Food

Between now and the end of the year, people all over the world will be enjoying all sorts of holiday feasts, eating lots of cookies, and maybe even enjoying a sugar plum or two. In other words: it's food season, baby! And we've got a piping hot bowl of science stew for you! Don't forget to save room for desert: a big slice of butt pie!

Head to https://www.patreon.com/SciShowTangents to find out how you can help support SciShow Tangents, and see all the cool perks you’ll get in return, like bonus episodes and a monthly newsletter!

And go to https://store.dftba.com/collections/scishow-tangents to buy your very own, genuine SciShow Tangents sticker!

A big thank you to Patreon subscriber Garth Riley for helping to make the show possible!

Follow us on Twitter @SciShowTangents, where we’ll tweet out topics for upcoming episodes and you can ask the science couch questions! 

While you're at it, check out the Tangents crew on Twitter: Ceri: @ceriley Sam: @im_sam_schultz Hank: @hankgreen

[Trivia Question]

Apple sweetness

https://www.nature.com/articles/srep44950

[Fact Off]

Yeast & vitamins advertising 

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9105273/

https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2018/12/28/675280193/how-a-little-science-and-a-lot-of-shady-advertising-boosted-yeasts-popularity

https://www.sciencehistory.org/distillations/magazine/the-healing-power-of-compressed-yeast

https://books.google.com/books?id=MUwfAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA411&dq=nutritional+yeast&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi2_KCv4vLeAhX4ITQIHQmcBCI4igUQ6AEIKTAA#v=onepage&q=nutritional%20yeast&f=false

https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015069802166&view=1up&seq=352

https://www.seriouseats.com/what-is-nutritional-yeast-nooch

Evolution of gourds

https://www.pnas.org/content/early/2015/11/11/1516109112

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/517382

https://insider.si.edu/2015/11/dull-mastadon-taste-buds-once-helped-pumpkins-wild-ancestor-thrive/

[Ask the Science Couch]

Shark digestive systems

https://german.bio.uci.edu/images/PDF/Leigh%20et%20al.%20(2017)%20RFBF_online.pdf

https://dlnr.hawaii.gov/sharks/anatomy/the-shark-inside/

http://scienceline.ucsb.edu/getkey.php?key=567

https://www.himb.hawaii.edu/ReefPredator/pH.htm

Vulture digestive systems 

https://www.wintuaudubon.org/tag/turkey-vulture/

https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-30216294

https://www.audubon.org/news/how-vultures-can-eat-rotten-meat-without-getting-sick

https://www.nature.com/articles/nature.2014.16345

Crocodile digestive systems

https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/full/10.1086/524150

https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/articles/1Hgcr4VrDNgG0RFdVYtH0H3/wonder-facts-crocodiles

https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn13285-super-size-me-alligators-reveal-digestive-trick/

https://academic.oup.com/icb/article/55/6/986/2363554

[Butt One More Thing]

Cow butt meat

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32526619/