE. Pyramid Texts in translation: https://pyramidtextsonline.com/translation.html. Additional images and references at www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Intro music by Jeffrey Goodman, ?Lament of Isis and Nephthys,? Ancient Egyptian Music II. Interludes by Keith Zizza, Children of the Nile. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Unas in the sky with deities. Around 2320 BCE, King Unas did something interesting. His pyramid, at Saqqraa, is the first (surviving) monument to feature the Pyramid Texts. These elaborate hieroglyph texts reveal the religious rituals, references, and philosophy of the Old Kingdom Egyptians. In this episode, we begin a journey deep into the night and up to the sky, as King Unas travels to his immortality? Date: c.2320 BCE. Pyramid Texts in translation: https://pyramidtextsonline.com/translation.html. Additional images and references at www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. The "Imperishable " or Circumpolar Stars https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Indestructibles. The Egyptian gods family tree: https://veritablehokum.com/comic/the-egyptian-god-family-tree/. Intro music by Jeffrey Goodman, ?Lament of Isis and Nephthys,? Ancient Egyptian Music II. Interludes by Keith Zizza. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The daughters of Akhenaten and Nefertiti were not just "ornaments" for their parents. Like many princesses, they also participated in the religious rituals and royal pageantry of the Egyptian government. In this interview, Courtney Marx (MA, George Mason University) joins us on behalf of the American Research Center in Egypt, to discuss the Amarna princesses and their role as priestesses. We also explore the history of royal women as priestesses and the unique roles they played in the temple rituals. Finally, we explore the aftermath of Amarna: how the visible roles, titles, and imagery of princesses changed following the death of Akhenaten and Nefertiti. The American Research Center in Egypt is celebrating 75 years of work in the Nile Valley. Dedicated to scholarship of the ancient, medieval, and modern worlds, the ARCE supports researchers and students, funds archaeological and scholarly work, and organises many public outreach programs. Learn more about ARCE at their website and follow the ARCE Podcast online and on all podcasting apps. Logo image: Block fragment showing two Amarna princesses (Metropolitan Museum of Art 1985.328.6). Photo by Courtney Marx. Further reading (provided by Courtney Marx): Ayad, Mariam F. ?The God's Wife of Amun: origins and rise to power.? In Carney, Elizabeth D. and Sabine Müller (eds), The Routledge companion to women and monarchy in the ancient Mediterranean world, 47-60. New York: Routledge, 2021. Ayad, Mariam F. God's Wife, God's Servant: The God's Wife of Amun (ca.740?525 BC). United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis, 2009. Bryan, Betsy M. ?Property and the God?s Wives of Amun.? In D. Lyons and R. Westbrook, eds. Women and Property in Ancient Near Eastern and Mediterranean Societies. Washington, DC: Center For Hellenic Studies, Harvard University, 2005. Pawlicki, Franciszek. Princess Neferure in the Temple of Queen Hatshepsut at Deir el-Bahari: Failed Heiress to the Pharaoh?s Throne? Études et Travaux 21, 109-127. 2007. Xekalaki, Georgia. Symbolism in the Representation of Royal Children During the New Kingdom. Oxford: Archaeopress, 2011. Troy, Lana. ?Patterns of Queenship in Ancient Egyptian Myth and History.? PhD diss., Uppsala University, 1986. Williamson, Jacquelyn. ?Death and the Sun Temple: New Evidence for Private Mortuary Cults at Amarna.? The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 103, no. 1 (June 2017): 117?123.  Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Following a complicated rise-to-power, King Men-kheper-Ra Djehuty-messu (aka Thutmose III) achieved great victories on the battlefield. His campaigns extended far to the north and south, bringing tribute and captives into Egypt. At home, Thutmose?s building projects were enormous and elaborate. And over fifty-four years of rule, the King?s followers established a legendary reputation? Date: c.1495 - 1441 BCE. Episode Chapters: Part Five - Wives and Warriors: 00:01 - 01:26:22. Part Six - Revisions to the Past: 01:26:22 - 02:38:29. Part Seven - Fifty Four Years of Splendour, and the End: 02:38:29 - End. Logo image: Decorated block of Thutmose III, Luxor Museum. Photo by Dominic Perry. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

At the height of the 18th Dynasty (c.1495 - 1441 BCE), King Men-kheper-Ra Djehuty-messu (aka Thutmose III) ruled Egypt. The start of his reign was unusual, with power wielded primarily by the Queen-King Hatshepsut. But following Hatshepsut's death, Thutmose would rise to the challenges of rule. In this episode, we explore the King's upbringing, his rise-to-power, and the famous Battle of Megiddo. Compilation of previously released material. Date: c.1495 - 1441 BCE. Episode Chapters: Part One - Little King Thutmose: 02:20 - 37:25. Part Two - The Battle of Megiddo: 37:25 - 01:10:30. Part Three - Campaigns of Victory (Thutmose at War): 01:10:30 - 01:50:05. Part Four - Fighting and Festivals (War Stories and Heb Sed): 01:50:05 - End. Logo image: Statue of Thutmose III, Luxor Museum. Photo by Dominic Perry. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In New Kingdom Egypt (c.1500 ? 1150 BCE), the rulers and people of the Nile Valley communicated extensively with their eastern neighbours. Trade and diplomacy were far more common than outright conflict. And the Egyptian pharaohs were highly regarded in distant courts. These contacts survive in the archaeological record: detailed texts recording interactions; shipwrecks carrying cargo from the Egyptian court; and even tombs recording the high status of foreigners serving the pharaoh himself. Compilation of previously released material. Logo image: A wooden statue head from the tomb of Aper-el / Abdiel. Saqqara, Imhotep Museum, photo by Dominic Perry 2024. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In New Kingdom Egypt (c.1500 - 1150 BCE), the pharaohs and their agents had many dealings with people of the Mediterranean. These include the ancient Cretans (the "Keftiu" or Minoans) and the Mycenaeans (the "Danae" or "Danaeans"). And from the time of Amunhotep III (c. 1400--1362 BCE), we have tentative evidence for Egyptian embassies visiting these islands. From Memphis to Mycenae, Karnak to Crete, we go in search of international relations. Compilation of previously released material. Logo image: Bull-leaper "taureadors" from an Egyptian palace, fresco fragments excavated at Tell el-Dab'a (ancient Avaris) in the Nile Delta. Image adapted from M. Bietak et al., Taureador Scenes in Tell El-Dab'a (Avaris) and Knossos (2007). Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

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Warrior, protector, murderer. By 1300 BCE, the Egyptian god Seth had become a complex and multi-faceted deity. Chaotic and destructive, but not "evil," Seth played an important role in the gods' realm and our own. This legend developed and evolved over centuries, from the earliest religious literature to the imperial age. In this episode, we explore Seth's role, appearances, and descriptions in the Pyramid Texts, Coffin Texts, Book of the Dead, Amduat, and Book of Gates. And we try to get to grips with a god who was (quite literally) two-faced... Episode details: Date: c. 2400 - 1300 BCE (Old, Middle, and New Kingdoms up to the reign of Sety I). Music intro and outro by Michael Levy. Music interludes by Luke Chaos and Keith Zizza. Logo image: The hybrid deity Herfy ("Two-Face"), combining the powers of Horus and Seth. Hour 10 of the Book of Gates, from the tomb of Tausret in the Valley of the Kings (Line drawing by Dominic Perry, based on photo by Erik Hornung). General studies: Erik Hornung, The Ancient Egyptian Books of the Afterlife (1999) at Internet Archive. John Darnell and Colleen Manassa Darnell, The Ancient Egyptian Netherworld Books at JSTOR.org and the Society of Biblical Literature. Pyramid Texts in English translation and Egyptian hieroglyphs (Pyramid Texts Online by Vincent Brown). Coffin Texts in English translation by Raymond Faulkner (1973?1978): Volume I, Volume III. I have been unable to find a copy of Volume II online; if you are aware of one, please let me know. Egyptian Hieroglyphs available in Open Access via the University of Chicago. Book of the Dead in English translation by Raymond Faulkner (1982 edition) at Internet Archive. Edited volume of scholarly articles available at The University of Chicago (2017, edited by Foy Scalf). Additional English translation, transliteration, and commentary by Stephen Quirke (2013). The Amduat (Book of the Hidden Chamber) in English translation, transliteration, and Egyptian hieroglyphs by Erik Hornung (2007). The Book of Gates in English translation, transliteration, and Egyptian hieroglyphs by Erik Hornung (2013). Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Identity crisis. Seth (aka Sutekh / Setekh / Suty) is a complicated deity. A master of storms, winds, deserts and seas, Seth dominates foreigners and the world outside Egypt. However, he is also treacherous, violent, and aggressive; a god who slew his own brother and tried to seize the throne for himself. As a result, Seth has a complicated relationship with the Egyptian kingship. Part defender and source of legitimacy, but also a threat to the stable order of the world (ma?at). Most kings navigated this relationship fairly easily. But then, most kings weren?t named after the god himself. As a pharaoh of Egypt, a living Horus, and the son of Osiris, King Sety I had to work hard to reconcile his personal identity with his divine. The results are visible on his monuments? Date: Reign of Sety I (c.1300 BCE). Music intro, outro, and interludes: Michael Levy. Music interludes: Keith Zizza and Luke Chaos. Logo image: A Seth-headed-Sphinx, on an obelisk of Sety I, originally from Heliopolis but now in Alexandria (Line drawing by Dominic Perry, based on a photo by Heidi Kontkanen). Additional information, resources, and perks available on my Patreon www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

How the west was won. Around 1298 BCE, King Sety I (Men-ma?at-Ra) attacked the peoples of modern-day Libya and, in a supposedly swift victory, took many captives back to Egypt. The relationship between Libyans and ancient Egyptians is complicated, but we go in search of some answers? Date: c.1298 BCE (Sety I, year 6). Music intro/outro: ?Godzilla theme? by Akira Ifukube, cover version by Luke Chaos. Music interludes by: Keith Zizza, Luke Chaos. Sety?s War Reliefs at Karnak: Available in Open Access at The University of Chicago. References and more information at www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show and earn special rewards at www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast.  Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Remember ?Going Forth by Day?? It?s back! In song form. Many creative projects have explored themes around the Egyptian underworld. But in 2023, the Czech band Nemuer has taken a novel approach. Their album, Book of Going Forth by Day is based on original funerary papyri; and for the pronunciation of the Egyptian language, they consulted with Egyptologist Dr. Christian de Vartavan. This gives us an opportunity to explore excerpts from the Book of the Dead from a new perspective and connect more deeply with the ancient language. The podcast has covered the Book of the Dead previously, but it may be time to revisit it. Would you like me to produce more episodes diving into this text? Let me know in the comments. Episode details: Nemuer, Going Forth by Day (2023). Available on Spotify and Bandcamp. Christian de Vartavan, Vocalised Dictionary of Ancient Egyptian (2022). Available in Open Access. Access expanded materials and support the History of Egypt Podcast at www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast.  Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A new year dawns, and it?s time to look back. Egyptology and archaeology had a great year in 2023, with numerous major discoveries, studies, and conservation projects reaching fruition. Here is a sample selection of some particularly significant finds? Support the podcast at www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. References and images for all episodes at www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Chat with ancient Egypt enthusiasts at our Discord. Logo image: Statue discovered at Saqqara, 2023. Discoveries and Reports (in order of discussion): Luxor, new royal tomb: Press Release from Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities. Article by Dr. Piers Litherland in Egyptian Archaeology 63 (2023). Hear about the (brief) reign of Thutmose II on the podcast, episode 60 ?Thutmosid Family Values.? Luxor, tomb re-openings: The tomb of Meru (Polish Centre for Mediterranean Archaeology). The tombs of Hurri and Djehuty (Proyecto Djehuty and Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities Press Release). Abydos, grave goods of Mer(et)-Neith: Press Release from the University of Vienna. Hear about the life and reign of Mer(et)-Neith on the podcast, episode 02 ?Horus Takes Flight.? Abydos, temple of Ramesses II animal burials: Article by Dr. Sameh Iskander in Egyptian Archaeology 63 (2023). Saqqara, embalming workshops and Old Kingdom tomb: Press Release from the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities. Saqqara, Gisr el-Mudir new finds: Press Release from the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities. Saqqara, new temple for Hathor: Article by Ahmed Osman in Egyptian Archaeology 63 (2023). Abusir, tomb of the 27th Dynasty scribe Djehuty-em-hat: Press Release from the Czech Institute of Egyptology (Charles University). Cairo Museum, CT scans and 3d printing of Ptolemaic mummy: Press Release from the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities and open-access article at Frontiers in Medicine. Egyptology Newsletters and Websites: Mailing list by The Egyptologists? Electronic Forum (Application Form). Updates from The Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities on Facebook. Updates and news from Luxor Times on Facebook. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A tale of terror and tombs. In 1924, Weird Tales magazine published "Imprisoned with the Pharaohs" (aka "Under the Pyramids"). A short story in which Harry Houdini, world-famous escape-artist, illusionist, and advocate of rationalism, came face-to-face with horrors beyond his comprehension. The tale is work of horror, ghost-written by H.P. Lovecraft. It is a fun story, worthy of the genre. Logo image: The statue of Khafra / Khephren in Cairo's old museum (Photo Dominic Perry). Timecodes: Story Part One: 00:01:40. Story Part Two: 00:38:39. Commentary: 01:18:50. Sources: H.P. Lovecraft, ?Imprisoned with the Pharaohs,? Weird Tales magazine at WikiSource. R. Emrys and A. M. Pillsworth, ?Harry Houdini Versus Cosmic Horror: ?Under the Pyramids??, TOR.com, accessed 12.27.2023. D. Harms, Cthulu Mythos Encyclopedia: A Guide to the Horrors Created and Inspired by H.P. Lovecraft (3rd edn, Chelsea, 2012). S. T. Joshi and D. E. Schultz, An H. P. Lovecraft Encyclopedia (2001). H. P. (Howard P. Lovecraft, The New Annotated H.P. Lovecraft (2014). D. Norris, ?Lovecraft and Egypt: A Closer Examination?, Lovecraft Annual (2016), 3?45. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Restoration, Recovery, Wreckage. Around 2520 BCE, King Men-kau-ra (or Menkaure) ruled Egypt. In his time, royal artists produced high-quality sculpture, and builders constructed another pyramid at Giza. But Menkaura has a complicated legacy. Although his pyramid is the smallest of the three "Great Pyramids of Giza," this King's legacy proved far more positive than his predecessors. Likewise his treasures, including his beautiful sarcophagus, have gone through a difficult journey over the past 4500 years... Further information: Digital Giza, ?Menkaure Pyramid?, http://giza.fas.harvard.edu/sites/2796/full/. H. Vyse, Operations Carried on at the Pyramids of Gizeh in 1837: With an Account of a Voyage into Upper Egypt and an Appendix, 2 (1840). Available online at The University of Heidelberg. Additional images and plans of Menkaure's monuments at Wikimedia. Photos of Menkaure?s pyramid by Aidan McRae Thomson on Flickr. Music and interludes by Luke Chaos. Support The History of Egypt Podcast and access exclusive perks at www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. References and images at www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

How archaeology can increase your life expectancy by 40%! For centuries, popular perceptions of the Great Pyramid?s construction have hinged on Herodotos reference to ?twenty years.? While historians have debated that, hard evidence on the reign of Khufu (and its length) has always been fragmentary. In the past ten years, though, things have changed substantially. We now have strong evidence that Khufu reigned much longer than the ?twenty years? story. This fundamentally changes our understanding of the period, and the Great Pyramid project? More information: Episode image: Khufu, small ivory statuette from Abydos (Egyptian Exploration Society archives). The Memorial/Mortuary Temple of Khufu at Wikimedia Commons. New blocks from the Khufu Memorial Temple: Hawass, Lehner, and Jones, ?The Great Pyramid Temple Project?, AERAGram 21 (2020), 10?17 (free download). Decorated blocks of Khufu, reused in later pyramids: Goedicke 1971, at the Metropolitan Museum of Art (free download). M. Lehner and Z. A. Hawass, Giza and the Pyramids (2017). F. Monnier and D. Lightbody, The Great Pyramid 2590 BC Onwards: Operations Manual (2019). P. Tallet and M. Lehner, The Red Sea Scrolls: How Ancient Papyri Reveal the Secrets of the Pyramids (2021). M. Verner, The Pyramids: The Archaeology and History of Egypt?s Iconic Monuments (2020). Support the History of Egypt Podcast at www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A crime scene with no crime? In 1925, archaeologists working at Giza uncovered a remarkable monument. The tomb chamber of Queen Hetep-Heres (c.2630-2580 BCE) contained a wealth of beautiful, high-quality items. But the monument itself was strange, the excavation was a serious challenge, and the results were baffling in many ways. In this episode, we explore the discovery, revelation, the life, and the legacy of Queen Hetep-Heres... Extended version of this episode and digital booklet available at www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. The Tomb of Queen Hetep-Heres: Digital Giza http://giza.fas.harvard.edu/sites/1509/full/. G. A. Reisner and W. S. Smith, A History of the Giza Necropolis Volume II: The Tomb of Hetep-Heres the Mother of Cheops (1955). Available online. M. Lehner, The Pyramid Tomb of Hetep-Heres and the Satellite Pyramid of Khufu (1985). Available online. The treasures of Hetep-Heres: Ancient objects at Digital Giza. Furniture of Hetep-Heres in the Cairo Museum at Wikimedia. Exact replicas at Boston Museum of Fine Arts. Modern reconstruction and replica of a throne at Harvard University. The bracelets of Hetep-Heres ? Aegean silver? SCIMEX, ?Queen Hetepheres? bracelets reveal new information on trade networks in Old Kingdom Egypt, c 2600 BC?, Scimex, Available online. See also K. Sowada et al., ?Analyses of Queen Hetepheres? bracelets from her celebrated tomb in Giza reveals new information on silver, metallurgy and trade in Old Kingdom Egypt, c. 2600 BC?, Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 49 (2023), 1?9. Available online. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In 1798, an army of soldiers and scientists invaded Egypt. At their head, the young general Napoleon Bonaparte. The French Expedition had an enormous impact on Egypt's political history, and Egyptology as a field of scholarly inquiry. Remarkable discoveries, and dedicated study, led to an explosion in knowledge about the ancient past. Today, William Clark of Grey History: The French Revolution & Napoleon joins me to discuss these momentous undertakings. And, of course, we talk about the new film "Napoleon," directed by Ridley Scott and starring Joaquin Phoenix and Vanessa Kirby. Links and details: William Clark's Grey History: The French Revolution & Napoleon podcast. Logo image - Maurice Orange, Napoleon at the Pyramids 1895. The Description of Egypt complete digital copy at Bibliotecha Alexandrina. The Description of Egypt complete digital copy at Library of Congress. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Karnak, Abydos, foreign wars, and prince Ramesses. In this interview, Prof. Peter Brand joins us once again to explore the life, reign, and legacy of Sety I. We also explore the rise of prince Ramesses (later King Ramesses II), who becomes increasingly prominent in the later years of his father's rule. Links and more info: Peter Brand at Memphis University. National Geographic documentary "Egypt: Quest for Eternity," on YouTube. Peter Brand articles and books on Academia.edu. Peter Brand, The Monuments of Sety I (2000), free pdf version at Academia. Peter Brand, Ramesses II: Egypt's Ultimate Pharaoh (2023) available now via Lockwood Press. Free preview at Academia. Peter Brand (with Rosa Ferleg and William Murnane), The Great Hypostyle Hall in the Temple of Amun at Karnak, volumes II and III (2018) free pdf versions via Chicago University. Volume I (by Harold Hays and William Murnane) also available via Chicago University. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The Opportunist and the Last of His Kind. In the Late Bronze Age, there were few kingdoms as mighty as Hatti. Their Great Kings, like SUPPILULIUMA and KURUNTA, were a significant force in Anatolia and the Near East. But around 1200 BCE, their royal house was divided. And the Hittites suffered greatly in the Late Bronze Age Collapse. In Total War: Pharaoh, you must reunify the highlands, guard the lowlands, and weather the coming storm? Preview and purchase Total War: Pharaoh at https://pharaoh.totalwar.com/. Music in all episodes by Richard Beddow © Creative Assembly 2023. See the History of Egypt Podcast on all podcasting apps and at www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Select references: M. Alparslan and M. Dogan-Alparslan, ?The Hittites and their Geography: Problems of Hittite Historical Geography?, European Journal of Archaeology 18 (2015), 90?110. R. H. Beal, ?Kurunta of Tar?unta??a and the Imperial Hittite Mausoleum: A New Interpretation of §10 of the Bronze Tablet?, Anatolian Studies 43 (1993), 29?39. G. Beckman, Hittite Diplomatic Texts (1996). T. Bryce, The Kingdom of the Hittites (New edn, 2005). T. R. Bryce, Warriors of Anatolia: A Concise History of the Hittites (2019). H. G. Güterbock, ?The Deeds of Suppiluliuma as Told by His Son, Mursili II?, Journal of Cuneiform Studies 10 (1956), 41--68, 75--98, 107?130. T. P. J. van den Hout, ?A Chronology of the Tarhuntassa-Treaties?, Journal of Cuneiform Studies 41 (1989), 100?114. V. Koros?ec, ?The Warfare of the Hittites: From the Legal Point of View?, Iraq 25 (1963), 159?66. S. Langdon and A. H. Gardiner, ?The Treaty of Alliance between ?attu?ili, King of the Hittites, and the Pharaoh Ramesses II of Egypt?, The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 6 (1920), 179?205. J. Lorenz and I. Schrakamp, ?Hittite Military and Warfare?, in H. Genz and D. P. Mielke (eds), Insights to Hittite History and Archaeology, Colloquia Antiqua 2 (2011), 125?151. D. D. Luckenbill, ?Hittite Treaties and Letters?, The American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures 37 (1921), 161?211. S. W. Manning et al., ?Severe Multi-Year Drought Coincident with Hittite Collapse Around 1198?1196 BC?, Nature 614 (2023), 719?724. A. Matessi, ?The Making of Hittite Imperial Landscapes: Territoriality and Balance of Power in South-Central Anatolia during the Late Bronze Age?, Journal of Ancient Near Eastern History 3 (2016), 117?162. R. Meri?ç, ?The Arzawa Lands. The Historical Geography of Izmir and Its Environs During Late Bronze Age in the Light of New Archaeological Research?, Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi Arkeoloji Dergisi (2020), 151?177. C. Mora and G. Torri (eds), Administrative Practices and Political Control in Anatolian and Syro-Anatolian Polities in the 2nd and 1st Millennium BCE (2023). I. Singer, Hittite Prayers (2002). A. Spalinger, ?Egyptian-Hittite Relations at the Close of the Amarna Period and Some Notes on Hittite Military Strategy in North Syria?, Bulletin of the Egyptological Seminar 1 (1979), 55?89. J. Sturm, La guerre de Ramsès II contre les Hittites (1996). Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The Pretender and the Herald of the Collapse. The Chancellor BAY is a fascinating figure. Although an outsider, he politicked his way to supreme authority. IRSU, meanwhile, is a shadowy man, known only from tiny fragments. Following their methods you may craft a new path to power, or precipitate the collapse of civilizations. Choose your role, and their fate, in Total War: Pharaoh... Preview and purchase Total War: Pharaoh at https://pharaoh.totalwar.com/. Music in all episodes by Richard Beddow © Creative Assembly 2023. See the History of Egypt Podcast on all podcasting apps and at www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Select references: A. Dodson, Poisoned Legacy: The Decline and Fall of the Nineteenth Egyptian Dynasty (2016). H. Goedicke, ??Irsu, The Kharu? in Papyrus Harris?, Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes 71 (1979), 1?17. R. W. Hopper, ?The Monuments of Amenmesse and Seti II: A Historical Inquiry?, Unpublished PhD. Thesis, The University of Memphis (2010). K. L. Johnson and P. J. Brand, ?Prince Seti-Merneptah, Chancellor Bay and the Bark Shrine of Seti II at Karnak?, Journal of Egyptian History 6 (2013), 19?45. K. A. Kitchen, Ramesside Inscriptions Translated and Annotated: Translations Volume IV: Merenptah & The Late Nineteenth Dynasty (2003). Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The Puppeteer. When the old methods are failing, a kingdom needs a new perspective. Across three thousand years, only a few women took power as a ?King? in Egypt. One of these was TAUSRET, wife of Sety II and daughter-in-law of Merneptah. When the royal line crumbled, Tausret took power into her own hands. And as Total War: Pharaoh begins, she is ready to do what her relatives and rivals will not? Preview and purchase Total War: Pharaoh at https://pharaoh.totalwar.com/. Music in all episodes by Richard Beddow © Creative Assembly 2023. See the History of Egypt Podcast on all podcasting apps and at www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Select references: D. D. Baker, Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs Volume I: Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty 3300 - 1069 BC (2008). A. Dodson, Poisoned Legacy: The Decline and Fall of the Nineteenth Egyptian Dynasty (2016). A. Dodson, Amarna Sunset: Nefertiti, Tutankhamun, Ay, Horemheb, and the Egyptian Counter-Reformation (2017). A. Dodson and D. Hilton, The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt (2004). K. A. Kitchen, Pharaoh Triumphant: The Life and Times of Ramesses II, King of Egypt (1982). K. A. Kitchen, Ramesside Inscriptions Translated and Annotated: Translations Volume IV: Merenptah & The Late Nineteenth Dynasty (2003). R. J. Leprohon, The Great Name: Ancient Egyptian Royal Titulary (2013). R. H. Wilkinson (ed.), Tausret: Forgotten Queen and Pharaoh of Egypt (2012). Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The Successor and the Brute. Legitimacy is no guarantee of peace. King SETY II, son of Merneptah, is a powerful leader in Total War: Pharaoh. Historically, this King enjoyed a smooth inheritance and accession. But all the legitimacy in the world could not protect his rule... Preview and purchase Total War: Pharaoh at https://pharaoh.totalwar.com/. Music in all episodes by Richard Beddow © Creative Assembly 2023. See the History of Egypt Podcast on all podcasting apps and at www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Select references: D. D. Baker, Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs Volume I: Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty 3300?1069 BC (2008). A. Dodson, Poisoned Legacy: The Decline and Fall of the Nineteenth Egyptian Dynasty (2016). A. Dodson and D. Hilton, The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt (2004). R. W. Hopper, ?The Monuments of Amenmesse and Seti II: A Historical Inquiry?, Unpublished PhD. Thesis, The University of Memphis (2010). K. L. Johnson and P. J. Brand, ?Prince Seti-Merneptah, Chancellor Bay and the Bark Shrine of Seti II at Karnak?, Journal of Egyptian History 6 (2013), 19?45. K. A. Kitchen, Ramesside Inscriptions Translated and Annotated: Translations Volume IV: Merenptah & The Late Nineteenth Dynasty (2003). R. J. Leprohon, The Great Name: Ancient Egyptian Royal Titulary (2013). Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The Gilded Rebel. One may seize power, by any means, as long as they succeed. In Total War: Pharaoh, the prince AMENMESSE is a strong-willed and strong-armed warrior. Taking command of his faction, you may build a mighty (and wealthy) powerbase, before taking the crown for yourself. Preview and purchase Total War: Pharaoh at https://pharaoh.totalwar.com/. Music in all episodes by Richard Beddow © Creative Assembly 2023. See the History of Egypt Podcast on all podcasting apps and at www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Select references: D. D. Baker, Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs Volume I: Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty 3300 - 1069 BC (2008). A. Dodson, ?Crown Prince Djhutmose and the Royal Sons of the Eighteenth Dynasty?, The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 76 (1990), 87?96. A. Dodson, Poisoned Legacy: The Decline and Fall of the Nineteenth Egyptian Dynasty (2016). A. Dodson and D. Hilton, The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt (2004). R. W. Hopper, ?The Monuments of Amenmesse and Seti II: A Historical Inquiry?, Unpublished PhD. Thesis, The University of Memphis (2010). K. A. Kitchen, Ramesside Inscriptions Translated and Annotated: Translations Volume IV: Merenptah & The Late Nineteenth Dynasty (2003). K. A. Kitchen, ?Ramesses III and the Ramesside Period?, in E. H. Cline and D. O?Connor (eds), Ramesses III: The Life and Times of Egypt?s Last Hero (2012), 1?26. R. J. Leprohon, The Great Name: Ancient Egyptian Royal Titulary (2013). Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Begotten by the sun god. The "last great pharaoh," RAMESSES (aka Ramesses III) is a warrior and a builder. In Total War: Pharaoh, you will lead this man to victory over his rivals, and remake Egypt in your image? Preview and purchase Total War: Pharaoh at https://pharaoh.totalwar.com/. Music in all episodes by Richard Beddow © Creative Assembly 2023. See the History of Egypt Podcast on all podcasting apps and at www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Select references: D. D. Baker, Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs Volume I: Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty 3300 - 1069 BC (2008). E. H. Cline and D. O?Connor (eds), Ramesses III: The Life and Times of Egypt?s Last Hero (2012). A. Dodson, Poisoned Legacy: The Decline and Fall of the Nineteenth Egyptian Dynasty (2016). A. Dodson, Ramesses III King of Egypt: His Life and Afterlife (2019). A. Dodson and D. Hilton, The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt (2004). D. Kahn, ?Ramesses III and the Northern Levant: A Reassessment of the Sources?, in S. Kubisch and U. Rummel (eds), The Ramesside Period in Egypt: Studies into Cultural and Historical Processes of the 19th and 20th Dynasties (2018), 175?188. K. A. Kitchen, Ramesside Inscriptions Translated and Annotated: Translations Volume V: Setnakht, Ramesses III, & Contemporaries (2008). R. J. Leprohon, The Great Name: Ancient Egyptian Royal Titulary (2013). C. J. Moreu, ?The Sea Peoples and the Historical Background of the Trojan War?, Mediterranean Archaeology 16 (2003), 107?24. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The Legacy and the Loss. As Total War: Pharaoh begins, Egypt lives under the rule of MERNEPTAH. A mighty pharaoh, Merneptah has accomplished much in peace and war. But the King is aging, his journey will soon end, and his legacy will be complicated? NOTE: We will discuss Merneptah's Canaanite wars in an upcoming episode (about Bay, Irsu, and that region). This was mentioned in episode but some folks may have missed that. Please be patient and let the episodes tell their story :) Preview and purchase Total War: Pharaoh at https://pharaoh.totalwar.com/. Music in all episodes by Richard Beddow © Creative Assembly 2023. See the History of Egypt Podcast on all podcasting apps and at www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Select references: K. A. Kitchen, Ramesside Inscriptions Translated and Annotated: Translations Volume IV: Merenptah & The Late Nineteenth Dynasty (2003). C. Manassa, The Great Karnak Inscription of Merneptah: Grand Strategy in the 13th Century BC (2003). D. B. Redford, ?The Ashkelon Relief at Karnak and the Israel Stela?, Israel Exploration Journal 36 (1986), 188?200. F. Servajean, Mérenptah et la fin de la XIXe dynastie (2014). I. Singer, ?Merneptah?s Campaign to Canaan and the Egyptian Occupation of the Southern Coastal Plain of Palestine in the Ramesside Period?, Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research (1988), 1?10. F. J. Yurco, ?Merenptah?s Canaanite Campaign?, Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt 23 (1986), 189?215. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Welcome to The History of Egypt Podcast and Total War: Pharaoh! In this brief introduction, I explain the coming episodes and the historical background of Creative Assembly?s new game? Preview and purchase Total War: Pharaoh at https://pharaoh.totalwar.com/. Music in all episodes by Richard Beddow © Creative Assembly 2023. See the History of Egypt Podcast on all podcasting apps and at www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Special Tomb Kings episode: https://www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com/the-tomb-kings/.  Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Dorothy Eady, Bulbul Abd el-Meguid, Omm Sety? A woman of three names, multiple lives, and a lifelong devotion to Egyptology. From the 1950s to 1981, Omm Sety was a resident of Abydos, and a regular worshipper at the great Temple of Sety I. Her life is a tale of dedication, spiritual connection, and fascination with the ancient past. In this episode, we explore Omm Sety?s life and try to ?shine a spotlight? on her work, personality, and beliefs? Documentaries about Omm Sety (YouTube): BBC Interview with Omm Sety at Abydos: https://youtu.be/2fdNJ2L9_zw?t=1. Omm Sety explains the Abydos Temple: https://youtu.be/QXmnus48jdI?t=83. Recollections of Omm Sety by those who knew her (Arabic, with subtitles): https://youtu.be/ZrFA-kDHtzg?t=281. Egypt ? Quest for Eternity, with section on Omm Sety (filmed just prior to her death): https://youtu.be/VHXsv9ZLlYo?t=737. Episode details: Jonathan Cott, The Search for Omm Sety at Archive.org. Omm Sety and Hanny el Zeini, Abydos: Holy City of Ancient Egypt at Archive.org. Date: 1904?1981 CE. Places: Blackheath; Cairo; Abydos. Music: Ancient Lyric. Interludes: Luke Chaos and Hathor Systrum. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Sety at Abydos (Part 4). Finishing our tour of Sety?s Great Temple at Abydos, we explore a few more sanctuaries and facilities. Then, we discuss the monument overall. Sety invested huge resources into his building projects at Abydos, and these monuments connect to some truly ancient traditions. What were the King?s priorities, what was he trying to achieve? Photos of monuments described in this episode: Sety?s Temple: Kairoinfo4u. Sety?s Temple: Wikimedia. Chapel of Ramesses I: Metropolitan Museum of Art. Umm el-Qa?ab, pottery sherds from ancient offerings: Soloegipto. Descriptions and excavation reports: Caulfeild, Temple of the Kings at Abydos, 1902: Internet Archive and Heidelberg University. Calverley, The Temple of King Sethos I at Abydos, in four volumes. Volume I, The Chapels of Osiris, Isis, and Horus (1933); Volume II, The Chapels of Amen-Re, Re-Harakhti, Ptah, and King Sethos (1935); Volume III, The Osiris Complex (1938); Volume IV, The Second Hypostyle Hall (1958). All volumes available in PDF at The University of Chicago. Texts: K. A. Kitchen, Ramesside Inscriptions Translated and Annotated: Translations Volume I: Ramesses I, Sethos I and Contemporaries (Second Publication edn, 2017). Interpreting the temple complex and adjacent facilities: David, Temple Ritual at Abydos (2018). O?Connor, Abydos: Egypt?s First Pharaohs and the Cult of Osiris (2009). Verner, Temple of the World: Sanctuaries, Cults, and Mysteries of Ancient Egypt (2013). Additional details and sources: Date: c.1300 BCE?1292 BCE. Music intro and interludes: Luke Chaos. Music outro: Ancient Lyric. Sistrum interludes: Tahya / Hathor Systrum. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Sety at Abydos (Part 3). The Osireion is an intriguing monument, one that attracts a huge amount of debate, discussion, and speculation. Its discovery was unexpected, its excavation was an enormous undertaking, and there are many uncertainties about its purpose, history, and overall significance. Still, with an extensive photographic record, some meticulous archaeological work, and a great deal of discussion, we can attempt to understand the Osireion. Who built the Osireion (and how old is it)? Why is it here, behind Sety?s great temple? What purpose does it serve? In this episode, we explore these questions, and try to understand the monument overall. NOTE: Due to the complex nature of the Osireion?s history (ancient and modern), archaeology, and the difficulty of describing it, I will do a video lecture on YouTube in future. Check this post, or the website, for links when published. Further Information: The Osireion is surprisingly well documented, both in archival photography and modern analysis and discussion. Modern photos exploring the Osireion: Flickr: Soloegipto. Flickr: Archaeology Archive Project. Archaeology / Excavation Reports for The Osireion (free open access): Caulfeild, Temple of the Kings at Abydos, 1902: Internet Archive and Heidelberg University. Primarily focusses on main temple but brief discussion of work in western precinct that led to Murray?s excavations. Murray, The Osireion, 1904: Internet Archive, ETANA.org, and Academia.edu. Edouard Naville?s excavation reports (various journals) describing work at Abydos including the Osireion: JSTOR.org (requires free account). Frankfort, The Cenotaph of Sety I at Abydos, volume 1 and volume 2, 1933: Internet Archive. Includes complete summary of earlier excavations and fuller description of the monument (compared to Naville). James Westerman website (with database of articles and photos): JamesWesterman.org. Keith Hamilton, ?Osiris: A Layman?s Guide,? on Academia.edu. Charles Herzer, ?Study of the Osireion at Abydos,? at Isida Project. Photo Collections of early excavations at Abydos/Osireion: Dumbarton Oaks: Photo Exhibition Abydos 1910s?1920s. Egypt Exploration Society Photo Archives (Flickr): Excavations 1911. Entrance passages and central hall. Excavations 1913. Central hall. Excavations 1925 (Part 1). Central hall and side chambers. Excavations 1925 (Part 2). Central hall clearance and work. In this episode, I don?t discuss the mechanics of ancient stone working. That will come in future. But for now, you may be interested in archaeologists? experiments to test ancient tools and the feasibility of carving hard stones (e.g., granite). Some good starter information can be found here: Denys Stocks, Experiments in Egyptian Archaeology: Stoneworking Technology in Ancient Egypt (2022 updated edition). Taylor and Francis Publications. YouTube: Ancient Egyptian Stoneworking with Denys Stocks (Sacred Geometry Decoded) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zoOCcrgWkIA. YouTube: Reconstruction of Ancient Technologies (Scientists Against Myths) https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLJXCRTftQoU_AXz0_uxwMQZCt2O9ULxLE. Additional details and sources: Date: c.1300 BCE?1292 BCE. Music intro: Ihab Mahna. Music interludes and outro: Luke Chaos. Sistrum interludes: Tahya / Hathor Systrum. Peter Brand, Ramesses II: Egypt's Ultimate Pharaoh, out now from Lockwood Press. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Hello folks! Time for a schedule update. In late 2023, the podcast narrative will be taking an eight-week break. Plus we have a giveaway! Details inside. Giveaway available to New Zealand listeners (or anyone visiting NZ in September 2023). Email [email protected] with your name and email address, to enter. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Sety in Abydos (Part 2). Having toured the first part of Sety?s Temple at Abydos, we continue our exploration. Today, we discuss one of the monument?s most famous features: a King List, presenting a (supposedly) uninterrupted record of rulers up to Sety?s day. In truth, the Abydos King List is complex, with omissions and inclusions that don?t quite match scholars? archaeological and historical information. What was Sety trying to achieve, with this curious feature? We explore? This is part 2 in our tour of the temple. We have already visited the Hypostyle Halls, Seven Chapels, and Osiris Complex. In future episodes, we will discuss the Osireion, the secondary features of the monument, and the known priests/staff who managed it. Images: Full-colour reproduction of the Abydos King List at Wonderful Things Art. Use checkout code EGYPTPODCAST for 30% off your order when purchasing 3-or-more items! Logo image by Wonderful Things Art. A.M. Calverley, The Temple of Sethos I at Abydos, 4 volumes, open access via Chicago University Publications. Wikimedia: Category: Temple of Seti I in Abydos. Flickr.com: Kairoinfo4u. Flickr.com: Heidi Kontkanen. Details and sources: Read the Abydos King List at Wikipedia and Pharaoh.se. Date: c. 1300 BCE?1292 BCE (temple unfinished at Sety I death). Music intro and interludes: Luke Chaos. Music interludes and outro: Keith Zizza. Sistrum interludes: Tahya / Hathor Systrum. Texts: Kenneth Kitchen's Ramesside Inscriptions volume 1. Hieroglyph versions at Internet Archive, English translations at Abercromby Press. Texts: Full texts of the temple, including transliteration and translation: Rosalie David, Temple Ritual at Abydos (2018) at Egypt Exploration Society. Peter Brand, Ramesses II: Egypt's Ultimate Pharaoh, out now from Lockwood Press. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Part 1. In the ancient city and necropolis of Abydos (Egyptian Abdju), pharaoh Sety I commissioned a magnificent temple. Today, this monument is one of the finest in the country, a highlight of any trip. Sety?s work is complicated, with several components and structures worthy of discussion. So, this is part one of a multi-part tour through the complex. Today, we cover: The history of Abydos pre-Sety I. The modern experience of Sety?s temple. The Hypostyle Halls, the unique ?Seven Chapels,? and the ?Osiris Complex.? The meaning and symbolism of the Osiris religion as Sety shows it. In future episodes, we will discuss the Osireion, the Abydos King List, and the known Priests/Staff who managed it. Details and sources: Date: c. 1300 BCE?1292 BCE (temple unfinished at Sety I death). Texts: Kenneth Kitchen's Ramesside Inscriptions volume 1. Hieroglyph versions at Internet Archive, English translations at Abercromby Press. Texts: Full texts of the temple, including transliteration and translation: Rosalie David, Temple Ritual at Abydos (2018) at Egypt Exploration Society. Peter Brand, Ramesses II: Egypt's Ultimate Pharaoh, out now from Lockwood Press. Images: For high-quality illustrations and photos of Sety?s temple, see: A.M. Calverley, The Temple of Sethos I at Abydos, 4 volumes, open access via Chicago University Publications. Wikimedia: Category: Temple of Seti I in Abydos. Flickr.com: Kairoinfo4u. Flickr.com: Heidi Kontkanen. Music intro and interludes: Keith Zizza. Music interludes: Luke Chaos. Sistrum interludes: Tahya / Hathor Systrum. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Ramesses II: Prince of Egypt. When Sety I took power, his eldest son was probably 10?15 years old. The King's Son Ra-messes (?Born of Ra?) enjoyed a privileged upbringing. And by the time he was physically mature, the young prince was ready to expand the royal household. His father Sety had some plans in that regard? Details and sources: Date: c. 1299 BCE. Music intro: Keith Zizza. Music interludes and outro: Luke Chaos. Texts: Kenneth Kitchen's Ramesside Inscriptionsvolume 1. Hieroglyph versions at Internet Archive, English translations at Abercromby Press. Peter Brand, Ramesses II: Egypt's Ultimate Pharaoh, out now from Lockwood Press. Looking to upgrade your eating habits? Try HELLO FRESH and get 50% off your order. Visit hellofresh.com/egypt50 and use the promo code EGYPT50 for 50% off (U.S. customers only). Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Sety I (Part 6b): Standards and Practices. The early 19th Dynasty army was a well-organised machine, with distinct units (the zA ?company?) and officers (e.g., chai sereet, ?Standard Bearers?). Papyrus archives record the daily business of military life, like the Standard Bearer Mai-Sety / Mai-Sutekhy, the company scribe User-Hat, and the royal administrators that monitored food deliveries, rations, and supplies of essential goods? Details and sources: Date: c. 1300 BCE. Music intro and interludes: Luke Chaos. Music outro: Bettina Joy de Guzman (Ancient Lyric). Texts: Kenneth Kitchen's Ramesside Inscriptions volume 1. Hieroglyph versions at Internet Archive, English translations at Abercromby Press. Peter Brand, Ramesses II: Egypt's Ultimate Pharaoh, out now from Lockwood Press. Would you like to know more? www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com. Support the show and access exclusive perks on Patreon, www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Sety I (Part 6): Mesha, Menfat, Pedjet, Pecherer. By 1300 BCE, Egyptians had developed a sophisticated, well-organised military system. Distinct branches and types of troops (infantry, archers, auxiliaries, and more) marched and fought in identifiable units. Their weapons survive in the archaeological record, and ancient texts and art reveal their equipment, behaviour, and battlefield roles. Today, we introduce the soldiers who won Sety I?s wars? Details and sources: Date: c. 1300 BCE. Music intro and interludes: Bettina Joy de Guzman. Interludes: Luke Chaos. Music outro: Keith Zizza. Texts: Kenneth Kitchen's Ramesside Inscriptions volume 1. Hieroglyph versions at Internet Archive, English translations at Abercromby Press. Peter Brand, Ramesses II: Egypt's Ultimate Pharaoh, out now from Lockwood Press. Support the show and get exclusive perks at www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Hey New Zealand! It's time to explore ancient Egypt. A new exhibition, Egypt: In the Time of Pharaohs, has just opened at Auckland Museum Tamaki Paenga Hira. And to celebrate, we've got a special deep-dive into the artefacts and cultural background of the Nile Valley! Have a listen and check out the exhibition for yourself. And while you're there, consider an Auckland Museum Membership, which comes with all kinds of perks including free entry to paid exhibitions, exclusive events and lectures from leading experts, special discounts at the museum shops and cafes, and more! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Sety I (Part 5): Empires clash. Around 1300 BCE (approximately), Sety I records a battle against the Hittites. In the course of his northern wars, perhaps following the reconquest of Kadesh and Amurru, Sety faced off with his distant rival. The Kingdom of Hatti, land of the Hittites, sent forces to challenge the Egyptian resurgence? Details and sources: Date: c. 1300 BCE. Music: Luke Chaos. Interludes: Keith Zizza, Luke Chaos, Hathor Systrum. The Battle Reliefs of Sety I by The Epigraphic Survey Reliefs and Inscriptions at Karnak, Volume IV: The Battle Reliefs of King Sety I | Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures (uchicago.edu). Texts: Kenneth Kitchen's Ramesside Inscriptions volume 1. Hieroglyph versions at Internet Archive, English translations at Abercromby Press. Peter Brand, Ramesses II: Egypt's Ultimate Pharaoh, out now from Lockwood Press. Support the History of Egypt Podcast and get amazing skincare products from RA EGYPTIAN, the natural skincare range inspired by ancient ingredients! Shop at www.ra-egyptian.comand use the checkout code EGYPT to get 30% off your order! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Amurru (Part 4): Reconquista. The land of Amurru, and its leaders, have been a noteworthy part of the story in recent decades. Since the reigns of Amunhotep III and Akhenaten, the lords of Amurru have caused great trouble in Egypt?s northern empire. They have raided, plundered, and even murdered their way to regional prominence. Now, a couple decades after their betrayals, King Sety I is bringing vengeance? Note: This episode includes new content and old material from episodes 123, 124, 142c. See timecodes for relevant chapters. Timecodes: 00:00 Introduction. 02:25 The Land of Amurru. 12:25 How Science Uncovered Amurrite Expansion. 24:04 The Amurru ? Hittite Alliances. 35:44 The Battle of Amurru. 46:28 Can We Trust Sety's Story? 51:15 Conclusion. 53:50 Episode 123, Amurrites and Where to Find Them. 2:07:17 Episode 124, The Crimes of Aziru. 3:07:45 Episode 142c, Aziru?s Betrayal. Episode Details: Date: c. 1300 BCE. Music: Michael Levy - Composer for Lyre (ancientlyre.com). Interludes: Keith Zizza and Luke Chaos. Logo image: Warriors of Kadesh, near Amurru, falling before Sety I's assault. Battle reliefs at Karnak, via the University of Chicago (below). Goren, Finkelstein, and Na?aman: The Expansion of the Kingdom of Amurru According to the Petrographic Investigation of the Amarna Tablets | Yuval Goren and Nadav Na'aman - Academia.edu. Sety?s Battle Reliefs, including the possible scenes of Amurru, at the University of Chicago: Reliefs and Inscriptions at Karnak, Volume IV: The Battle Reliefs of King Sety I | Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures (uchicago.edu). Peter Brand, Ramesses II: Egypt's Ultimate Pharaoh, out now from Lockwood Press. Support The History of Egypt Podcast by shopping at RA EGYPTIAN, the clean skincare line inspired by ancient Egyptian ingredients! Visit www.ra-egyptian.com and use code EGYPT at checkout for 30% off your order! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Sety I (Part 4): Catching Up with the Kadeshians. Around 1300 BCE (chronology uncertain), Sety led another campaign into the north. This time, the pharaoh of Egypt marched into Canaan, Lebanon, and Syria. In the process, he visited local chieftains, went ?shopping? for luxury items, and then launched a daring attack on Kadesh? Details and sources: Date: c. 1300 BCE. Intro Music: Bettina Joy de Guzman. Interludes: Keith Zizza. Outro music and interludes: Luke Chaos. Website blog post: 182: The Battle for Kadesh ? The History of Egypt Podcast (egyptianhistorypodcast.com) Logo image: A warrior/cattleman flees with his animals, while Sety I attacks Kadesh. Image colours based on traces found at Karnak, edited by Dominic Perry 2023. Sety?s Battle Reliefs at Karnak, published by The Epigraphic Survey of The University of Chicago: Reliefs and Inscriptions at Karnak, Volume IV: The Battle Reliefs of King Sety I | Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures (uchicago.edu). Texts: Kenneth Kitchen's Ramesside Inscriptions volume 1. Hieroglyph versions at Internet Archive, English translations at Abercromby Press. Peter Brand, Ramesses II: Egypt's Ultimate Pharaoh, out now from Lockwood Press. Support The History of Egypt Podcast by shopping at RA EGYPTIAN, the clean skincare line inspired by ancient Egyptian ingredients! Visit www.ra-egyptian.com and use code EGYPT at checkout for 30% off your order! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

History Daily is your regular introduction to major events and stories. Every weekday, new stories arrive on topics ranging from war and fashion, culture and politics, religion and technology. Episodes run 18-20 minutes on average, providing a bite-sized exploration to major topics. Enjoy a special introduction to the show, covering one of the major events of the French Revolution. In 1893, the execution of King Louis XVI helped expand the crisis known as the Revolutionary Wars, a crisis that had a profound impact on the nascent field of Egyptology... Find History Daily on all podcasting apps, or at www.historydaily.com. Learn more about Airwave Media and its range of podcasts at www.airwavemedia.com. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Sety I (Part 3): The Great Hypostyle Hall of Karnak. In 1302 BCE (approximately) the pharaoh of Egypt Men-Ma?at-Ra Sety I commissioned a remarkable monument. A hall of columns, near the entrance of Karnak sanctuary, would be a gathering place for the gods and the faithful. This hall, called ?Sety is Effective in the House of Amun,? is now one of Egypt?s most famous (and most photographed) monuments? Details and sources: Date: c. 1302 BCE (Year 2 of Sety I). Music: Keith Zizza and Bettina Joy de Guzman. The Hypostyle Hall: Publications by The University of Chicago Epigraphic Survey: https://isac.uchicago.edu/research/publications/oip/great-hypostyle-hall-karnak-volume-1-part-1-wall-reliefs and https://isac.uchicago.edu/research/publications/oip/oip-142-great-hypostyle-hall-temple-amun-karnak Texts: Kenneth Kitchen's Ramesside Inscriptionsvolume 1. Hieroglyph versions at Internet Archive, English translations at Abercromby Press. Peter Brand, Ramesses II: Egypt's Ultimate Pharaoh, out now from Lockwood Press. Support The History of Egypt Podcast by shopping at RA EGYPTIAN, the clean skincare line inspired by ancient Egyptian ingredients! Visit www.ra-egyptian.com and use code EGYPT at checkout for 30% off your order! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Sety I (Part 2): The First Campaign of Victory. In1302 BCE, the pharaoh Men-Ma'at-Ra Sety I led a military expedition to the east. He attacked the Bedouin ("Shasu") in Sinai. Then, he turned his sights on Canaan. The new King was an active warlord, aggressive and eager to fight. Thanks to records at Karnak and elsewhere, we can trace his assault... Date: c. 1302 BCE (March - June). Music: Ancient Lyric and Luke Chaos. Sources: The war reliefs of Sety I, at Karnak, via the University of Chicago Reliefs and Inscriptions at Karnak, Volume IV: The Battle Reliefs of King Sety I | Institute for the Study of Ancient Cultures (uchicago.edu). Kenneth Kitchen's Ramesside Inscriptions volume 1. Hieroglyph versions at Internet Archive, English translations at Abercromby Press. Peter Brand, Ramesses II: Egypt's Ultimate Pharaoh, out now from Lockwood Press. Support The History of Egypt Podcast by shopping at RA EGYPTIAN, the clean skincare line inspired by ancient Egyptian ingredients! Visit www.ra-egyptian.com and use code EGYPT at checkout for 30% off your order! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Sety I (Part 1): A Repeat Appearance. In 1303 BCE, the old king Ramesses is dead after a brief reign. But now, for the first time in decades, a royal son is taking power. King Sety (Men-ma'at-Ra) ascends, aged approximately thirty years old. The new ruler's reign will be noteworthy for its splendid monuments and its abundant records. In fact, as his reign begins, we can even trace his movements on a week-to-week basis... Video version of Sety's coronation imagery available on YouTube. Note: Patrons enjoy an extended epilogue on this episode. Date: c. 1303 BCE (roughly July to September). Music: Luke Chaos and Keith Zizza. Logo image: Sety I from his royal tomb. Louvre Museum. Support the History of Egypt Podcast at www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Sources: Kenneth Kitchen's Ramesside Inscriptions volume 1. Hieroglyph versions at Internet Archive, English translations at Abercromby Press. Peter Brand, Ramesses II: Egypt's Ultimate Pharaoh, out now from Lockwood Press. Support The History of Egypt Podcast by shopping at RA EGYPTIAN, the clean skincare line inspired by ancient Egyptian ingredients! Visit www.ra-egyptian.com and use code EGYPT at checkout for 30% off your order! Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Peter Brand (Part 2): Ramesses I and Sety I. The start of Egypt's 19th Dynasty saw two significant reigns. Ramesses I, though short-lived, established a new regime and legacy. His son, Sety I, confirmed that legacy and expanded it magnificently. In this interview, Prof. Peter Brand continues his conversation about the early Ramessids. How they legitimized their rule, how they differed from their predecessors, and how they responded to recent political events (e.g. the Amarna Period). Dr. Peter Brand is Associate Professor at The University of Memphis (Tennessee, USA). He completed his PhD. in 1998 studying The Monuments of Sety I. In 2023, he has published an enormous study of the Ramesside era: Ramesses II: Egypt's Ultimate Pharaoh. A long-needed and beautifully written study of this reign in the big picture, Prof. Brand's book is a lively and beautifully presented work that will become a "standard reference" for Ramessid enthusiasts. Dr. Peter Brand at The University of Memphis. Peter Brand at Academia.edu. Peter Brand's new book, Ramesses II: Egypt's Ultimate Pharaoh at Lockwood Press. Peter Brand's book The Monuments of Sety I (2000) free pdf copy on Academia. Peter Brand (et al), The Great Hypostyle Hall at Karnak, Vols. 2-3, free pdf copies at Chicago Oriental Institute. Music by Luke Chaos. Music interludes by Keith Zizza and Hathor Systrum. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Peter Brand (Part 1): Ramesses I and his Household. When Paramessu became Ramesses I, his ascent marked a "break" in many ways. For historians studying this period, the evidence presents these pharaohs as a curious blend of traditional motifs and conscious reinvention. How did Ramesses, and his son Sety I, establish a new royal household; and guarantee their legitimacy, as newcomers to the throne? Dr. Peter Brand is Associate Professor at The University of Memphis (Tennessee, USA). He completed his PhD. in 1998 studying The Monuments of Sety I. In 2023, he has published an enormous study of the Ramesside era: Ramesses II: Egypt's Ultimate Pharaoh. A long-overdue, and beautifully written study of this reign in the big picture, Prof. Brand's new book is a lively and beautifully presented work that will become a "standard reference" for Ramessid enthusiasts. Dr. Peter Brand at The University of Memphis. Peter Brand at Academia.edu. Peter Brand's new book, Ramesses II: Egypt's Ultimate Pharaoh at Lockwood Press. Peter Brand's book The Monuments of Sety I (2000) free pdf copy on Academia. Peter Brand (et al), The Great Hypostyle Hall at Karnak, Vols. 2-3, free pdf copies at Chicago Oriental Institute. Music by Luke Chaos. Music interludes by Keith Zizza and Hathor Systrum. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Ramesses I and Pharaoh's Palace(s). Dr. Peter Lacovara is an experienced archaeologist, museum curator, and specialist in the palaces of Egyptian pharaohs. Since the 1980s Dr. Lacovara has been involved in many noteworthy projects. Most famously, he led the project to identify and repatriate the mummy of King Ramesses I. In this interview, we discuss the mummy and its return to Egypt, as well as the elaborate royal palace complex at Deir el-Ballas. Learn more: Peter Lacovara Home | The Ancient Egypt Heritage and Archeology Fund (ancientegyptarchaeologyfund.com) Deir el-Ballas - Wikipedia Support the Podcast at www.patreon.com/egyptpodcast. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

The Mummy Movie Podcast is dedicated to the many (many) films in which ancient Egyptian mummies play a role. From the 1932 classic, to the 1999 remake, and dozens more in between, mummies are a classic feature of horror, suspense, and adventure filmmaking. Egyptologist Peter Rose dives into these movies from the historical, production, and entertainment point of view, exploring every nook and cranny in these classic works. Find the Mummy Movie Podcast on all podcasting apps, or visit Mummy Movie Podcast - Hosted by Peter Rose (acast.com) Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Ramesses I (Part 2): Family, Regime, Remains. In 1304 BCE, Ramesses I rules Egypt. The new royal family is an interesting group, and we have a surprisingly detailed idea of Ramesses' son Suty (Sety). Then, we consider the legacy of Ramesses, which has some remarkably international elements... Details and sources: Date: c. 1304 - 1303 BCE. Music: Luke Chaos and Keith Zizza. Sources: Kenneth Kitchen's Ramesside Inscriptions volume 1. Hieroglyph versions at Internet Archive, English translations at Abercromby Press. Peter Brand, Ramesses II: Egypt's Ultimate Pharaoh, out now from Lockwood Press. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices