24c: Old Kingdom Warfare (2024 Edition)

Before the Fall (c.2600—2200 BCE). Early Egyptians were fierce and active warriors. Our evidence for the Old Kingdom “army,” however, is scattered and fragmentary. Sifting through the pieces, however, we can reconstruct some elements of the early armed forces. In this episode, we explore royal texts that describe campaigns; pyramid art showing battles and soldiers training; and even images of siege warfare…

Episode Chapters:

1. Introduction 00:00
2. Dynasty IV Raids and Warriors 02:40
3. Army Organisation and Weapons 16:35
4. Battle Scenes of Unas and Ka-em-heset 26:28
5. Siege Scene of Inti 38:30

The History of Egypt Podcast:

• Website: www.egyptianhistorypodcast.com.
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• Intro music by Stephen Rippy from Age of Empires (1997).
• Outro music and interludes by Keith Zizza.
• Music and interludes by Luke Chaos.

Notable art and objects in museum collections:

• Archers from the reign of Khufu, MMA. See Goedicke 1971, MMA Open Access.
• Sahura training scenes: Published in El Awady 2009.
• Unas battle scene: First published by Selim Hassan 1938 (Archive.org).
• Siege scene of Khaemheset: First published in Quibell and Hayter 1927. Archive.org.
• Siege scene of Inti: See Shaw, Ancient Egyptian Warfare, 2019 (Pen & Sword). First published Petrie 1894. See also Kanawati and McFarlane 1993.
• Examples of pre-New Kingdom Egyptian weapons in museum collections:
• Wooden bows: Louvre, MMA (FIP or early MK).
• Arrows: MMA (FIP or early MK), Louvre (Pre-Dynastic), MFA (FIP or early MK), ROM (FIP).
• Maces: ROM (4th Dyn., Khafra), ROM (Pre-Dynastic), MMA (FIP or MK).
• Spearheads: Louvre (FIP), Louvre (12th Dyn.), MMA (MK).
• Axes: Louvre, (OK), Louvre (FIP), Louvre (MK).

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