Autism and the Basal Ganglia: Repetition, Sameness, & Habits

In this episode, we delve into defining the Autistic Phenotypes, emphasizing that while these traits are straightforward to identify, understanding their depth and impact requires integrating real-life data and personal experiences. We explore the characteristics of repetitive behaviors, habits, restricted interests, and a rigid adherence to schedules, which are pivotal to the Autistic Phenotypes. We will also discuss the Basal Ganglia pathways, specifically how the direct and indirect pathways influence these behaviors, touching upon how these neural connections relate to both the strengths (Superpowers) and challenges (Superdeficits) faced by individuals on the spectrum.

Our discussion extends into the biological and social aspects of autism, examining how the inherent biology of autism can lead to comfort within oneself, yet creates struggles when forced into societal norms. We'll address the notion of conflict within the nervous system, explaining how it responds reflexively to disruptions in established patterns or expectations. The episode will also cover the neurological underpinnings of autism, including the roles of dopamine, GABA, and the substantia nigra in modulating behaviors and habits. We'll connect these insights to the adaptive responses or the lack thereof, which are central to understanding why individuals with Autism might resist changes in routines or show intense focus on specific interests. Practical implications and the historical context from early Autism studies by Leo Kanner and Hans Asperger are revisited, offering a comprehensive view on how these traits manifest in real-life scenarios and affect social interactions

00:00 Understanding Autistic Phenotypes: Repetitive behaviors, restricted interests, and adherence to schedules. Basal Ganglia & strengths (superpowers) and challenges (superdeficits).

05:23 Neurological Mechanisms: Basal Ganglia's pathways (direct and indirect) & Autistic behaviors. Repetitive actions, learning, and habit formation; dopamine, excitation and GABA; Stemming and the discomfort with unpredictability in social contexts.

10:39 "Motivation", Movement, and Social Interaction: "Motivation" and motor movements & the basal ganglia & Autism; Social interactions & unpredictable, significant challenges & predictability. The segment also links these neurological pathways to DSM criteria for autism, highlighting the interrelation between motor and social behaviors.

15:55 Neuroplasticity and Adaptation: Neuroplasticity & the repeated strengthening of neural connections shape Autistic traits; adaptive responses managed by the prefrontal cortex, and resisting changes or adhere to routines.

20:52 Biological Energy: brain's energy management for learning and habit formation works in Autism; acetylcholine for focus, dopamine for persistence

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