1. Age -associated Immunosenescence is sometimes treated as synonymous with immune insufficiency, resulting in enhanced random infections and reduced vaccine immunity, and tumor surveillance
2. Self-reactive immune responses are elevated in the elderly, which is a result of inflammaging, a chronic, low-grade, systemic pro-inflammatory phenotype in the absence of acute infection
3. Immunosenescence and inflammaging are pathophysiological, and can be the immune poise for hyperinflammation and autoimmune disease in the elderly, leading to severe morbidity and increased mortality.
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