EP036: The Two Powers in Heaven Controversy

In this episode, Ronn and Mike discuss the "Two Powers in Heaven" controversy that developed among Jewish rabbis in the early centuries after Christ. They begin by explaining how Judaism reacted both in favor of and also against the idea of Yahweh "sharing" his power with another being in the Old Testament. This then turns the conversation, of course, to the person of Jesus and how he was viewed by first century Christians. Was Jesus Christ Yahweh's "second power"? The conversation touches on relevant texts such as Daniel 7 and Exodus 24 before moving into key NT texts and their relationship to contemporary faith and theology.

Resources mentioned: Two Powers in Heaven: Early Rabbinic Reports about Christianity and Gnosticism by Alan Segal Boyarin, Daniel, “Two Powers in Heaven; or, The Making of a Heresy,” Pages 331-370 in The Idea of Biblical Interpretation: Essays in Honor of James L. Kugel. Leiden: Brill, 2003 The Glory of the Invisible God: Two Powers in Heaven Traditions and Early Christology (Jewish and Christian Texts) by Andrei Orlov Israel's LORD: YHWH as "Two Powers" in Second Temple Literature by David E. Wilhite, Adam Winn Two Powers in Judaism in Second Temple Texts w/Dr. Michael Heiser