IT’S HISTORY

Pawtucket Station, located in Pawtucket, Rhode Island, is a historic train station with a rich history dating back to its construction in 1916 by the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad. Designed in the Beaux-Arts style, it served as a bustling hub for passengers and freight, reflecting the city's industrial prominence in the early 20th century. The station witnessed a decline in usage post-World War II, exacerbated by the rise of automobile travel and the eventual collapse of the New Haven Railroad. By the early 1970s, regular passenger services ceased, leading to its abandonment. Despite various proposals for redevelopment and preservation, the station remains a poignant symbol of Pawtucket's past, standing as a testament to the transformative shifts in transportation and industry in the region.

The Brewster-Douglass Housing Projects in Detroit, constructed between 1935 and 1955, were among the first federally funded public housing projects in the United States. Initially intended to provide decent, affordable housing for African American families, they symbolized hope and progress during a period of rampant racial segregation and economic disparity. Named after prominent African American figures, these projects were once a thriving community that included notable residents such as Diana Ross and the Supremes. However, over the decades, the Brewster-Douglass homes fell into decline due to economic downturns, neglect, and systemic issues within public housing administration. By the early 2000s, the deteriorated conditions led to the demolition of the buildings, marking the end of an era for a significant piece of Detroit's social and architectural history.

Discovering American Heritage Through Tales of Urban Decay.

The Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe Railway, commonly known as the Santa Fe Railway, was chartered in 1859 to serve the rapidly expanding western United States. Its initial goal was to link Atchison and Topeka in Kansas with Santa Fe, New Mexico, facilitating commerce and settlement. Under the leadership of Cyrus K. Holliday and later William Barstow Strong, the railway expanded significantly, becoming one of the largest rail networks in the country. It played a crucial role in the development of the American Southwest, promoting tourism with its iconic Super Chief passenger train and fostering economic growth through freight services. In 1995, the Santa Fe Railway merged with the Burlington Northern Railroad to form the Burlington Northern Santa Fe Railway (BNSF), one of the largest freight railroads in North America.

Saltair was a resort built on the southern shore of the Great Salt Lake in Utah, first opening its doors in 1893. It was conceived by the Mormon Church and local businessmen as a place for wholesome recreation and quickly became a popular destination, renowned for its massive dance floor and scenic location. The original resort was destroyed by fire in 1925 and was rebuilt only to suffer repeated setbacks, including further fires, economic difficulties, and fluctuating lake levels. A second version of Saltair opened in 1931 but also burned down in 1933. The third iteration, opened in 1981, struggled with flooding and financial issues. Despite its storied past and periods of popularity, Saltair never fully recaptured its early 20th-century glory, leaving behind a legacy as a cherished but troubled landmark.

The Texas City Disaster, one of the worst industrial accidents in U.S. history, occurred on April 16, 1947, when a fire on the SS Grandcamp, docked in the Port of Texas City, caused its cargo to explode.The blast triggered a chain reaction, causing further fires and explosions on nearby ships and in industrial facilities. This tragic event highlighted the dangers of transporting hazardous materials and led to significant changes in regulations and safety practices in the chemical industry.

In 1960, a significant mid-air collision occurred over New York City, involving two commercial airliners. The incident took place on December 16th when United Airlines Flight 826, traveling from Chicago to New York City, and TWA Flight 266, en route from Ohio to New York City, collided in mid-air. The United Airlines flight subsequently crashed in the Park Slope neighborhood of Brooklyn, while the TWA aircraft fell in Staten Island. The tragedy resulted in a high number of casualties, including both passengers and people on the ground. The event led to major changes in air traffic control procedures to enhance aviation safety and prevent future accidents.

The Lucin Cutoff Trestle Bridge, an engineering marvel of its time, was completed in 1904 by the Southern Pacific Railroad to provide a more direct route across the Great Salt Lake in Utah. Designed to replace the original rail route that circumnavigated the lake, the trestle was a significant infrastructure project, stretching over 12 miles across the lake's western edge. This wooden trestle significantly shortened the travel distance and time for trains between Ogden, Utah, and Lucin, Nevada, improving efficiency and reducing operational costs. However, the trestle required constant maintenance due to the harsh, saline environment. In the mid-20th century, it was replaced by a more durable causeway, leaving the original structure to become a historical relic, a testament to early 20th-century American railroad ingenuity.

San Francisco's docks have a rich history that began during the California Gold Rush in 1849 when the city's natural harbor became a bustling gateway for ships carrying prospectors and goods. Rapid growth ensued, and by the late 19th century, the waterfront was lined with piers and warehouses, supporting the booming trade and industry. The docks played a crucial role in World War II, serving as a major hub for military operations and shipbuilding. Post-war, the decline in shipping led to economic struggles, but revitalization efforts in the late 20th century transformed the area into a vibrant commercial and recreational district, epitomized by landmarks such as Fisherman's Wharf and the Ferry Building. Today, the docks reflect a blend of historic significance and modern redevelopment, integral to San Francisco's cultural and economic landscape.

The Aon Center, originally known as the Standard Oil Building, is a prominent skyscraper in Chicago completed in 1973. Designed by Edward Durell Stone and Perkins and Will, the building was initially clad in Italian Carrara marble. It soon proved problematic due to its thinness and susceptibility to cracking under Chicago's weather conditions. In 1974, a marble slab fell, prompting a significant safety concern. By the early 1990s, the entire façade was replaced with Mount Airy white granite to ensure structural integrity. Renamed the Aon Center in 1999, it stands as the third tallest building in Chicago, with a sleek modernist design that continues to be a significant part of the city's architectural heritage.

The Blue Ridge Tunnel, completed in 1858, was a significant engineering feat of its time, designed by French engineer Claudius Crozet. Stretching nearly a mile under the Blue Ridge Mountains in Virginia, it was part of the ambitious Blue Ridge Railroad project intended to connect the Shenandoah Valley to eastern Virginia's rail network. Upon completion, the tunnel was the longest in the United States and played a crucial role in facilitating transport and trade in the region. Despite its initial success, the tunnel was eventually abandoned in the mid-20th century due to advancements in rail technology and the construction of more efficient routes. In recent years, the tunnel has been restored and repurposed as a historical site and hiking trail, allowing visitors to appreciate its significance and architectural ingenuity.

The Pulaski Skyway, an iconic elevated highway in New Jersey, was opened in 1932 as a critical component of the route linking Jersey City and Newark. Named after Revolutionary War hero General Casimir Pulaski, this 3.5-mile-long structure was designed to alleviate traffic congestion and facilitate industrial growth in the burgeoning port cities. Constructed during the Great Depression, the Skyway featured innovative engineering with its cantilever truss design and was celebrated as a marvel of modern infrastructure. Over the decades, it became both a vital transportation artery and a notorious traffic bottleneck, leading to extensive rehabilitation efforts in the 21st century to address its aging infrastructure while preserving its historic significance.

The collapse of California's St. Francis Dam stands as a tragic reminder of the devastating power of engineering failures. On March 12, 1928, the dam catastrophically failed, sending billions of gallons of water rushing through the Santa Clara River Valley. The colossal wave of destruction claimed the lives of over 400 people and caused extensive damage to property and infrastructure downstream. The disaster exposed flaws in design and construction, highlighting the importance of rigorous engineering standards and thorough safety inspections in large-scale infrastructure projects. The aftermath of the St. Francis Dam collapse spurred advancements in dam engineering and safety regulations, shaping the practices that govern modern-day water management systems.

On September 15, 1958, tragedy struck when Central Railroad of New Jersey (CNJ) commuter train #3314 suffered a catastrophic derailment on the Newark Bay lift bridge in Newark Bay, New Jersey. Ignoring restrictive and stop signals, the train careened off the bridge, plunging both diesel locomotives and the first two coaches into the bay, claiming the lives of 48 passengers and injuring 48 more. The wreckage was exacerbated by a third coach, which dangled precariously from the bridge before succumbing to gravity two hours later. With the locomotive crew among the casualties, the exact cause of the disaster remained elusive, although the absence of a "dead man's control" likely played a role in the derailment. This tragic event underscored the vital need for enhanced safety measures in railroad operations and led to significant reforms in railway signaling and control systems.

The Drive-in Theatre, an iconic American entertainment venue, emerged in the early 20th century as a novel way to enjoy movies from the comfort of one's car. Conceived by Richard Hollingshead Jr. in 1933, the concept quickly gained popularity, providing families with a unique cinematic experience. Its peak came in the 1950s and 1960s when it became a cultural phenomenon, offering a blend of leisure and convenience during the post-war boom. However, with the rise of multiplex cinemas and home entertainment systems, drive-ins faced a decline in the late 20th century. Despite this, nostalgic sentiment and a desire for outdoor experiences have led to a resurgence in recent years, with many drive-ins adapting to modern technology while preserving their classic charm. Today, these outdoor theaters continue to evoke a sense of nostalgia while providing a distinctive cinematic experience under the stars.

The Gowanus Canal, situated in Brooklyn, New York, boasts a rich yet checkered history that mirrors the evolution of urban landscapes in America. Originally a serene tidal inlet surrounded by marshlands, the canal underwent a dramatic transformation in the 19th century when it was dredged and transformed into an industrial waterway to accommodate burgeoning commercial activities. The canal became a vital artery for Brooklyn's industrial expansion, serving industries ranging from shipping to manufacturing. However, this rapid development came at a cost, as the canal became heavily polluted due to industrial runoff and sewage discharge. Despite its ecological challenges, the Gowanus Canal remains an emblem of New York's industrial heritage and is undergoing extensive restoration efforts aimed at revitalizing its waterfront and addressing environmental concerns for future generations.

The lost World's Fair Subway line in New York City has a rich yet fleeting history. Constructed for the 1939-1940 World's Fair held in Flushing Meadows-Corona Park, Queens, the line served as a direct route for fairgoers from Manhattan to the fairgrounds. However, its legacy was short-lived, as it ceased operations shortly after the fair's conclusion. Despite efforts to repurpose the line for public transit, logistical challenges and financial constraints led to its abandonment. Today, remnants of this once-prominent subway line linger beneath the city streets, serving as a nostalgic reminder of a bygone era of innovation and grandeur.

The stadium, commonly called Soldier Field, stands as a monumental symbol in Chicago's sporting and architectural landscape. Constructed in 1924 and initially named Municipal Grant Park Stadium, it was renamed Soldier Field in 1925 to honor American soldiers who lost their lives in combat. Originally designed as a multipurpose venue, Soldier Field has hosted many events, including football games, concerts, and political rallies. Over the years, the stadium underwent several renovations, notably in 2003, when it was extensively modernized while preserving its historic façade. Today, Soldier Field not only remains home to the Chicago Bears of the National Football League (NFL) but also serves as a vibrant venue for various cultural and entertainment events, reflecting the city's dynamic present alongside its rich heritage.

New York's Forgotten Corona Ash Dump, also known as the Corona Ash Dump or simply the Corona Dump, was once a significant site in the city's waste management history. Located in Queens, it operated from the late 19th century to the mid-20th century, serving as a dumping ground for coal ash and other industrial waste. The site was crucial in managing the city's burgeoning waste output during the industrial era. However, as environmental awareness grew and regulations tightened, the dump fell into disuse and was eventually closed. Today, it is a forgotten relic of New York City's industrial past, reclaimed by nature and largely unknown to many of its residents.

The House on the Rock, nestled in the scenic hills of Wisconsin, boasts a rich history dating back to the 1940s when Alex Jordan Jr. began constructing the extraordinary structure atop Deer Shelter Rock. Originally envisioned as a retreat showcasing Jordan's eclectic collections and architectural whimsy, the House on the Rock has since evolved into a beloved tourist attraction. Its labyrinthine corridors lead visitors through a mesmerizing maze of themed rooms, filled with an astonishing array of artifacts, antiques, and curiosities from around the world. Over the years, the House on the Rock has grown in both size and renown, captivating generations of visitors with its unparalleled blend of imagination, creativity, and eccentricity.

Capitola, California, nestled along the picturesque coastline of Santa Cruz County, boasts a rich history dating back to the late 19th century when it became one of the state's first resort towns. Initially established as a seaside retreat, Capitola's charming cottages, sandy beaches, and colorful wharf attracted tourists seeking respite from bustling city life. Over the decades, it evolved into a vibrant community blending historic charm with modern amenities, drawing visitors with its scenic beauty and relaxed atmosphere. However, despite its allure, Capitola faces the looming threat of storms due to its coastal location. With rising sea levels and increasing intensity of weather events fueled by climate change, the town's coastline is vulnerable to erosion and flooding. Efforts to mitigate these risks through coastal protection measures and sustainable development are underway, emphasizing the delicate balance between preserving Capitola's natural beauty and ensuring its resilience in the face of environmental challenges.

The Santa Fe passenger train incident at Los Angeles' Union Station marked a dramatic chapter in the history of railway transportation. On that fateful day, the train, bound for its destination, encountered a catastrophic failure in its braking system, rendering it unable to stop as it approached the station platform. With its momentum unchecked, the train crashed through a concrete barrier, shattering the tranquility of the station's concourse. The deafening roar of metal meeting concrete echoed through the halls as panic ensued among passengers and bystanders. Miraculously, despite the chaos and destruction, there were no fatalities. However, the incident left an indelible mark on the collective consciousness, serving as a sobering reminder of the inherent risks associated with rail travel and prompting a renewed focus on safety protocols within the industry. In the aftermath of the event, rigorous investigations were launched, leading to the implementation of enhanced safety measures and the tightening of regulations to prevent such occurrences in the future. This historic incident at Union Station stands as a testament to the resilience of both the railway system and the human spirit, underscoring the imperative of continual vigilance in ensuring the safety of passengers and personnel alike.

The I-35W Mississippi River Bridge collapse, a tragic event in American infrastructure history, occurred on August 1, 2007, in Minneapolis, Minnesota. The bridge, a vital artery connecting the northern and southern parts of the city, failed during evening rush hour, sending vehicles and their occupants plummeting into the river below. Thirteen people lost their lives, with many more injured. The collapse brought attention to the state of aging infrastructure across the United States, prompting discussions on the importance of regular maintenance and investment in updating bridges and roads. Investigations revealed design flaws and structural deficiencies in the bridge, highlighting the need for stringent inspection protocols and infrastructure renewal efforts nationwide. The disaster spurred significant changes in infrastructure policy and funding, emphasizing the imperative of ensuring public safety and the resilience of critical transportation networks.

The Bennie Railplane, conceived by Scottish engineer George Bennie in the early 1930s, was a pioneering transportation concept to revolutionize urban travel. This innovative design envisioned a streamlined, elevated rail system with lightweight carriages suspended from an overhead track, powered by electric motors. Bennie's vision sought to alleviate traffic congestion and provide a faster, more efficient mode of transportation. Despite successful test runs and considerable public interest, the Railplane faced financial and logistical challenges, ultimately leading to its demise. Though the Railplane never achieved widespread adoption, it remains a fascinating chapter in the history of transportation innovation, showcasing its creator's bold ideas and ingenuity.

The Field Building, now known as the LaSalle Bank Building, stands as an iconic landmark in the heart of Chicago's Loop. Completed in 1934, it was originally named after Marshall Field, the renowned department store magnate. Designed by the architectural firm Graham, Anderson, Probst & White, the Field Building quickly became a symbol of modernity and progress with its striking Art Deco design and towering presence. At the time of its completion, it was one of the tallest buildings in the city. Over the years, it has undergone several name changes due to changes in ownership, but its architectural significance and historical prominence have endured, making it an integral part of Chicago's skyline and cultural heritage.

Discovering American Heritage Through Tales of Urban Decay.

The 13th Regiment Armory, a historic landmark designed by architects Rudolph L. Daus and Fay Kellogg, was built between 1892 and 1894 in Bedford-Stuyvesant, Brooklyn, New York City. Currently serving as the Pamoja House, a homeless shelter for men managed by Black Veterans for Social Justice, Inc., and supervised by the New York City Department of Homeless Services, the armory bears an expansive yet austere design. Noted for its forbidding appearance, it stands as a symbol of strength and community, reflecting the ethos of togetherness encapsulated in its Swahili namesake, "Pamoja."

When Liberty Island served as a military fort, it played a crucial role in defending the strategic entrance to New York Harbor. Originally known as Bedloe's Island, it was fortified in the early 19th century to safeguard the harbor from potential enemy incursions. The island's strategic location made it an ideal site for military installations, and it housed various defensive structures over the years, including Fort Wood, which was completed in 1811. During its time as a military fort, Fort Wood served as a key defense point during the War of 1812 and later became the pedestal for the Statue of Liberty. Its military significance gradually diminished, and by the late 19th century, the island's focus shifted towards becoming a symbol of freedom and democracy, culminating in the dedication of the Statue of Liberty in 1886.

Plum Island, located off the northeastern coast of Long Island, New York, has a rich history spanning centuries. Originally known as "Isle des Plumes" by early French settlers due to its abundant bird population, it later became a haven for pirates and smugglers during the colonial era. In the 19th century, it was used as a quarantine station for diseased livestock, helping prevent the spread of diseases to mainland farms. During World War II, the island was taken over by the U.S. government and used for military purposes. In 1954, the Plum Island Animal Disease Center was established by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, where research on infectious animal diseases, including foot-and-mouth disease, was conducted. Today, the island remains a site of scientific research, though its future is uncertain amidst discussions of potential closure and redevelopment.

The history of Atlanta's abandoned underground is a tale of urban evolution and economic transformation. Originally constructed in the 1920s as a network of underground streets and storefronts, it served as the bustling commercial heart of the city's retail district. However, the rise of suburban shopping malls in the mid-20th century led to its decline, and by the 1970s, it had been largely abandoned. In the 1980s, visionary entrepreneurs repurposed this subterranean space into a vibrant entertainment district known as Underground Atlanta, attracting visitors with its unique shops, restaurants, and nightlife. Despite its initial success, challenges such as crime and changing consumer habits led to its gradual decline once again. Today, while efforts to revitalize the area continue, Atlanta's abandoned underground stands as a testament to the city's ever-changing urban landscape and the ongoing quest for renewal.

The Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge stands as an iconic feat of engineering, spanning the entrance to New York Harbor and connecting the boroughs of Staten Island and Brooklyn. Designed by Swiss-American engineer Othmar Ammann, who also contributed to the design of the George Washington Bridge, the bridge opened to the public on November 21, 1964. Named after Italian explorer Giovanni da Verrazzano, the structure held the title of the world's longest suspension bridge until the completion of the Humber Bridge in the United Kingdom in 1981. Its construction required immense effort, with over 12,000 workers laboring tirelessly to complete the project. Today, the Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge remains a vital transportation artery, facilitating the flow of goods and commuters between Staten Island and the rest of New York City, while also offering breathtaking views of the city skyline and the harbor below.

The subterranean maze known as the Chicago Pedway System sprang into existence during the 1950s to counter the city's unforgiving winters and burgeoning downtown growth. Originally conceived to interconnect diverse structures within the Loop, its scope gradually expanded, now spanning over five miles of corridors that interlace offices, hotels, retail hubs, and transportation nodes. Throughout the latter part of the 20th century, the Pedway underwent continuous upgrades and extensions to harmonize with the evolving urban milieu. Serving as a vital conduit for both commuters and sightseers, it endures as a prominent component of Chicago's cityscape, seamlessly blending utility with architectural allure.

The George Washington Bridge, one of the most iconic structures in New York City, has stood as a symbol of engineering marvel and vital transportation link since its completion in 1931. Designed by renowned engineer Othmar H. Ammann, this double-decked suspension bridge spans the Hudson River, connecting Fort Lee, New Jersey, to Washington Heights in Manhattan. Initially named the Hudson River Bridge, it was renamed in honor of the first President of the United States. With its majestic towers rising 604 feet above the water and a main span of 3,500 feet, the George Washington Bridge was the longest suspension bridge in the world at the time of its opening. Over the decades, it has become an essential artery for commuters, carrying millions of vehicles annually between New Jersey and New York. Its significance extends beyond transportation, serving as an emblem of the region's resilience and ingenuity. Today, the George Washington Bridge remains a vital lifeline for the bustling metropolis, embodying the spirit of connectivity and progress.

Born from a vision to connect Illinois' north and south, the Illinois Central Railroad rose in the 1850s, fueled by land grants and a booming economy. Its tracks stretched across the state, fostering the growth of cities and industries. It became a prominent player, hauling not only passengers but also the lifeblood of the nation: grain, coal, and manufactured goods. However, the 20th century brought new challenges. Competition from other transportation modes, coupled with economic downturns and mismanagement, chipped away at the railroad's dominance. By the late 1990s, the Illinois Central, once a symbol of progress, merged with another struggling railroad, marking the end of an era. Its legacy lives on in the infrastructure that still crisscrosses the landscape, a testament to a time when the iron horse ruled the American heartland.

Fort Hancock, situated on Sandy Hook in New Jersey, rose to prominence in the late 19th century as a vital coastal defense installation tasked with safeguarding the entrance to New York Harbor. Established in 1895, the fortification played a crucial role in the defense strategy of the United States, particularly during times of conflict like World War I and World War II. Its strategic location and advanced coastal artillery systems made it a formidable stronghold. However, with advancements in military technology and changes in defense priorities, Fort Hancock's significance diminished over time. By the mid-20th century, its role as a frontline defense post waned, leading to its eventual decommissioning in 1974. Despite its fall from military prominence, Fort Hancock remains a testament to the nation's coastal defense history, now preserved as part of the Sandy Hook Unit of Gateway National Recreation Area, offering visitors a glimpse into its storied past.

The Aerotrain, a groundbreaking innovation in transportation, emerged in the mid-20th century as a vision of streamlined, high-speed travel. Conceived by French engineer Jean Bertin in the 1960s, the Aerotrain aimed to revolutionize rail travel with its hovercraft-like design, utilizing air cushion technology to glide above its track. Bertin's prototype, the Aérotrain 01, conducted successful test runs in the late 1960s, showcasing its potential for high speeds and efficiency. However, despite initial enthusiasm and support, the Aerotrain faced challenges in securing funding and widespread adoption, ultimately losing out to more conventional high-speed rail technologies. Despite its limited commercial success, the Aerotrain remains a symbol of innovation and a testament to the ambitious pursuit of futuristic transportation solutions.

The Nike Missile Base in Addison, Illinois, once served as a vital component of America's defense strategy during the Cold War. Operational from 1955 to 1971, it was equipped with anti-aircraft missiles to defend against potential aerial attacks. However, as the threat landscape changed and military technology evolved, the need for such bases diminished. In the years following its closure, the site underwent a transformation. Recognizing the potential to repurpose the land for community benefit, local authorities and activists worked to convert the former missile base into a park for children. The process involved extensive planning, cleanup efforts, and community involvement to ensure the site's safety and suitability for recreational use. Through collaborative efforts and dedication, the once-military facility became a place where children could play, families could gather, and the community could thrive. Today, the former Nike Missile Base in Addison, Illinois, stands as a testament to the power of repurposing, turning a relic of the Cold War into a space of joy and recreation for generations to come.

Florida's sinkholes, a geological marvel and occasional hazard, trace their history back thousands of years. Formed by the dissolution of soluble bedrock, particularly limestone, beneath the Earth's surface, these depressions have shaped Florida's landscape. Over time, the state's unique hydrological conditions, characterized by porous limestone and fluctuating water levels, have made it particularly susceptible to sinkhole formation. Native Americans and early settlers navigated these natural features, but it wasn't until the 20th century that the phenomenon gained significant scientific attention. Today, Florida's sinkholes continue to captivate researchers, engineers, and residents alike, serving as a reminder of the dynamic forces shaping the Sunshine State's terrain.

The bunker on Cape May Beach is a fascinating relic from the past, nestled among the dunes and sands of this picturesque New Jersey shoreline. Originally constructed during World War II, this concrete structure served as a vital part of the coastal defense system, guarding against potential enemy attacks. Today, the bunker stands as a hauntingly beautiful reminder of history, its weathered facade a testament to the passage of time. Visitors can explore its interior, imagining the lives of the soldiers who once manned its walls and the tense atmosphere of wartime America. Surrounded by the serene beauty of Cape May Beach, the bunker offers a unique blend of historical intrigue and natural splendor, making it a must-see attraction for history enthusiasts and beachgoers alike.

River View Amusement Park, once a vibrant entertainment destination nestled along the banks of the Chicago River, held sway over the city's amusement scene from 1904 to 1967. Established by amusement impresario William Schmidt, River View enchanted generations of Chicagoans with its thrilling rides, carnival games, and lively entertainment. Boasting attractions like the Silver Flash roller coaster and the iconic Flying Turns, River View became a cherished summer escape. However, as urban development encroached and attendance dwindled, the park closed its gates in 1967. Though River View's physical presence has long vanished, its legacy endures in the hearts and memories of those who experienced its magic, while echoes of its heyday linger in Chicago's cultural landscape.

The Illinois-Indiana State Line Boundary Marker is one of the oldest extant structures in the City of Chicago, constructed to commemorate the establishment of the common boundary between the two states in 1833 and today we discover it's story.

Los Angeles is a city built upon layers of history, with each era leaving its mark on the landscape. Amidst the bustling streets and towering buildings, there's a hidden piece of the city's past that often goes unnoticed: its forgotten pedestrian tunnels. These subterranean passages, once bustling with life, now lie abandoned and largely forgotten by the masses. Constructed in the early to mid-20th century, these tunnels were designed to provide safe passage for pedestrians, allowing them to traverse busy intersections without the risk of traffic accidents. However, as the city evolved and transportation patterns shifted, many of these tunnels fell into disuse. Today, these forgotten pedestrian tunnels stand as relics of a bygone era, offering a glimpse into a time when foot traffic reigned supreme in the City of Angels. Some have been repurposed for storage or utility purposes, while others remain eerily deserted, their entrances hidden beneath layers of urban sprawl. Despite their neglect, these tunnels hold a certain allure for urban explorers and history enthusiasts alike, who seek to uncover the stories and secrets buried beneath the streets of LA. As the city continues to evolve, it's important to remember and preserve these forgotten relics, as they serve as a reminder of the rich and diverse history that lies beneath the surface of Los Angeles.

The history of California's lost redwood forests is a poignant tale of environmental transformation and exploitation. Before the mid-19th century, vast expanses of ancient redwood groves blanketed the coastal regions of northern California, creating awe-inspiring landscapes with towering trees that stood for thousands of years. However, the Gold Rush of 1849 triggered an influx of settlers, leading to widespread logging and clearing of these majestic forests to meet the demands for timber and land. The once-spectacular redwood ecosystems, with trees reaching heights of over 300 feet, were decimated by the logging industry. Despite conservation efforts in the 20th century, a significant portion of California's original redwood forests is forever lost, serving as a reminder of the delicate balance between human progress and the preservation of natural wonders. Today, the remaining redwood groves, such as those in Redwood National and State Parks, stand as living monuments to the resilience of these ancient giants and the ongoing commitment to their conservation.

The lost Skybus of Pittsburgh represents a fascinating chapter in the city's transportation history. In the 1950s, urban planner and engineer Charles C. Sprague envisioned an innovative solution to alleviate traffic congestion by introducing an automated, high-speed transit system called the Skybus. The system consisted of driverless electric vehicles suspended from elevated tracks. Despite initial enthusiasm and a successful prototype, the project faced numerous challenges, including financial setbacks and skepticism from the public. Ultimately, the ambitious Skybus project was abandoned in the 1960s, leaving behind a few remnants of its infrastructure and a legacy of unrealized potential in revolutionizing urban transportation in Pittsburgh. The lost Skybus stands as a testament to the city's willingness to explore cutting-edge solutions and the complexities that sometimes accompany ambitious endeavors.

Oregon City's Forgotten Municipal Elevator, a hidden gem in the heart of the city, stands as a testament to the bygone era of industrial innovation. Tucked away from the bustling streets, this historic elevator once played a crucial role in connecting the upper and lower sections of Oregon City. Constructed in the early 20th century, the elevator was an engineering marvel, offering a convenient means for residents to traverse the steep cliffs that define the city's topography. Over time, as transportation methods evolved and the need for such a distinctive elevator diminished, it fell into obscurity. Despite its forgotten status, the Municipal Elevator stands as a silent witness to Oregon City's rich history and serves as a reminder of the ingenuity that shaped the cityscape in days gone by.

The story of Colossus unveils a pivotal chapter in the history of computing and code-breaking during World War II. Developed by British engineers at Bletchley Park, Colossus was the world's first programmable electronic computer, designed with the specific purpose of deciphering encrypted German messages. Completed in 1944, Colossus played a crucial role in breaking the Lorenz cipher, a high-level code used by the German military. Its innovative design and groundbreaking capabilities marked a significant leap forward in computational technology, demonstrating the power of electronic machines in handling complex cryptographic tasks. The success of Colossus significantly contributed to the Allied victory, showcasing the transformative potential of early computing technology and setting the stage for future advancements in the field.

The Civic Arena, fondly known as the "Igloo" for its unique domed roof, stood as a Pittsburgh icon from its opening in 1961 until its closure in 2010. Originally designed for the Pittsburgh Civic Light Opera, the arena became the home of the Pittsburgh Penguins in 1967, witnessing the team's triumphs, including back-to-back Stanley Cup victories in the early 1990s. Despite its innovative retractable roof and historic moments, the arena faced challenges with aging infrastructure and was eventually replaced by the modern PPG Paints Arena in 2010. The closure marked the end of the Igloo era, and in 2012, the iconic dome was imploded, concluding a significant chapter in Pittsburgh's sports and entertainment history. The Civic Arena's legacy lives on in the memories of those who experienced its unique charm and celebrated the city's sporting achievements within its distinctive walls.

The Pennsylvania Railroad (PRR) was one of the most influential and successful railroad companies in the United States, playing a crucial role in the development of the nation's transportation infrastructure. Chartered in 1846, the PRR began operations in 1847 and quickly grew into a vast network that connected the Midwest and Northeast, particularly linking Philadelphia and Pittsburgh. One of the key figures in the early history of the Pennsylvania Railroad was J. Edgar Thomson, who served as its first chief engineer and later as its president. Under Thomson's leadership, the PRR adopted innovative engineering practices and technologies, including the use of standard gauge track, which facilitated smoother and more efficient operations. The railroad expanded rapidly during the 19th century, acquiring or constructing numerous branch lines and connecting with other railroads to create an extensive network. The completion of the Horseshoe Curve in 1854, an engineering marvel at the time, further enhanced the efficiency of the PRR's mainline through the Allegheny Mountains. The Pennsylvania Railroad continued to grow and modernize, becoming the largest publicly traded corporation in the world by market capitalization during the early 20th century. It played a crucial role in transporting goods and passengers, contributing significantly to the industrial and economic development of the regions it served. The decline of the railroad industry in the mid-20th century had a profound impact on the Pennsylvania Railroad. In 1968, the PRR merged with the New York Central Railroad to form the Penn Central Transportation Company, which eventually became part of the federally created Conrail in 1976. Although the Pennsylvania Railroad itself no longer exists, its legacy endures through its contributions to the development of American railroads and its impact on the nation's transportation history. Many of its former routes and structures remain in use today as part of the modern rail network.

The New York City Subway's "money train" was a specialized train used to collect and transport cash fares from stations throughout the city to a central processing facility. Introduced in 1951, the armored train was a crucial part of the subway's operations, ensuring that the vast sums of money generated from passenger fares were safely secured and transported. The train operated throughout the night, making multiple stops at stations to collect money bags from ticket machines and booths. Armed guards accompanied the money, and the train itself was equipped with reinforced compartments and security measures. In 2006, the introduction of MetroCards and the phasing out of token-based fare collection rendered the money train obsolete. The last money train service ran in January 2006, marking the end of an era for this iconic part of the subway's history.

Discovering American Heritage Through Tales of Urban Decay.

Discover the engineering marvel behind the unprecedented transformation of the Bayonne Bridge! Join us to uncover the strategic reasons why New York elevated this iconic structure by 64 feet, revolutionizing its role in global trade and transportation. Explore the innovative motives and impact of this historic lift in our concise video explanation.

California's abandoned Route 39, also known as the San Gabriel Canyon Road, holds a storied past steeped in the state's transportation evolution. Originally envisioned as a vital link between the coastal regions and the San Gabriel Mountains, Route 39 emerged in the 1930s, serving as a scenic route through stunning landscapes. However, due to environmental concerns, financial constraints, and the devastating effects of natural disasters like landslides and floods, portions of the highway were gradually abandoned. This abandonment resulted in its closure and eventual removal from the state highway system. Despite its closure, remnants of this once bustling road remain, invoking a sense of nostalgia and curiosity among adventurous explorers and historians eager to uncover the faded echoes of California's transportation history.

Staten Island's lack of a subway system can be attributed to a complex interplay of historical, geographical, and logistical factors. Unlike other boroughs of New York City, Staten Island's separation by waterways, primarily the Upper New York Bay, creates a significant geographical barrier. The island's population density and development patterns historically differed from the rest of the city, leading to less immediate demand for a subway system. Additionally, the construction of a subway line would involve substantial costs, logistical challenges related to tunneling beneath waterways, and potential disruption to existing infrastructure. Instead, Staten Island primarily relies on an extensive network of buses, ferries, and railways connecting it to the rest of New York City.

Today, we embark on a journey through the forgotten chapters of North Carolina's maritime legacy, exploring the enigmatic tale of the lost Reserve Fleet that once boasted an impressive count of up to 700 ships. These vessels, once stalwarts of naval power and readiness, held anchor along the coast, standing as guardians of the nation's maritime prowess. Each ship in this expansive fleet carried within its sturdy hulls a unique narrative—a story of wartime valor, industrial prowess, and the resilience of the human spirit. However, the passage of time and the tides of change obscured their once-prominent presence, relegating their tales to the annals of history. Join us as we unveil the untold stories and unravel the mystique surrounding North Carolina's illustrious Reserve Fleet, a testament to the enduring spirit of the sea.

The USS Leyte, a formidable Essex-class aircraft carrier, served as a pivotal force during its active years in the mid-20th century. Commissioned in April 1946, this carrier stood as a symbol of American naval prowess. Named after the Battle of Leyte Gulf, it carried on its decks a storied history and participated in various crucial operations, including the Korean War. Its sheer size and capability to launch and recover aircraft made it a formidable asset in naval warfare. The USS Leyte, with its strategic importance and contributions to maritime operations, remains etched in history as a resilient and influential vessel, a testament to the strength and innovation of the United States Navy.

Eastern State Penitentiary, located in Philadelphia, stands as a haunting monument to the evolution of the American penal system. Established in 1829, it pioneered the revolutionary concept of solitary confinement, aiming for inmate rehabilitation through isolation and reflection. Its imposing Gothic architecture, designed to intimidate and induce penitence, housed notorious criminals like Al Capone. Despite its innovative approach, by the mid-20th century, the penitentiary fell into disrepair, closing its doors in 1971. Since then, its crumbling corridors and empty cells have captivated visitors, becoming a historic site that echoes the eerie legacy of its past, shrouded in tales of both reformative ideals and the harsh realities of incarceration.

Unearth Chicago's Lost California Zephyr! Dive into the forgotten legacy of this iconic train route in our latest episode. Join us as we rediscover the allure of vintage rail travel, exploring its history and significance in shaping Chicago's transportation.

O'Block, a neighborhood within Chicago's South Side, holds a complex tapestry of narratives, blending a mix of community resilience, cultural richness, and challenges. Recognized for its significance in hip-hop culture, O'Block gained widespread attention through the music of artists like Chief Keef. However, beyond its musical associations, it's a neighborhood deeply affected by safety issues and socioeconomic disparities, facing struggles and striving for positive change amidst its vibrant community spirit. The area's history, marked by both hardship and cultural dynamism, contributes to its multifaceted identity within the broader context of Chicago's diverse neighborhoods.

Discovering American Heritage Through Tales of Urban Decay.

Discovering American Heritage Through Tales of Urban Decay.

Discovering American Heritage Through Tales of Urban Decay.

Discovering American Heritage Through Tales of Urban Decay.

Discovering American Heritage Through Tales of Urban Decay.

Discovering American Heritage Through Tales of Urban Decay.

Discovering American Heritage Through Tales of Urban Decay.

Discovering American Heritage Through Tales of Urban Decay.

Discovering American Heritage Through Tales of Urban Decay.

Discovering American Heritage Through Tales of Urban Decay.

Discovering American Heritage Through Tales of Urban Decay.

Discovering American Heritage Through Tales of Urban Decay.

Discovering American Heritage Through Tales of Urban Decay.

Discovering American Heritage Through Tales of Urban Decay.

Discovering American Heritage Through Tales of Urban Decay.

Discovering American Heritage Through Tales of Urban Decay.

Discovering American Heritage Through Tales of Urban Decay.

Discovering American Heritage Through Tales of Urban Decay.

Explore the fascinating history of San Francisco, from its prehistoric origins to its role as "The Wall Street of The West." Discover how this iconic city evolved, faced challenges like the Gold Rush and Civil War, and grappled with issues such as the bubonic plague and internment during WW2. Dive into the complex past and present of San Francisco in this engaging video.

Discovering American Heritage Through Tales of Urban Decay.

Discovering American Heritage Through Tales of Urban Decay.

Discovering American Heritage Through Tales of Urban Decay.

Discovering American Heritage Through Tales of Urban Decay.

Discovering American Heritage Through Tales of Urban Decay.

Discovering American Heritage Through Tales of Urban Decay.

Discovering American Heritage Through Tales of Urban Decay.

Discovering American Heritage Through Tales of Urban Decay.

Discovering American Heritage Through Tales of Urban Decay.

Discovering American Heritage Through Tales of Urban Decay.

Discovering American Heritage Through Tales of Urban Decay.

Discovering American Heritage Through Tales of Urban Decay.

When you cruise through some of the biggest cities in the country, there are many structures that populate the skyline, such as skyscrapers, bridges, water towers, or monuments. However, if you were to venture out to the industrial districts, you would see tall yet slender structures spitting smoke into the sky. You might notice these massive industrial cylinders are very similar to the often brick or clay structures connected to a fireplace or stove in your own home, especially if your house is of an older make. But what exactly are these and what purpose do they serve? Smoke stacks and chimneys as they are called, are architectural ventilation designs built to expel gas and smoke high in the air and away from people. Smoke stacks and chimneys have played a vital part in human architecture dating nearly a thousand years but they especially came to prominence on a manufacturing scale during the Industrial Revolution, resulting in several iterations in cities like New York and Chicago.

Discovering American Heritage Through Tales of Urban Decay.

Discovering American Heritage Through Tales of Urban Decay.

Discovering American Heritage Through Tales of Urban Decay.

Today we explore the story of how Sing Sing became one of America's most famous Prisons.

Imperial Courts is a public housing project located in the Watts neighborhood of Los Angeles, California. It gained notoriety as one of the most historically significant housing developments in the city. Constructed in the 1940s, Imperial Courts was one of the first public housing projects in LA.

The Crazy Horse Monument is a monumental sculpture located in the Black Hills of South Dakota, USA. It is an ongoing work-in-progress that aims to depict the famous Oglala Lakota leader, Crazy Horse, riding a horse and pointing into the distance. The sculpture is being carved into Thunderhead Mountain and is designed to be the largest mountain carving in the world once completed. The idea for the Crazy Horse Monument was conceived in the 1930s by Lakota Chief Henry Standing Bear, who wanted to honor Crazy Horse and the Native American culture. The project began in 1948 under the direction of sculptor Korczak Ziolkowski, and since his passing in 1982, his family has continued the work. Unlike Mount Rushmore, which features the faces of four U.S. Presidents, the Crazy Horse Monument focuses on a Native American historical figure. The sculpture is intended to serve as a symbol of the indomitable spirit, bravery, and pride of the Native American people. The project remains a significant undertaking and is funded entirely through private donations and visitor fees. As of my last knowledge update in September 2021, the monument is still a work in progress, and the completion date is uncertain. However, it continues to attract visitors from around the world who come to witness the awe-inspiring creation and learn about the rich history and culture of the Lakota Sioux people.

USS Ling (SS-297) was a Balao-class submarine of the United States Navy. It was named after the ling fish, a type of cod found in the North Atlantic. The submarine was commissioned on June 8, 1945, near the end of World War II. USS Ling saw limited action during the war, arriving in the Pacific theater after the hostilities had ceased. As a result, it did not engage in any combat missions. However, it played a significant role in post-war operations, including serving as a training vessel for naval personnel. After the war, USS Ling continued its service as a training submarine and underwent several modifications over the years to adapt to changing technologies and requirements. Eventually, it became part of the United States Navy Reserve fleet. For many years, USS Ling was moored as a museum ship at the New Jersey Naval Museum in Hackensack, New Jersey. It provided visitors with a glimpse into the history of submarine warfare and the experiences of sailors during World War II. However, due to financial difficulties and the challenges of maintaining an aging vessel, the museum faced closure. As of my last knowledge update in September 2021, there were concerns about the future of USS Ling. It's possible that new developments have occurred since then, so I recommend checking more recent sources for the latest information on the status and fate of this historical submarine.

Discovering American Heritage Through Tales of Urban Decay.

Acoustic mirrors are bizarre, monolith-like structures once used to detect incoming aircraft. Their usefulness was cut short as they were replaced by the radar. Today, we have a look at what remains of the once-vast network.

Today we discover the story of Quester I, the forgotten submarine wreck haunting the shores of Coney Island Creek. This is a classic example of why homemade submarines are such a terrible Idea.

Have you ever wondered why New York City is littered with abandoned piers and silos? Well, these structures go. Back to when the city was one of the most important grain trading centers on earth - and today, we will discover why it all fell apart.

The Larkin Building was an office building in Buffalo, New York, noted for innovations that included central air conditioning, built-in desk furniture, and suspended toilet partitions and bowls. Located at 680 Seneca Street, it was demolished in 1950. Designed in 1903 by Frank Lloyd Wright and built in 1904-1906 for the Larkin Soap Company, the five-story dark-red brick building used a pink-tinted mortar and steel-frame construction. Sculptor Richard Bock provided ornamentation for the building.

Discover the astonishing tale of California's abandoned Chicago Metra Train. Join us as we explore the history of California's forgotten train tracks, uncovering the mysteries behind their existence. From bizarre dormant tracks to the remarkable construction of the San Diego and Arizona Railway, delve into the legends of "The Impossible Railway" and the iconic Goat Canyon Trestle. Learn how the rise of automobiles led to the downfall of California's once-thriving railroads and witness the surprising remnants of the San Diego and Arizona Railway. Embark on a riveting journey through time, unearthing stories that will leave you awestruck. Don't miss this enthralling exploration of forgotten railways.

Join us on a captivating journey through the incredible history of German U-Boats in this thrilling YouTube video. Discover the fascinating story of U-505, one of the most notorious submarines of World War II, from its construction to its significant role in naval warfare. Witness the dramatic downfall of U-505 and learn how Casablanca-class escort carriers effectively countered the U-Boat threat. Experience the intense hunt for U-505 and the nail-biting capture that followed. Uncover why Chicago sought to acquire a German U-Boat and explore the challenges faced in bringing it to the city. Marvel at the extraordinary U-Boat exhibition at the Museum of Science and Industry, where history truly comes alive. Join us as we delve into the remarkable journey of U-505, from its battles at sea to its ultimate place as a symbol of valor and triumph. Subscribe now and hit the notification bell to stay updated on our historical explorations and fascinating stories. Like and share this video to spread the intriguing history of U-505 and its impact on World War II.

In this captivating YouTube video, we explore the intriguing history of New York's train floats. Discover the origins and decline of these unique transportation systems that were essential to the city's rail network. Uncover the purpose and engineering behind train ferries, also known as train floats, which allowed trains to cross bodies of water seamlessly. We delve into the challenges they addressed and the abandoned train float bridges, including Gantry Plaza State Park's bridge, the 69th Street transfer bridge, Governors Island's forgotten trail float transfer bridge, Pier 66's rail float transfer bridge, and the Jersey City Greenville Yard Train Float Transfer Bridge. We also discuss how freight trains currently travel from Brooklyn to Manhattan and visit the last rail float transfer yard, the 65th Street yard. Join us on this exciting journey through the captivating history of New York's train floats!

America's first wireless communication network, known as the Microwave Radio Skyway, launched in the 1950s and transformed our ability to communicate long-distance. Over half a century later, however, technology has advanced to the point that vast amounts of old infrastructure, including hundreds of towers, have simply been abandoned. In today's video, we will look at what remains.

Discovering American Heritage Through Tales of Urban Decay.

Explore the Tillamook Rock Lighthouse's captivating history and perilous allure in this fascinating video. Known as "Terrible Tilly," this abandoned beacon stands tall amidst the unforgiving Oregon coastline, braving treacherous storms and haunting tales. Discover why this iconic structure has earned its reputation as one of the most dangerous lighthouses in the world. Join us as we delve into the captivating stories surrounding Tillamook Rock Lighthouse, unveiling the secrets and mysteries that shroud its eerie existence. Prepare to be enthralled by this legendary landmark's tragic past and breathtaking beauty. Tillamook Rock Light was officially lit on January 21, 1881. At the time, it was the most expensive lighthouse to be built on the West Coast. Due to the erratic weather conditions and the dangerous commute for keepers and suppliers, the lighthouse earned the nickname "Terrible Tilly."

Join us on an exciting journey through the historic Wrigley Field, the crown jewel of baseball in Chicago. In this captivating YouTube video, we dive deep into the rich history, architectural marvels, and unforgettable moments that make Wrigley Field a beloved symbol of the sport. From the ivy-covered outfield walls to the iconic marquee, we'll showcase the stadium's unique charm and share fascinating anecdotes about legendary players, thrilling games, and the passionate fanbase that fills the bleachers. Whether you're a die-hard baseball enthusiast or simply curious about Chicago's sporting heritage, this virtual tour of Wrigley Field is a must-watch!

Today we delve into the fascinating history of Chicago's Lost Moving Walkway from the World's Fair. Join us as we uncover the remnants of this forgotten marvel of engineering that once mesmerized visitors during the 1893 Chicago World's Fair. Discover the incredible technological advancements of the time and the grandeur of this forgotten transportation system.

Step into the twisted past of Coney Island, New York, as we uncover the shocking corruption and fascinating tales that have plagued this legendary amusement hub for centuries. From its early beginnings under Native American control to its rise as a playground for thrill-seekers, this video delves deep into the dark underbelly of Coney Island's history.

Today we explore the #history of Fort Knox, America's most important gold depository and occasional archive of vital historical documents.

Today we discover Chicago's Skyscraper Prison, the Metropolitan Correctional Center, Chicago.

Explore the intriguing story of New York's Lost World Trade Center. From its origins and the demolition of Radio Row to the design, construction, and advanced elevator system, delve into the captivating details. Discover the interior of the original World Trade Center, including its remarkable observation deck, and learn about notable events like the 1975 fire, the tragic 1993 incident, and the infamous 1998 Mafia Heist. Uncover the impact of 9/11 and the fate of the World Trade Center's remains. Witness the inspiring journey of its rebuilding, featuring the iconic One World Trade Center (Freedom Tower). Join us on this captivating exploration of New York's World Trade Center and its enduring legacy.

Step into the captivating world of Chicago's iconic architectural masterpiece, the John Hancock Center, now known as 875 North Michigan Avenue. In this enthralling video, we invite you to join us on a journey through its rich history and enduring legacy.

Discover the intriguing story of New York's Lost Highline in this captivating video. Explore the rich history of railroads in the city, from their inception to the dangers of street-level trains. Witness the transformative removal of street-level tracks and the subsequent downfall of train transportation. Immerse yourself in the activism surrounding New York's High Line, leading to the city's order to demolish it. Experience the remarkable journey of rezoning the High Line as a city park, preserving its legacy for generations to come. Finally, uncover what remains of the High Line in modern-day New York.

Uncover the captivating history of Chicago's baseball legacy in this thrilling documentary. From the forgotten Chicago's Lost White Sox Park to the iconic Comiskey Park, witness the evolution of stadiums and the rise of legendary figures like Charles Comiskey and Bill Veeck. Explore the scandals, triumphs, and unforgettable moments that shaped Comiskey Park's legacy, including the infamous Black Sox Scandal and Disco Demolition Night. Immerse yourself in the grand openings, expansion, and transformation of Comiskey Park, and discover the remnants of the old stadium while embracing the dawn of a new era at Guaranteed Rate Field. This journey through time offers an intimate glimpse into the heart and soul of baseball history in the Windy City.

Join us on a captivating journey as we delve into the mysterious and haunting world of the Old Joliet Prison. Discover the real-life inspiration behind the iconic prison from the hit TV series "Prison Break" and unravel the intriguing story of why Illinois needed to construct this infamous penitentiary. Uncover the harsh realities of the inhumane conditions that plagued Illinois prisons and witness the early attempts to shut down the Old Joliet Prison. Immerse yourself in the shocking account of the Great Rebellion that shook the prison to its core, leaving an indelible mark on its history. Explore the pivotal 1972 decision that ultimately led to the closure of Joliet's prison and learn how the city of Joliet managed the aftermath of its abandoned penitentiary. Delve into the realm of popular media as we delve into the prison's portrayal in movies, TV shows, and other forms of entertainment. Curious to know what lies within the walls of the Old Joliet Prison? Unearth the secrets hidden within its haunting confines and discover the chilling stories of escape attempts that took place throughout its notorious existence. Don't miss this riveting exploration of the Old Joliet Prison, where history, mystery, and intrigue intertwine. Subscribe now and join us on this unforgettable journey into the shadows of one of America's most infamous correctional institutions.

Discover the Hidden Wonders and Fascinating History of the LA River in this captivating video tour. Explore the surprising tales, untold stories, and the near-war sparked by the LA River. Decipher the reasons behind channelizing the river and uncover the hidden consequences. From past to present, understand the state of the LA River today and its Hollywood connection. Witness the efforts of Friends of the LA River in restoring nature's paradise and envision an exciting future for this iconic landmark. Join us on this unforgettable journey!

Discover the fascinating history of Chicago's Union Stockyards, from its early beginnings as a small livestock market to becoming the largest meatpacking center in the world. Learn how Chicago's location as a rail hub played a crucial role in the growth of the meatpacking industry, and how the invention of the refrigerated railcar transformed Chicago into a national meatpacking hub. However, the success of the stockyards came at a cost, as the working conditions and slums surrounding the stockyards were notorious. The video also covers the great fire of 1910 and the downfall of the Union Stockyards. Finally, explore what remains of the historic site today. Don't miss this fascinating look into the history of one of America's most iconic industrial sites.

This video takes you on a journey to explore the unique and iconic Marina City in Chicago. Discover the history and challenges faced by this architectural masterpiece, from its innovative concept and design to its resemblance to corn cobs. Learn about the switch from apartment rentals to luxury condos and the battle for preservation during the 1980s deterioration. Find out what's inside Marina City today and take a look at what it once was, with lost amenities. Join us on this fascinating tour of Marina City and uncover its rich history and significance in Chicago's architectural landscape.

Chicago's Lake Shore Drive is a picturesque roadway that hugs the shoreline of Lake Michigan and offers stunning views of the city's skyline. Originally known as the Outer Drive, this iconic roadway has a rich history dating back to the 1920s. In this video, we'll take a journey through time and explore the development of Lake Shore Drive, from its humble beginnings as a scenic boulevard to its current status as a major transportation artery. Along the way, we'll learn about the engineering feats, political battles, and cultural significance that have shaped this beloved roadway into the landmark it is today. So buckle up and join us for a ride down memory lane on the history of Chicago's Lake Shore Drive.

In this captivating video, we delve into the fascinating story of the lost genius, Nikola Tesla. From his early beginnings to his famous feud with Thomas Edison, we explore the life of this iconic inventor and his incredible inventions that changed the world. At the start of the video, we get a glimpse into the mysterious story of the lost Tesla, which sets the tone for the rest of the video. From there, we take a deep dive into the life and achievements of Nikola Tesla, including his groundbreaking work with the Tesla Coil. We then explore his time at the Colorado Springs lab, where he conducted some of his most important experiments. We also examine the reasons behind Tesla's belief that he had been contacted by aliens. Next, we take a look at Tesla's lost New York lab and the unfortunate events that led to its demise. Finally, we discuss the downfall of Nikola Tesla and how his legacy lives on to this day. Whether you're a fan of history, science, or just love a good mystery, this video is sure to captivate and inspire. So, sit back, relax, and join us on a journey through the incredible life of Nikola Tesla.

Welcome to our video about the Leaning Tower of Niles. In this video, we will take a closer look at one of the most unique and fascinating landmarks in Illinois. We'll start by exploring what the Leaning Tower of Niles is and its significance to the history of Niles, Illinois. You'll learn who built the tower, why it was built, and how it was constructed. Then, we'll delve into the mystery behind the leaning tower phenomenon and compare it to its more famous counterpart, the Leaning Tower of Pisa in Italy. You'll discover what the Leaning Tower of Niles was used for and why it was almost demolished. You'll also learn how the people of Pisa came to the rescue of the tower and saved it from destruction. And we'll tell you the story of how the YMCA sold the tower to the township and how it eventually became a National Historic Landmark. Finally, we'll take you on a virtual tour of the inside of the tower and reveal what's inside this iconic structure.

In this episode, we explore the history of the Detroit-Windsor Tunnel, a remarkable engineering feat that connects the United States and Canada. Built in 1930, the tunnel was a groundbreaking project that overcame significant technical and political challenges to create an important transportation link between two nations. From its inception to the present day, the Detroit-Windsor Tunnel has played a critical role in trade, travel, and cultural exchange, serving as a testament to the ingenuity and cooperation of two nations. Join us as we take a journey through time and discover the fascinating story of this iconic tunnel.

In this episode, we take a journey through the iconic history of Rock 'n Roll McDonald's in Chicago, from its legendary opening to its tragic downfall and ultimate demolition in 2017. We'll explore the 2004 remodeling, witness the grand opening in 2005, and delve into the reasons behind its eventual closure. Along the way, we'll also delve into the fascinating legacy of this unique fast-food establishment and the eccentric musician Wesley Willis's connection to it. Join us for an unforgettable tour of one of America's most famous restaurants.

Looking for a fascinating journey into New Jersey's history and architecture? Look no further than our latest video exploring the High Point Monument! Starting with the basics, we'll delve into the origins of this incredible structure, tracing its roots all the way back to the early days of New Jersey's statehood. From there, we'll explore the monument's construction, taking a close look at the engineering marvels that went into creating this towering masterpiece. Of course, no exploration of the High Point Monument would be complete without a deep dive into its grand opening, a historic moment that still resonates with visitors to this day. We'll also take a closer look at the current state of the monument, including its ongoing preservation efforts and the many challenges that come with maintaining such an iconic structure. But it's not all sunshine and roses when it comes to the High Point Monument. We'll also explore some of the issues that have arisen around the monument, from its problematic location to its temporary closure and eventual reopening. And finally, we'll take a look at what remains of the monument today, offering an up-close and personal view of this truly impressive structure. So whether you're a history buff, an architecture enthusiast, or just someone looking for a great story, join us for an unforgettable journey into the heart of the High Point Monument!

Learn about the tragic story of America's largest domestic oil spill on Newtown Creek, and how it became one of the most polluted waterways in the country. Meet the environmental activist fighting for Newtown Creek's restoration and discover the creek's geologic history and how Native Americans used it for trade and transportation. Explore the early history and colonization of Newtown Creek and how it was transformed into an industrial waterway in the 1800s. Discover the causes and consequences of Newtown Creek's pollution and the impact of the oil industry on the creek's ecosystem. Learn about the vital role Newtown Creek played during World War II and the great fire that ended oil refining at the creek. Find out when New York City discovered the extent of pollution in Newtown Creek and take a tour of the creek's infrastructure, past, and present. Understand the manufacturing of natural gas and its impact on Newtown Creek and why its cleanup efforts seem hopeless. Finally, learn about the state of Newtown Creek today and the challenges and opportunities for restoration. Follow us for more environmental history and news.

Discover the hidden secrets of Hart Island in this informative and fascinating video. From the tragic tale of John Rooney to the hardships faced by prisoners who worked on the island, we uncover the untold history of this unique place. Learn how hurricanes and the 2019 pandemic impacted Hart Island, and explore the inspiring Hard Island Project. Join us as we discover what remains on Hart Island today and delve into the island's fascinating past.

In this video, we take a deep dive into the history and legacy of the Robert Taylor Homes in Chicago, one of the largest public housing projects in the United States. Starting with an introduction to the topic, we explore what the Robert Taylor Homes were and why they were built in the first place. We then look at the man behind the project, Robert Taylor, and his transformative vision for the South Side of Chicago. From there, we examine the construction of the Robert Taylor Homes and take a tour of the interiors to see what life was like for the residents. We also explore the many challenges faced by the residents and why the project ultimately failed. We cover the downfall of the Robert Taylor Homes and what led to their eventual demolition in the late 90s. Throughout the video, we highlight the different decades in which the Robert Taylor Homes existed, with a focus on the 1980s and 1990s. We also touch on the celebrities who grew up in the project and went on to achieve great success. By the end of the episode, viewers will have a comprehensive understanding of the Robert Taylor Homes, their history, and their legacy. They will gain insights into the social, economic, and political factors that shaped public housing in Chicago and the United States as a whole.

Join us on a fascinating journey through the Chicagoland Oasis as we explore the history of rest stops in the region. Starting with an overview of Chicago's history as a transportation hub, we delve into the rest stops on the Erie Canal, the Galena and Chicago Union Railway, and the Illinois and Michigan Canals. We also examine the emergence of rest stops along the Chicago L and the rise of Chicago highways. Moving on to the present, we explore the history of various rest stops along the Illinois State Tollway, including Belvedere Oasis, Dekalb Oasis, Lake Forest Oasis, and Chicago Southland Lincoln Oasis. We also uncover the stories behind the lost Hinsdale Oasis, Des Plaines Oasis, and O'hare Oasis.

This episode explores the hidden secrets within the iconic spires of New York City's skyscrapers. From the Empire State Building to the Chrysler Building, we'll take you on a behind-the-scenes tour of these towering structures and show you what lies within their impressive spires. Discover the history, engineering, and fascinating stories behind some of the most recognizable landmarks in the world in this exciting exploration of the spires of New York City.

Join us on a journey through the fascinating history of Wittner, Alaska. This once-bustling town was founded as a military outpost during World War II and later became a key transportation hub by constructing its rail and highway tunnel. However, as tensions eased and industries shifted, Wittner's fortunes waned, leading to its eventual downfall. Today, only remnants of this once-thriving community remain, but its story lives on as a testament to the boom and bust of Alaska's frontier towns. Explore the military origins of Wittner, the construction of its infrastructure, the buildings that once lined its streets, and what remains of the town today. Don't miss this captivating look at a piece of Alaska's past.

In this gripping video, we take you inside Cook County Jail, known as the most dangerous jail complex in Chicago. With its notorious reputation for violence, overcrowding, and inhumane conditions, Cook County Jail has long been a source of controversy and concern. Through exclusive interviews with former inmates, guards, and criminal justice experts, we explore the harsh realities of life inside this troubled facility. From the rampant gang activity and drug trade to the inadequate healthcare and lack of mental health services, we shed light on the many issues that plague Cook County Jail. Join us on a journey to uncover the shocking truth about Cook County Jail and its impact on the criminal justice system in Chicago. Whether you're interested in the workings of the prison system or the social and political issues that surround it, this video is a must-watch. Don't miss this eye-opening look at one of America's most infamous jails. Hit the play button now and explore Cook County Jail like never before.

Discover the fascinating history of America's Venice Beach in this video. Join us as we explore the life of Abbot Kinney, learn about the snowstorm that led to its creation, and the coin flip that changed Venice Beach forever. Discover the construction of the famous beach, how the canals worked, and why they became a nightmare. Find out what remains of the canals today and join us on a journey to retrace the lost canals under Venice Beach, Los Angeles roads.

Discover the incredible story of Holland Island, the small town lost to the sea in the Chesapeake Bay. In this engaging video, you'll learn about the island's history, its people, and the devastating natural forces that caused it to disappear beneath the waves. Featuring stunning footage and narration, "When Holland Island Disappeared | The Incredible Story of the Town Lost to the Sea" is a must-watch for history and nature enthusiasts alike. Learn about the island's thriving past and heartbreaking end in this search-optimized video that is sure to capture the attention of those interested in history, nature, and the power of the sea.

In this eye-opening video, we delve into the fascinating world of shipbreaking, the process of dismantling old ships and recycling their materials. Starting with the question of where huge ships go to die, we explore the entire process, from how they are brought ashore to be scrapped to the value of the scrap metal they yield. But shipbreaking is not without its challenges, and we also examine the dangers it poses to workers and the environment, including the harm it can cause to local ecosystems. Finally, we look closer at the potential benefits of sustainable recycling and how this industry can help reduce waste and conserve resources. Get ready for a deep dive into this little-known world!

In the early 20th century, Baltimore had an extensive streetcar system that connected neighborhoods and communities throughout the city. However, by the mid-20th century, the streetcars had been phased out in favor of buses and other forms of transportation. Despite their disappearance, the legacy of Baltimore's streetcars still lives on in the memories of those who rode them and in the infrastructure that remains scattered throughout the city. In this video, we explore the forgotten history of Baltimore's streetcar system, from its origins to its decline, and uncover the stories of the people and communities that were impacted by this transportation revolution. Join us on a journey through time and rediscover the lost world of Baltimore's streetcars.

Nakagin Capsule Tower was once a futuristic symbol of Japan's postwar economic boom. Completed in 1972, this unique building consisted of 140 modular capsules that were intended to be replaced every 25 years, giving it a self-renewing design. However, over time, the building's maintenance was neglected, and it fell into disrepair. Despite attempts to preserve it, the tower is now in danger of being demolished, marking the end of an era for this once-iconic piece of Japanese architecture.

Welcome to our deep dive into the history of Rikers Island, the notorious jail complex located in New York City. In this video, we'll explore the origins of Rikers Island as a jail, and how it grew from a small facility into the massive, overcrowded complex it is today. We'll examine the dark side of Rikers Island, including the burning problem of trash heap fires, the infestation of rats, and the devastating impact the jail has had on the surrounding communities, particularly Queens. We'll also highlight some of the heroic acts that have taken place on Rikers Island, including the incredible story of inmates who saved plane crash victims. Throughout the episode, we'll delve into the complex issues of overpopulation, prison reform, and the impact of the criminal justice system on communities of color. Join us for a fascinating and informative journey through the history of Rikers Island. Don't forget to like, share, and subscribe to our channel for more videos like this one.

Navy Pier is one of Chicago's most iconic landmarks, attracting millions of visitors each year. But how did this impressive structure come to be? In this video, we'll take a look at the fascinating history of Navy Pier, from its early days as a shipping and recreation hub to its transformation into the bustling entertainment destination we know today. First built in 1916, Navy Pier was originally known as Municipal Pier and was designed to serve as a docking facility for cargo ships and passenger steamers. Over the years, the pier also served as a military training facility during World War II and as a campus for the University of Illinois at Chicago. In the 1980s, the city of Chicago began a major renovation project to transform Navy Pier into a premier entertainment destination. The renovated pier, which opened in 1995, features a variety of attractions, including the famous 150-foot Ferris wheel, the Chicago Children's Museum, the IMAX theater, and a plethora of restaurants, shops, and entertainment options. Throughout its history, Navy Pier has played an important role in the life of the city of Chicago, serving as a vital transportation hub, a military training facility, and a hub for recreation and entertainment. Today, it continues to be one of the most popular tourist destinations in the city, offering visitors a unique glimpse into the city's history and culture, as well as a wide range of exciting attractions and activities.

Built in the mid-19th century, the Croton Distributing Reservoir was an engineering marvel of its time, designed to provide New York City with a reliable source of clean drinking water. It was a massive structure, capable of holding up to 100 million gallons of water, and its construction required the removal of a significant portion of Murray Hill. As we delve into the history of the reservoir, we'll learn about the challenges faced by the engineers who designed and built it, including the need to transport the massive stone blocks used to construct the reservoir from quarries as far away as New Jersey. We'll also learn about the role the reservoir played in the development of the city, providing water for everything from firefighting to the growth of the city's industries. But the story of the Croton Distributing Reservoir is not just one of engineering and infrastructure. It's also a story of the people who lived and worked in New York City at the time, and how they relied on the reservoir for their survival. From the cholera epidemic that swept through the city in the mid-19th century to the devastating fire that destroyed much of the city's downtown in 1835, we'll explore the ways in which the reservoir played a critical role in the city's history. Today, the Croton Distributing Reservoir is no longer in use, but its legacy lives on. As we explore its history, we'll gain a deeper appreciation for the remarkable engineering feats of the past, as well as the role that critical infrastructure plays in shaping the growth and development of our cities. Join us for a journey back in time to learn about one of New York City's most remarkable landmarks.

Normandy is a picturesque region of northern France known for its rich history, stunning landscapes, and cultural heritage. This video explores the tourist logistics of Normandy, providing valuable information on transportation, accommodations, and must-see attractions. From the charming port town of Honfleur to the iconic D-Day landing beaches, viewers will discover the best ways to navigate the region, where to stay, and what to do. Join us on this virtual journey through Normandy and start planning your next adventure!

Goose Island is a neighborhood located on the north side of Chicago and has a rich history dating back to the late 1800s. It was initially settled by European immigrants and was once an industrial hub known for its breweries and factories. Today, we discover its mysterious history.

Action Park was an amusement park located in Vernon, New Jersey, that operated from 1978 to 1996. The park was known for its dangerous and sometimes deadly attractions, which included a wave pool with unpredictable waves, a ski slope with poorly maintained equipment, and a looping waterslide that often resulted in injuries. Despite these hazards, Action Park continued to attract thrill-seekers from all over the country, becoming a cultural icon of the 1980s. The park's lack of safety measures, combined with inexperienced and untrained staff, led to numerous accidents and several fatalities. Despite the risks, the park remained popular, and its wild reputation only seemed to add to its allure. Despite its dangerous reputation, Action Park has a cult following and is remembered by many as a symbol of an era of fearless, no-holds-barred fun. The park's legacy has been the subject of numerous articles, documentaries, and even a book, and its name is still synonymous with dangerous, unregulated amusement park attractions. While the park may have been infamous for its danger, for those who experienced it, Action Park will always be remembered as a place where anything was possible and the excitement was nonstop.

Fort Proctor is a mysterious and abandoned fort located deep in the heart of Louisiana. Built in 1863, it was a strategic military installation during the Civil War, designed to protect the Mississippi River and the surrounding region from Confederate attacks. But today, the fort lies in ruins, overgrown with vines and surrounded by a thick, impenetrable swamp. As you approach the fort, the first thing you'll notice is the eerie silence that surrounds it. The only sounds are the chirping of crickets and the distant calls of birds. The fort's walls are made of brick and are at least 10 feet high, with a large gate that leads into the main courtyard. The walls are covered in graffiti, and it's clear that the fort has been abandoned for a long time. Once inside, you'll find yourself standing in the main courtyard, a large open space that would have once been used for drilling and training. But now, it's just a barren wasteland, with the only signs of life being the weeds and the moss that have taken over. As you explore the fort, you'll come across several buildings that have been left to rot. The barracks, which would have housed the soldiers, are now just crumbling ruins, with holes in the roof and walls. The hospital, which would have been used to treat the sick and injured soldiers, is now a ghostly shell, with empty rooms and peeling wallpaper. One of the most striking features of the fort is the underground tunnels that run beneath it. These tunnels were used as a means of escape in case of an attack, but now they're dark, damp, and eerie. You'll need a flashlight to navigate them and hear the sound of dripping water and the scurrying of small animals. As you wander through the fort, you'll begin to feel the weight of history pressing down on you. You'll imagine the soldiers who once lived and fought here, and the hardships they must have endured. You'll also think about the fort's role in the Civil War, and how it played a part in shaping the history of the United States. Overall, Fort Proctor is a place that is both eerie and fascinating. It's a testament to a time long gone, and a reminder of the sacrifices that were made for our freedom. If you're ever in Louisiana, it's definitely worth a visit. Just to let you know, once you enter, you may never want to leave.

During World War II, a team of paratroopers embarked on a daring mission to plant a bomb on a church steeple in occupied France. This video tells the incredible story of their bravery and skill as they navigated through enemy territory, facing incredible odds to complete their mission. Through archival footage and expert interviews, we delve into the planning and execution of this high-stakes operation, and the impact it had on the war effort. It's a gripping tale of heroism and sacrifice that will leave you on the edge of your seat.

Ever wonder why San Francisco has bathhouses? Once a thriving getaway for the working-class public filled with countless amenities, the Sutro Baths were monuments of their time— however, today, they sit as crumbling ruins. Today, we discover their incredible history.

The first ejection seats were developed independently during World War II by Heinkel and SAAB. Early models were powered by compressed air and the first aircraft to be fitted with such a system was the Heinkel He 280 prototype jet-engined fighter in 1940.

Special thanks to @WorldWarTwo for making this episode possible and @WW2TV for the amazing tour.

Discovering American Heritage Through Tales of Urban Decay.

Fort Jefferson is a massive but unfinished coastal fortress. It is the largest brick masonry structure in the Americas and is composed of over 16 million bricks. The building covers 16 acres (6.5 ha). Among United States forts, only Fort Monroe in Virginia and Fort Adams in Rhode Island are larger. The fort is located on Garden Key in the lower Florida Keys within the Dry Tortugas National Park, 68 miles (109 km) west of the island of Key West. The Dry Tortugas are part of Monroe County, Florida, United States.

A bascule bridge (also referred to as a drawbridge or a lifting bridge) is a moveable bridge with a counterweight that continuously balances a span, or leaf, throughout its upward swing to provide clearance for boat traffic. It may be single- or double-leafed. The name comes from the French term for balance scale, which employs the same principle. Bascule bridges are the most common type of movable span because they open quickly and require relatively little energy to operate, while providing the possibility for unlimited vertical clearance for marine traffic.

The Willis Tower (originally the Sears Tower) is a 108-story, 1,451-foot (442.3 m) skyscraper in the Loop community area of Chicago in Illinois, United States. Designed by architect Bruce Graham and engineer Fazlur Rahman Khan of Skidmore, Owings & Merrill (SOM), it opened in 1973 as the world's tallest building, a title that it held for nearly 25 years. It is currently the third-tallest building in the Western Hemisphere, as well as the 23rd-tallest in the world. Each year, more than 1.7 million people visit the Skydeck observation deck, the highest in the United States, making it one of Chicago's most popular tourist destinations. The building occupies a site bounded by Franklin Street, Jackson Boulevard, Wacker Drive, and Adams Street. Graham and Khan designed the building as nine square "tubes", clustered in a 3×3 matrix; seven of the tubes set back at upper floors. The tower has 108 stories as counted by standard methods, though the building's owners count the main roof as 109 and the mechanical penthouse roof as 110.The facade is made of anodized aluminum and black glass. The base of the building contains a retail complex known as the Catalog. The lower half of the tower was originally occupied by retail company Sears, which had its headquarters there until 1994, while the upper stories were rented out. The structure was known as the Sears Tower from its construction until the naming rights were included in a 2009 lease with the Willis Group. Local area residents still refer to the building by its old name. As of April 2018, the building's largest tenant is United Airlines, which occupies around 20 floors. Other major tenants include the building's namesake Willis Towers Watson and law firms Schiff Hardin and Seyfarth Shaw. Morgan Stanley became the building's fourth-largest tenant in 2017.

This year, the last four domes of the famed Cape Romano Dome House fell to Hurricane Ian. Though it now sits beneath the waves in its final resting place, it was a self-sufficient marvel in its heyday. Today on It's History, we will discover its story.

Chicago's grain elevators were created for agricultural trade but destroyed by greed; although the city once had over 300 towering structures, nothing remains but the wealth that shaped the city. Join us in discovering this tale of Urban Decay.

Today's video covers the fascinating history of tale Tourism in New York City, tourist traps, and why some visitors may find their trip to the big apple "repulsive". We've all been there; we booked the trip of a lifetime to a Legendary destination, New York City. The type of place we recognize from TV. Yet When you arrive, you're overcome with the nauseating sensation of disappointment; you try to repress the facts; you expected the smell of garbage, terrible traffic, and occasional degenerations, yet something is off. Somehow no one warned you about the obvious, that other tourists, like yourself, pervert everything you thought you'd love about the city. This hasn't always been the case. Mass tourism on such a corporate scale is a relatively new phenomenon. and Spoiler alert, Aside from the money it brings in, it doesn't add much value. But when did this all begin? Today we discover the history of tourism in New York City and how it has eroded the city's culture.

In the late 19th century, the Gillender building was finished. Even though it was regarded as one of the marvels of New York City and was once one of the tallest buildings in the world, now, its former footprint in the city has been consumed by another iconic skyscraper, and all evidence of the Gillender Building is either erased or buried underneath it. So what caused such a great building to be demolished so quickly? Today we discover the rise and fall of the Gillender Building.

Once one of America's largest cities, Detroit was famously both a behemoth in automobile production and the birthplace of Motown. In recent years, however, it has been amid a financial and social decline—but it was not always this way. Today we will discover the rise and fall of Detroit.

The Hoover Dam is a marvel of engineering and a popular tourist destination located on the border between Arizona and Nevada in the United States. Built during the Great Depression in the 1930s, the dam serves as a source of hydroelectric power, flood control, and irrigation for millions of people in the Southwest region. This video explores the history, construction, and significance of the Hoover Dam, providing a comprehensive overview of its design and engineering. It showcases the impressive feat of engineering that the dam represents, with breathtaking aerial views and up-close footage of the dam's massive concrete structure. Viewers will learn about the challenges faced by the engineers who built the dam, including the harsh desert climate, the need for a reliable source of electricity for the growing cities of the West, and the dangers faced by the workers who built it. The video also covers the cultural and historical significance of the Hoover Dam, including its role as a symbol of American ingenuity and a testament to the spirit of cooperation that made its construction possible. Whether you are a history buff, an engineering enthusiast, or simply curious about this impressive structure, this video is a must-see. So, sit back, relax, and join us on a journey to explore the wonders of the Hoover Dam.

The Chicago North Shore and Milwaukee Railroad (reporting mark CNSM), also known as the North Shore Line, was an interurban railroad that operated passenger and freight service over an 88.9-mile (143.1 km) route between the Chicago Loop and downtown Milwaukee, as well as an 8.6-mile (13.8 km) branch line between the villages of Lake Bluff and Mundelein, Illinois. The North Shore Line also provided streetcar, city bus, and motor coach services along its interurban route. Extensively improved under the one-time owner of Samuel Insull, the North Shore Line was notable for its high operating speeds and substantial physical plant, as well as innovative services such as its pioneering "ferry truck" operations and its streamlined Electroliner trainsets. Author and railroad historian William D. Middleton described the North Shore Line as a "super interurban"56  and opined that its cessation of rail service marked the end of the "interurban era" in the United States. Since 1964, the Yellow Line of the Chicago Transit Authority (CTA) has operated over a short segment of the former main line from Chicago to Skokie, Illinois. Operating examples of North Shore Line rolling stock have been preserved in railroad museums, and the former Dempster Street Station is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

The Free City of Danzig (German: Freie Stadt Danzig; Polish: Wolne Miasto Gdańsk; Kashubian: Wòlny Gard Gduńsk) was a city-state under the protection of the League of Nations between 1920 and 1939, consisting of the Baltic Sea port of Danzig (now Gdańsk, Poland) and nearly 200 other small localities in the surrounding areas. Today we discover what remains of the lost nations border marker.

Did you know that Chicago has a massive building with its own zip code? That's right, and in 1930, the Merchandise mart opened its doors to the world as the largest building in the world. The 4 million square foot area served such a large influx of visitors daily that it required its own L stop and connection to Chicago's now abandoned 60 miles of underground freight tunnel. Perhaps what mystifies me most is that Merchandise Mart was built above a massive train yard and that, for many decades, sub-terrain freight train delivery was possible in the heart of Chicago. This near-century-old art deco masterpiece still stands on the bank of the Chicago river and serves around 20,000 people daily in modern times.

In Tuckerton, NJ, a massive cement monolith sits out of place, and upon closer inspection, out of time. You see, this gigantic block was once the base of the tallest structure in North America and the second tallest in the world after the Eiffel Tower. Built in 1912, the Tuckerton tower stood at 825 feet and was the first and most potent transatlantic broadcasting tower ever, but here's the twist, although it was on US soil, it was entirely built by and belonged to Germany.

In early colonial times, letter writers sent their correspondence to friends, merchants, and Native Americans via foot or horseback. Most of this correspondence, however, was between the colonists and family members back home in England. In 1633, the first official notice of postal service in the colonies appeared. At the heart of the "mailing industry" is the U.S. Postal Service, which has been active for over two centuries. An explosion of mail in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century drove post offices and large-volume mailers to work together to handle mail more efficiently.

Immigration is not a new phenomenon. Ellis Island has been the port of entry for many people coming to the US, and sometimes immigrants would be separated from their loved ones during the process. This separation could be for several reasons: some people were considered contagious, some had evidence of communicable diseases, and sometimes families were just separated for administrative purposes. This episode will show you what happened when families were split up and how it impacted those who lived through these difficult moments.

As a building with a history as odd as it is tragic, the Cliff House is by far one of San Francisco's most iconic historical sites. Today on It's History, we will uncover this history and one of its strangest and most dangerous accidents. The Cliff House is a neo-classical style building perched on the headland above the cliffs just north of Ocean Beach in the Outer Richmond neighborhood of San Francisco, California. The building overlooks the site of the Sutro Baths ruins, Seal Rocks, and is part of the Golden Gate National Recreation Area, operated by the National Park Service (NPS). The NPS owns the Cliff House; the building's terrace hosts a room-sized camera obscura. For most of the Cliff House's history, since 1863, the building's main draw has been restaurants and bars where patrons could enjoy the Pacific Ocean views. Since 1977, these restaurants and bars have been run by a private operator under contract with the National Park Service. In December 2020, the 47-year operator of these amenities announced that it was closing, and it criticized the NPS for not having signed a new long-term lease with any operator since its own prior 20-year lease had expired in June 2018.] Dozens of ships have run aground on the southern shore of the Golden Gate below the Cliff House.

Wacker Drive is a major multilevel street in Chicago, Illinois, running along the south side of the main branch and the east side of the south branch of the Chicago River in the Loop.[2] The vast majority of the street is double-decked; the upper level is intended for local traffic, and the lower level for through traffic and trucks serving buildings on the road (and originally a dock). It is sometimes cited as a precursor to the modern freeway, though when it was built the idea was that pleasure vehicles would use the upper level. It is the only street in the city that is prefixed with all four cardinal directions, albeit on different parts of its route.[a] The drive is named for early 20th century Chicago businessman and city planner Charles H. Wacker. The upper level is normally known as Upper Wacker Drive, and the lower level is Lower Wacker Drive. A short part has a third level, sometimes called Lower Lower Wacker Drive[3] or Sub Lower Wacker Drive.

The Devonport Royal Dockyard currently houses thirteen nuclear-powered submarines—many of which still have their nuclear cores intact. Today on It's History, we will discover this incredible dockyard, as well as the dangers that come along with its preservation.

The Hell Gate Bridge, originally the New York Connecting Railroad Bridge[2] or the East River Arch Bridge, is a 1,017-foot (310 m) steel through arch railroad bridge in New York City. Originally built for four tracks, the bridge currently carries two tracks of Amtrak's Northeast Corridor and one freight track across the Hell Gate, a strait of the East River, between Astoria in Queens and Randalls and Wards Islands in Manhattan. The arch across the Hell Gate is the largest of three bridges that form the Hell Gate railroad viaduct. An inverted bowstring truss bridge with four 300-foot (91.4 m) spans crosses the Little Hell Gate, a former strait that is now filled in, and a 350-foot (106.7 m) fixed truss bridge crosses the Bronx Kill, a strait now narrowed by fill. Together with approaches, the bridges are more than 17,000 feet (3.2 mi; 5.2 km) long.[4] The designs of the Tyne Bridge in Newcastle, England, and the Sydney Harbour Bridge in New South Wales, Australia, were derived from the Hell Gate Bridge.[5]

The 1964-1965 New York World's Fair was a world's fair that held over 140 pavilions and 110 restaurants, representing 80 nations (hosted by 37), 24 US states, and over 45 corporations with the goal and the final result of building exhibits or attractions at Flushing Meadows-Corona Park in Queens, New York City.[1][2][3] The immense fair covered 646 acres (2.61 km2) on half the park, with numerous pools or fountains, and an amusement park with rides near the lake. However, the fair did not receive official support or approval from the Bureau of International Expositions (BIE). Hailing itself as a "universal and international" exposition, the fair's theme was "Peace Through Understanding", dedicated to "Man's Achievement on a Shrinking Globe in an Expanding Universe". American companies dominated the exposition as exhibitors. The theme was symbolized by a 12-story-high, stainless-steel model of the Earth called the Unisphere, built on the foundation of the Perisphere from the 1939 World's Fair.[4] The fair ran for two six-month seasons, April 22 - October 18, 1964, and April 21 - October 17, 1965. Admission price for adults (13 and older) was $2.00 in 1964 (equivalent to $17.47 in 2021 after calculating for inflation). Admission in 1965 increased to $2.50 (equivalent to $21.5 in 2021 after calculating for inflation). In both years, children (2-12) admission cost $1.00 (equivalent to $8.74 in 2021 after calculating for inflation).[5] The fair is noted as a showcase of mid-twentieth-century American culture and technology. The nascent Space Age, with its vista of promise, was well represented. More than 51 million people attended the fair, though fewer than the hoped-for 70 million. It remains a touchstone for many American Baby Boomers who visited the optimistic exposition as children, before the turbulent years of the Vietnam War and many to be forthcoming cultural changes. In many ways the fair symbolized a grand consumer show, covering many products then-produced in America for transportation, living, and consumer electronic needs in a way that would never be repeated at future world's fairs in North America. American manufacturers of pens, chemicals, computers, and automobiles had a major presence.[2][1] This fair gave many attendees their first interaction with computer equipment. Corporations demonstrated the use of mainframe computers, computer terminals with keyboards and CRT displays, teletype machines, punch cards, and telephone modems in an era when computer equipment was kept in back offices away from the public, decades before the Internet and home computers were at everyone's disposal.

In this video, I'll go through the history of the Liberty Ship. You'll learn about how the United States government commissioned shipbuilders to construct a mass-produced cargo ship in 1941 that would help with shipping and logistics during WWII. You'll also learn about some of the major events in Liberty Ship history, what other types of ships were developed alongside it, and how it eventually played an important role.

Origins of the Parkway can be traced back to 1946 and '47 when construction began on the road designed to connect the bustling metropolis of North Jersey with the much more relaxing lifestyle along the Jersey Shore down to Cape May. Originally named the Route 4 Parkway or Route 444 because it was designed to bypass State Route 4, which ran up and down the shore, the first 11 miles of the Parkway, between mile markers 129 and 140, opened in 1950. From then on, the highway continued to grow and is arguably responsible for much of the development that we see today that's up and down the coastline of New Jersey. Today we will discuss The Garden State Parkway. I'm your host Ryan Socash, and you're watching "it's history."

Alcatraz is most known for housing incredibly dangerous convicts, as well as its history of prison break attempts. But did you know that there is a largely undisturbed system of tunnels just beneath the surface? Today on It's History, we will discover their story.

The British-made Horsa gliders are by far one of the most notable gliders used in World War II; being key parts of the storming of Normandy and Operation Tonga. However, pilots experienced many different dangers well before they even entered enemy territory—today on It's History, we will discover them. Special thanks to @TimeGhost and the @WorldWarTwo channel for inviting me to be a part of their D-Day Special. Look out for it next year!

The neighborhood we know today as Pullman was the first industrial planned community in the U.S., explicitly built for the Pullman Palace Car Company employees. George Pullman set out to create a utopia society in Chicago. He wanted the community to attract and retain the most talented workers available and hope to do so by providing such a high standard of living that workers would be happy, productive, and less likely to strike. Pullman is one of Chicago's 77 defined community areas and is a neighborhood located on the city's South side, Twelve miles from the Chicago Loop. Situated adjacent to Lake Calumet, the Pullman district has many historic and architecturally significant buildings.. some of which have seen better times. So join me, as we discover the Rise and Fall of Chicago's Pullman District. Named after George Pullman, the company that built it and owned it for most of its existence, the Pullman district was a planned industrial community for workers. It was the birthplace of the Pullman car, which transformed American travel. The district contained the world's largest office building at one time. But in 1893, when workers went on strike to protest wage cuts, Pullman officials turned out the lights at night while scabs brought in from outside broke the strike.

A graveyard of steam trains, abandoned against the stark backdrop of the salt flats. Their cars sit scattered about like a set of forgotten children's toys in the Bolivian desert, all left to quietly rust away. This is a real place, and these trains sit abandoned, yet not forgotten—they stand today as remnants of a time long past, carrying precious materials out to the Pacific Ports. So what could have led to this massive graveyard of trains? Well, it's a complicated story.

Behind every majestic monument is a story or cause sought to be immortalized. But once their catalysts are forgotten, the once revered structures fall into ruin. Such is the fate of many Soviet Era buildings like the fascinating Buzludzha Monument, which sits on the peak it was named after in central Bulgaria. Known as "Bulgaria's UFO," the Buzludzha Monument hides in the Balkans as the former Bulgarian Communist Party Headquarters and has become one of the most unusual spots in the country. Today we will discuss this remarkable monument. I'm your host Ryan Socash, and you're watching it's history.

In popular culture, Paris is often seen as one of the most beautiful, romantic and highly visited cities in the world. Upon being a colossal city with over 2.2 million residents, Paris is also one of the most popular tourist attractions for people all across the globe. Being the capital of France, this city also plays an integral part to French history and culture. But did you know that the city possesses a rather sinister, or at least creepy story just below its streets? About 20 meters, or 66 feet, underground, there exists a mass grave containing the bones of millions upon millions of dead Parisians in a massive network of tunnels called the Paris Catacombs. Simply laying eyes on this spot is enough to see its awe-inspiring nature. From walls lined with thousands of skulls to arches made of femurs and ribs, the Catacombs or Ossuaries as they are sometimes called, were built as a solution to overcrowded graves in central Paris. But over the years it has become a tourist attraction as well as an important historical site due to its mystical aura and the long past behind its creation. As a result, the Paris Catacombs has become a cultural icon and even the subject of tall tales and ghost stories. But what is the full story behind these catacombs? Why were they created and how did they become such a popular site-seeing location?

Texas is one of the most prominent and powerful states in the United States of America today, but did you know that it once was an independent nation? Interestingly enough, Texas's path to American statehood is a journey filled with enriching history that saw the territory switch nationality a grand total of six times over the course of just four decades. The independent Republic of Texas existed from 1836 to 1846 and the influence of this era can still be felt today among the Texan population who have a culture based on self-sufficiency and self-perseverance. One indicator of the state's autonomous past can be seen in the remnants of several Texan embassies across the world. In order to build more international support and recognition, the new nation constructed three embassies and legations with one in Washington DC, another in Paris and the most prominent being the London embassy. But what happened to the Texan embassies and what remains of them?

When Gustave Eiffel's company built Paris' most recognizable monument for the 1889 World's Fair, many regarded the massive iron structure with skepticism. Today, the Eiffel Tower, which continues to serve an important role in television and radio broadcasts, is considered an architectural wonder and attracts more visitors than any other paid tourist attraction worldwide. More than 7 million people visit this iconic tower every year. Since the tower's 1889 opening, 250 million people worldwide have enjoyed all the Eiffel Tower offers. And it has a lot to offer. The tower's three platforms are home to two restaurants, several buffets, a banquet hall, a champagne bar, and many unique gift shops. Educational tours of the tower are available for children and tourist groups. But one spot has fascinated many—the "secret" apartment. Why is there an apartment at the top of the Eiffel Tower? Is there a secret apartment at the top of the Eiffel Tower? Who lives in the secret apartment in the Eiffel Tower? Is there a secret on Eiffel Tower? Why Photos of the Eiffel Tower at Night are Illegal

Arizona is one of the most unique states in the US and it contains many notable tourist attractions from the Grand Canyon to the Tucson Airplane Boneyard. But did you know that Arizona is now also the home of the famous London Bridge? Yes, the legendary bridge that is immortalized through nursery rhymes, built in the mid-1800s and used to cross the River Thames in England's capital over 5,400 miles away past the Continental United States and the Atlantic Ocean, now resides in the Mojave Desert at Lake Havasu. But how did the London Bridge end up in the American Southwest? The story behind this old bridge is one that is both strange and fascinating, and also one that involves many other factors such as the effect of automobiles on architecture, eccentric billionaires, ghost stories and even small towns that were built into cities from the ground up. So without further ado, let's dive into the history of how London Bridge ended up in Arizona.

Hoboken was originally an island, surrounded by the Hudson River on the east and tidal lands at the foot of the New Jersey Palisades on the west. It was a seasonal campsite in the territory of Hackensack, a land of the Lenni-Lenape, who used the serpentine rock found there to carve pipes. Hoboken lies on the west bank of the Hudson River between Weehawken and Union City on the north and Jersey City's "county seat" on the south and west. Directly across the Hudson River are the Manhattan, New York City neighborhoods of West Village and Chelsea. The city of Hoboken had a total area of 2.011 square miles, of which 1.275 square miles of it is land and 0.736 square miles of it is water. Hoboken has had its ups and downs and is rich in history. Today we will discuss the rise and fall of Hoboken.

The "Ghost Fleet" of Mallows Bay is a reference to the hundreds of ships whose remains still rest in its relatively shallow waters. It is the largest collection of wrecks in the Western hemisphere, 230 United States Shipping Board Merchant Fleet Corporation ships sunk in the river. It is without a doubt that the US is the strongest military power in the world, possessing the most extensive and advanced Armed Forces by some distance. As new military technologies are developed every day and the landscape of modern warfare seemingly changing faster than most are able to keep up with, it is a perfectly reasonable question to wonder what happens to the older military hardware that is now obsolete. As we have looked at on this channel before, old planes are often sent to Aircraft Maintenance facilities to be scrapped or kept in storage with the Tucson Boneyard being a good example of this. But what happens to the warships that are no longer needed? Well, there are numerous paths that an outdated ship can follow, but one popular destination for ships that the US Navy has no immediate use for is the Mallows Bay in the Potomac River. Here, there are hundreds of vessels laying dormant in the water waiting to be scrapped or sunk. This is commonly known as the Ghost Fleet of the Mallows. But just like each ship that is stored here, there exists an interesting and extensive history of this location that deserves to be explored.

Since 1939, a flooded bell tower near the small Russian town of Kalyazin has played the role of the nautical marker, an artificial island in an artificial lake, swim area, and tourist draw. While still, a solid structure visited by tourists and occasionally hosts Orthodox Christian ceremonies, the tower is the last remnant of a monastery hundreds of years old, abruptly erased by the rise of Josef Stalin's USSR. Today we will discuss the Monasteries that existed before the bell tower, the tower itself, and what exists today.

The Eisenhower Memorial Tunnel, about 60 miles west of Denver on Interstate 70, sits at 11,013 feet at the East Portal and 11,158 feet at the West Portal. The Tunnel traverses through the Continental Divide at an average elevation of 11,112 feet. When initially opened in the 1970s, the tunnel was not only the highest vehicular tunnel in the U.S., but it was also the highest in the world at that time. The facility lies entirely within the Arapaho National Forest and is divided by two counties, Clear Creek County at the East Portal and Summit county at the West Portal. The Tunnel and the Continental Divide also separate two watersheds, the Clear Creek Watershed on the east and the Straight Creek Watershed on the west.

Have you ever wondered what is behind the TV screens in time square? One Times Square, also known as the "Crossroads of the World", is a major intersection and neighborhood in Midtown Manhattan, New York City. It is located at the junction of Broadway and Seventh Avenue, and is the site of the annual New Year's Eve ball drop, which attracts over a million spectators each year. The area surrounding Times Square has been home to some of the city's most iconic landmarks and attractions, including the Broadway theaters, hotels, and restaurants. In this video, we'll take a look at the history of One Times Square and how it has become one of the most popular tourist destinations in the world.

World War II was the largest and most devastating conflict in human history, causing untold destruction all across the world as well as massive political and cultural change. To this day there are many markers, remnants or reminders of this devastating war in countries across the world. One need not go that far off the coast of England in order to see what World War II has left behind in the UK. For example, there exists many sea forts, called the Maunsell Sea Forts, which were built to defend British sovereignty against the relentless German bombings throughout the early 1940s. And while the Sea Forts accomplished their goal, proving to be a valuable defense against German planes, their story extends far beyond WWII and even their military service, as after the war these forts became the sites for pirate radio stations, planned explosions and even an independent nation. Follow the link to download the game and get your exclusive bonus now. See you in battle! The Maunsell Forts are armed towers built in the Thames and Mersey estuaries during the Second World War to help defend the United Kingdom. They were operated as army and navy forts, and named after their designer, Guy Maunsell.[1] The forts were decommissioned in the late 1950s and later used for other activities including pirate radio broadcasting. One of the forts is managed by the unrecognised Principality of Sealand;[2] boats visit the remaining forts occasionally, and a consortium called Project Redsands is planning to conserve the fort situated at Red Sands.

The Mason Dixon line is the product of a famous border dispute. although it does not extend west of the Ohio River, The Mason Dixon Line is a disagreement between Maryland, Pennsylvania, Delaware, and Virginia, which resulted in the political and social divide between the North and the South. Created in 1767, this dispute occurred from conflicting claims to the territory starting at the Delaware River westward.

The Casa Grande Domes in Arizona are some of the most unique and interesting structures in the state. But why were they abandoned? In this video, we'll take a look at the history of the Casa Grande Domes and explore the possible reasons for their abandonment. We'll also take a tour of the domes and see what they look like today.

A tunnel between Brooklyn and the Battery in Lower Manhattan was one of several traffic-relief projects in the late 1930s conceived by Mayor Fiorello H. La Guardia to remedy vehicular congestion on New York City's existing thoroughfares. Extending just over 9,000 feet, the tunnel is the longest continuous underwater road in North America. Upon its construction, it has been featured in popular movies, served an essential purpose in one of the city's darkest days, and was even the cause of some destruction. This New York City tunnel has been a part of many historic moments.

Every single country in the world has their own national monuments, memorials and sites which the people and the culture hold in high regard. The United States of America, being the large and powerful nation that it is today, is of course, no different. Whether it be the Washington Monument, the Statue of Liberty or the White House, the US has no shortage of national symbols. However, one particular monument that is truly iconic and absolutely stunning from an artistic point of view is Mount Rushmore, a massive collection of 60-foot-tall sculptures carved into the Southeastern side of South Dakota Black Hills Mountains featuring the likeness of four of this country's most influential presidents throughout our history. This site is one of the most visited tourist attractions in the US and has been an important emblem of American history and culture ever since its completion. But what is the history behind the construction of Mount Rushmore and more curiously, why were these four presidents, and only these ones, chosen to be recreated into granite?

Governors Island is a small island off the southern tip of Manhattan in New York City. The island has a long and varied history, dating back to the 1600s when it was first used as a Dutch colonial settlement. In the centuries that followed, the island changed hands numerous times, serving as a military base, a quarantine station, and even a dumping ground for trash. In 1996, the island was finally turned over to the people of New York City and has since been redeveloped into a beautiful public park. In this video, we'll take a look at the history of Governors Island and how it came to be the place it is today.

Cabrini-Green, the public housing complex once infamous nationwide as a symbol of crime and urban blight, has been slowly demolished over the past two decades. African American residents were scattered around the city, replaced by new retail and sleek condos for wealthier taxpayers. At one time, the crime-ridden complex was home to 15,000 people. The Neighborhood was near the North Community Area. Formerly "Swede Town" or "Little Sicily" and then "Little Hell," the site of the Cabrini-Green public housing complex was notorious in the early twentieth century for its inhabitants' poverty and dilapidated buildings.

The Queens-Midtown Tunnel was first planned in 1921, though the plans for the tunnel were modified over the following years. By the 1930s, the tunnel was being proposed as the Triborough Tunnel, connecting Queens and Brooklyn with Manhattan's east and west sides. Find out when was the Queens Midtown Tunnel built? How was the Queens Midtown Tunnel built? Why does the Queens Midtown Tunnel have doors? Does the Midtown Tunnel flood?

To many around the world and even many Americans themselves, the stereotypical caricature of this country is the Cowboy Culture or the Wild West. These illustrations have been immortalized in many forms of popular media such as film, television, music, books and tall tales. And while the era of the American Wild West has been glorified and glamorized in the past century since it largely came to a close, it definitely does have roots in many truths. In fact, there are many towns and cities across the American Southwest with a history embodying what this era meant. The city of Tombstone, Arizona is a shining example of one of these. Starting off as a small mining town, Tombstone exponentially grew over the years into one of the busiest cities in the region, becoming the site of numerous heroes, villains, gun battles, silver mines, poker rooms, theaters, technological innovation and economic hardship. While the city no longer looks the way it did in the late 1800s, the history of Tombstone's role in a long-gone yet emblematic era of American history still remains.

For many people, driving across bridges is a frightening task. But can you imagine driving over a bridge going across a lake that is so long that you can no longer see land on either side of you? Or where the fog gets so thick that it's nearly impossible to see the car in front of you? Well, you don't have to only imagine it as a bridge like this exists in real life with the Lake Pontchartrain Causeway in Louisiana. However, this famous bridge in the American South is not only known for being such a thrilling ride to cross, but it also plays a vital role in the city of New Orleans community as well as having a deep and illustrious history featuring many technological innovations that were created in order to resolve many obstacles in a story of adaptation and achievement. As it still stands today, the Lake Pontchartrain Causeway is also an engineering marvel, breaking many records and barriers. But what exactly is the Lake Pontchartrain Causeway, why is it so scary and how did it become such an integral part of New Orleans?

Cog railways have been constructed in mountainous areas or mining operations. Cog railways, also called rack railways, were built to climb mountains using a unique toothed rack rail. The Mount Washington Cog Railway in New Hampshire was the first use of this technology in the United States. There are also currently about 50 rack railways throughout the world. The Mount Washington Railway Company or, more familiarly, the Cog Railway, or simply "the Cog," was chartered by the New Hampshire State Legislature in 1858. Thankfully these railroads are now historical landmarks.

Hawaii is an incredibly unique state within the USA. But Hawaii's place in American history and society often has to do with their geographical location as an archipelago at the halfway point of the Pacific Ocean between the United States and Southeast Asia. Inevitably, Hawaii usually finds themselves as an integral part of American Naval History. There are many physical or cultural markers of American Naval History in Hawaii such as prominent naval bases, the thousands of American sailors who live in the state, or even famous events like the Japanese Attack on Pearl Harbor which led to the American entry into World War II. One particular indication of the intertwined American-Hawaiian Naval History and culture, which also relates to Pearl Harbor are actually the sunken battleships from that attack, which still reside under Hawaii's waters. During the assault, many American vessels were sunk or damaged including several battleships, many of these ships were able to be repaired and actually went on to serve in the subsequent war but two famous battleships, the USS Arizona and the USS Oklahoma had a much more unfortunate fate and today, both battleships are both submerged deep underwater off the coast of Hawaii. However, each ship has an important story to tell, featuring heartbreak as well as brave heroism, national tragedy but also national triumph and unification. So if that sounds interesting, let's dive deep into Hawaii's waters to explore the history of the famous battleships that still lie there to this day.

Coal breakers were the machines that broke big chunks of coal into smaller pieces. The coal breaker was the heart of the coal mine. Coal breakers were loud and dirty, and they often needed a lot of maintenance. But without them, the mine would've been useless - even so, they were a horrific place to work.

The Staten Island Boat Graveyard, located at 2453 Arthur Kill Road in Rossville, was built in the 1930s and went by several different names, such as the Witte Marine Scrap Yard, Arthur Kill Boat Yard, and Tugboat graveyard. Now it's officially known as the Donjon Iron and Metal Scrap Processing Facility. The Boat Graveyard was once home to as many as 400 vessels. Today, the number has been estimated to be between 25 to 40 decaying ships. The scrapyard is known for its large assortment of obsolete steam tugs, ferries, car floats, and other crafts that have a comprehensive history.

It is without a doubt that the United States of America, in this current day and age, has the largest, most advanced and most powerful military on the planet. But given that the US is constantly developing new aircraft to full specific roles, making older aircraft obsolete, what happens to these old planes? Once a particular type of plane is no longer needed as a newer and more advanced model has come to take its place, where do the old ones go? Across the country, there are locations known as airplane graveyards where these aircraft go to be either scrapped, sold, maintained or just kept dormant. However, the most famous and the largest of these complexes is the Airplane Graveyard at the Davis-Monthan Base in Tucson, Arizona, which is commonly known as the Boneyard. At this location, there are thousands of planes stationed here, with many of them at their final resting place. The Tucson Boneyard is also a massive tourist attraction and even a pop culture icon, featuring in several popular movies such as Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen and Can't Buy Me Love, both of which were filmed on location. But how did the Tucson Boneyard become so crucial to American aircraft disposal and what types of planes have been stored here in the past or there currently?

The Space Needle is a 605-foot-tall observation tower that has been a landmark tourist attraction in Seattle, welcoming more than 60 million visitors since it opened on April 21, 1962. It cost 4.5 million to build and precisely 400 days to construct. The Space Needle is a modernistic totem of the Seattle World's Fair. Edward "Eddie" Carlson saw the potential of a Space Age tower as a symbol for the fair and the Seattle skyline. in 1999, the Seattle Landmarks Preservation Board approved the designation of the Space Needle as a "historic landmark." The assignment was made official on April 19th by the Seattle City Council.

The Portland Underground, commonly called the "Shanghai Tunnels," was a series of bar and hotel basements linked to each other and the Willamette River docks by an intricate system of tunnels under the city streets. "Shanghaiing" refers to the capture and sale of able-bodied men to ship captains needing extra crew. Victims were drugged with opiates, kidnapped while intoxicated, or knocked unconscious. Oral tradition has kept the history of the Portland Underground alive. Today, 150 years after Shanghaiing began you can still view the secrets of the past by visiting the tunnels.

U.S. Route 66, also known as the Will Rogers Highway, was one of the original highways constructed by the U.S. Highway System in 1926. Route 66 is over 90 years old and definitely, a road less traveled. There are plenty of weird attractions to be seen along this iconic road that starts in Chicago and ends in Los Angeles. While much of Route 66 has disappeared following its decommissioning as a major American highway in 1985, there remains plenty of evidence to be seen and cherished by historical and pop-cultural lovers. Large chunks of Route 66-related memorabilia have been preserved at the Route 66 Association Hall of Fame and Museum.

With a naval tradition as old as the nation itself, the United States Navy has a very storied history. And for many vessels, the end of their journey lies in the Naval Inactive Ship Maintenance Facilities, located all across the country. One of these facilities, located in Bremerton, Washington, has several storied ships that we will explore today.

Compared to other cities in the United States, New York City is often said to have the best drinking water in the country in terms of its cleanliness, pH level and even its taste. But this high quality of water is not easy to come by, and New Yorkers only have this luxury due to a complex and intricate water supply system that pulls in water from the surrounding upstate areas. Run by the New York City Board of Water Supply, the entire system involves three massive aqueducts, three main tunnels, three controlled lakes, over 20 reservoirs and various other structures such as smaller aqueducts, waterways and treatment plants. Overall, it is an obvious marvel of engineering achievement, but unbeknownst to most, the six major reservoirs that were created in the 20th century came at a heavy price. The land which was required to build these reservoirs was already inhabited but numerous albeit, sparsely populated, farm towns in the upstate area. But the need for water in New York City seemed to outweigh the opinions of a few small farming communities and so these towns were relocated. Now, the land is completely underwater at the bottom of each of these reservoirs. But what remains of these flooded towns and how exactly did this area go from being small rural towns into a vast body of water?

When the 4th of July rolls around each year, the first images that probably come to mind are barbeques in your backyard, everything themed in the colors of red, white and blue, American flags everywhere and loud fireworks blasting off once the sun sets. But while you're participating in one of those hotdog-eating contests or watching a patriotic war movie, have you ever wondered why we Americans celebrate this day and hold it in such high regard?

The 4th of July, or Independence Day, is one of many American Federal Holidays. But even still, Independence Day is far more widely known, more celebrated and frankly, more important than all these other days to most Americans. And the reason for this is because of what this holiday represents for this entire country. The reason for celebration was the passage of the Declaration of Independence way back on July 4th, 1776 which not only officially created the United States of America as a sovereign nation, but it also laid out many of the values by which this new country would be built upon. Without the 4th of July, those other holidays simply wouldn't exist. However, there is much more to the story than that, and in order to fully understand the significance of Independence Day as well as what led to it becoming the holiday that it is today, one must dive deep into the illustrious history which surrounds this American day of festivity.

The Florida Keys have the Seven Mile Bridge, a part of the 110-mile long Ocean Highway that connects the remote Keys to the mainland. On this drive, you will travel over a truly incredible feat of engineering that, at one point, was the longest continuous concrete bridge in the world. This Bridge has been through a lot. The original bridge, or what the locals like to call the "Old Seven," consisted of precast concrete and steel girders that enabled it to be constructed within marshland and the sea. However, a series of hurricanes, storms, and saltwater led to its destruction, thus necessitating certain repairs. For this reason, a new and modern bridge had to be constructed to weather the previous engineering faults and meet the increasing vehicular needs of the Keys. Its construction was described as an engineering milestone that has encouraged bridge-building.

When you go to the checkout line at a grocery store or when it is time to pay the bill after eating dinner at a restaurant, payment is as simple as handing over your credit card to the cashier or waitress, and with a quick swipe or scan, your debt is paid, and you are on your way. You don't even need to carry physical paper money as that tiny plastic card is connected to your bank account where you can see your total amount as well as all your transactions at your fingertips on your smartphone. Credit Cards are extremely common in the United States today, in fact, about 79% of Americans have one. But how did we get here? Where did the idea of a credit card come from and what led to its creation? The history and background behind credit cards is actually a long and interesting history that dates all the way back to the earliest forms of trade in human history and the creation of the concept of credit. It is safe to say that credit cards have come a long way before becoming the convenient daily items that they are today. So if that sounds interesting, let us dive deep into the eventual history of the credit card.

Ships have been an integral part of humanity forever. Even very primitive tribes use boats and canoes. There are many kinds of these vessels to imagine wooden, aluminum, and steel. Even concrete ships floated around the world. The wreck of one called the SS Atlantus can be spotted in Cape May, New Jersey. The SS Atlantus is probably the most famous concrete ship. She was built by the Liberty Ship Building Company in Georgia and was the second concrete ship constructed in the World War I Emergency Fleet. SS Atlantus was a 260 feet long cargo ship powered by a steam engine. SS Atlantus could swim at speeds up to 10.5 knots, about 12 mph. The steamer was launched on December 5, 1918.

The world we know it today is overtly connected in almost every facet whether it is through culture, media, technology or art. Throughout the majority of human history, this was not the case, however, and this global interconnection was only made possible through advanced forms of travel and communication. One cultural marker that points to the transition from global isolation to inclusion is the World Fairs which are also called World Expositions where people from all around the world come and both present and admire scientific, cultural or artistic creations from their peers. There have been several impactful iterations of the World Fair throughout history, but one edition, in particular, was the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition held in Chicago. For both the city of Chicago and the entire world, the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition left a lasting impact in ways both big and small. For a city that was rebuilding itself after a devastating fire, the Exposition proved as a shining example of Chicago's resilience. From the Ferris Wheel to Chicago-style hotdogs, Woodrow Wilson to electricity, this edition of the World Fair often served as a first exposure to things that would become household names for many. Originally held to commemorate the near 400-year anniversary of Christopher Columbus's discovery of America, the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago now serves as a marker within American history itself, signaling the height of the Industrial Revolution and more explicitly, a foreshadowing for the passing of the torch from Europe to America in terms of geopolitical and culture power, which was hastily approaching.

Throughout the majority of its history, Texans often had to fight for their freedom and Texan military culture is deeply embedded in what makes Texas, Texas. The Lone Star has been the site of numerous famous battles but these iconic historical events were not just limited to land though, as Texas also has a long history connected to Naval Warfare. In fact, the history of several discontinued warships still lives on in Texas as there still remain several ships, each with a long story to tell long after their service. This begs the question though, what happened to these abandoned warships that led to them laying dormant in the waters of Texas?

Arizona, was a major copper-producing center built on the steep canyon slopes east of the Mule Mountains. Bisbee is 92 miles southeast of Tucson and 11 miles north of the Mexican border and is one of the world's richest mineral sites resulting in what was once the largest city between St. Louis and San Francisco. Bisbee's unique history attracts thousands of tourists worldwide every year. It also boasts of having the "Best Climate Year Round" by the locals. It is one of the few cities in Arizona where you can get a taste of all four seasons. The Copper Queen Mine, located in what is now called Old Bisbee, is a popular tourist stop when visiting the historic town.

The Hudson Tunnel is absolutely massive and was the first large-scale tunneling project under a prominent American river. Originally intended to be the first trans-river rail link between Jersey City and Manhattan, the tunnel took more than 30 years to complete. The history of the tunnel is a fascinating example of early Gilded Age engineering technology and is considered a notable engineering achievement. Today we will discover the story of the Hudson Tunnel and how it came to be!

Compton is a city in southern California, with a rich history of both tragedy and triumph. Come explore the Compton of the past by reading historical accounts and watching old footage, then compare it to what Compton looks like today. We'll cover everything from gang violence to the history of hip-hop as we explore the rise and fall of this iconic city.

The state of Texas is one of the most iconic and influential states in the entirety of the United States and because of that, it is world-renowned for its status. The intricacies of Texan society can be seen across the board in things like cultural mannerisms and attitudes, food, film, music, art, fashion and even political ideologies. But one area where it is very easy to see the mark of Texas is in its architecture. By taking a simple walk through some of the biggest and busiest cities or through a quiet suburb, the manner and style in which these structures are built are enriched in what makes Texas, Texas. The Lone Star State has a vast array of famous buildings to explore from famous historical sites such as the Alamo to the Texas Capitol Building where the state government resides, or even cloud-piercing skyscrapers like JP Morgan Chase Tower or Heritage Plaza, the list goes on. While all these structures are beautiful and emblematic in their own right, one inevitable question arises for us citizens who are often looking up at these tall buildings from the ground. And that question is, what is on the rooftops of Texas's most famous buildings?

We all know about the Titanic and the Queen Mary, but what about more obscure ships? This video will explore ten of the worlds weirdest ships from antiquity to today. I'll cover what these ships were built for, how they were configured, and why some were so weird!

Cincinnati's subway was one of the most ambitious projects in North America. It was designed to link the populous downtown, with the Ohio River Valley, and then onward to the east and west suburbs. There was a long-term plan to extend it all the way to Indiana. But what happened? Why did Cincinnati, who had a world-class mass transit system in place, build an expensive highway called I-75 instead?

Fires in coal mines have been a problem for Pennsylvania for decades. These fires are not only dangerous, but they also keep the mine from being profitable. We'll talk about the dangers of these fires, how they happen, and what can be done to prevent them.

As one of New York City's early skyscrapers, and one of the first high-rise elevator buildings, the New York Tribune Building was a tragically underrated pioneer of its age. Despite its somewhat controversial opening it lived a storied life, though it later fell to the wrecking ball in 1966. This is the story of the lost New York Tribune Building.

Have you ever wondered what is on the tops of each building in Chicago's Skyline? Every major American city has a horizon littered with skyscrapers and Chicago, one of the most prominent cities in American history, is no different, holding some of the tallest buildings in the US. When walking through the streets of Chicago and looking up at these metal marvels stabbing the sky, one thing that the everyday citizen can obviously not see, is the tops of these buildings. This ultimately begs the question, what is on the rooftops of Chicago's tallest buildings? Chicago's Skyline is one of the tallest cities in the world, holding over 100 skyscrapers that are featured heavily in popular media such as film, television, music and art. Each of these tall structures are all unique in many ways from their age, who they house and what methods were used to construct them. Similarly, what lies on the roof of each of these skyscrapers is different in each case. So in order to get a holistic view of Chicago's rooftops, let's examine a select few of the most famous skyscrapers in the city.

The Radium Girls: how the first female factory workers were poisoned by a radioactive substance and how the fall out almost destroyed a city in New Jersey.

The North River Tunnels are a pair of rail tunnels that carry Amtrak and New Jersey Transit lines under the Hudson River between Weehawken, New Jersey, and the Pennsylvania Station in Manhattan. Constructed in 1910, the North River Tunnels is a critical travel option for commuters on the New Jersey Transit and Amtrak's busy Northeast Corridor line. These tunnels are active, they allow 24 crossings per hour each way and operate near capacity during peak hours. The tubes run parallel to each other underneath the Hudson River. Their centers are separated by 37 feet. The two tracks fan out to 21 tracks just west of Penn Station.

Did you ever wonder what's under the city streets that you walk on every day? Well if you live in Seattle, you would be surprised to find out what lies underneath! Underneath the streets of the Pioneer Square neighborhood lies the Seattle Underground, a hidden section of passageways and corridors which at one time hosted an array of commerce both legal and illegal as well as shops, homes, storage and a collection of fascinating history unknown to most, even among Seattle's citizens themselves. As a result of Seattle's reconstruction following the Great Fire of 1889, the streets were lifted several stories above ground level for several reasons, leaving all the surrounding buildings to partially dwell underground. After only a few decades the city shut down the Underground for public health and safety concerns but some areas remained in use for various nefarious activities while the rest were left abandoned. While the Seattle Underground is now nothing but a tourist attraction, there persists a long and interesting history hidden underneath these streets, much like the Underground itself.

Camden City long served as the heart of the South Jersey region. Located directly across the Delaware River from Philadelphia, Camden capitalized on its strategic location for shipping and is the home to the Campbell Soup Company. Unfortunately, Camden lost its once premier standing as it struggled with high poverty, crime, and environmental degradation. But what was the cause of Camden's fall? What became of the city that once was at the height of an industrial economy?

The Philadelphia subway system has served millions over its lifespan, and continues to be a primary way of travel for countless Philadelphians to this very day. But did you know that the subway system we see today could have been much larger? Today, we will discover the lost subway tunnels of Philadelphia.

If you wanted to take a trip from New York City to Liverpool, all you would need to do is pack your bags, pay for an airplane ticket and board the plane and in less than 24 hours you are on the other side of the Atlantic Ocean on a completely different continent. But it wasn't always this easy and this fast. In fact, traveling across the Atlantic was often a dangerous task that took months or years if you even survived. As a result, man has always been trying to find new ways to make this journey, faster, safer and more efficient. One example of this was the invention of steamships. These revolutionary vessels ruled the waves just a few centuries ago before becoming obsolete as man found even faster, safer and more efficient ways to travel, trade and fight wars. This, however, begs the question what happened to these transatlantic steamships which used to be the primary form of travel across this vast ocean?

Once one of the nation's premier resorts, the Salton Sea welcomed millions of guests to its idyllic shores every single year. And yet today, it has been reduced to little more than a barren, toxic wasteland, growing saltier every year. Today, we will uncover the story of the Salton Sea, and if there is still hope to save it.

The Chicago & North Western Railway terminal in Chicago, Illinois was one of the most magnificent and beautiful train stations in the country. It was built in 1888 and served as the C&NW's primary station until it was closed in 1970. The station was demolished soon after, but remnants of it still exist today... Chicago Northwestern passenger terminal is rich in history. It was one of the largest passenger terminals in the United States. Built on thirteen acres of land, the terminal was largely inspired by the early Italian Renaissance. It opened in 1911 and attracted thousands of passengers every single day. Even though it was demolished in 1984, the Chicago Northwestern passenger terminal ushered in a new era in passenger care and set a precedent throughout Chicago.

The Pony Express is a testament to the ingenuity and innovation of the American West in the 19th century. The Pony Express is also a reminder of how transportation networks and technology can still have a profound effect on society today. The Pony Express was the first long-distance transportation network in the United States, and it operated between April 3, 1860 and October 26, 1861. The Pony Express was in operation for only six months, but it's still remembered today as a testament to how important a transportation network can be. The Pony Express was used to transport mail across the vast and sparsely-populated American West. The West, being the largest geographic region in the country at the time, was the perfect place for the Pony Express.

In the 1950s, New Jersey's population was bursting at the seams. The only way to accommodate the increasing number of people was to build more roads. And what better way than with a new multi-lane highway? This project would come to be known as the New Jersey Turnpike and would forever change how Americans traveled. The New Jersey Turnpike is one of America's most iconic highways, and has shaped the landscape and culture of the Northeast since it first opened in 1951. Join me as I explore the history of the NJTP and how it became one of the most important pieces of infrastructure in our country.

Second only to the Panama Canal, the Los Angeles Aqueduct was once the most extensive creation of its kind in human history. An unbelievably expensive and lengthy project, its benefits and consequences are still felt today. Other regions went dry to sate Los Angeles's need for water, causing decades of turmoil in the so-called Water Wars. Without it, the city would have never prospered as it did. The Los Angeles aqueduct is one of the most important and overlooked water projects in American history. The massive aqueduct is an essential piece of Los Angeles — supplying the city's residents with water and revitalizing the once-barren Owens Lake. The aqueduct was completed in 1913 and has withstood the test of time. However, it is easy to forget that this significant piece of infrastructure was not always in place.The aqueduct is a product of the 1910s in Los Angeles. The booming city was preparing for a century of growth. The population was rapidly increasing, and city leaders needed to figure out how to support it. The town was already in need of new water sources. The Owens Lake aquifer was drying up, and the city had no choice but to look elsewhere. In 1913, the city approved the Owens Valley Aqueduct. This massive engineering project would transport water from the Sierra Nevada Mountains to Los Angeles. The aqueduct was built using an innovative gravity-fed canal system that eventually became the Owens Lake aqueduct. Los Angeles has always been a city of extremes. Located in the hottest, driest part of California, the city is also one of the wettest. The Owens Lake aquifer was its only water source, and its supply was constantly dwindling. The city needed to find a new water source and build a massive aqueduct to support its growing population.

What's on the rooftops of New York City's most famous skyscrapers? From interesting architecture to a bird's-eye view of the city, explore the hidden secrets and stunning vistas of the Big Apple's rooftops.

Being as big a city as it is, Chicago needs a lot of systems to keep it running. Among the most important is the sewer system, which has disposed of Chicago's waste for over 150 years now. From the initial installation and the pollution of the Chicago River to the newer implements of the past several years, the Chicago Sewer System has a pervasive history.

The Brooklyn docks are an integral part of the borough's history. But with the industrial past of New York City and the rise of container shipping, these piers have been abandoned and left to rot. What happened? In this episode, we take a look at what happened to the piers on Brooklyn's waterfront. We'll talk about how they've been used over the years, why they were abandoned, and what people are saying about them today.

Once the Magic City of America's Rust Belt, Gary, Indiana is a city of a much different reputation today. From the greatest producer of American Steel and a key arm in the Arsenal of Democracy, it devolved into a murder capital until it ran out of people to kill. Its story is familiar, though, with any luck, it is not over.

The city was founded in 1871 and quickly became a posh destination for Philadelphia and New York society. Its layout echoed European cities, with large inland lakes, broad avenues leading to the sea, and over 200 hotels. It had saltwater pools and carnival rides, and the Marx Brothers headlined at the Paramount. In the 1950s, the town continued to grow and prosper, but it was still a struggling town with its share of challenges. During the 1960s, Asbury Park's music scene began to thrive, with doo-wop, rock and roll, and rhythm and blues playing at the boardwalk and in local bars. Although the beachfront was deserted during the summers, the lack of tourists made it the perfect stomping ground for the misfit musicians who would go on to shape iconic blues rock. The town's boardwalk was also home to numerous clubs, including the famous Paramount Theatre, and the Parlor Gallery, which holds 11 exhibitions annually. By the 1960s, it was a hot spot for the counterculture, with musicians like Bruce Springsteen, Southside Johnny Lyon, and Steven Van Zandt bringing new energy to the beach. The middle class began to leave the town, and the sun-baked beach was not the only attraction for vacationers. The post-war years were turbulent for Asbury. Asbury had to deal with the effects of the riots, and a decline in tourism ruined the town's reputation as a thriving place to visit. But, despite these problems, the city retained its unique culture and character. In 1974, the legendary music club, The Stone Pony, opened its doors. It has been home to a number of legendary musicians and has been considered one of the greatest rock & roll venues of all time.

The City Investing Building had many names in its time, but none of them saved it from destruction. Starting as a project from a prolific designer, it hosted countless businesses as residents before facing demolition, one of the tallest of its time to fall as it did. In recent times, its echoes are silent, and its legacy lies mostly forgotten. Today, however, it comes out of the shadows once more.

From the Telegraph's ashes arises its successor; the Telephone. Starting as a modification to the harmonic telegraph, Alexander Graham Bell's magnum opus changed communication forever. Sparking an entire industry that connected nations worldwide, monopolies rose and fell, government regulations shifted, all while interconnection expanded.

An ever-shrinking collection of the US Navy's most storied ships lies in a bay near San Francisco. This National Defense Reserve Fleet held war heroes, masters of espionage, and behind-the-scenes vessels that the Navy could not function without. Some met a cruel fate in a scrapyard, others found a grandiose museum as their new home, but all were influential in the organization that put them out to pasture.

New York City is the pinnacle example of American development. Being the most populated city in the United States, it requires a tremendous amount of infrastructure - chief Among the most important of these systems is its waterworks which have a long and complex past. Today we discover a fascinating tale of underground piping, aqueducts, forgotten tanks, and the longest tunnel in the world!

Across the south of New Jersey, there are 1.1 million acres of pine forest. From the northern part of Ocean Country down to Cape May, the Pinelands National Reserve occupied 22% of the state's land area and is the largest body of open space on the Mid-Atlantic Seaboard between Moston and Richmond. Additionally, 45 percent of the region, or around 493,000 acres, are owned by the public. However, a part of this reserve is of particular note, sourcing several urban legends such as the Jersey devil. This is the story of the New Jersey Pine Barrens.

The lost St Paul building, Designed by George B. Post, constructed from 1895 to 1898, and named for the St. Paul Chapel across Broadway. This masterpiece once towered over lower Manhattan's Financial District as one of the first—and tallest—skyscrapers in New York City at 26 stories and 315 feet tall. Its Ionic-style colonnades stood out from the other superstructures of its time. But it was also this very same unique style that made it one of the most critically received buildings in the city's history. In the modern-day, the story of the St. Paul Building has long been lost to time but today we will bring it back to life.

As one of the busiest vehicular tunnels in the world and a cousin tunnel to the highly successful Holland Tunnel, the Lincoln Tunnel sees over 100,000 cars every single day and around 21 million a year. It connects New York to New Jersey and serves as an incredibly strong connection between the two states— today on It's History, we will discover the story of the Lincoln Tunnel.

Sprawling beneath the busy streets of New York lays an incredible steam system that provides heat to many of the city's most iconic landmarks— the steam stacks, to many, serving as icons all their own. Today on It's History, we will discover the history of the New York City steam lines.

Once the tallest building in New York City and the tallest office building in the world, the World Building of New York is no longer present in its skyline. Officially known as the Pulitzer Building, named for the same man as the Pulitzer Prize in Journalism, this building had an extensive history despite being wiped from the map. Tied to both the American Civil War and the Second World War, one can feel its presence over decades, and it still has reverberations to this day.

Street signs are one of the most common sights in your average city, but the average tourist often does not think of them. But just as the city of Chicago is not average, nor is their street signs. It has shuffled through many designs throughout history before ending with what it has today. And the type it is known for is not in service today but is by no means gone.

Outside the Philadelphia International Airport is a shipyard of old and decrepit vessels, but they weren't always that way. Among these ships are some of the United States Navy's most storied vessels, heroes of countless wars, and great storied histories. And while their fates are not as glorious as their pasts, one vessel that once rested here is truly the stuff of legend.

Discovering American Heritage Through Tales of Urban Decay.

Once at the forefront of New York's booming waterfront economy, many of the original docks that lined the bustling shores of New York City have fallen into disrepair. Some remain mere shells of what they once were, but others have been given new life in recent years— in this episode of It's History we will explore the many lost docks of New York City.

The American Telegraph was one of the first advancements towards the near-instant communication of today. While the telegraph found its origin in Britain, it hit its stride in the United States with Samuel Morse's design, gaining international prestige and even a cable running across the Atlantic Ocean. Today, we're going to delve into the history of it and see just what made the telegraph, and Morse Code, click.

Once one of Chicago's most incredible buildings, the Chicago Federal Building is now little but a long-forgotten memory for most of Chicago. Designed by Henry Ives Cobb and with a dome larger than the one on the Capitol Building, it was a marvel of its time—today on It's History, we will discover the secrets of the lost Chicago Federal Building.

A building with a very rocky history, 2 Columbus Circle was the core of significant controversy in New York City almost 15 years ago. From its privileged beginnings, its changes in ownership, and the furious debate that raged for thirty years, this relatively recent addition to Manhattan's list of remarkable buildings had no trouble making up for its lost time.

Around Chicago's downtown area is a collection of buildings that do not appear to be typical buildings at all. Windowless, doorless, but not at all featureless, these buildings hide many of the machinery that keeps the city moving. With a vivid history in electricity, they eventually became a common sight in metropolitan areas. Today, we discuss the so-called "fake buildings" of Chicago.

As one of the most influential railroads in all of New Jersey, the Central New Jersey Railroad has had an incredible impact on the Garden State's growth throughout the 19th century. It flourished, carrying millions of passengers throughout its lifespan—though it met a tragic end thanks to the rise of automobiles and the widespread fall of railroads all across America. But did you know that not only an abandoned terminal remains, but a replica of a Blue Comet train car still remain? Today, we'll be taking a look at the lost glory of the Central New Jersey Railroad.

The Dominicans came to Łęczyca in the seventies of the 13th century. Originally, they lived in wooden buildings. It was not until 1341 when a brick St Dominic's church and a two-story monastery were constructed as adjoining the defensive walls of the town. Not much information about its functioning survived. At the turn of the 17th and 18th centuries, the complex was enlarged by adding new wings. In 1799 the Prussian authorities dissolved the monastery and two years later the building was converted into a prison and the church was demolished. In the second half of the 19th century, a story was added and the building was much enlarged. In subsequent years the area of the former monastery was adapted several times to the requirements of a top-security prison. The Łęczyca prison has been recently moved to a modern building in nearby Garbalin, which was opened in 2007. Łęczyca is a town of 14,362 inhabitants in central Poland. Situated in the Łódź Voivodeship, it is the county seat of the Łęczyca County.

Immersed in a vibrant history, the San Francisco Bay Area hosts one of America's most iconic landmarks: the Golden Gate Bridge. The culmination of San Francisco and the state of California as a whole's history, and only able to be constructed due to the influx of citizens from the Gold Rush, the Golden Gate Bridge connected two points fortified during the Civil War. Once called unbuildable, the design of Josef Baermann Strauss brought it into the realm of possibility, but building it was a challenge. And today, at the bottom of the Golden Gate Strait, lies a broken secret recalling dark memories.

Throughout its life, Atlantic City has seen multiple rises and falls— though there is no denying the influence it holds as one of America's former premier destinations for luxury and beachfront attractions. But what caused its final fall, and what was it like in its glory days? This is the story of the rise and fall of Atlantic City.

Serving millions of New Yorkers every day, there is little question as to the incredible impact the New York City subway system has had on the city's reputation as a massive hub of transportation. But this system was hundreds of years in the making and it evolved from horse trams and steam trains before moving below the ground - today on It's History, we'll be taking a look at how New York City's mass transportation systems have changed over time.

As one of the most bizarre shipwrecks of all time, the Christmas Tree shipwreck has perplexed many in the decades since it occurred. But this story is not as far back as one might assume— and did you know that this strange case was finally solved just 50 years ago? On this Christmas Episode of It's History, we'll be exploring the elusive Christmas Tree shipwreck of the Rouse Simmons.

Tunnel. One of the longest underwater vehicular tunnels in the world, it was designed as the masterpiece of Clifford M. Holland's career and was decades in the making, Even today, it serves New York and New Jersey—though as thousands pass through this tunnel every day, it is easy to overlook just how incredible the ingenious engineering behind the tunnel's ventilation system truly is. Today, we'll be taking a look into the story of the Holland Tunnel—a truly crowning achievement of its time.

Europe called it impossible. President Thomas Jefferson claimed it was "nothing short of madness." However, the state of New York proceeded anyway and carved the largest canal the world had ever seen. Though the state faced many challenges, including training an engineering team, carving the land, designing the climbs, and even securing permission for construction. Today, we will explore the history of the Erie Canal.

Niagara Falls is by far one of the most incredible wonders in the world— attracting millions to bask in its glory each year. It is a source of beauty just as it is a source of power for thousands of people who live nearby, but did you know that these Falls are steeped in just as much tragedy as they are triumph? Today, we'll find out about the daredevils of Niagara Falls— starting with the first person to ever go over the Falls and survive, all inside a barrel.

As one of America's most well-known tourist destinations, there is little question of the sizeable impact it has had not only on New York but the country as a whole. But few know just how far back its roots run. By far, it was one of the most ambitious projects of its time—and yet there is much more to this giant of architecture beyond its incredible length and massive towers. In today's episode of It's History, we'll uncover the rich history beyond the bridge that unites Brooklyn and Manhattan.

Among the United States' iconic landmarks is one that not many would find too significant: a giant arch on the Mississippi River called the Gateway to the West. Many fail to realize that it's loaded with historical significance and carries a great deal of struggle in the story of its creation. Today we'll delve into the history of the St. Louis Gateway Arch.

Dating back over 150 years, the "L" train lines have always been a fascination of Chicago, putting many lines into service throughout the 20th century. But as time marched on, more and more tracks were abandoned and torn down. Today, we'll explore some of these lines and look into why they were destroyed. This is the history of Chicago's "L" Train Lines.

Today we discover several of the secret and forgotten tunnels beneath New York City, their history, and what remains today.

Happy Halloween, everyone! Today, we planned to release our tour of an abandoned prison, but that video has to wait due to technical problems. In its place, we hope you will enjoy this castle tour! Krasiczyn Castle (Polish: Zamek w Krasiczynie) is a Renaissance castle à la fortezza in Krasiczyn, southeastern Poland. It stands on a lowland at the right bank of the San River, along the Przemyśl-Sanok route and some 10 kilometers southwest of Przemyśl. Across the centuries, the castle has belonged to several noble Polish families and was visited by many Polish kings. It now belongs to the Industrial Development Agency (Polish: Agencja Rozwoju Przemyslu S.A.).

The History of Chicago's waterworks is jam-packed with some of the most remarkable examples of human innovation, from the miles of tunnels built directly under lake Michigan to the artificial islands known as water cribs, the lifting of the entire city, and the reversal of the Chicago River. Although these feet of engineering are impressive, probably nothing will compete with the monumental deep tunnel project that has been unfolding for the past few decades.

Complete History of the Empire State building. As the victor of the 1930s' race to the sky, the Empire State Building has long been hailed as one of America's biggest landmarks and tourist destinations, second only to the Statue of Liberty. With its incredible feats of construction, it is nothing short of a marvel of architecture that holds fast as a beacon of light and hope to all of America even today. But this magnificent building wasn't always so successful— opening in 1931 to an incredibly bleak financial prospects and a mostly empty building, it quickly began to be referred to as the "Empty State Building" on account of the shockingly low amount of tenants that rented space in it. Despite its great promise, what could have caused such a disastrous start? And how did the building recover from it? Who was the Empire State Building built for? Did the Empire State Building get destroyed? Was the Empire State Building built during the Great Depression? Was the Empire state building a blimp port? Watch our video to find out.

Complete history of The Statue of Liberty - The Statue of Liberty has long stood as a beacon of light and hope for all of America. Built in France by renowned sculptor Frederic Auguste Bartholde, the story of Lady Liberty's construction is an incredible tale of unity well before it even touched American soil. Even today, millions of visitors are attracted to its pedestal and take the steep climb from base to crown— the torch wasn't always closed, however. In fact, up to 1916 visitors were able to enjoy a breathtaking view of the New York skyline from the torch's balcony— but what could have caused such an incredible attraction to close? Let's take a look at the history behind this cornerstone of American culture. The Statue of Liberty, officially known as Liberty Enlightening the World, is a colossal neoclassical sculpture on Liberty Island in New York Harbor within New York City, in the United State, watch this video to learn more!

The Morris Canal and the later Delaware and Raritan Canal both contributed greatly to New Jersey's economic advancements and the development of many smaller settlements. As two key pieces in the transportation industry, they served to connect the two states together and each boasted several unique qualities not found in any other canals of their time. However, after being closed down in the early 20th century, much of the rich history that surrounds them both has been largely forgotten and their achievements and accolades lost to the modern time. What could have caused such feats of 19th century engineering to become so obsolete? This is the story of New Jersey's lost canals, ( Morris canal & Delaware and Raritan canal ). These canals were once a magnificent feet of 19th century engineering and today have been lost to time. Does the Morris Canal still exist?

Around the beginning of the 1910s, when Detroit was starting to grow into a major city, construction of a new railway station was nearing completion. Constructed in the Beaux Arts style, Michigan Central Station was designed by the several of the same architects that had designed New York City's Grand Central Station. A core in the northeastern US's mobilization in WWII, and once the tallest railway station in the world, But it now sits empty, abandoned and forgotten, but that may not be the case for long...

Today we discover the story of America's most unusual Ghost town Cerro Gordo California. Made famous by the towns unusual owner Brent Underwood of Ghost town living - its legacy is enjoyed by fans from around the world. @GhostTownLiving also happens to be my favourite Youtube channel. According to https://cerrogordomines.com Cerro Gordo is located on the western slope of the Inyo Mountains about seven miles east of Keeler and thirty miles south of Independence. It was the first major silver strike in Owens Valley. Long before the area was developed, Mexicans had been crawling the mountain they called Cerro Gordo, meaning "Fat Hill," looking for silver. However, an early group was attacked by Indians and three of the five prospectors were killed. Two were held captive and when they were released, were required to promise never to return. However, after Fort Independence was established and the Indian activity subsided, the Mexicans came back in 1862.

Detroit is effectively the dictionary's definition of Urban Decay and poverty. Yet images of the fading city somehow evoke emotions of nostalgia and curiosity. This is the magic of great cities beyond their prime, and the expression of times passage - as offered by neglect. Inside that faded skyline is Book Tower, an abandoned skyscraper that was intended to be Detroit's greats landmark - only to be ridiculed as an abomination by many. Although stunted by The great depression of America, and in tatters as a result of the decline of Detroit this Rust belt monument aviated the wrecking ball and represents a time when Detroit Michigan was an icon of the world. Fingers crossed - Book Tower is currently under renovation and it seems that the people of Detroit will save their masterpiece!

Christopher Payne said it best in his book about New York Cities Sub-stations and fake buildings: "All over New York City, hidden behind unassuming historic facades, sits the gigantic machinery of the power stations that once moved the subways. For over a century, the 125,000-pound converters and related equipment of the substations remained largely unchanged, but in 1999 the last manually operated substation was shut down and since then they have been systematically dismantled and sold as scrap".

Today we explore the rise and fall of New York Cities famous Pennsylvania Station. This station was once one of the most beautiful structures in America, but now - little remains beyond photographs. Pennsylvania Station was a historic railroad station in New York City, named for the Pennsylvania Railroad (PRR), its builder and original tenant. The station occupied an 8-acre (3.2 ha) plot bounded by Seventh and Eighth Avenues and 31st and 33rd Streets in Midtown Manhattan. As the terminal shared its name with several stations in other cities, it was sometimes called New York Pennsylvania Station, or Penn Station for short.

Today we explore the famous Singer Tower, a New York City skyscraper that once defined an era, and has now been completely forgotten. Upon its completion it was the tallest building in the world, surpassing Philadelphia's city hall which was the previous record holder. The Singer building was one of the worlds most beautiful examples of urban architecture - now it is an example of poor historic preservation.

Todays guest is Florian Wittig, known best for his work as creative producer of @TheGreatWar and Real Time History. The Great War is a history YouTube channel and web series which covered the events of World War I week-by-week from July 2014 to November 2018,[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][excessive citations] now focusing on the events that followed it in longer episodes. The series debuted on July 28, 2014. It is currently hosted and written by Jesse Alexander, a Canadian historian. It has been previously hosted by American historian and actor Indy Neidell. The channel produced weekly content that follows the events that occurred one hundred years prior during the war.[9] After the centennial's conclusion, Indy Neidell, the first host and writer of the series, left the project and now presents the World War Two channel.[10] Jesse Alexander was picked to replace Neidell. It currently focuses on World War I's aftermath, abandoning the week-by-week format and focusing on longer, more in-depth documentaries about events that followed it, such as the German Revolution and the Russian Civil War.

Deep below the streets of Philadelphia is a labyrinth of hidden tunnels and corridors developed over nearly a century ago. What few people realise, is that some sections of tunnel have been abandoned through out their entire history!

More information about the Stępina train bunker provided by https://visitkrosno.pl/en/miejsca/stepina-0 One of the most important military attractions in Poland and the biggest above-ground railway bunker in the world. Everybody knows it was visited by Hitler in 1941, but it is rarely mentioned that it was thanks to the airport in Krosno. When they were preparing for war, Germans already knew the value of the aviation training complex in Krosno, which was among the most modern ones in contemporary Europe. As part of the preparations for the attack on the USSR, to facilitate ammunition transport, a siding was built leading to the airport. The proximity of the excellent air base in Krosno, the best in this part of the country, informed the decision to build the famous railway bunkers nearby - the underground one in Strzyżów and the above-ground one in Stępina. The bunkers were to house the southernmost Nazi headquarters - Anlage Süd (Installation South) - which were to make it possible to manage the conquest of the USSR, probably planned even before the outbreak of the war. The building work began in the spring of 1940 and was entrusted to the famous Organisation Todt. It was kept strictly secret, the building site was surrounded with a fence several metres tall and the work was carried out exclusively by Germans, supported by several thousand forced labourers engaged for auxiliary work. The scope of the investment was impressive - the foundations were several metres deep and the channel of the local Stępinka River was moved on the length of almost a kilometre. In June 1941, everything was ready. The finished bunker was 393 metres long and slightly arched (which was to make a direct hit by an aerial bomb less likely), with 2-3 metres thick walls which could sustain a hit from even a half-ton missile. The bunker was also fitted with a system of airlocks and ventilation and filtering devices which secured it against a chemical attack. An underground passage connected it to the neighbouring technical and storage bunker. In all, the complex included several dozen buildings, watchtowers, combat bunkers and pillboxes, of which only seven have survived - those made with reinforced concrete. The reportedly beautiful wooden villa for the top ranking commanding officers has not survived. A grassy landing field for planes was situated 600 metres from the railway bunker. The famous meeting of Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini took place here on 27-28 August 1941. At that time, Hitler landed at least three times at the Krosno airport. Even though Mussolini came to Stępina by train, they both flew from Krosno to inspect the Eastern front near Kiev. This is also where they concluded their inspection, welcomed with pomp by the German crew of the airport. It was the only visit of the Führer in Stępina, even though the place was kept in constant readiness for receiving a staff train or other special train through the war until August of 1944, when the bunker was taken over by the Soviets, who organised a field hospital there.

Welcome to one of Europe's few existing train bunkers in Stępina Poland. This bunker was build by order of the German military, using forced labor during the second world war. This is also the famous site of Hitler's meeting with Mussolini. Both leaders arrived by train. Hitler's train (German: Führersonderzug) stayed in the bunker at Strzyżów while Mussolini's engine and carriages were at Stępina.

Today we discover Chicago's forgotten streetcar tunnels, built centuries ago, they run under the Chicago river at 3 points and are sealed off from any access to the public.

Welcome to It's History in Conversation with actor, musician, and writer, Indy Neidell.

Have you ever wondered when the phenomenon of going viral started? Perhaps it can be dated back to Flagpole sitting. Pole sitting is the practice of sitting on top of a pole (such as a flagpole) for extended lengths of time, generally used as a test of endurance. A small platform is typically placed at the top of the pole for the sitter.

The FBI recalls, It was still dark in Manhattan on a Sunday morning, July 30, 1916, when the sky suddenly exploded with an unnatural brilliance. Two million tons of war materials packed into train cars had blown up in the Black Tom railroad yard on what is now a part of Liberty State Park. Thousands of windows shattered in lower Manhattan and Jersey City. Shrapnel pock-marked the Statue of Liberty. Three men and a baby were killed by the explosive energy that erupted from this act of sabotage. The culprits? German agents who were determined to prevent American munitions shippers from supplying its English enemy during the First World War. Never mind that the U.S. was officially neutral in the conflict at this point. How to respond? With difficulty. With few national security laws and no real intelligence community to thwart German agents, America was vulnerable. The Secret Service, by presidential order, was able to investigate some German attacks and intrigues. The Bureau of Investigation—the FBI's predecessor—likewise did what it could, but it was held back by its small size (260 employees in a handful of offices) and lack of jurisdiction. The most successful and experienced anti-sabotage investigators turned out to be the detectives of the New York Police Department's Bomb Squad—even so, the German agents who blew up Black Tom were not identified at the time. Congress addressed the vulnerability. The Black Tom explosion wasn't the only provocation. When Germany proposed to Mexico that it ally itself with the Kaiser against America...and when it resumed unrestricted submarine warfare on any enemy or neutral ship crossing the Atlantic...America declared war. Congress immediately passed the Espionage Act, which outlawed a variety of crimes associated with German agents; passed several other wartime laws; then the following year passed the Sabotage Act. And the Bureau exercised primary jurisdiction over all of these laws as it pursued a wide variety of national security investigations. How successful were they? Very. German intrigues on American soil essentially evaporated. Were the saboteurs ever identified? Yes, the Bureau and other agencies doggedly pursued the case after the war until the saboteurs were identified and, ultimately, reparations were paid for German attacks against our neutral country.

The dancing plague (or dance epidemic) of 1518 was a case of dancing mania that occurred in Strasbourg, Alsace (now modern-day France), in the Holy Roman Empire in July 1518. Somewhere between 50 and 400 people took to dancing for days.

Chernobyl, most infamously known for the nuclear accident that almost wiped out Europe, occurred in Northern Ukraine and it's most associated with the nearby town of Pripyat, which was built for power plant workers and their families but evacuated and left as a ghost town due to the radioactive fallout. However, a country that is rarely mentioned when discussing the disaster is the Republic of Belarus north of Ukraine, which today shares an exclusion zone lesser known than the Ukrainian zone, but just as eerie.

The message broadcast during the evacuation of Pripyat: Attention! Attention! In connection with the accident at the Chernobyl atomic power station, unfavorable radiation conditions are developing in the city of Prypiat. In order to ensure complete safety for residents, children first and foremost, it has become necessary to carry out a temporary evacuation of the city's residents to nearby settlements of Kyiv oblast. For that purpose, buses will be provided to every residence today, April 27, beginning at 14:00 hours, under the supervision of police officers and representatives of the city executive committee. It is recommended that people take documents, absolutely necessary items and food products to meet immediate needs. Comrades, on leaving your dwellings, please do not forget to close windows, switch off electrical and gas appliances and turn off water taps. Please remain calm, organized and orderly.

The Chernobyl disaster was caused by a nuclear accident that occurred on Saturday 26 April 1986, at the No. 4 reactor in the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant, near the city of Pripyat in the north of the Ukrainian SSR. It is considered the worst nuclear disaster in history and was caused by one of only two nuclear energy accidents rated at seven—the maximum severity—on the International Nuclear Event Scale, the other being the 2011 Fukushima Daiichi nuclear incident in Japan.

Mr Joseph Groves Boxhall was born in Hull, Yorkshire, on March 23,1884. He was the second child of Joseph and Miriam Boxhall, and had two sisters who survived into adulthood (a third sister died in infancy). The Boxhall family had a strong seafaring tradition; his grandfather had been a mariner, his uncle was a Trinity House buoymaster and Board of Trade official, and his father, Captain Joseph Boxhall, was a well known and respected master with the Wilson Line of Hull. On 2 June 1899 Joseph Groves Boxhall joined his first ship, a steel hulled barque sailing from Liverpool and belonging to the William Thomas Line. During the course of his apprenticeship he sailed to Russia, the Mediterraenan, North and South America and Australia. In July 1903 he obtained his Second Mate's Certificate, and very soon afterwards joined the same shipping company has his father, the Wilson Line of Hull. In January 1905 he passed the examination for his First Mate's certificate in Hull. After further sea time, he studied for his Master's and Extra-Master's certification at Trinity House in Hull, and passed these examinations in September 1907, and in November joined the White Star Line. During the following few days Boxhall assisted with preparations for the vessel's trials and once these had been completed he accompanied her on the short voyage to Southampton arriving there just after midnight on April 4. On the day of departure Boxhall was on the navigating bridge, working the engine room and docking bridge telegraphs on orders from Captain Smith and the Trinity House Harbour Pilot George Bowyer . Once at sea Boxhall settled into his role of regular watches, navigation and assisting both passengers and crew. Boxhall returned to the bridge after a fifteen minute inspection and reported back to the Captain that he, at least, could find nothing awry. Smith then sent Boxhall to get the Carpenter to sound the ship but as Boxhall left the bridge joiner John H. Hutchinson (it may have been carpenter J. Maxwell ) rushed past him, he exclaimed that the forward compartments were filling up fast. The joiner was soon followed by Postal Clerk John Richard Jago Smith who informed the Captain that the lower mail sorting room on the orlop deck was also filling up with water. Boxhall was then sent to fetch Second Officer Charles Lightoller and Third Officer Herbert Pitman . The two officers had already been out to see what had happened but had returned to their cabins to await orders. Boxhall's next task was to work out the ship's position. After he had done so Captain Smith went to the wireless room and ordered First Marconi Operator Jack Phillips to send out a call for assistance. At 12.45 a.m. Boxhall and quartermaster George Arthur Rowe began to fire rockets from an angled rail attached to the bridge. Rowe continued to do so until the rockets ran out around 1.25. Whilst Rowe was thus engaged Boxhall scanned the horizon, he spotted a steamer in the distance, he and Rowe attempted to contact the vessel with a morse lamp but they were unsuccessful. At one point Boxhall sought reassurance from the Captain and asked if he felt the situation was really serious, Smith replied that the ship would sink within an hour to an hour and a half. Boxhall was put in charge of Lifeboat 2 which was lowered at 1.45am. After the Titanic had gone down he asked the ladies in the boat whether they should go back to help swimmers out of the water, but they said no. The boat was less than two thirds full. During the night Boxhall periodically set off green flares and also rowed. Around 4.00 a.m. the Carpathia was sighted and Boxhall let off a final flare to guide the ship to them. When he finally clambered aboard the Carpathia he was ordered to the bridge and there informed Captain Rostron that the Titanic had gone down at about 2.30 a.m.

Charles Herbert Lightoller, DSC & Bar, RD, RNR (30 March 1874 - 8 December 1952) was a British Royal Navy officer and the second officer on board the RMS Titanic. He was the most senior member of the crew to survive the Titanic disaster. As the officer in charge of loading passengers into lifeboats on the port side, Lightoller strictly enforced the women and children only protocol, not allowing any male passengers to board the lifeboats unless they were needed as auxiliary seamen.Lightoller served as a commanding officer of the Royal Navy during World War I and was twice decorated for gallantry.During World War II, in retirement, he provided and sailed as a volunteer on one of the "little ships" that played a part in the Dunkirk evacuation. Rather than allow his motoryacht to be requisitioned by the Admiralty, he sailed the vessel to Dunkirk personally and repatriated 127 British servicemen.Two weeks before the sinking, Lightoller boarded the RMS Titanic in Belfast, acting as first officer for the sea trials. Captain Smith gave the post of chief officer to Henry Wilde of the Olympic, demoting the original appointee William McMaster Murdoch to first officer and Lightoller to second officer. The original second officer, David Blair, was excluded from the voyage altogether, while the ship's roster of junior officers remained unchanged. Blair's departure from the crew caused a problem, as he had the key to the ship's binocular case. Because the crew lacked access to binoculars, Lightoller promised to purchase them when the Titanic got to New York City. Later, the missing key and resultant lack of binoculars for the lookouts in the crow's nest became a point of contention at the U.S. inquiry into the Titanic disaster. On the night of 14 April 1912, Lightoller commanded the last bridge watch prior to the ship's collision with the iceberg, after which Murdoch relieved him. An hour before the collision, Lightoller ordered the ship's lookouts to continually watch for 'small ice' and 'particularly growlers' until daylight. He then ordered the Quartermaster, Robert Hichens, to check ship's fresh water supply for freezing below the waterline.[14] Lightoller had retired to his cabin and was preparing for bed when he felt the collision. Wearing only his pyjamas, Lightoller hurried out on deck to investigate, but seeing nothing, retired back to his cabin. Deciding it would be better to remain where other officers knew where to find him if needed, he lay awake in his bunk until fourth officer Joseph Boxhall summoned him to the bridge. He pulled on trousers, and a navy-blue sweater over his pyjamas, and donned (along with socks and shoes) his officer's overcoat and cap. During the evacuation, Lightoller took charge of lowering the lifeboats on the port side of the boat deck.[9] He helped to fill several lifeboats with passengers and launched them. Lightoller interpreted Smith's order for "the evacuation of women and children" as essentially "women and children only". As a result, Lightoller lowered lifeboats with empty seats if there were no women and children waiting to board, meaning to fill them to capacity once they had reached the water.[2] Lieutenant Colonel Arthur Godfrey Peuchen has the distinction of being the only adult male passenger Lightoller allowed into the boats on the port side evacuation, due to his previous nautical experience and offer of assistance when there were no seamen available from the Titanic's own complement to help command one of the lowering lifeboats.[15] There were fears from some of the officers that the davits used for lowering the boats would not hold the weight if the boats were full, but they were unaware that the new davits on the Titanic had been designed to do so.

RMS Titanic was a British passenger liner operated by the White Star Line that sank in the North Atlantic Ocean on 15 April 1912, after striking an iceberg during her maiden voyage from Southampton to New York City. Of the estimated 2,224 passengers and crew aboard, more than 1,500 died, making the sinking at the time the deadliest of a single ship in the West[4] and the deadliest peacetime sinking of a superliner or cruise ship to date. With much public attention in the aftermath the disaster has since been the material of many artistic works and a founding material of the disaster film genre. RMS Titanic was the largest ship afloat at the time she entered service and was the second of three Olympic-class ocean liners operated by the White Star Line. She was built by the Harland and Wolff shipyard in Belfast. Thomas Andrews, chief naval architect of the shipyard at the time, died in the disaster.[6] Titanic was under the command of Captain Edward Smith, who also went down with the ship. The ocean liner carried some of the wealthiest people in the world, as well as hundreds of emigrants from Great Britain and Ireland, Scandinavia and elsewhere throughout Europe, who were seeking a new life in the United States. The first-class accommodation was designed to be the pinnacle of comfort and luxury, with a gymnasium, swimming pool, libraries, high-class restaurants, and opulent cabins. A high-powered radiotelegraph transmitter was available for sending passenger "marconigrams" and for the ship's operational use. The Titanic had advanced safety features, such as watertight compartments and remotely activated watertight doors. The ship carried 16 lifeboat davits which could lower three lifeboats each, for a total of 48 boats. However, Titanic carried only a total of 20 lifeboats, four of which were collapsible and proved hard to launch during the sinking. The carried lifeboats were enough for 1,178 people—about half the number on board, and one third of her total capacity—due to the maritime safety regulations of those days. Though at the time of the sinking the lowered lifeboats were only about half-filled. After leaving Southampton on 10 April 1912, Titanic called at Cherbourg in France and Queenstown (now Cobh) in Ireland, before heading west to New York.[9] On 14 April, four days into the crossing and about 375 miles (600 km) south of Newfoundland, she hit an iceberg at 11:40 p.m. ship's time. The collision caused the hull plates to buckle inwards along her starboard (right) side and opened five of her sixteen watertight compartments to the sea; she could only survive four flooding. Meanwhile, passengers and some crew members were evacuated in lifeboats, many of which were launched only partially loaded. A disproportionate number of men were left aboard because of a "women and children first" protocol for loading lifeboats. At 2:20 a.m., she broke apart and foundered with well over one thousand people still aboard. Just under two hours after Titanic sank, the Cunard liner RMS Carpathia arrived and brought aboard an estimated 705 survivors. The disaster was met with worldwide shock and outrage at the huge loss of life, as well as the regulatory and operational failures that led to it. Public inquiries in Britain and the United States led to major improvements in maritime safety. One of their most important legacies was the establishment of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) in 1914, which still governs maritime safety. Several new wireless regulations were passed around the world in an effort to learn from the many missteps in wireless communications—which could have saved many more passengers.

One of the most intriguing of the plague doctor images we've found is a painted coat of arms belonging to Theodore Zwinger III (1658-1724), a Swiss doctor and descendant of Theodore Zwinger I (1533-1588), the Swiss doctor and humanist whose Theatrum Humanae Vitae is considered, the historian Helmut Zedelmaier writes, "perhaps the most comprehensive collection of knowledge to be compiled by a single individual in the early modern period". The painting depicts a plague doctor on one side of a blazon and a man in a ruff on the other — perhaps representing both the medical and the scholarly traditions of the Zwinger clan? Some sort of duality is being represented, at any rate — and the extraordinarily avian plague doctor (even his eyes look birdlike!) lends something mysterious to the picture.

In legal history, an animal trial was the criminal trial of a non-human animal. Such trials are recorded as having taken place in Europe from the thirteenth century until the eighteenth. In modern times, it is considered in most criminal justice systems that non-human persons lack moral agency and so cannot be held culpable for an act. Animals, including insects, faced the possibility of criminal charges for several centuries across many parts of Europe. The earliest extant record of an animal trial is the execution of a pig in 1266 at Fontenay-aux-Roses.[1] Such trials remained part of several legal systems until the 18th century. Animal defendants appeared before both church and secular courts, and the offences alleged against them ranged from murder to criminal damage. Human witnesses were often heard and in ecclesiastical courts they were routinely provided with lawyers (this was not the case in secular courts, but for most of the period concerned, neither were human defendants). If convicted, it was usual for an animal to be executed, or exiled. However, in 1750, a female donkey was acquitted of charges of bestiality due to witnesses to the animal's virtue and good behaviour while her co-accused human was sentenced to death.

Translations of several of the most detailed records can be found in E. P. Evans' The Criminal Prosecution and Capital Punishment of Animals, published in 1906. Sadakat Kadri's The Trial: Four Thousand Years of Courtroom Drama (Random House, 2006) contains another detailed examination of the subject. Kadri shows that the trials were part of a broader phenomenon that saw corpses and inanimate objects also face prosecution, and argues that an echo of such rituals survives in modern attitudes towards the punishment of children and the mentally ill.

Discovering American Heritage Through Tales of Urban Decay.

The story of New York's lost trolley network, a great American crime! Welcome to Tales of Urban Decay.

Long history shot = Centralia is a borough and near-ghost town in Columbia County, Pennsylvania, United States. Its population has dwindled from more than 1,000 residents in 1980 to 63 by 1990, to only five in 2017[9]—a result of the coal mine fire which has been burning beneath the borough since 1962. Centralia, which is part of the Bloomsburg-Berwick metropolitan area, is the least-populated municipality in Pennsylvania.[10] It is completely surrounded by Conyngham Township. All real estate in the borough was claimed under eminent domain in 1992 and condemned by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Centralia's ZIP code was discontinued by the Postal Service in 2002.[8] State and local officials reached an agreement with the seven remaining residents on October 29, 2013, allowing them to live out their lives there, after which the rights to their houses will be taken through eminent domain. (WNEP / Rivero, Nicolas)

Below the sewers and subways of Chicago, are over 60-miles of forgotten 19th and 20th century train tunnels. This mysterious labyrinth, once connecting the majority of the city's most prominent buildings. Has sat in abandonment and disarray for the better part of a century - today, we will uncover the forgotten story of the Chicago Tunnels. Around the turn of the century, the City of Chicago was one of the most congested urban spaces in the United States of America. Chaos, might even be the most proper word to describe it. Between the horse drawn carts, were street cars gridlocked by the pedestrians moving in every direction. And although the city attempted to alleviate these issues in 1892, with the introduction of elevated rapid transport, known locally as "the L" the foundation of the new track structure obstructed valuable curb areas otherwise useful for loading. On some streets, the train commuters indeed saved time - but cargo loading guaranteed lane blockage - reeking havok on the trolly cars making their way through out the loop. And as if that was not already enough to cause high blood pressure, factors were grossly compounded by another component known as coal. You see, Coal was a primary power source for Chicagoan's, and demand was abundant. Looking back, It's Almost ironic to consider that the city literally emerged from ash to become covered in ash. The delivery of coal was a massive element of the cargo logistics impeding the cities quality of life. Not only jamming up already overcrowded streets, but dirtying them with the removal of its byproduct - ash. Even the Chicago Tribune gave its warning in 1874, that the huge increase in factories, hotels, and new skyscrapers with their steam-powered elevators, was a serious problem. On journilist argued "So dense is this volume of smoke that, unless there is a brisk, stirring breeze, the whole of it settles down in the central part of the city and leaves its dirty imprint,". From todays prespetive, this type of commentary presents strong contrast to the tourist praised city of glorious architecture that we know today. Another example comes from, author Rud-yard Kip-ling who was quoted on Feb. 8, 1891 in simply saying that "Chicago's air is dirt". News paper editors crusaded tirelessly against the "smoke horror." Proclaiming that "The city will shortly be blackened in appearance, new as it is, and grow unhealthier". And although there was not a great solution for the so called "air of dirt" - containment of the ash and resulting congestion of the street could be addressed by moving it all 40 feet underground. I'm your host Ryan Socash and your watching - IT'S HISTORY. The History of The Chicago Tunnels This story's orgins began Under the watchful eye of chief engineer George W. Jackson, As the Illinois Telephone and Telegraph company built the first 26 miles of tunnel to hold telegraph and telephone cables. In 1899, a narrow-gauge railway was laid with in the tunnels with excavation. However, the project stalled after the Company ran out of money. And this is when things became interesting. In 1905, the Illinois Tunnel Company took over construction, expanding the network to 60 miles and On July 7, 1905, an 11-car train was dispatched from the Erie freight house - marking the starting a new era.

Today you will hear about how Hannibal with his army fell into an ambush and how in unusual way they got out. Will Fabius Maximus - a Roman dictator stop his plan? The Second Punic War is also full of fascinating episodes.

Themistocles - an Athenian politician, a prominent strategist and ... a fugitive. In this episode we will tell you the story of this extraordinary hero from Salamina who was forced to leave Athens in the last years of his life. How much does his life differ from its depiction in the movie "300: Rise of the Empire"?