History of the Second World War

The French had this cool thing called the Maginot Line, what has been happening there?

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Pick up a copy of The Price of Victory from Pen and Sword: https://www.pen-and-sword.co.uk/The-Price-of-Victory-Hardback/p/51599

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After the fall of Paris things continued to just as poorly as they did before.

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Paris Falls. General Brooke realizes that the British are no longer capable of helping the French.

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After the beginning of Case Red, the overall situation for the French would quickly begin to fall apart completely.

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Stage one of the German invasion had went so well, so now it was time for stage two.

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What were the Germans going to do to finally defeat France? What was going to happen to the critical Abbeville bridgehead?

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In this interview I was joined by Suzanne Rico who has released the new podcast The Man Who Calculated Death about her grandfather Robert Lusser, the man who led the team that built the V-1 bomb.

Check out the podcast at https://www.themanwhocalculateddeath.com/

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The evacuation of Dunkirk was underway, but discussions had already started for what the British and French would do next.

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Operation Dynamo would be wildly more successful than anybody would have predicted.

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Dunkirk, legends, myths, realities, all wrapped into one. But also, it sort of does not matter.

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The situation in Belgium and Northern France was falling apart, and disaster was looming. The only question was how the disaster would be managed.

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Battle of Britain by Ted Barris: https://sutherlandhousebooks.com/product/battle-of-britain/

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Midway: The Pacific War's Most Famous Battle https://www.ospreypublishing.com/us/midway-9781472862037/

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Hero City: https://www.ospreypublishing.com/us/hero-city-9781472856609/

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Check out Hitler's People here: https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/653631/hitlers-people-by-richard-j-evans/

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The channel ports were critical for the BEF, and the Germans knew it.

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The British and French divisions that were cut off in Belgium had a real problem, and it was getting worse by the hour.

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In this interview I was joined by Matt White, Creative Director and Co-Founder of Expression Games the developers of Hell Let Loose. Hell Let Loose is a grounded first person shooter which is based in the world of the Second World War.

Hell Let Loose: https://www.hellletloose.com/

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Things were going very badly for the French, but then the Germans gave them a bit of a breather.

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After the failure of the French counter attacks there was only one path forward, to the west.

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After the failures of the first counterattacks by forces available to Lafontaine, the French would have another opportunity, this time with 3 divisions under the command of General Flavigny.

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After the first failed counterattacks on the morning of May 14th, the French would attempt to launch another, far larger, effort in the afternoon. The key word in that sentence is "attempt".

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Have you heard of this Rommel guy? He seems to always be doing things.

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A critical part of the German plan for the invasion of France was to reach the Meuse as quickly as possible.

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While fighting was occurring to the north, it was through the Ardennes that the decisive German forces were moving.

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As the Germans moved across central Belgium the exact kind of battle that the French Army had been anticipating for years occurred, and they did very well.

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The German invasion of Belgium would begin on the morning of May 10th. The Belgian army had one goal: to buy time until reinforcements could arrive.

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On May 10th, 1940 there would be multiple countries invaded by the German military, the one that the podcast will cover first is The Netherlands.

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The original German plan for the invasion of France was safe, conservative, and downright boring. But then another plan appeared that was far more interesting.

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The French had been preparing for this moment since 1919, so what did they come up with?

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Join British and French leaders as they spend roughly 8 months trying desperately to fight a war anywhere but eastern France.

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During the period of the Phoney War the French and British would frantically prepare for the war that they were already in.

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When they entered the war the British and French had a plan, they would fight a long war against Germany. This would allow them to take advantage of their worldwide empire and their control of the seas. Then after years of rearmament and preparations they would launch their attack. All they had to do was hold off the Germans for a few years while the German economy imploded, it was such an easy plan. It would fail.

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This is a new series of episodes that are designed to solve one problem, this podcast is going to take a long time. One side effect of the amount of content the podcast needs to cover is that there are times when there is information from previous episodes or series that originally released years in the past which is now important background information for episodes that are about to release. This is where the summaries come in. Moving forward I will drop in a few summaries at appropriate times which will take a old series of episodes, in the case of today's episode the September Campaign series. Obviously this will not have the detail level of the earlier episodes, but it will allow for the key facts and themes of the earlier episodes to be brought back into everybody's memories right before it is most important.

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This is a new series of episodes that are designed to solve one problem, this podcast is going to take a long time. One side effect of the amount of content the podcast needs to cover is that there are times when there is information from previous episodes or series that originally released years in the past which is now important background information for episodes that are about to release. This is where the summaries come in. Moving forward I will drop in a few summaries at appropriate times which will take a old series of episodes, in the case of today's episode the Germany Prepares for War series. Obviously this will not have the detail level of the earlier episodes, but it will allow for the key facts and themes of the earlier episodes to be brought back into everybody's memories right before it is most important.

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This is a new series of episodes that are designed to solve one problem, this podcast is going to take a long time. One side effect of the amount of content the podcast needs to cover is that there are times when there is information from previous episodes or series that originally released years in the past which is now important background information for episodes that are about to release. This is where the summaries come in. Moving forward I will drop in a few summaries at appropriate times which will take a old series of episodes, in the case of today's episode the Third Republic series, and condense the entire series down into one roughly 25 minute episode. Obviously this will not have the detail level of the earlier episodes, but it will allow for the key facts and themes of the earlier episodes to be brought back into everybody's memories right before it is most important.

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The campaign was almost over, but for the people of Norway the war was just beginning.

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In the areas around Narvik the fate of northern Norway would be decided.

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While the Norwegians were trying to hold back the German attacks, they believed that help was on its way.

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As the Germans invaded Norway, in Paris and London decisions had to be made about how to respond.

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After the German assault on Narvik it was only a matter of time until the Royal Navy responded.

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While the German invasion was occurring in central and southern Norway, the northernmost German forces were going ashore at Narvik.

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As news of the German invasion spread, the Norwegian government tried to determine what was happening and what they should do about it.

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Wondery’s podcast American History Tellers takes you to the events, times and people that shaped America and Americans — our values, our struggles and our dreams.

In the early 1800s, slavery rapidly expanded across the American South. But each year, thousands of courageous enslaved men, women, and children fled their owners in search of freedom. And in Philadelphia, secret allies came to their aid. Quaker abolitionists collaborated with free Black people to bring the freedom seekers to safety.

It was the start of the Underground Railroad, a clandestine network of activists, safe houses, and escape routes that would help tens of thousands of enslaved people flee bondage in the decades before the Civil War and challenge the very roots of American slavery.

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The German ships on their way to Oslo were in for a nasty surprise, courtesy of the Norwegian defenders of the fortress at Oscarsborg.

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The German invasion would begin with disconnected attacks which forced individual units in several areas to make critical decisions.

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With British and German ships both sailing off the coast of Norway, at some point they were going to run into one another.

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The Germans would quickly put together a plan to invade Norway after realizing that the British might get there first.

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The German military would invade Norway in April 1940, but not before the British and French came very close to beating them.

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Before the German invasion of Norway, the Altmark reenters the podcast as the centerpiece of an international incident.

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In June 1940 the war at sea was about to change.

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U-boats in Scapa Flow! Wolfpacks on the prowl!

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When the war started the German U-boats were already prepared to play their part.

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The threat that the U-Boats posed was well known after the First World War, so how did the British plan to protect their trade from them?

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After being sighted by the British cruisers under Captain Harwood, it was only a matter of time before the story of the Admiral Graf Spee came to an end.

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For a few weeks the Admiral Graf Spee would be on a rampage in the South Atlantic.

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The Germans would have their surface raiders in position even before the war started.

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From above soared the bombers from below floated the mines.

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When the war started in Poland, so did the war at sea.

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AUSA’s Army Matters podcast amplifies the voices of the Total Army – one story at a time.

Join hosts LTG (Ret.) Les Smith and SMA (Ret.) Dan Dailey every other Wednesday as they interview the modern chroniclers of the Army experience to discuss inspiring leadership stories, current issues faced by Soldiers and our military families’ journeys.

Start listening now wherever you listen to podcasts.

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The leaders of the Kriegsmarine did not want to repeat the mistakes of the last war, so what did they want to do?

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This week the narrative takes a bit of a detour into conversations of the British shipbuilding industry during the interwar years.

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We start the discussions about the naval war with the largest navy in the world: The Royal Navy.

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This episode sees another previously member only episode released on the main feed. This episode discusses one of the lasting legacies of the of the Washington Naval Treaties, the class of ships that would come to be known as Treaty Cruisers.

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This episode sees another previously member only episode released on the main feed. This episode discusses the Washington Naval Treaty, why it was signed, and some of the impacts it had on navies around the world.

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You can find more information about Mark's book here: https://ospreypublishing.com/us/leyte-gulf-9781472851727/

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This episode sees another previously member only episode released on the main feed. This episode discusses the state of the Imperial Japanese Navy after the First World War and the views of Japanese naval leaders.

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This episode sees another previously member only episode released on the main feed. This episode discusses the state of the Royal Navy after the end of the First World War to set up discussions around the creation of the Washington Naval Treaty.

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As February turned into March, the desire of the Finns to find a way out of the war would finally succeed.

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In early 1940 Timoshenko and Zhukov would arrive, it was time for the Red Army to get serious.

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During the December 1939 and January 1940 there was fighting occurring all over Finland north of Lake Ladoga.

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One of the most famous battles of the entire war would be fought in northern Finland in late December.

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North of Lake Ladoga, near Tolvajärvi the first successful Finnish counter attack would be launched.

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In a break from the Winter War series, here is an episode from the Member Archives, discussing what is one my top Second World War reading recommendations.

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On November 30th, 1939 the first bombers would appear over Helsinki. The Winter War had started.

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The Winter War was starting, how did both sides plan to fight the war?

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After the negotiations with the Baltic nations, the Soviet Union turned its eye northward with the hope of another easy diplomatic victory.

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While the Second World War was ongoing elsewhere in Europe, the Soviet leaders would use the distraction to achieve a few of their longstanding goals in the Baltic.

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The Five Year Plans were important to the Red Army, they would also be very important to the Soviet Air Force and Navy.

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How was the Red Army preparing for war?

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The military would not escape the purges.

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It was time to clean house.

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After the first Five Year Plan, there were two more!

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Eventually the agricultural areas of the Soviet Union would hit a breaking point, people were dying from starvation and something had to change.

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This episode will dive into what collectivization looked like in practice and the impact it had on those in the countryside.

United24: https://u24.gov.ua/

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Collectivization was the path forward for Soviet agriculture, regardless of whether not the people actually wanted it.

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Massive economic changes are hard, but that would not prevent the Soviet Union from trying.

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Stalin rises to complete power in the Soviet Union, and the Red Army goes through major changes during the 1920s.

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Season 3 begins with the story of a young man from Georgia, Joseph Stalin.

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Even though the September Campaign was over, for the people of Poland the war had just begun.

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The September Campaign was over, this episode evaluates the performance of some of its participants.

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In the last days of September and early October the final organized resistance in Poland ended.

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In the final days of September the Capital of Poland would finally surrender to German troops.

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After the invasion by the Soviet Union, for the remaining pockets of resistance all over Poland it was only a matter of time.

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Just when it looked like things could not get worse for Poland the Soviets would invade.

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By the end of the second week of the invasion the Germans were closing in on Warsaw.

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With the Polish defense collapsing throughout Poland, on September 9th the remnants of Army Poznan and Pomorze would launch Poland's largest counterattack of the campaign. Contact [email protected] to advertise on History of the Second World War. History of the Second World War is part of the Airwave Media podcast network. Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

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While they now had allies in the war against Germany, things were not going well in Poland.

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With the British and French now in the war they could come to the rescue of the Poles....maybe?

British Cabinet Papers: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/cabinetpapers/cabinet-gov/cab65-second-world-war-conclusions.htm

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After the start of the German invasion, Poland would place their faith in their allies of Western Europe who would not immediately enter the war.

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In Southern Poland the most important target of the German invasion was Krakow.

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The primary point of German focus would be an attack by Army Group South targeting the area between Army Poznan and Army Lodz.

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In the Polish Corridor Army Pomorze had the unenviable task of defending not just an attack by one, but two, German armies.

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We begin our story of the defense of Poland by starting in the north with the hopeless defense of Danzig and the Baltic sea coast before moving further east to Army Modlin north of Warsaw.

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September 1, 1939.

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On August 31st Europe was just hours away from the Second German Invasion of Poland.

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A brief look at some of the equipment and organization of the German Army that would move into Poland in September 1939.

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We have talked quite a bit about Poland the last few episodes, time to check in on the Germans.

Sources mentioned in the last few minutes of the episode:

Unsigned Memorandum: https://archive.org/details/documentsongerma0007unse/page/200/mode/2up

170th Day of Trial of German Major War Criminals: http://nizkor.com/hweb/imt/tgmwc/tgmwc-18/tgmwc-18-170-03.shtml

Colonel General Halder Notes: https://archive.org/details/documentsongerma0007unse/page/556/mode/2up?view=theater

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Due to the reality of Poland's position in 1939, there were no great options, and the actions of others would force them into an even worse position.

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Throughout the 1930s Poland would prepare for war.

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On September 1, 1939 the German Wehrmacht would begin their invasion of Poland. But before we get there, we need to look at Interwar Poland. During this episode we will look at developments in Polish internal politics and foreign relations.

Sources: 

- Case White: The Invasion of Poland 1939 by Rober Forczyk

- Poland 1939: The Outbreak of World War II by Roger Moorhouse

- Appeasement: Chamberlain, Hitler, Churchill and the Road to War by Tim Bouverie

- The Origins of the Second World War: An International Perspective Edited by Frank McDonough

- The Polish Campaign 1939 by Steven Zaloga and Victor Madej

- The Foreign Policy of Jozef Pilsudski and Jozef Beck, 1926-1939: Misconceptions and Interpretations by Anna M. Cienciala

- The French Government and the Danzig Crisis: The Italian Dimension by P.R. Stafford

- Reflections from Rumania and Beyond: Marshal Smigly-Rydz in Exile by Stanley S. Seidner

- Macht Arbeit Frei? Chapter: The War against Poland and the Beginning of German Economic Policy in the Occupied Territory by Witold Wojciech Medykowski

- Poland Between the Wars, 1918-1939 Edited by Peter D. Stachura

- Poland's Preparation for World War Two by Michael Alfred Peszke

- The Rebirth and Progress of the Polish Military During the Interwar Years by Jacek Czarnecki

- The Eastern Pact, 1933-1935: A Last Attempt at European Co-operation by Lisanne Radice (1977)

- The Lights that Failed: European International History 1919-1933 by Zara Steiner

- Agreement of Mutual Assistance between the United Kingdom and Poland, August 25, 1939.

- Blitzkrieg Unleashed by Richard Hargreaves

- The Great Powers and Poland: From Versailles to Yalta by Jan Karski

- The History of the Panzerwaffe Volume 1: 1939-42 by Thomas Anderson

- September Storm: The German Invasion of Poland by Gordon Rottman & Stephen Andrew

- Britain and Poland, 1939-1943: The Betrayed Ally by Anita J. Prazmowska

- March 1939: The British Guarantee to Poland - A Study in the Continuity of British Foreign Policy by Simon Newman (1976)

- Poland 1939: The birth of Blitzkrieg by Steven J. Zaloga

- The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich by William Shirer

- Various Documents from the British Cabinet Papers, particularly CAB 55/19/15, CAB 65/1, CAB 65/3, and CAB 66/1

- Documents on German Foreign Policy 1918-1945

- Reflections from Rumania and Beyond: Marshal Smigly-Rydz in Exile by Stanley S. Seidner

- The British War Blue Book: Documents Concerning German-Polish Relations and the Outbreak of Hostilities Between Great Britain and Germany on September 3, 1939

- The French Yellow Book: Diplomatic Documents (1938-1939)

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It has been 107 episodes, so for one episode I will take a step back and try and summarize some of the themes and events of all of the Interwar episodes before we jump into the fighting in Europe in September 1939.

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On August 23rd an important step would be taken that would completely shift the balance of power in Europe: Germany and the Soviet Union had signed a nonaggression pact.

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There was always the option of getting the band back together, the three amigos joining forces once again to fighter Germany.

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Everybody was preparing for war in their own way

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In the years before the war Italy would bring itself closer and closer into the German orbit, but then as the war began it would back away.

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All around Europe smaller nations would be stuck in a rough spot. Also, at sea replenishment? Amphibious operations?

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In August 1939, the Red Army would unleash an offensive that the Japanese did not expect, and would be incapable of defending against.

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With both sides deciding to bring in more resources to defend their definition of the border, the Japanese decide to launch an attack in early July, 1939.

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Dr. Matthew Powell joins the podcast to discuss tactical air power during the interwar years.

Author of: The Development of British Tactical Air Power, 1940-1943: A History of Army Co-operation Command 

https://twitter.com/tac_air_power

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The summer of 1939, near the Mongolian village of Nomonhan, would see the largest clash between the Soviet Union and Japan of the interwar years, and it would have important ramifications for relations between the two nations as the world was rapidly descending into war.

Sources:

• Anti-Russian and Anti-Soviet Subversion: The Caucasian-Japanese Nexus, 1904-1945 by Hiroaki Kuromiya and Georges Mamoulia
• Japanese Geopolitics and the Mongol Lands, 1915-1945 by Li Narangoa
• Khalkin-Gol: The Forgotten War by Amnon Sella
• The Lake Khasan Affair of 1938: Overview and Lessons by Alvin D. Coox (1973)
• Soviet-Japanese Confrontation in Outer Mongolia: The Battle of Nomonhan-Khalkin Gol by Larry W. Moses (1967
• Nomonhan: Japan Against Russia, 1939 by Alvin D. Coox
• Nomonhan, 1939: The Red Army's Victory That Shaped World War II by Stuart D. Goldman

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During 1938 the border tensions between the Soviet Union and Japan would explode on the hill of Changkufeng near Lake Khasan.

Sources:

• Anti-Russian and Anti-Soviet Subversion: The Caucasian-Japanese Nexus, 1904-1945 by Hiroaki Kuromiya and Georges Mamoulia
• Japanese Geopolitics and the Mongol Lands, 1915-1945 by Li Narangoa
• Khalkin-Gol: The Forgotten War by Amnon Sella
• The Lake Khasan Affair of 1938: Overview and Lessons by Alvin D. Coox (1973)
• Soviet-Japanese Confrontation in Outer Mongolia: The Battle of Nomonhan-Khalkin Gol by Larry W. Moses (1967
• Nomonhan: Japan Against Russia, 1939 by Alvin D. Coox
• Nomonhan, 1939: The Red Army's Victory That Shaped World War II by Stuart D. Goldman

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As tensions in Europe continued to increase, Hungary would be provided with opportunities to settle its own scores.

Remember, Athletic Greens is going to give you a FREE 1 year supply of immune-supporting Vitamin D AND 5 FREE travel packs with your first purchase. All you have to do is visit athleticgreens.com/WW2HISTORY to take ownership over your health and pick up the ultimate daily nutritional insurance! 

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During this episode we dive into the story of one of the smaller players in European politics during the interwar years, Hungary.

Be sure to check out World War II On Topic from the National World War II Museum: World War II On Topic | The National WWII Museum | New Orleans (nationalww2museum.org)

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Author of The Next War in the Air Britains Fear of the Bomber 1908-1941

Also the author of an upcoming book _Home Fires Burning: Emotion, Spectacle, and Britain’s First War from the Air_

Find more of Dr. Holman's work at Airminded

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During the 1930s the RAF would spend a lot of time and effort trying to make its dreams a reality.

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The Italian and German air forces enter the war at very different points of their interwar evolution. One of was fading from power, the other was at its zenith. 

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Check out History Daily for your daily history podcast fix: History Daily - podfollow.com

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In which we look at the development of air power theory and capabilities in several nations that will be very important to the future course of events.

Remember, Athletic Greens is going to give you a FREE 1 year supply of immune-supporting Vitamin D AND 5 FREE travel packs with your first purchase. All you have to do is visit athleticgreens.com/WW2HISTORY to take ownership over your health and pick up the ultimate daily nutritional insurance! 

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A major topic of conversation during the interwar years was the ideas, power, and future of strategic bombing.

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Remember to check out Private Internet Access at privateinternetaccess.com/HistorySWW

Airpower was an important feature of the First World War, but after the conflict was over it entered into the great unknown - peace.

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During 1939 British rearmament efforts would escalate rapidly, but was it going to be enough?

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The British Army would be in a very clear third position when it came to defense spending during the interwar years, but that did not mean that it did not have moments of innovation and thought leadership. Money would be a real problem though.

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During the last half of the 1930s the British needed to get serious about rearmament, but they had some problems to solve first.

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Dr. Alan Allport has written the excellent Britain at Bay: The Epic Story of the Second World War, 1938-1941. He joined me to chat about various topics relating to interwar Britain, and of course Lord of the Rings (I really cannot resist, I am sorry).

Find out more about Dr. Allport: Alan Allport, Professor (syr.edu)

Check out Britain at Bay: Britain at Bay by Alan Allport: 9781101974698 | PenguinRandomHouse.com: Books

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While the Pacific ocean was on the other side of the world, far closer to home for the British was the Mediterranean, where there were also many problems.

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The British Empire spanned the entire globe, which was great...except for the fact that it meant defending the entire globe.

Sources:

• Air Power and Colonial Control: The Royal Air Force 1919-1939 by David E. Omissi
• Anglo-American Strategic Relations and the Far East 1933-1939: Imperial Crossroads by Greg Kennedy
• The History of Anglo-Japanese Relations, 1600-2000 Volume III: The Military Dimension Edited by Ian Gow and Yoichi Hirama with John Chapman
• 'A Fearful Concatenation of Circumstances': The Anglo-Soviet Rapprochement, 1934-6 by Michael Jabara Carley
• Brave New World: Imperial and Democratic Nation-building in Britain Between the Wars Edited By Laura Beers and Geraint Thomas
• Britain at Bay by Alan Allport
• The British Defence of Egypt 1935-1940: Conflict and Crisis in the Eastern Mediterranean by Steven Morewood
• British Establishment Perspectives on France, 1936-1940 by Michael Dockrill
• The British General Election of 1935 by James C. Robertson
• Patterns of the Future? British Mediterranean Strategy and the Choice Between Alexandria and Syprus 1935-8 by Manolis Koumas
• 'Living the Blackshirt Life': Culture, Community and the British Union of Fascists, 1932-1940 by Michael A. Spurr
• Economics, Rearmament, and Foreign Policy: The United Kingdom before 1939 - A Preliminary Study by R.A.C. Parker
• Fascism, Communism, and the Foreign Office, 1937-1939 by Donald Lammers
• Fighting the People's War: The British Commonwealth Armies and the Second World War by Jonathan Fennell
• Forgotten Armies by Christopher Bayly and Tim Harper
• Franco-British Relations and the Question of Conscription in Britain, 1938-1939 by Daniel Hucker
• The Battle for Britain: Interservice Rivalry between the Royal Air Force and Royal Navy; 1909-40 by Anthony J. Cumming
• Malta and British Strategic Policy 1925-1943 by Douglas Austin
• Pacifism and Politics in Britain, 1931-1935 by Michael Pugh
• The Royal Air Force, Air Power and British Foreign Policy, 1932-37 by Malcolm Smith
• British Rearmament in the 1930s: A Chronology and Review by J.P.D. Dunbabin
• The Royal Air Force - Volume 2: An Encyclopedia of the Inter-War Years 1930-1939: v. 2 by Ian Philpott
• British Seapower and Procurement Between the Wars: A Reappraisal of Rearmament by G.A.H. Gordon
• The British Government and the South African Neutrality Crisis, 1938-39 by Andrew Stewart
• Strategy versus Finance in Twentieth-Century Great Britain by Paul M. Kennedy
• The British General Staff: Reform and Innovation, 1890-1939 Edited By David French and Brian Holden Reid
• Deterrence and the European Balance of Power: the Field Force and British Grand Strategy, 1934-1938 by B.J.C. McKercher
• The Tradition of Appeasement in British Foreign Policy 1865-1939 by Paul M. Kennedy
• British Rearmament 1936-39: Treasury, Trade Unions and Skilled Labour by R.A.C. Parker
• Winston Churchill's Parliamentary Commentary on British Foreign Policy, 1935-1938 by Richard Howard Powers
• British Rearmament and the 'Merchants of Death': The 1935-36 Royal Commission on the Manufacture of and Trade in Armaments by David G. Anderson
• Whitehall and the Control of Prices and Profits in a Major War, 1919-1939 by Neil Rollings
• Thinking the Unthinkable: British and American Naval Strategies for an Anglo-American War, 1918-1931 by Chistopher M. Bell
• Britain's War: into Battle, 1937-1941 by Daniel Todman
• British Armour Theory and the Rise of the Panzer Arm: Revising the Revisionists by Azar Gat
• Changing American Perceptions of the Royal Navy Since 1775 by John B. Hattendorf
• Military Innovation and Technological Determinism: British and US Ways of Carrier Warfare, 1919-1945 by Kendrick Kuo
• British Military Policy between the Two World Wars by Brian Bond

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During the interwar period there were some areas in which British politics would change, but in many ways it would be more of the same.

Sources:

• Air Power and Colonial Control: The Royal Air Force 1919-1939 by David E. Omissi
• Anglo-American Strategic Relations and the Far East 1933-1939: Imperial Crossroads by Greg Kennedy
• The History of Anglo-Japanese Relations, 1600-2000 Volume III: The Military Dimension Edited by Ian Gow and Yoichi Hirama with John Chapman
• 'A Fearful Concatenation of Circumstances': The Anglo-Soviet Rapprochement, 1934-6 by Michael Jabara Carley
• Brave New World: Imperial and Democratic Nation-building in Britain Between the Wars Edited By Laura Beers and Geraint Thomas
• Britain at Bay by Alan Allport
• The British Defence of Egypt 1935-1940: Conflict and Crisis in the Eastern Mediterranean by Steven Morewood
• British Establishment Perspectives on France, 1936-1940 by Michael Dockrill
• The British General Election of 1935 by James C. Robertson
• Patterns of the Future? British Mediterranean Strategy and the Choice Between Alexandria and Syprus 1935-8 by Manolis Koumas
• 'Living the Blackshirt Life': Culture, Community and the British Union of Fascists, 1932-1940 by Michael A. Spurr
• Economics, Rearmament, and Foreign Policy: The United Kingdom before 1939 - A Preliminary Study by R.A.C. Parker
• Fascism, Communism, and the Foreign Office, 1937-1939 by Donald Lammers
• Fighting the People's War: The British Commonwealth Armies and the Second World War by Jonathan Fennell
• Forgotten Armies by Christopher Bayly and Tim Harper
• Franco-British Relations and the Question of Conscription in Britain, 1938-1939 by Daniel Hucker
• The Battle for Britain: Interservice Rivalry between the Royal Air Force and Royal Navy; 1909-40 by Anthony J. Cumming
• Malta and British Strategic Policy 1925-1943 by Douglas Austin
• Pacifism and Politics in Britain, 1931-1935 by Michael Pugh
• The Royal Air Force, Air Power and British Foreign Policy, 1932-37 by Malcolm Smith
• British Rearmament in the 1930s: A Chronology and Review by J.P.D. Dunbabin
• The Royal Air Force - Volume 2: An Encyclopedia of the Inter-War Years 1930-1939: v. 2 by Ian Philpott
• British Seapower and Procurement Between the Wars: A Reappraisal of Rearmament by G.A.H. Gordon
• The British Government and the South African Neutrality Crisis, 1938-39 by Andrew Stewart
• Strategy versus Finance in Twentieth-Century Great Britain by Paul M. Kennedy
• The British General Staff: Reform and Innovation, 1890-1939 Edited By David French and Brian Holden Reid
• Deterrence and the European Balance of Power: the Field Force and British Grand Strategy, 1934-1938 by B.J.C. McKercher
• The Tradition of Appeasement in British Foreign Policy 1865-1939 by Paul M. Kennedy
• British Rearmament 1936-39: Treasury, Trade Unions and Skilled Labour by R.A.C. Parker
• Winston Churchill's Parliamentary Commentary on British Foreign Policy, 1935-1938 by Richard Howard Powers
• British Rearmament and the 'Merchants of Death': The 1935-36 Royal Commission on the Manufacture of and Trade in Armaments by David G. Anderson
• Whitehall and the Control of Prices and Profits in a Major War, 1919-1939 by Neil Rollings
• Thinking the Unthinkable: British and American Naval Strategies for an Anglo-American War, 1918-1931 by Chistopher M. Bell
• Britain's War: into Battle, 1937-1941 by Daniel Todman
• British Armour Theory and the Rise of the Panzer Arm: Revising the Revisionists by Azar Gat
• Changing American Perceptions of the Royal Navy Since 1775 by John B. Hattendorf
• Military Innovation and Technological Determinism: British and US Ways of Carrier Warfare, 1919-1945 by Kendrick Kuo
• British Military Policy between the Two World Wars by Brian Bond

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History of the Second World War is part of the Airwave Media podcast network.

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PREORDER NOW: A CANLOAN Officer – a VMGCRA Reprint (PRE-ORDER) - The Vickers Machine Gun (vickersmg.blog)

In this interview I was joined by Rich Fisher from the Vickers MG Collection & Research Association to talk about the Vickers, how the Association got started, and a new book that is available for pre-order today which is a reprint of a memoir of a CANLOAN officer, Lieutenant Rex Fendick.

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During November 1938, a man would be murdered in Paris, and it would have drastic consequences for Jewish Germans.

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The interwar period of military evolution was a complicated web of influences, decisions, and inferences.

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There were many different opinions about the best method of projecting air power, in this episode we touch on some of the choices that the Luftwaffe would make.

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The two most well known German military leaders from the First World War would have two very different experiences in postwar Germany. But both who have interactions with one very particular person who would later be quite important.

You can find Hindenburg, Ludendorff, and Hitler by Alex Clifford here.

History's Most Podcast: History's Most (libsyn.com)

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During the late 1930s the expansion of the Kriegsmarine would get serious.

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Because you know I'm all about them boats, about them boats, no aircraft.

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In the last 18 months before the war Germany's desires far outstripped its available resources.

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Preparing for war is a delicate balance of short and long term preparations, but not everybody in Germany agreed about what those should be.

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In 1936 Germany began to seriously prepare for a future conflict, and almost immediately began to run into some economic problems.

Sources:

• The Wages of Destruction: The Making and Breaking of the Nazi Economy by Adam Tooze
• War and Economy in the Third Reich by R.J. Overy
• The Wehrmacht and German Rearmament by Wilhelm Deist
• The Third Reich and Yugoslavia: An Economcy of Fear, 1933-1941 by Perica Hadzi-Jovancic
• Hitler A Biography
• Hitler's Eagles by Chris McNab
• Quest for Decisive Victory: From Stalemate to Blitzkrieg in Europe, 1899-1940 by Robert M. Citino
• The Blitzkrieg Myth by John Mosier
• The Path to Blitzkrieg: Doctrine and Training in the German Army, 1920-1939 by Robert M. Citino
• 1930s German Doctrine: A Manifestation of Operational Art by Tal Tovy
• The Blitzkrieg Myth: How Hitler and the Allies Misread the Strategic Realities of World War II by John Mosier
• The Origin of the Term "Blitzkrieg": Another View by William J. Fanning Jr.
• Storm of Steel: The Development of Armor Doctrine in Germany and the Soviet Unition 1919-1939 by Mary R. Habeck
• Hitler's Eagles by Chris McNab
• Military Innovation in the Interwar Period Edited By Williamson Murray and Allan R. Millett
• Ship-of-the-Line or Atlantic Raider? Battleship Bismarck Between Design Limitations and Naval Strategy by Timothy P. Mulligan
• Strategy for Defeat the Luftwaffe 1933-1945 by Williamson Murray
• Battleship Bismarck: A Design and Operational History by William H. Garzke Jr., Robert O. Dulin Jr., and William Jurens

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History of the Second World War is part of the Airwave Media podcast network.

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The Munich Agreement had been signed, the territory transfers had started, it was time for the whole area to calm down....right?

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On September 30th, just before 2AM, the Munich Agreement was signed. Territory transfers were scheduled to begin less than 24 hours later.

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It seemed clear that nobody wanted to force the government in Prague to accept the Godesberg Memorandum and its demands, and war loomed on the horizon.

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Chamberlain would triumphantly arrive at Bad Godesberg with the agreements from Prague in hand, the Munich Crisis was now over....and then it absolutely was not.

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...because we were left alone.

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One of the major events leading up to the Munich agreement was a series of two personal conversations between the British Prime Minister Nivelle Chamberlain and Adolf Hitler. The original idea for these conversations originated in London during conversations that would occur in late August

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After the events of May and the phantom invasion and Czechoslovakian mobilization, the overall vibe in the area was tense. It also had a real effect on many governmental ministers all over Europe as for the first time in 20 years they had been pushed to what felt like the brink of a European wide war.

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In May 1938 a rumor would begin circulating, based on intelligence gathered by Czechoslovak and British sources, that Germany was about to launch an invasion.

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On September 30, 1938 one of the more controversial events of the interwar period would occur. But first, some background.

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We have talked about the Maginot Line and rearmament, now it is time to look at what the French army was planning to do.

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If France wanted to compete militarily with the growing power of Germany, it was going to have to start a serious effort to rearm itself.

Email: [email protected]

Twitter: WorldWar2Pod

Website: historyofthesecondworldwar.com

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In the last years before the war there were many different concerns in Paris, honestly too many to cover in one episode, but this episode discusses a few of them.

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After the wars were over, there were millions of veterans and each nation and each group of veterans found themselves in different positions. In this interview I was joined by Dr. Martin Crotty, Dr. Neil Diamant, and Dr. Mark Edele to discuss their book that looks at the experiences of veterans from many different nations after both World Wars.

Check out The Politics of Veteran Benefits in the Twentieth Century here https://www.cornellpress.cornell.edu/book/9781501751639/the-politics-of-veteran-benefits-in-the-twentieth-century/#bookTabs=1

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With the victory of the Popular Front it was time to completely transform French society, to fix all of the problems they had identified in the previous years....right? RIGHT?!

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The events of February 6th 1934 would result in a new unity on the French Left, enter the Popular Front.

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Among the most important projects by France during the 1930s would be relations with other nations.

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After their victory during the First World War the French had some very real problems. Those problems and their possible solutions would shape French policy during the interwar years.

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When the Anschluss occurred, there would be no fighting.

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During February 1938 relations between Austria and Germany begin to spiral out of control.

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On November 5th 1937 a meeting would take place where Hitler would outline the situation in Europe as he saw it, and why Germany would soon have to go to war.

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The concept of joining Austria and Germany was not a new idea though, and certainly not one that originated in Nazi Germany. It was instead something that was quite popular at various points in the past, and during this episode we will look at the roots of Pan-Germanism as a movement in the months and years immediately following the end of the First World War, and also why those Pan-Germanist dreams were not fulfilled after 1918. The movement would then have an interesting evolution as its strongest supporters in 1919 would be its strongest opponents in 1938, and shift that we will touch on both in this episode and in episode 58.

Website: http://www.historyofthesecondworldwar.com

Patreon: http://www.patreon.com/historyofhegreatwar

Apple Podcast Subscription: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/channel/history-of-the-world-wars/id6442476986?ls=1&at=1010l36mt&ct=01

Twitter: @WorldWar2Pod

Facebook: historyofthesecondworldwar

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After the fall of Nanking, there was still no end in sight for the fighting in China.

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After the Japanese Army took Nanking in December, what would follow was pain, death, and suffering.

Jutland Stream: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ymr1u5hy1XQ&t=1s

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With the Japanese landings from Hangzou Bay the Chinese positions in and around Shanghai become completely untenable.

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After the fighting spilled outside the city with Japanese landings on the river, the fighting would continue for months.

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The establishment of the puppet state of Manchuria would not be the end of the adventures of the Japanese in China, and instead they would endeavor over the course of the next decade to extend their influence, and during that expansion they would eventually fall into a full scale war with China. This episode will first look at why the Japanese felt they had to constantly increase the territory under their control, before looking at the Marco Polo Bridge incident, which would ignite the Second Sino-Japanese War.

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During the 1930s China would experience a devastating invasion. This invasion was launched by the Japanese who were trying to obtain greater access to the natural resources available in Manchuria and northern China. The result would be the start of the Second Sino-Japanese War, a devastating conflict, and perhaps the start of the Second World War.

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The Spanish Civil War was over, but its legacy would live on, both inside Spain and in a Europe that was soon plunging into a much larger conflict.

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Everything that has a beginning has an end.

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Intelligent Speech 4/24: https://www.intelligentspeechconference.com/shop/

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Register for Intelligent Speech! https://www.intelligentspeechconference.com/shop/ and use code GREAT

After the defeat at the Battle of Teruel, and with Valencia under threat, the Republic launches yet another attack, this time across the River Ebro.

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The large Republican attacks on the city of Teruel would backfire, and result not in victory, but with the Nationalists reaching the coast, cutting Republican Spain in two.

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On this episode of our Spanish Civil War Interview Series I was joined by Tom Wardle. Tom's research focuses on memory activism and how the Spanish Civil War is remembered, and how that memory is fought over, in modern day Spain. When discussing history it can be easy to fall into just discussing Person A did thing B on date C, when in fact one of the most important aspects of history is not just what happened, but also what the effects of those events were, and how we today remember those events. Near the end of our discussions Tom mentions the award winning 2018 documentary The Silence of Others, which I recommend to anybody who wants to learn more about some of the subjects we discuss.

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On this episode of our Spanish Civil War Interview Series I was joined by Dr. Louis Dean Valencia. Our conversation covered several different topics, including the concept of alt/histories, or the purposeful misrepresentation of history to serve a specific, often political, purpose. This idea is in no way limited to the history of the Spanish Civil War, or the Second World War, but is a concept that can be found throughout history.

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On this episode of our Spanish Civil War Interview Series I was joined by Dr. Stephanie Wright. The author of “Glorious Brothers, Unsuitable Lovers: Moroccan Veterans, Spanish Women, and the Mechanisms of Francoist Paternalism.” We discussed the treatment of wounded war veterans in post-Civil War Spain and Morocco. We also discuss Dr. Wright's current research into sexual violence in Francoist Spain.

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Two Republican attacks were launched in the hope of forcing forces to be moved from the north to other areas of Spain. These two attacks, at Guadarrama and Huesca will be our first topic for this episode. However, the primary focus will be on the battle of Brunete. This attack would be launched in July 1937 by the Republican Army and it would achieve one of its goals of forcing the Nationalists to move troops away from their attacks in the north, even if it was in reality too late to halt the collapse of the enclave. The Republicans would commit their best troops, and most of their armor assets, to the attack at Brunete and the failure of the attack would begin a clear decline in the fighting capabilities of the Republican forces, from which they would never really recover.

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On this episode of our Spanish Civil War Interview Series I was joined by Stephen Rainbird. Stephen's research focuses on the political relationship between Spain, Britain, and Portugal in the years before and during the Second World War. Our conversation focused mostly on the reaction of British political leaders to the events in Spain that led up to the Civil War, and then some of the reasons that the British government chose the path that it did during the conflict. We also discuss the very important matter of piracy in the Mediterranean during the war, where the pirates somehow got ahold of Italian submarines, spoke Italian, and were getting paid by the Italian government, weird situation really.

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After the opening battles of the Civil War, behind the front the political maneuverings would continue.

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https://edinburghuniversitypress.com/book-scots-and-the-spanish-civil-war.html

On this episode of our Spanish Civil War Interview Series I was joined by Dr. Fraser Raeburn. This interview continues our series of regional specific discussions, in this case about Scotland and how people in Scotland reacted to the Spanish Civil War, why some of them chose to go to Spain to fight in the International Brigades, and the humanitarian efforts that originated in Scotland.

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On this episode of our Spanish Civil War Interview Series I was joined by Dr. Charles Esdaile. Unlike some of the other interviews I have done for this series, this interview focuses very heavily on the military side of the conflict. At the end of the day the Spanish Civil War was a military conflict, and the military side of the story does deserve some attention. One of the interesting items that we discussed was how a seemingly small decision, how military units were organized, could have consequences that caused issues for the Republicans even outside the military theater.

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After the failure to take Madrid, the Nationalist shift their focus, and in their sights is the Republican Enclave in northern Spain.

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