Legacy

The war is won but the nation seems far from grateful as the election of 1945 sweeps Labour into power. But the Churchill phenomenon doesn’t stop and he’s back in Number 10 in 1951 as the new Queen Elizabeth’s first prime minister. Upon his death he receives a state funeral, but there were – and still are – many who question whether he truly was a national hero.

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It’s 1939 and Churchill has been proved right in his fervent opposition to appeasement of Hitler. German tanks have crossed the Polish border and Churchill is brought straight back into government. Now he is tasked with guiding the country through one of the biggest crises it has ever faced. How can the seemingly overwhelming Nazi threat be beaten into submission? If there was ever a time for self-belief, this is it.

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The First World War sees Churchill as confident as ever in his role as First Lord of the Admiralty. But rash judgements – especially around the disastrous campaign in Gallipoli - cost thousands of lives. The UK press describes him as ‘a danger to the country’, he’s left out of Lloyd George’s cabinet and, at home, tragedy strikes. All the while he can see trouble brewing in Europe, but no one is listening to him...

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One of the most famous leaders of the twentieth century, Winston Churchill is far more than just WWII. The ‘pretty baby’, who as a boisterous boy fought for the attention of his aristocratic parents eventually emerged into adulthood as a soldier and war journalist. Soon he finds himself travelling through the Middle East and Africa - and risking his life. But will anyone back home notice?

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Arguably the most famous political assassination of the 20th century, the shooting of John F. Kennedy has ignited scores of conspiracy theories. Was Oswald really acting alone? Could the Soviets have been involved? The CIA?

And how does his infamous death affect how we view his legacy? Should he be remembered as charismatic proponent of civil rights who prevented nuclear world war? Or a womaniser who mishandled foreign affairs and was too slow to support the plight of African-Americans?

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For the White House and the Kremlin, the question of nuclear war is not if, but when. Newly-elected President John F. Kennedy is launched into proving his skills in international diplomacy. He faces a crisis in Cuba with the Bay of Pigs fiasco and must win over Krushchev in a crucial summit. Will his charm prevail now that he’s in the top job?

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As the Kennedys face tragedy after tragedy, JFK becomes aware that time may not be on his side. But soon things move fast for him: after winning a seat in Congress - and marrying Jackie in a wedding fit for a royal couple, he is propelled to the presidential candidacy. But there are two obstacles in his way: his Catholicism, and Richard Nixon.

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The son of a rich and prestigious family, John F. Kennedy’s childhood is seemingly idyllic. Yet his mother is strict and distant, and his father is openly a womaniser who resents John's frailty as a sickly child. But John is a fighter. He thrives at Harvard, and during World War Two, joins the navy. And it's there in the wake of a dramatic rescue mission, that he proves his heroism, setting him on the path to political success.

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Marilyn's death sparks grief, soul-searching and mystery - mystery that persists still to this day. Looking back at her legacy, how did Marilyn Monroe come to shape and define Hollywood, and America's views on sexuality, autonomy and feminism?

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This episode contains reference to suicide. If you or someone you know is struggling with mental health, help is available 24/7. Contact Samaritans on 116 123 or visit https://www.samaritans.org/.

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At the peak of her fame, Marilyn takes on the studios in a bid to control her own career. But her superstardom is threatened by her own insecurities, and her increasing reliance on drink and drugs.

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This episode features descriptions of alcohol and drug abuse. If you or someone you know is struggling with addiction, contact the support service Frank day or night by calling 0300 123 6600 from within the UK, or go to https://www.talktofrank.com/

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The struggling starlet is exploited by the powerful executives who run Hollywood. But Marilyn begins creating what will become the iconic Marilyn look which she'll use to her advantage to climb the industry ladder. But her ascent is jeopardised when a decision from her past threatens to create a scandal… and destroy everything she’s built so far.

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This episode contains discussion of sexual abuse and domestic violence. If you're in England or Wales and have been affected by any form of sexual abuse, support is available 24/7. Call 0808 500 2222 or visit https://247sexualabusesupport.org.uk. If you've been affected by domestic violence, support is available 24/7. Call 0808 2000 247 or visit https://refuge.org.uk/.

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The young Marilyn Monroe has a traumatic childhood in and out of foster homes. Watching movies is a precious escape from reality, but it’s not enough to shield her from a mentally unwell mother and absent father. But this is LA, the land of Hollywood, and life-changing opportunities. And soon she discovers she might have a place in front of the camera.

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This episode contains discussion of sexual abuse. If you're in England or Wales and have been affected by any form of sexual abuse, support is available 24/7. Call 0808 500 2222 or visit https://247sexualabusesupport.org.uk.

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More than a century after Rhodes' death students in South Africa and Britain thrust his name back into the spotlight. Should statues of colonialists like him be torn down? And, in Africa, how is Rhodes' legacy felt today?

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Rhodes deals with the fallout from the Jameson Raid as questions about his conduct reach the British parliament. He finds a new cause to further his ambition but years of ill-health are starting to catch up with him.

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Rhodes dashes back to Kimberley to be with his dying friend. He then redoubles his colonial efforts, using ruthless tactics to trick the indigenous population out of their land. But an ill-fated scheme to take on the Boers is about to hurt him.

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We've delved into the Legacy archives to bring back one of our most divisive characters: Cecil Rhodes. A sickly vicar’s son travels from England to Africa to join the diamond rush. Cecil Rhodes wants to make his fortune. But he also wants to extend the British Empire. Drama in his private life threatens to undermine both ambitions.

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Despite an assassination attempt, Bob Marley continues to spread political messages of peace, freedom and anti-colonialism throughout the world. But health issues from his childhood are catching up with him, and he'll have to confront a devastating diagnosis. Today, his face appears on t-shirts, lighters and posters around the world, but has his legacy become detached from the meaning behind his music?

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Songs like 'Get Up Stand Up' and 'No Woman, No Cry' garner international success for Bob Marley and the Wailers. Not only do people love the music, but they're also inspired by the freedom fighting messages within it. Yet as political tensions heat up in Jamaica, Marley's global stardom and revolutionary lyrics become a threat to his safety...

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Bob Marley, now in his early 20s and part of the newly-named band the Wailers rises to popularity in Jamaica. The band use their music to ask for peace on the island and beyond. But Bob's life is about to change when he's introduced to a new religion: Rastafari. And a special woman named Rita.

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Born in colonial-era Jamaica to a black teenage mum and an absent white dad, Bob Marley has a fractious childhood and is constantly moved around. But Bob dreams of making it big as a musician, whilst Jamaica dreams of independence. Can this small island boy make it big amongst the violence and chaos engulfing his home nation?

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Hoover wrote the playbook used by many of today's politicians, not least Donald Trump. What would Hoover make of today's political landscape? And how much did he shape it?

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FBI spying reaches new depths, as Hoover persecutes civil rights campaigner Dr Martin Luther King. But then a daring break-in exposes the FBI's tactics. 

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Rumours about Hoover's sexuality threaten to overshadow his work building the FBI into a credible crime fighting force. And although he's obsessed with information, he misses a key piece of intelligence, which could have changed the path of the Second World War.

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As a young boy, J Edgar Hoover strives for perfection and control. After a stint working at the Library of Congress he embarks on a career in law enforcement. But it's not long before his perfect image is threatened, and he needs to find someone to blame when things goes wrong. What happens next will set him on the path to becoming the founding director of the FBI - and one of the most controversial figures of the 20th century. 

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Stabbed in the back by her Tory allies, Thatcher is forced to wave goodbye to Number 10. She remains active in public life until declining health forces her to withdraw. Today, more than a decade after her death, her legacy continues to divide: for some, she is an icon of conservatism who revived the British economy; for others, the harbinger of increased inequality. Either way, Thatcher's legacy still defines British politics.

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Conflict is never far from Thatcher's politics - and life. She becomes locked in a year long bitter stand off with miners on strike over her planned closures. She doesn't give in either to the IRA. If anything - after surviving a near-miss assassination attempt, she is more resolute than ever in seeing through the changes she believes the country needs.

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As Britain's first female Prime Minister, Thatcher has made history. But she's off to a shaky start: her economic policies are unpopular and lead to riots across the country. It looks like her tenure might be cut short - until ... Argentina decides to invade the Falklands islands. 

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The daughter of a methodist shopkeeper, Margaret Thatcher has never believed in luck. She knows that together with her strength of character, hard work is what will bring her success. And soon enough, she proves herself one of the most formidable politicians the country has ever seen. 

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From Shakespeare to Netflix, Cleopatra's life and death has been told and retold. Siren seducer, serious scholar, powerful African queen - or all of the above? Untangling the real Cleopatra reveals as much about our own identities as hers.

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Cleopatra emerges victorious after a series of battles and sets sails across Egypt. She dazzles another great Roman, Mark Antony. But will her political ambitions be helped or hindered by him?

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Cleopatra's future hangs in the balance, but there is one person who could change her fate. He is Julius Caesar, the most powerful man in the world - and he's come to Egypt. If only she can convince him of her worth. 

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Cleopatra is born into a life of luxury - and violence. Beautiful and brilliant, the young queen of Egypt is still a teenager when she ascends the throne - but it's not long before she's betrayed by those closest to her. 

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Alan Turing’s life is tragically cut short. And his crucial impact during the war remains unknown for years. But in the 21st century, his legacy in Artificial Intelligence is more relevant than ever and so is his identity as a queer man. How should we reassess the legacy of Alan Turing?

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Turing returns to a normal social life after the war, where he is open about his sexual orientation with his friends. Until a burglary turns everything upside down and Turing faces the reality of being criminalised for who you love. Will Turing survive this?

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The stakes are high for Turing and his team of codebreakers as they try to decrypt Nazi messages. Known as “Prof”, Turing and his eccentricities are central to life at Bletchley Park during the Second World War. Will he and his team be able to turn the tide in Britain’s favour?

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A curious bookish boy, Alan Turing is already an outsider at a young age. But at Cambridge, he comes up with an idea that shapes the foundation of computer science. His genius will later alter the course of the Second World War. But Turing's personal life will destroy his reputation for generations to come.

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The tide is turning for Nina Simone. A new generation falls in love with her music, she's reconciled with her daughter and her mental health has recovered. But alongside the civil rights movement, Nina's significance as an activist is forgotten until recent events in the US give them new relevance.

You can listen to the songs mentioned in this series here: https://music.amazon.co.uk/playlists/B0CVXPPT7G or search 'Nina Simone: The Legacy Playlist' in the Amazon Music app.

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Amidst marital and financial problems, Nina escapes the US for an eclectic life abroad - finding love in Barbados, happiness in Liberia, and a better education for her daughter in Switzerland. But mental health struggles soon come to the fore and before soon Nina Simone will reach a new low.

You can listen to the songs mentioned in this series here: https://music.amazon.co.uk/playlists/B0CVXPPT7G or search 'Nina Simone: The Legacy Playlist' in the Amazon Music app.

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Nina Simone's star is rising - however cracks in her personal life are starting to show. Meanwhile, the civil rights movement is catching up with her. Where does she stand in the midst of this? And will she be on the right side of history?

You can listen to the songs mentioned in this series here: https://music.amazon.co.uk/playlists/B0CVXPPT7G or search 'Nina Simone: The Legacy Playlist' in the Amazon Music app.

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Born in the Jim Crow South, Nina Simone's talent is obvious from an early age. She dreams of becoming the first black classical pianist but after a life-changing rejection, she has no choice but to reinvent herself...

You can listen to the songs mentioned in this series here: https://music.amazon.co.uk/playlists/B0CVXPPT7G or search 'Nina Simone: The Legacy Playlist' in the Amazon Music app.

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Under Gorbachev's leadership the once sprawling empire that was the Soviet Union collapses. Is this his true legacy? Or was it all inevitable? And with present day Russia looking to the past for glory, what lessons can we learn from history's last Soviet leader? 

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On a spring morning in 1986 one of the most catastrophic events in global history occurs - Chernobyl. It brings chaos to the environment, chaos to Europe and chaos to Mikhail Gorbachev's premiership. Will he survive this?

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With the levers of power now in his control, Gorbachev steps out on the international stage with one aim: to avoid a nuclear war. He forges a new relationship with US President Reagan, but will it be enough to remove the shadow of armageddon? 

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Shaped by the brutality of the Stalin regime, Gorbachev’s childhood was one of poverty and hardship. But the communist system also works to his strengths, and allows him to reach the very top. All along, he remains a true believer but knows change must happen.  

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A bombshell memoir by a former lover annoys and embarrasses Picasso in his final years. But it is only half a century after his death that his misogyny is seen as truly problematic. And leaves many now grappling with how to separate the art from the artist.

Artwork:

The Woman in a Chair, Pablo Picasso (1948)

Seated Woman in Green, Pablo Picasso (1953)

Self Portrait Facing Death, Pablo Picasso (1972)

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Death is ever more present in Picasso’s work, as horrific events in his home country inspire him to create one of the defining paintings of the 20th century. Meanwhile his own mortality weighs on him as he approaches old age.

Artwork:

Guernica, Pablo Picasso (1937)

The Weeping Woman, Pablo Picasso (1937)

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Picasso finds inspiration in an unlikely setting and changes art forever. He also finds his first muse, then his second... and then his third - leaving a trail of suffering behind him.

Artwork:

Family of Acrobats with Monkey, Pablo Picasso (1905)

Portrait of Gertrude Stein, Pablo Picasso (1905-6)

The Young Ladies of Avignon, Pablo Picasso (1906)

Olga in an Armchair, Pablo Picasso (1917)

The Dream, Pablo Picasso (1932)

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His father wants him to become a great classical painter, but teenage Pablo Picasso has other ideas. He joins the heady bohemia of Barcelona and Paris, where tragedy transforms his art and puts him on the road to fame.

Artwork:

The Little Yellow Picador, Pablo Ruiz Picasso (1889)

The First Communion, Pablo Ruiz Picasso (1896)

La Vie, Pablo Picasso (1903)

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More than a century after Rhodes' death students in South Africa and Britain thrust his name back into the spotlight. Should statues of colonialists like him be torn down? And, in Africa, how is Rhodes' legacy felt today?

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Rhodes deals with the fallout from the Jameson Raid as questions about his conduct reach the British parliament. He finds a new cause to further his ambition but years of ill-health are starting to catch up with him.

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Rhodes dashes back to Kimberley to be with his dying friend. He then redoubles his colonial efforts, using ruthless tactics to trick the indigenous population out of their land. But an ill-fated scheme to take on the Boers is about to hurt him.

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A sickly vicar’s son travels from England to Africa to join the diamond rush. Cecil Rhodes wants to make his fortune. But he also wants to extend the British Empire. Drama in his private life threatens to undermine both ambitions.

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After escaping exile on Elba, Napoleon marches back to power. But the British Duke of Wellington is on his way to Waterloo to end the Napoleonic era. When the battle subsides, what’s left of Napoleon’s legacy? And what is his legacy today?

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Napoleon’s military success has cowed a continent but, in Russia, he meets almost unimaginable horror. He was defeated, he says, not by the Tsar, but by winter. His subjects aren’t so sure. And his enemies see an opportunity.

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It’s not enough for Napoleon to dominate France. He fights right across Europe before sweeping into Notre Dame, Josephine at his side, to claim an imperial crown, watched by Europe’s elite.

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A Corsican boy, an outsider, seizes his chance to make a name for himself when France is turned upside down by a long and bloody revolution. He’s relentless in his pursuit of power, and in the pursuit of one woman.

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Legacy lands Wednesday 15th November. Afua Hirsch and Peter Frankopan tell the wild stories of some of the most extraordinary men and women ever to have lived – and ask whether they have the rep they deserve.

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