Papaver Somniferum: The Opium Poppy

Recognized by its scientific name Papaver Somniferum, the Opium Poppy is an enchanting plant known for its visually appealing flowers, rich history, and the potent extract it yields. This eye-catching plant belongs to the Papaveraceae family and it finds its roots in the Eastern Mediterranean region. It is believed the plant was first cultivated almost 5,000 years ago in lower Mesopotamia (Southwest Asia). Today, it can be found in numerous countries worldwide. The Opium Poppy grows up to about 1 to 4 feet with a rectangular, stiff stem. Its leaves are simple, wide, clasping, are lobed and clad the stem alternatively, while its beautiful flowers bloom in summer. They might be single or double, and can carry a variety of colors ranging from white, to pink, or deep red. The petals radiate from a dark purple-black center composed of a raised, round stamen. As the blooming draws to a close, the petals fall, revealing a large, round seed capsule laden with many tiny seeds. This intriguing plant hides a secret within. The plant's seed pods contain a milky fluid that is rich in alkaloids, which is extracted and processed to produce drugs such as Morphine, Codeine, and Heroin. An interesting fact about the Opium Poppy is that it has been cultivated for centuries not only for its sedative properties but also for its seeds. Poppy seeds are utilized widely in various cuisines around the globe. They can be ground into paste for use in pastries and desserts, sprinkled on bread, or used for extraction of poppy seed oil. Irrespective of its narcotic properties, the Opium Poppy continues to mesmerize with its vivid flowers and intriguing roots in human history. A reminder that nature holds within her realms an array of secrets, some beautiful, others dangerous, and sometimes a fusion of both.