Universe Today Podcast

What happened to Starship during test flight 7? Astronomers see a black hole’s jets forming in real-time. Curiosity finds ripples of an ancient shore, and an insanely high-resolution image of Andromeda captured by Hubble.

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• 00:00 Intro
• 00:19 What happened to Starship during Flight 7
  • https://www.spacex.com/launches/mission/?missionId=starship-flight-7
• 02:25 Black Hole jets forming in real-time
  • https://www.universetoday.com/170504/black-hole-jets-seen-forming-in-real-time/
• 03:37 Flapping flag on the Moon
  • https://www.universetoday.com/170350/chinas-change-7-will-include-a-flag-that-will-flap-on-the-moon/
• 05:35 Super fast winds on an exoplanet
  • https://www.universetoday.com/170549/supersonic-winds-blowing-on-an-extreme-exoplanet/
• 06:55 Non-solo hot Jupiters
  • https://www.universetoday.com/170538/hot-jupiters-can-co-exist-with-other-planets/
• 08:19 Vote results
• 09:06 Predicting solar flares
  • https://www.universetoday.com/170547/coronal-loops-flicker-right-before-the-sun-unleashes-big-flares/
• 10:56 Why Mars has two different hemispheres
  • https://www.anu.edu.au/news/all-news/new-marsquake-data-could-help-solve-one-of-our-solar-systems-biggest-mysteries
• 12:35 Open water marks from Curiosity
  • https://www.universetoday.com/170532/curiosity-finds-ancient-wave-ripples-on-mars/
• 14:13 2.5 Billion pixels of Andromeda
  • https://www.universetoday.com/170498/hubble-takes-a-2-5-gigapixel-image-of-andromeda/
• 15:45 NIAC season

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How does JWST stay in L2 and not drift away? What is the wait calculation for Alpha Centauri? How can we use Jupiter's Lagrange points? Answering all these questions and more in this Q&A show.

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00:00 Start
00:26 How does JWST stay in L2?
02:57 What is the 'wait calculation' for Alpha Cen?
06:49 Why don't they just ... wear weights to compensate for low gravity?
08:57 Can two telescopes act as an Earth-sized binocular?
14:25 Why so few timelapses?
16:15 Can we do anything interesting at Jupiter's Lagrange points?

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To look for lifer in space we need to understand it. What fundamental boundaries does it have? What limits are imposed on life? Finding out in this interview.

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🟣 Guest: Dr Ricard Solé
https://santafe.edu/people/profile/ricard-sole

📜 Fundamental constraints to the logic of living systems
https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsfs.2024.0010

👉 More interviews:
This Element Is Critical for Extraterrestrial Life. And It's Not Carbon https://youtu.be/Ppc3zzMTJTs
What The Hell Is Life? And How Do We Search For It? https://youtu.be/Eaa_b2tkiKQ
What Happens If We Find Extraterrestrial Life? https://youtu.be/2_buH0GXFx8

• 00:00 Intro
• 01:26 Fundamental constraints
• 08:28 Information as a limiting factor
• 16:16 Fundamental logic of cell structure
• 23:25 Computer programming VS life
• 24:56 Limits for life
• 33:57 Current obsessions
• 38:16 Bonus part and more interviews

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Did we already contaminate Mars with life from Earth? When will we find the first intergalactic object? How do we know dark matter is in the center of the Milky Way? Answering all these questions and more in this Q&A show.

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• 00:00 Start
• 00:26 Did we already contaminate Mars?
• 06:42 When will we discover a first intergalactic object?
• 11:19 How do we know that dark matter in at the center of the Milky Way?
• 14:44 Biggest night sky events of 2025?
• 15:57 What's the Solar System's ecliptic orientation in our galaxy?
• 17:57 How many laps did the Sun make around the Milky Way?
• 19:00 How do astronomers use JWST?
• 21:40 Why don't more people work with the data from telescopes?

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We're used to look for life on exoplanets. But what if we're looking in the wrong place? Can life exist without a planet? Finding out in this interview.

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🟣 Guest: Dr. Robin Wordsworth
https://eps.harvard.edu/people/robin-wordsworth

📜 Self-sustaining living habitats in extraterrestrial environments
https://arxiv.org/pdf/2409.14477

00:00 Intro
00:59 Life on Earth
03:57 Life without a planet
27:32 Finding life with no planet
35:50 Terraforming Mars
35:50 Current obsessions
42:00 Bonus part and more interviews

📺 VIDEO VERSION
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The Gaia mission is over, New Glenn gets to orbit, SpaceX catches SuperHeavy but loses Starship, and we finally get an explanation for little red dots.

🚀 Ask your questions:
https://www.patreon.com/posts/patrons-send-in-120156795

• 00:00 Intro
• 00:18 Gaia is over
  • https://www.universetoday.com/170452/the-gaia-missions-science-operations-are-over/
• 02:51 SpaceX Starship IFT-7
• 04:53 Blue Origin New Glenn NG-1
  • https://www.blueorigin.com/news/new-glenn-ng-1-mission v
• 06:54 Double Moon Launch
  • https://skyandtelescope.org/astronomy-news/blue-ghost-lunar-lander-heads-to-the-moon/
• 08:16 Flares from Sgr A
  • https://www.universetoday.com/170444/astronomers-see-flares-coming-from-the-milky-ways-supermassive-black-hole/
• 09:58 Vote results
  • https://www.youtube.com/@frasercain/community
• 10:37 Explanation for the Little Red Dots
  • https://www.universetoday.com/170430/webb-provides-an-explanation-for-little-red-dots/
• 14:15 Origin of Earth's latest quasimoon
  • https://www.universetoday.com/170427/earths-temporary-moon-might-have-come-from-the-moon/
• 15:39 Observing the changing Universe
  • https://www.universetoday.com/170412/the-webb-shows-us-where-cosmic-dust-comes-from/
• 17:24 NIAC 2025
  • https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/stmd/niac/niac-2025-selections/
• 18:17 Guide to Space newsletter
• 18:57 Ask your questions

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Are there any other local groups of galaxies out there? Did the high temperature of the Universe create life? Will NASA be skipping the Moon for Mars? Answering all these questions and more in this Q&A.

🦄 Additional Overtime episode:
https://www.patreon.com/posts/overtime-audio-120001337

• 00:00 Start
• 00:25 Do we know of other 'local groups' of galaxies?
• 05:05 Did the temperature of the Universe create life?
• 08:37 What would be the first megaproject in space?
• 11:46 Can we move dirty production to the Moon?
• 16:09 Will NASA be skipping the Moon for Mars?

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How will the upcoming MAUVE telescope fit into the search for exoplanets? What science goals will it have? How will future instruments and telescopes help? Finding out in this interview.

🦄 Get the extra part for free here:

https://www.patreon.com/posts/bonus-interview-120079050

🟣 Guest: Dr. Emily Rickman
https://www.emilyrickman.com/

📜 MAUVE: Mission to Analyze the UltraViolet universE
https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.04164

👉 More interviews:

• Nancy Grace Roman's Coronagraph https://youtu.be/HXZMRagv66M
• Habitable Worlds Observatory's Coronagraph https://youtu.be/pk9dLIw3IEM
• Searching for planets around red dwarf stars https://youtu.be/p8X_qrtxPm8
• Plato mission https://youtu.be/TofP5yeqNLg
• Gaia mission https://youtube.com/live/iHcLBZaC5x4

• JWST & Quantum Telescopes https://youtu.be/eXchT7mtEao

• 00:00 Intro

• 02:05 UV astronomy

• 08:21 What is MAUVE

• 18:28 Science goals

• 26:16 Future instruments

• 35:35 Current obsessions

• 40:21 Bonus part

• 41:03 More interviews

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When did the first terrestrial planets form? How can galaxies collide when the Universe is expanding? Do black holes have Lagrange points? Answering all these questions and more.

🦄 Support us on Patreon:
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• 00:00 Start
• 00:25 When would the first terrestrial planets have formed?
• 04:40 Did humanity stall with spaceflight?
• 11:44 If the Universe is expanding, how can galaxy crash into each other?
• 15:12 How can a teenager help in space exploration?
• 19:06 Do black holes have Lagrange points?
• 21:15 Can we watch alien TV?
• 24:53 Are we alone in the Universe?

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How can neutrinos help us find dark matter? How a 10-year search can give null results and what significance does it have? What's next for this direction? Finding out in this interview.

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00:00 Intro
01:34 Why Neutrinos
14:03 High energy VS low energy search
17:04 Bonus Part: Null results
18:15 What's next
32:27 Current obsessions
34:54 More interviews

📺 VIDEO VERSION
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We’ve got two new options for NASA’s Mars Sample Return Mission, an explanation for why Mars can get planet-wide dust storms, stealing secrets from Conan the Bacterium, and we could see a really bright comet next week.

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• 00:00 Intro
• 00:18 Two options for Mars Sample Return mission
  • https://www.universetoday.com/170329/nasa-lays-out-two-new-options-for-mars-sample-return/
• 03:45 Global dust storms on Mars
  • https://www.universetoday.com/170270/new-study-explains-how-mars-dust-storms-can-engulf-the-planet/
• 05:19 Mimicking a super-bacteria
  • https://www.universetoday.com/170266/this-superbacteria-can-withstand-enough-radiation-to-kill-a-person/
• 06:50 Origin of the Pluto Charon system
  • https://www.universetoday.com/170313/heres-how-pluto-and-charon-became-a-bizarre-double-planet/
• 08:55 Vote results
• 09:31 Loosing the night sky to satellites
  • https://www.universetoday.com/170339/astronomers-are-losing-the-night-sky-and-radio-sky-to-satellite-megaconstellations/
• 12:21 Bright Comet incoming
  • https://www.universetoday.com/170008/will-comet-g3-atlas-perform-at-perihelion/
• 13:59 Tree big launches
• 16:03 Guide to space
• 16:40 Mystery with ads

📺 VIDEO VERSION
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Can the government really hide any unwanted UFO incidents? Is NASA avoiding looking for life? How will Hubble Tension help science?

🦄 Additional Overtime episodes:
https://www.patreon.com/posts/overtime-audio-q-119511175

• 00:00 Start
• 00:25 Can government really hide any unwanted UFO incidents?
  
• 05:11 Is NASA avoiding looking for life?
• 11:21 How will Hubble Tension help science?
• 16:52 What happens when we reach The Great Attractor?

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Searching for life is complicated. Which elements are critical and which ones are not? Which can we count as biosignatures and which can occur without life? Which role does Phosphorus play in all that?

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00:00 Intro
01:36 Phosphorus and Earth life
21:42 Biosignatures and Phosphorus
38:00 Bonus part: Underwater Biology
38:51 Current obsessions
45:04 Final thoughts

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This is a bonus part for the interview with Harry Brodsky where he talks about his underwater research experience.

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📺 Full Interview
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What happens if we find the true origin of life? What space things should you look forward to in 2025? Can a tidally locked planet qualify as Earth 2.0? Answering all these questions and more in this Q&A show.

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• 00:00 Start
• 00:25 What would happen if we found out where life came from?
• 03:58 What to look forward to in 2025?
• 07:38 Can a tidally locked exoplanet qualify as Earth 2.0?
• 14:26 Is there an island of stability out there?
• 17:06 Tesla Bots on Mars?

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NASA is working on an even bigger Mars helicopter, is dark energy just an illusion?, a particle that only has mass when moving in one direction, and Parker Solar Probe completes its closest flyby of the Sun.

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• 00:00 Intro
• 00:15 Mars Chopper
• 02:07 Dark Energy Illusion
• 07:19 One Direction Particle
• 09:45 Parker Solar Probe touched the Sun
• 11:35 Vote results
• 12:38 Covering an asteroid with balls
• 14:37 Meteor shower
• 16:02 Cool Images
• 18:07 Guide to Space
• 18:40 Goal for 2025

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What will happen to Phobos and Deimos in Mars' orbit? What happens to different body parts in space? Could Venus be a better destination for human exploration than Mars? Answering all these questions and more in this Q&A show.

🦄 Additional Overtime episodes:
https://www.patreon.com/posts/overtime-audio-q-118616281

00:00 Start
00:24 What happens to Phobos and Deimos around Mars?
03:27 Does every part of your body become bigger in space?
05:47 Could Venus be a more favourable destination than Mars?
11:18 Which moon is my favourite?
14:26 When did it become okay to look for aliens as a scientist?
18:07 Why do we keep talking about an interplanetary future?

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All the best news stories from 2024 as voted by our viewers in Space Bites.

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• 00:00 Intro
• 01:09 January
• 02:36 February
• 04:02 March
• 05:44 April
• 08:23 May
• 10:40 June
• 13:12 July
• 16:03 August
• 19:47 September
• 22:17 October
• 26:11 November
• 28:39 December
• 31:11 Outro

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Where did Phobos and Deimos come from? Can we send a mission into a gas giant? How many exoplanets did Gaia detect? What is Canada's involvement in space exploration? Answering all these questions and more in this Q&A show.

🦄 Support us on Patreon:
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• 00:00 Start
• 00:28 How is Canada involved in space exploration?
• 03:25 How many exoplanets did Gaia detect?
• 06:21 How did Mars get its moons?
• 09:48 Will we ever send a mission into a gas giant or an ice giant?
• 14:01 Why do people mistake drones, stars, planes, etc. for aliens?
• 16:07 What determines the gravity on a planet?

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To find life outside of Earth we first need to understand what life even is. So, what is life? How can we go from understanding 'life as we know it' to 'life as we don't know it'? And how can we then search for it in the Universe?

More interviews:
👉 Venus Could Harbour Non-Water Based Life
https://youtu.be/wK9LWHNHuF4?si=zqq62dMbje2ZhfSc
👉 Exomoons. Can JWST Help Find Them?
https://youtu.be/umiMtQU3bMU?si=H5doB5PnzaSTr9Q4

🦄 Support us on Patreon:
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• 00:00 Intro
• 01:09 What is life?
• 09:35 Life as we (don't) know it
• 28:55 Technosignatures
• 36:30 Bonus extra interview
• 37:20 Current obsession
• 42:49 More interviews

📺 VIDEO VERSION
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More landers are going to the Moon; maybe TRAPPIST 1b has an atmosphere after all; Perseverance climbs up to the rim of Jezero Crater and a supermassive black hole rolls over onto its side.

🦄 Support us on Patreon:
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• 00:00 Intro
• 00:14 2 Landers 1 Rocket
• 03:02 Trappist-1b atmosphere update
  • https://www.universetoday.com/170140/one-of-the-most-interesting-exoplanets-just-got-even-more-interesting/
• 05:03 No magma ocean for Io
  • https://www.universetoday.com/170123/new-research-suggests-io-doesnt-have-a-shallow-ocean-of-magma/
• 08:00 Eat. Rest. Repeat
  • https://www.cam.ac.uk/research/news/massive-black-hole-in-the-early-universe-spotted-taking-a-nap-after-overeating
• 10:07 Binary star near Sgr A
  • https://www.eso.org/public/news/eso2418/
• 11:46 Black hole on its side
  • https://www.nasa.gov/universe/black-holes/nasa-finds-sideways-black-hole-using-legacy-data-new-techniques/
• 13:14 Vote results
  • https://www.youtube.com/@frasercain/community
• 13:56 Progress for Nancy Grace Roman
  • https://www.nasa.gov/missions/roman-space-telescope/nasa-successfully-integrates-roman-missions-telescope-instruments/
• 15:12 Rim of the Jezero crater
  • https://www.universetoday.com/170103/nasas-perseverance-rover-reaches-the-top-rim-of-the-jezero-crater/
• 16:55 ISS Astrophotography from Don Petit
  • https://www.universetoday.com/170146/astronaut-don-pettit-is-serious-he-rigged-up-astrophotography-gear-on-the-iss/
• 19:15 Last minute gift

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How bright would the Moon be if it was covered with ice not regolith? How does spaghettification happen near black holes? How will the human body adapt to Mars's gravity after the long journey? Answering all these questions and more in the Q&A show.

🦄 Get the additional Overtime audio episodes:
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00:00 Start
00:26 How will our body adapt to Mars after the long journey to it?

04:06 How does spaghettification happen near black holes?
07:55 Could advanced civilizations ignite stars?
10:53 How can we be in the center of a hot bubble with multiple supernovae?
13:35 What would happen if the Moon was covered with ice?

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Ion engines can be a very efficient way to travel not only through our Solar System but even beyond. What kinds of ion engines are there? How are they different? What kind of missions can we expect? Finding out in this interview.

🦄 Get the extra part for free here:

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🟣 Guest: Dr. Dan Fries
https://engr.uky.edu/people/dan-fries

📜 Advanced Electric Propulsion Systems with Optimal Specific Impulses for Fast Interstellar Precursor Missions
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/385172298_Advanced_Electric_Propulsion_Systems_with_Optimal_Specific_Impulses_for_Fast_Interstellar_Precursor_Missions

• 00:00 Intro
• 01:20 What are ion engines
• 11:49 Possible Missions
• 18:15 Solar gravitational lens
• 30:42 Interstellar travel
• 34:04 Bonus part
• 35:10 Current obsessions
• 38:19 More interviews

📺 VIDEO VERSION
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Will we have a space base on Phobos? Will hibernation help us to cope with long-distance space travel? How will Starship be returning from Mars? Answering all these questions and more in the Q&A show.

🦄 Support us on Patreon:
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• 00:00 Start
• 00:24 Why not build a space station at Phobos?
• 02:33 How long would it take for live to evolve to human level again?
• 05:23 How to cope with radiation during long-distance space travel?
• 09:58 How will humans get back from Mars on a Starship?
• 15:01 Will hibernation help us survive during space travel?

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We finally learn why Ingenuity crashed. Gaia is nearing the end of its life. NASA is planning cargo deliveries to the Moon. And a twin of the Milky Way, seen in infancy by Webb.

🦄 Support us on Patreon:
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• 00:00 Intro
• 00:15 Why Ingenuity crashed
• 02:58 End of Gaia
• 05:52 Cargo missions for the Moon
• 07:34 Mass of the Milky Way
• 09:13 Vote results
• 09:47 Solar flares
• 12:30 Cosmic rays
• 14:47 Milky Way's early twin
• 16:25 Humanity's first quasar
• 17:56 Interviews

📺 VIDEO VERSION
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How can one fight light pollution? What will happen to space exploration in our modern political climate? Why doesn't Venus lose its atmosphere without a magnetosphere? Answering all these questions and more in this Q&A show.

🦄 Get the additional Overtime audio episodes:
https://www.patreon.com/posts/overtime-audio-q-117715009

• 00:00 Start
• 00:23 How can Venus hang on to its atmosphere without a magnetic field?
• 02:17 What will happen to space exploration?
• 08:45 Would we see a Sgr A quasar from Earth if it became one?
• 11:54 How to fight light pollution?
• 15:36 What's going on with the "Crisis in Cosmology"?

📺 VIDEO VERSION
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How don't comets lose all their mass really quickly? Where are all the photos of the Milky Way from the ISS? Can you reach out from orbit and poke a black hole with a stick? Answering all these questions and more in this Q&A show.

🦄 Support us on Patreon:
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• 00:00 Start
• 00:24 Comets and their tails
• 04:06 Where are the pictures of the Milky Way from the ISS?
• 08:36 Will the Sun's expansion bring the Moon closer to Earth?
• 11:27 Can you poke a black hole with a stick?
• 13:35 When did 'our' part of the Universe form?

📺 VIDEO VERSION
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Black Widow pulsars consume their partners. But if there were advanced alien species, it could be a perfect way to produce energy and move the stars around. They could also use pulsars as a global galactic navigation system. How exactly could they achieve it? Finding out in this interview.

🦄 Get the extra part for free here:

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🟣 Guest: Dr. Clément Vidal
https://www.clemvidal.com/

📜 The Spider Stellar Engine: a Fully Steerable Extraterrestrial Design?
https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.05038

📜 Pulsar Positioning System: A quest for evidence of extraterrestrial engineering
https://arxiv.org/abs/1704.03316

• 00:00 Intro
• 01:33 Stellarvore
• 07:48 Moving stars around
• 17:57 Technosignatures
• 25:17 Pulsar galactic navigation system
• 29:44 Messaging system
• 39:43 Noosphere
• 43:48 Bonus part
• 44:08 Current obsessions
• 46:43 Final thoughts

📺 VIDEO VERSION
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Trump announces his choice for the new NASA administrator, we’ve got a new date for Artemis III, Venus might have never had liquid oceans, and finding habitable planets around white dwarf stars.

🦄 Support us on Patreon:
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00:00 Intro
00:15 NASA's New Administrator
02:08 Delays for Artemis 2 and 3
05:09 More evidence for gravitational waves background
07:35 Venus' past
09:38 Potential habitable planets around white dwarfs
12:26 Vote results
12:51 Vera Rubin and interstellar visitors
14:18 Moon rescue mission
15:55 Galaxy cluster coming together
17:45 Jupiter at opposition
18:57 Gift for space enthusiasts

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Does building more JWSTs for different parts of the spectrum make sense? Are star types predetermined at their birth? Can you cook a pizza on the Sun? Why is the Sun's corona hotter than its surface? Are there binary supermassive black holes? Answering all these questions and more in this Q&A show.

🦄 More Q&A in the Overtime Audio:
https://patreon.com/universetoday

• 00:00 Start
• 00:25 Does it make sense to have JWST in a different spectrum?
• 04:07 Are star types determined at their birth?
• 07:50 Thoughts about the flat Earth?
• 09:57 Can we see the light from the Big Bang?
• 11:54 Are there binary supermassive black holes?
• 13:59 What would a pizza cooked directly on the Sun taste like?
• 15:17 Why is the corona of the Sun hotter that its surface?

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Who will pay for the next-generation space stations that follow the ISS? How much do rockets pollute? Did James Webb make the observable Universe bigger? Answering all these questions and more in this Q&A show.

🦄 More Q&A in the Overtime Audio:
https://patreon.com/universetoday

• 00:00 Start
• 00:26 Best place for a space factory?
• 05:21 Can stars and planets escape the Milky Way?
• 08:02 Did JWST make the observable universe bigger?
• 09:58 Do rockets pollute a lot?
• 13:36 Does it make sense to build a new space station?
• 17:32 What came before the big bang?

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Dragonfly is taking a Falcon Heavy to Titan, What’s inside Uranus?, Russia’s cargo ship delivers a stinky smell to the station, and testing robots to go under the ice on Europa.

🦄 Support us on Patreon:
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• 00:00 Intro
• 00:15 A ride for Dragonfly
  • https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/nasa-awards-launch-services-contract-for-dragonfly-mission/
• 01:30 Inside Uranus
  • https://news.berkeley.edu/2024/11/25/a-clue-to-what-lies-beneath-the-bland-surfaces-of-uranus-and-neptune/
• 03:51 Europa Clipper unrolls its instruments
  • https://www.nasa.gov/missions/europa-clipper/nasas-europa-clipper-millions-of-miles-down-instruments-deploying/
• 05:50 Robots for under the ice exploration
  • https://www.universetoday.com/169887/testing-the-robots-that-might-explore-europa/
• 06:56 Baby planet
  • https://www.universetoday.com/169863/astronomers-find-a-3-million-year-old-planet/
• 08:17 Vote results
• 08:49 Haolong haoloooong
  • https://www.universetoday.com/169703/chinas-proposed-cargo-shuttle-the-haolong-has-entered-development/
• 10:08 Russian spaceship stinks
  • https://arstechnica.com/space/2024/11/after-russian-ship-docks-to-space-station-astronauts-report-a-foul-smell/
• 10:50 Sombrero galaxy by JWST
  • https://www.universetoday.com/169895/fantastic-new-image-of-the-sombrero-galaxy-from-webb/
• 11:42 Alien-like Jupiter
  • https://www.universetoday.com/169920/magnetic-tornado-is-stirring-up-the-haze-at-jupiters-poles/
• 13:21 SLS fireplace
  • https://www.universetoday.com/169912/the-holiday-fireplace-video-we-needed/
• 13:55 Questions for upcoming interviews

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Why don't comets run out of "tail fuel"? If Voyager crashes into something, can we tell it apart from a regular failure? What are the chances we will drive into a lava tube? Will satellite communication become dominant at some point? Answering all these and more in this Q&A show.

🦄 More Q&A in the Overtime Audio:
https://www.patreon.com/posts/overtime-audio-q-116788920

• 00:00 Start
• 00:37 How can comets leave tails for thousands of years without running out?
• 02:57 Can we detect a hit to a Voyager?
• 04:20 How possible would it be to drive into a lava tube on the moon?
• 05:44 More Space Bites from website authors?
• 09:52 Does Moon getting farther away impact tides on Earth?
• 11:34 Will satellite communications overtake traditional on-ground ones?
• 16:01 Can we protect a Moon colony with an artificial magnetic field?

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James Webb recently detected a new kind of exoplanet. It's a steam world. How did they find it and what does it mean for the future of exoplanet search? Finding out in this interview.

🦄 Get the extra part for free here:

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🟣 Guest: Eshan Raul

📜 JWST/NIRISS Reveals the Water-rich "Steam World" Atmosphere of GJ 9827 d
https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/2041-8213/ad6f00

• 00:00 Intro
• 01:47 The Steam World
• 10:49 Steam worlds VS Hycean worlds
• 14:38 Exoplanet research with JWST
• 17:04 Questions from Patrons
• 23:33 Where can we find more of them?
• 30:09 Bonus part
• 30:46 Current obsessions

📺 VIDEO VERSION
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JUMBOs, Jupiter Mass Binary Objects. Over 500 of them were detected in the Orion Nebula by JWST. But where did they come from? How did they form and why are they in binary pairs? My guest has a good guess about it.

🦄 Support us on Patreon:
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🟣 Guest: Jessica Diamond

📜Formation of Jupiter-Mass Binary Objects through photoerosion of fragmenting cores
https://arxiv.org/pdf/2410.09159

• 00:00 Intro
• 01:34 JUMBOs
• 14:02 Photoerosion
• 24:57 Questions from Patreon community
• 31:26 Side track
• 34:30 Final thoughts

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Where will the money come from for the next generation of space stations? Does NASA have plans for a gravity tractor experiment for the Apophis flyby? Which part of the Milky Way can we see? Can there be different types of black holes? Answering all these and more in this Q&A show.

🦄 More Q&A in the Overtime Audio:
https://patreon.com/universetoday

• 00:00 Start
• 00:37 Which part of the Milky Way can we see?
• 02:41 Will space stations be economically viable?
• 05:50 Are there different types of black holes?
• 06:58 Can you un-distort images instead of using adaptive optics?
• 11:53 How do we know that far away objects are still there?
• 13:12 Does NASA have plans for a gravity tractor experiment?
• 15:58 Best time to watch auroras in Alaska?
• 18:11 How does light from far away get to us?

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I just wrapped up an interesting conversation over at ‪DoomDebates‬ talking about the future of artificial intelligence, the Fermi Paradox, Great Filter, Grabby Aliens and more. Check it out and subscribe to the channel.

🦄 Support us on Patreon:
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📺 VIDEO VERSION
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If there is a faster-than-light spaceship, could we detect it? Can we use the Sun as a magnifying glass? Which telescope to get under $200? Can Juno meet Europa clipper? Answering all these questions and more in this week's Overtime Q&A.

🦄 Support us on Patreon:
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• 00:00 Start
• 00:18 Can we detect FTL spacecraft?
• 03:26 Good telescope for under $200?
• 05:51 Could we use the Sun as a magnifying lens?
• 06:50 Will Juno still be operational when Clipper and Juice arrive?
• 07:23 Why did SpaceX develop Mechazilla?
• 10:51 How can the Universe be infinite if it started in the Big Bang?

📺 VIDEO VERSION
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Starship completes its 6th flight test, Webb analyzes a star in another galaxy and confirms the Hubble tension, again, and a new explanation for the moons of Mars.

More interviews:
👉 Nobel Prize Winner Explains JWST vs The Crisis in Cosmology
https://youtu.be/hmJOz9qCk0M
👉 Explanation for the Webb's "Impossible" Galaxies
https://youtu.be/xPK9kF2tqfk

🦄 Support us on Patreon:
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• 00:00 Intro
• 00:14 Starship IFT-6
  • https://www.universetoday.com/169736/starships-booster-and-donald-trump-make-a-splash-at-sixth-flight-test/
• 03:47 Zoomed in star in another galaxy
  • https://www.universetoday.com/169830/the-first-close-up-picture-of-star-outside-the-milky-way/
• 05:20 Webb confirms Hubble Tension
  • https://www.universetoday.com/169619/james-webb-confirms-hubbles-calculation-of-hubbles-constant/
• 08:31 More monster galaxies
  • https://www.universetoday.com/169692/three-more-galactic-monster-ultra-massive-galaxies-found/
• 10:22 Vote results
• 11:03 Stars eating their planets
  • https://www.universetoday.com/169702/up-to-a-third-of-stars-ate-some-of-their-planets/
• 12:47 How Mars got its moons
  • https://www.nasa.gov/solar-system/planets/mars/making-mars-moons-supercomputers-offer-disruptive-new-explanation-2/
• 14:37 Repurposing Mars Express camera
  • https://www.universetoday.com/169092/how-scientists-repurposed-a-camera-on-esas-mars-express-mission/
• 16:07 Guide to space
• 16:45 Channel updates

📺 VIDEO VERSION
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We're still waiting for the results from JWST about the atmospheres on the TRAPPIST-1 planets. But is there a way for red dwarf planets to keep atmospheres on planets. Latest research seems to show that it might be possible.

🟣 Guest: Dr. Joshua Krissansen-Totton
https://depts.washington.edu/astrobio/wordpress/profile/joshua-krissansen-totton/

📜 The erosion of large primary atmospheres typically leaves behind substantial secondary atmospheres on temperate rocky planets
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-024-52642-6

🦄 Support us on Patreon:
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• 00:00 Intro
• 02:09 Problems with M dwarfs
• 11:22 Holding on to atmospheres
• 19:46 JWST observations
• 24:10 Habitable worlds observatory
• 32:40 Trappist-1 results wen?
• 40:22 More interviews

📺 VIDEO VERSION
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Should they teach conspiracy theories in schools? How can we preserve history? How restricted is JWST because of its sunshield? Answering all these questions and more in this week's Overtime Q&A.

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• 00:00 Start
• 00:26 Should conspiracy theories be taught in school?
• 08:13 How much does the sunshield block JWST?
• 10:19 How can we protect history?
• 14:27 Will we find ancient civilizations on other planets?
• 18:03 Why not use the proper name for the Sun and Moon?
• 18:55 Is there a Moon timezone?
• 19:56 Is the edge of the Observable Universe set by aliens?

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Will SpaceX be able to deliver Starship in time for Artemis? Will Elon and Donald cancel SLS and replace it with Falcon Heavy? Is there any chance for real competition with SpaceX? How serious is the space race with China? Finding out the answers in this interview.

🟣 Guest: Eric Berger
https://arstechnica.com/author/ericberger/

🦄 UT Extra: Future of Space Journalism
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📖 Eric Berger's New Book "Reentry: SpaceX, Elon Musk, and the Reusable Rockets that Launched a Second Space Age"
https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/205309521-reentry

• 00:00 Intro
• 01:12 Reentry and the rise of SpaceX
• 10:24 What happens to SLS
• 20:17 The state of Starship
• 30:45 Blue Origin and other competition
• 35:29 Space race with China
• 42:11 Questions from the Patreon Community
• 53:22 Current obsessions
• 55:11 Final thoughts

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Moon has a non-uniform bumpy gravitational field. We can use these anomalies to launch stuff off the surface of the Moon with electromagnetic launchers. How exactly can we do it? Finding out in this interview.

🟣 Guest: Dr. Pekka Janhunen
https://www.mpe.mpg.de/person/18090/2169

📜 Launching mass from the Moon helped by lunar gravity anomalies
https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.09616

📜 Terraforming the dwarf planet: Interconnected and growable Ceres megasatellite world
https://arxiv.org/pdf/2011.07487

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More interviews:
🌞 Solar Gravitational Lens with Slava Turushev:
https://youtube.com/live/lqzJewjZUkk?feature=share
🚀 Realistic Interstellar Travel with Andrew Higgins
https://youtu.be/SkGRVvA23qI
🏡 Asteroid Habitats with Adam Frank
https://youtu.be/Z-hH3-z56cg

• 00:00 Intro
• 02:51 Electrostatic sail updates
• 07:15 Launching stuff from the Moon
• 14:46 Finding trajectories
• 18:44 Practical applications
• 30:56 Mining Ceres
• 38:32 Future of humanity
• 42:53 More interviews

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Some good environmental news, the Roman Space Telescope gets its mirror, astronomers defy the zone of avoidance, and moving stars halfway across the Milky Way

📸 New Zealand Astrophotography Competition:
https://www.universetoday.com/169293/our-breathtaking-cosmos-new-zealand-astrophotography-winners-announced/

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• 00:00 Intro
• 00:14 Good news!
  • https://www.universetoday.com/169251/good-news-the-ozone-layer-hole-is-continuing-to-shrink/
• 02:41 Nancy Grace Roman gets its mirror
  • https://www.nasa.gov/missions/roman-space-telescope/telescope-for-nasas-roman-mission-complete-delivered-to-goddard
• 05:01 Leonides
  • https://www.universetoday.com/169124/is-an-off-year-leonid-outburst-in-the-cards-for-november/
• 06:27 Trash compactor
  • https://www.universetoday.com/169229/a-trash-compactor-is-going-to-the-space-station/
• 07:43 Astronomers defy the Zone of Avoidance
  • https://www.universetoday.com/169287/astronomers-defy-the-zone-of-avoidance-to-find-hundreds-of-new-galaxies/
• 10:07 Finding black holes by their light echoes
  • https://www.universetoday.com/169227/using-light-echoes-to-find-black-holes/
• 11:33 Vote results
• 12:11 Life under ice on Mars
  • https://www.universetoday.com/169296/how-life-could-live-under-the-ice-on-mars/
• 13:46 Stellar engine
  • https://www.universetoday.com/169255/a-spider-stellar-engine-could-move-binary-stars-halfway-across-a-galaxy/
• 16:08 Habitable worlds observatory
• 17:05 More space news stories
• 17:49 New Zealand astrophotography competition

📺 VIDEO VERSION
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🟣 Guest: Dr. Sebastian Rabien
https://www.mpe.mpg.de/person/18090/2169

📜 Membrane Space Telescope: Active Surface Control with Radiative Adaptive Optics
https://arxiv.org/pdf/2410.07741

• 00:00 Intro
• 02:27 Adaptive optics in space
• 05:17 Membrane-based telescopes
• 22:48 Taking membrane telescopes to space
• 32:54 A practical next step
• 34:02 Questions from patrons
• 36:54 Working with ELT
• 44:30 More interviews

📺 VIDEO VERSION
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How fast can the Earth spin before it starts tearing itself apart? Should we be worried about samples from Mars contaminating Earth? Why don't space agencies use standardized platforms for their missions to save costs?

00:00 Start
01:05 How fast can the Earth spin not to tear apart?
05:19 Is bringing samples from space objects dangerous?
09:56 Can we make space probes standard?
14:34 Why is it so hard to go to other star systems?
19:01 What happens to time dilation in an Alcubierre drive?
21:32 Can our Oort cloud exchange material with Alpha Cen?
24:05 How would true colour images of exoplanets look like?
26:19 Are goofy thumbnails the zeitgeist of science channels?
29:41 Electromagnetic mass drivers on the Moon?
33:31 How long can satellites stay in orbit?
36:09 Why we don't expect life around M dwarf stars?

📺 VIDEO VERSION
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Another Starship flight is right around the corner, how to make space telescopes insanely thin, a black hole feeding faster than it should, and plans to build your own radio telescope

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• 00:00 Intro
• 00:13 Starship IFT-6 Launch Date
• 03:27 Satellite surviving a collision
• 05:12 Ultra-thin space telescopes
• 07:42 Aftermath of a neutron star collision
• 09:48 Steam world
• 11:25 Vote results
• 11:58 Black hole that's eating too fast
• 13:33 The end for Skylon?
• 15:39 Build your own telescope
• 17:16 Guide to Space
• 17:59 Questions for the interviews

📺 VIDEO VERSION
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00:00 Start
00:27 [Alaris] How loud was the Big Bang?
04:06 [Ardena] Can black holes become neutron stars again?
07:35 [Asuria] Why send missions to Europa, not Enceladus?
12:17 [Belote] Will humans feel weird on a planet spinning opposite to Earth?
13:33 [Belsa] Did we see globular clusters gain or lose stars?
15:40 [Cartego] What would a Moon or Mars cars look like?
19:03 [Chulak] Can Ganymede and Titan be considered planets?
21:51 [Dakara] How loud would the Sun be?
22:40 [Edora] Can we use lasers for solar sails?
27:30 [Goronak] How does mass cross the event horizon?
30:28 [Hadante] How do we predict the lifetime of stars?
33:45 [Hebridan] Could we send mass to space to change our orbit and stop global warming?

📺 VIDEO VERSION
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Is this Event Horizon image accurate? Webb scans Vega for planets, another problem with Voyager 1, and a supernova space dandelion.

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• 00:00 Intro
• 00:13 Retake for the Sgr A image?
  • https://www.universetoday.com/169025/the-milky-ways-supermassive-black-hole-photo-might-need-a-retake/
• 02:32 Scanning Vega for planets
  • https://www.universetoday.com/169041/webb-scans-vega-for-planets/
• 04:20 "Alien signal" decoded
  • https://www.universetoday.com/169047/remember-that-alien-signal-sent-by-the-exomars-orbiter-last-year-its-just-been-decoded/
• 06:00 NASA's solar sail damaged
  • https://futurism.com/the-byte/nasa-solar-sail-spacecraft-damaged-spinning
• 07:47 New problems for Voyager-1
  • https://blogs.nasa.gov/voyager/2024/10/28/after-pause-nasas-voyager-1-communicating-with-mission-team/
• 09:48 Vote results
• 10:28 Sub-surface ocean on Miranda
  • https://www.universetoday.com/169058/theres-another-ocean-moon-candidate-uranus-tiny-moon-miranda/
• 12:23 Titan's icy crust
  • https://www.universetoday.com/169048/titan-may-have-a-methane-crust-10-km-thick/
• 14:08 Space Dandelion
  • https://www.universetoday.com/169031/this-ancient-supernova-remnant-looks-like-a-stellar-dandelion/
• 16:04 The Guide to Space
• 16:45 Remote telescope testing

📺 VIDEO VERSION
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How hard can it be to retrieve a sample from Europa? How strong are the winds on Titan? What are the differences between different types of time dilation? Will Starship have landing legs? Answering all these questions and more in this week's Q&A show.

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• 00:00 Start
• 00:29 [Alaris] What are the weird rocket noises?
• 04:54 [Ardena] Could we be forever trapped on Earth because of its spin?
• 08:29 [Asuria] How to take pictures of auroras?
• 11:54 [Belote] How big is the Solar System?
• 15:16 [Cartego] How hard would it be to do a sample return from Europa?
• 21:37 [Chulak] Why worry about contaminating space probes?
• 25:25 [Dakara] What are the plans to explore lava tubes on Moon/Mars?
• 28:36 [Edora] How strong are the winds on Titan?
• 30:32 [Goronak] Will there be legs of Starships that go to Moon and Mars?
• 31:51 [Hadante] What are the chances of Europa Clipper finding plumes and sampling them?
• 34:20 [Hebridan] Any news on Starshot?

📺 VIDEO VERSION
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What comes after the International Space Station, first results from Euclid, there’s hope for the TRAPPIST-1 planets, and a triple star system with a black hole.

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• 00:00 Intro
• 00:14 Vast Heaven-2
  • https://www.vastspace.com/haven-2
• 03:38 First results from Euclid
  • https://www.universetoday.com/168912/check-out-this-sneak-peek-of-the-euclid-missions-cosmic-atlas/
• 05:49 Laser communication
  • https://www.universetoday.com/168954/nasa-achieves-impressive-bandwidth-with-its-new-laser-communications-system/
• 08:28 Mirrors for LISA
  • https://www.universetoday.com/168976/nasa-is-building-telescopes-for-the-lisa-mission/
• 09:46 Hope for TRAPPIST-1
  • https://www.washington.edu/news/2024/10/23/rocky-planets-orbiting-small-stars-could-have-stable-atmospheres-needed-to-support-life/
• 11:25 Triple system with a black hole
  • https://www.caltech.edu/about/news/first-black-hole-in-a-triple-star-system-found
• 13:10 Vote results
• 14:23 Particle accelerator at the center of the Milky Way
  • https://www.universetoday.com/168982/theres-a-particle-accelerator-at-the-center-of-the-milky-way/
• 16:43 Heat shields for different atmospheres
  • https://www.universetoday.com/168977/testing-heat-shields-for-different-atmospheres/
• 19:03 Guide to space
• 19:36 Return of Virtual Star Parties

📺 VIDEO VERSION
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We know that stars start with a cloud of gas and then turn into a glowing ball. But how exactly does this process happen? How do stars turn on? Astronomers have been using JWST to find out.

🟣 Guest: Adam Rubinstein

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• 00:00 Intro
• 02:39 Young stars
• 11:55 Going from not-a-star to a star
• 14:22 JWST data
• 33:51 Working with JWST
• 45:54 Current obsessions
• 50:12 Final thoughts

📺 VIDEO VERSION
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Can there be Dark Energy detectors? When will Sgr A start shrinking? Should the Prime Directive apply to Mars? Can we bring a proper observatory in space? Answering all these questions and more in this week's Q&A show.

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00:00 Start
00:29 [Alaris] What about Dark Energy detectors?
08:40 [Ardena] Why don't we see different constellations during the year?
11:15 [Asuria] When will Sagittarius A start shrinking?
13:42 [Belote] Can we build a space station observatory?
18:44 [Belsa] How do we see objects falling into black holes?
20:14 [Cartego] How will interstellar communication work?
21:48 [Chulak] Should the Prime Directive apply to Mars?
26:18 [Dakara] Does Mars have meteors from Earth?
27:32 [Edora] Why do comets leave tails?
29:03 [Goronak] Can black holes explode?
30:43 [Hadante] Does liver damage make Mars trips impossible?

📺 VIDEO VERSION
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Starship takes its fifth test flight, Europa Clipper launches successfully, China’s science plans from now until 2050, and Jupiter’s jiggly Great Red Spot.

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• 00:00 Intro
• 00:14 Starship IFT-5
• 03:11 Europa Clipper launch
• 06:41 Uranus seen from both sides
• 08:41 China's space plans
• 11:06 Jiggling Great Red Spot
• 13:08 Vote results
• 13:56 Possible Volcanic exomoon
• 15:41 Giant cluster spitting out stars
• 17:37 Axiom's spacesuit design
• 18:44 Guide to Space

📺 VIDEO VERSION
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What's the best way to do science communication? Will Jupiter expand when the Sun dies? How would aliens experience their environment? Can New Horizons get new targets in future? Answering all these questions and more in this week's Overtime Q&A.

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• 00:00 Start
• 00:59 How can Hawking radiation escape a black hole?
• 03:47 Will Jupiter also expand when the Sun expands?
• 05:08 Why don't astronomers use the exoplanet names?
• 07:05 Will the Indians beat everyone to the Moon?
• 08:11 Do I feel threatened by ChatGPT?
• 10:28 What's the best way to do science communication?
• 11:48 How would aliens experience their environment?
• 14:19 Is the surface of the Moon littered with minerals?
• 15:43 What is the Universe orbiting?
• 16:03 Will New Horizons find new targets?
• 16:44 Would I go back to school to become an astronomer?
• 17:31 What are China's plans for the Moon?
• 20:07 Thoughts on the newer aerospike engines?
• 21:53 Should we spread life in the Solar System?
• 23:16 What are my favorite moons?

📺 VIDEO VERSION
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SpaceX caught Super Heavy with Mechazilla. Starship survived re-entry and did a precise landing in the ocean. How did they do that? What does it mean for SpaceX? What to expect from IFT-6 now?

📺 Scott Manley:
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📺 Marcus House:
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🚀 IFT-4 Analysis: https://youtu.be/ecMlV4W_CLU
🚀 IFT-3 Analysis: https://youtu.be/EVic941kQ44
🚀 IFT-2 Analysis: https://youtu.be/ReXZvXPak4U
🚀 IFT-1 Analysis: https://youtu.be/RGcdjJj-f4g

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• 00:00 Intro
• 01:05 Flight 5
• 02:25 Initial plan for the test
• 03:54 Liftoff
• 05:50 Hot staging
• 10:04 Super Heavy catch
• 16:01 What were the odds
• 20:38 Future versions of Starship
• 23:42 Starship's re-entry and splashdown
• 37:38 The aftermath
• 42:28 Flight 6
• 58:11 Final thoughts

📺 VIDEO VERSION
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A new spacecraft is going to look at the aftermath from the DART mission, the Milky Way is part of a much, much larger structure, an early galaxy that’s similar to the Milky Way, and Starship test flight five could be just around the corner.

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• 00:00 Intro
• 00:16 Nancy Grace Roman tests
• 02:09 Hera mission launched
• 04:02 Milky Way part of a much larger structure
• 06:12 Earliest spiral galaxy
• 07:19 JWST looks at Charon
• 09:50 Vote results
• 10:29 Water on the Moon
• 12:44 Super compact triple star system
• 14:02 Starship Flight 5 coming soon
• 16:22 Guide to Space

📺 VIDEO VERSION
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How old is the Universe? Why do no missions go to Mars' ice poles? What does X-37B actually do? Why not abandon the SLS? Can Starship solve the problems Starlinks create? Answering all these questions and more in this week's Q&A.

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• 00:00 Start
• 00:39 [Alaris] How old is the Universe?
• 08:12 [Ardena] Why do no missions go to Mars' ice poles
• 11:04 [Asuria] What's the distance limit of a black hole's influence?
• 13:37 [Belote] What does X-37B actually do?
• 16:06 [Belsa] Why not abandon the SLS?
• 21:37 [Cartego] Is the Universe infinite or finite?
• 23:49 [Chulak] What's going on with Europa clipper?
• 27:45 [Dakara] Can Starship solve the problems Starlinks create?
• 31:53 [Edora] How often does the Earth capture another moon?

📺 VIDEO VERSION
https://youtu.be/ZUw7HvtRZfc

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Planets at Bernard’s Star, Chinese lunar spacesuits, Voyager 2 Has to power down one of its instruments, and a comet seen from space.

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• 00:00 Intro
• 00:12 Planets found around the Barnard's star
• 02:13 Asymmetrical exoplanet
• 03:26 Crew Dragon's propulsive landing
• 04:29 Views from Polaris Dawn
• 05:11 China's new lunar spacesuits
• 06:25 ISS leaks. Again.
• 07:51 Vote results
• 08:26 Voyager-2 turns off one more instrument
• 10:10 Space balloon test
• 11:41 Black hole jet
• 13:07 Comet from space

📺 VIDEO VERSION
https://youtu.be/BID90zOyZA4

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What are the limits for the telescopes of the future? Can you play disk golf on Mars or the Moon? Will all galaxies eventually fade away? When will we launch Voyagers v2.0? Answering all these questions and more in this week's Q&A.

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• 00:00 Start
• 00:27 [Alaris] What are the limits for future telescopes?
• 06:47 [Ardena] Can you play golf on Moon or Mars?
• 09:21 [Asuria] Why don't all rockets launch from the equator?
• 12:21 [Belote] Which telescopes should we be launching on Starship?
• 16:16 [Belsa] Will all galaxies eventually fade away?
• 19:01 [Cartego] Does Hawking radiation affect dark matter?
• 21:38 [Chulak] Will there be another Voyager mission?
• 24:55 [Dakara] Do we live forever?
• 28:12 [Edora] Have we seen Oort clouds of other solar systems?
• 30:54 [Goronak] Will earth resources be enough for SpaceX?
• 35:13 [Hadante] Will I cover theories that don't have a Big Bang origin?

📺 VIDEO VERSION
https://youtu.be/5wnrAo_RmC8

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Those aren’t Dyson Spheres they’re hotDOGs, the best gravitational lens in the Universe, new Starlinks are really bright in the radio, and SpaceX recovers its SuperHeavy.

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• 00:00 Intro
• 00:14 HotDOGs, Not Dyson Spheres
  • https://www.universetoday.com/168678/those-arent-dyson-spheres-theyre-hotdogs/
• 03:27 Best gravitational lens
  • https://www.universetoday.com/168672/this-might-be-the-best-gravitational-lens-ever-found/
• 04:44 Starlinks light pollution
  • https://www.universetoday.com/168658/second-generation-starlinks-are-32-times-brighter-in-radio-wavelengths/
• 07:07 SuperHeavy from a water grave
  • https://www.universetoday.com/168691/spacex-recovers-the-super-heavy-booster-from-flight-4/
• 08:08 Zebra rock on Mars
  • https://science.nasa.gov/blog/a-striped-surprise/
• 09:14 Vote results
• 09:53 Supernova and Earth life
  • https://www.universetoday.com/168687/how-a-nearby-supernova-left-its-mark-on-earth-life/
• 11:59 Two Chinese rocket hops
• 14:16 Guide to Space
• 14:35 Dyson sphere homework

📺 VIDEO VERSION
https://youtu.be/2ipIUL64gLc

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Are we alone in the Universe? Probably, one of the most important questions one can ask. So, how are we currently trying to answer it and what happens when we finally do?

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• 00:00 Intro
• 01:24 Searching for extraterrestrial life
• 19:35 Agnostic methods of searching for life
• 26:20 What happens if we find life
• 29:38 Life as we don't know it
• 34:36 Searching for interstellar life
• 46:38 Which method will give results first
• 50:46 What if we don't find life
• 55:05 Current obsessions
• 58:59 Final thoughts

📺 VIDEO VERSION
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What happens if astronauts throw stuff from orbit? Can we travel through a black hole? What is our Sun's place in the Milky Way? How can human spaceflight become profitable? Answering all these questions and more in this week's Q&A show.

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00:00 Start
00:34 [Alaris] What is the place of our Sun in the Milky Way?
05:00 [Ardena] How to find communities that care about space?
09:34 [Asuria] What happens if an astronaut throws something towards Earth?
12:23 [Belote] How big is the void we live in?
15:20 [Belsa] Can you travel through a black hole to another Universe?
18:38 [Cartego] How is Mercury closer to Earth than Venus?
19:52 [Chulak] Did different arms of the Milky Way come from different mergers?
22:16 [Dakara] How would we see the farthest galaxies disappear?
25:15 [Edora] How can human space flight become profitable?
27:24 [Goronak] Which human-made thing will be first to get to another star?
32:16 [Hadante] What are my favourite telescopes?
34:23 [Hebridan] Could supermassive black holes be made of lost anti-matter?
37:39 [Jenev] Can we reuse parts of ISS?

📺 VIDEO VERSION
https://youtu.be/LE-0sY1tEjg

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Could we repair missions like JWST and Gaia? Polaris Dawn returns to Earth, did Earth once have rings? and a peanut-shaped asteroid just drifted past Earth.

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• 00:00 Intro
• 00:16 Repairing missions at L2
  • https://www.universetoday.com/168584/there-could-be-a-way-to-fix-spacecraft-at-l2-like-webb-and-gaia/
• 03:10 Polaris Dawn returns to Earth
  • https://polarisprogram.com/polaris-dawn-crew-returns-to-earth-achieving-major-objectives-during-their-five-day-mission/
• 05:22 Peanut-shaped asteroid flyby
  • https://www.universetoday.com/168616/nasa-watches-a-peanut-shaped-asteroid-drift-past-earth/
• 07:20 Earth might have had rings
  • https://www.universetoday.com/168579/earth-might-have-had-rings-half-a-billion-years-ago/
• 08:56 Earth's temporary moon
  • https://www.universetoday.com/168574/earth-will-have-a-tiny-new-mini-moon-for-a-few-months/
• 10:13 Vote results
• 10:54 Mission to Neptune
  • https://www.universetoday.com/168559/an-ambitious-mission-to-neptune-could-study-both-the-planet-and-triton/
• 13:22 Building a global light pollution map
  • https://gaia4sustainability.eu/gaia-4-sustainability/
• 14:35 Flying to Alpha Cen
  • https://www.universetoday.com/168534/new-video-shows-how-tiny-spacecraft-will-swarm-proxima-centauri/
• 16:19 More space news
• 16:58 Getting involved in science

📺 VIDEO VERSION
https://youtu.be/hm44Blv5Y0k

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This is an unusual interview for my channel. It's mostly about AI, our current developments and the threats it poses to us.

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00:00 Intro
01:51 Arrival of LLMs
06:30 Alignment of AI
17:35 Existential dangers
18:58 The Pause AI movement
23:47 Safety
32:42 Wake-up calls and red lines
39:12 Possible response
41:43 AI as part of evolution
44:25 Simulation hypothesis and the Fermi Paradox
49:52 How to get involved
51:48 Current obsessions
57:19 Final thoughts

📺 VIDEO VERSION
https://youtu.be/A4M3Q_P2xP4

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What's the maximum speed you can get from a gravity assist? Can we have a double gravitational lens? What do you need to do to a phone to sent it to space? Answering all these questions and more in this week's Q&A show.

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00:00 Start
00:25 [Alaris] Can phones survive in space?
06:10 [Ardena] Asteroid vs meteorite
07:27 [Asuria] What happened to Orion, Meade, and Coronado telescope companies?
09:51 [Belote] Can we learn something about a supernova that the Sun was created from?
13:35 [Belsa] Can there be double gravitational lenses?
15:16 [Cartego] Favourite thing to observe visually?
17:41 [Chulak] Can we make a 2 AU interferometer?
21:21 [Dakara] Why are black holes different in size and mass?
24:20 [Edora] What does Starliner's return mean?
27:31 [Goronak] Thoughts on Starlink polluting the sky?
32:34 [Hadante] Are public funds on space wasteful?
36:30 [Hebridan] Can NASA vs China space race boost exploration?
40:11 [Jenev] What is the speed limit that can be achieved by sling-shot around planets?

📺 VIDEO VERSION
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Polaris Dawn launches and completes the first private spacewalk, the surface of a giant star is resolved with incredible detail, Starliner comes home empty, and amazing new images of Mercury from BepiColumbo.

🌞 Asteroseismology interview:
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• 00:00 Intro
• 00:16 First ever spacewalk
• 02:30 A star with incredible resolution
• 03:57 Mars spiders
• 06:04 Starliner returns
• 07:49 New Glenn delay
• 10:00 Starship updates
• 12:57 Mercury flyby
• 14:14 Vote results
• 15:07 Formation of Sag A
• 16:58 Iron winds on WASP-76b
• 18:15 Water on exoplanets
• 19:58 Guide to space
• 20:39 Asking for a favour

📺 VIDEO VERSION
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Stars oscillate. Even the Sun does. And we can learn a lot about them by studying those oscillations. How is it done and what can we learn? Finding out in this interview.

🟣 Guest: Dr. Marc Hon
https://mtyhon.github.io/

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00:00 Intro
01:39 What is Astroseismology
07:07 Measuring the oscillations of the Sun
12:45 Age of stars
24:17 The technique
36:03 Future instruments
49:32 Current obsessions
54:46 Final thoughts and more interviews

📺 VIDEO VERSION
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What would it take to bring the Voyagers back to Earth? When will we see a true deep field by Webb? Why is Europa Clipper solar-powered? Why do black holes rotate? Answering all these questions and more in this week's Q&A show.

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• 00:00 Start
• 00:37 [Alaris] Can we bring Voyagers back?
• 04:50 [Ardena] JWST deep field wen?
• 08:40 [Asuria] Why Europa Clipper uses solar panels instead of an RTG?
• 11:55 [Belote] How do we know aliens don't exist?
• 13:51 [Belsa] Do black holes really merge?
• 16:19 [Cartego] How to choose a tripod for a pair of binoculars?
• 20:08 [Chulak] How do black holes rotate?
• 21:39 [Dakara] Were there any civilizations that just died?
  
• 24:59 [Edora] What happens when the Earth's magnetic poles flip?
• 28:12 [Goronak] When will the first child be born off Earth?
• 30:43 [Hadante] What kind of radiation is there in space?

📺 VIDEO VERSION
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Another asteroid hit exactly where astronomers predicted, a monster asteroid rolled Ganymede over onto its side, strange sounds coming from Starliner, and China announces when it’ll try to grab a piece of Mars.

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• 00:00 Intro
• 00:13 Asteroid Over Philippines
• 02:04 Giant Ganymede impact
• 03:28 Strange sounds from Starliner
• 04:48 China's impressive space plans
• 07:54 Vote results
• 08:30 Primordial black holes
• 10:12 Drill for the Moon
• 11:25 Accretion disk
• 12:49 Guide to Space
• 13:32 Interferometers

📺 VIDEO VERSION
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Interferometers are a great tool for getting incredible resolution without building giant mirrors. Why don't all telescopes use it? What projects should we expect and what could we get from them? What are the challenges? Finding out in this interview!

🟣 Guest: Dr. Gerard van Belle
https://lowell.edu/people/gerard-van-belle/

📜 Big Fringe Telescope:
https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.01386

📜 MoonLITE: a CLPS-delivered NASA Astrophysics Pioneers lunar optical interferometer for sensitive, milliarcsecond observing
https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.01392

🦄 Support us on Patreon:
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📚 Suggest books in the book club:
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• 00:00:00 Intro
• 00:02:05 What is an interferometer
• 00:13:50 Interferometers in space
• 00:19:37 Interferometers on the Moon
• 00:39:03 Detecting exoplanets with interferometers
• 00:46:28 The bonkers idea
• 00:53:48 BFT
• 01:03:41 Current obsessions
• 01:08:02 Final thoughts

📺 VIDEO VERSION
https://youtu.be/wcR6gs0Up6k

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Could entangled electrons be used for FTL communications? Will Starship enable better satellites? Could we detect radiation on another world? Are there alternative explanations for black holes? Answering all these questions and more in this week's Overtime Q&A.

🦄 Support us on Patreon:
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• 00:00 Start
• 00:31 Could entangled electrons be used for FTL communications?
• 01:50 Will we ever detect planets at Alpha Centauri?
• 03:37 Will Starship enable better satellites?
• 06:32 Could we detect radiation on another world?
• 07:24 Will New Horizons visit other dwarf planets?
• 07:49 Where did IFT-4 land?
• 09:08 What will it do for a heat shield?
• 11:35 Are we closer to discovering new physics?
• 13:23 How do large scale structures affect our understanding?
• 15:00 Any upcoming near-Earth asteroid missions?
• 15:36 How close are we to detecting life?
• 16:32 Will Roman go to L2?
• 17:01 What are some alternatives to black holes?
• 17:54 Favorite lifeform?
• 18:12 Will missions go to Mars polar caps?
• 18:42 Could telescopes have free floating components?
• 19:38 Could Venus be terraformed?
• 21:04 Are white holes real?
• 22:32 What is the hardest part for Starship?

📺 VIDEO VERSION
https://youtu.be/9ugsq2mY1u0

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Is Betelgeuse a binary star? Starliner is coming home empty. New Glenn is on schedule to launch NASA’s next mission to Mars. NASA’s solar sail unfurls.

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• 00:00 Intro
• 00:14 Betelgeuse could be a binary star
• 02:08 No crew for Starliner
• 04:04 New Glenn launch date
• 06:07 Europa Clipper gets solar panels
• 09:06 NASA Solar sail deployed
• 11:12 Vote results
• 11:48 China's Moon plans
• 15:00 Cool images
• 17:29 More space news
• 18:05 Livestreams return

📺 VIDEO VERSION
https://youtu.be/Lblcc3jtEW4

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Why does the Sun have an 11-year cycle? Would I rather have a Venus mission or a Jovian moon mission? Do black holes attract other black holes? Can Chinese astronomers use Hubble/Webb? Answering all these questions and more in this week's Overtime Q&A.

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• 00:00 Start
• 00:46 Why does the Sun have an 11-year cycle?
• 02:13 Do all stars have a stellar cycle?
• 02:57 Why no probe to Oumuamua?
• 03:56 What got me into space in the first place?
• 08:13 Is that my real name?
• 08:56 Would I rather have a Venus mission or Jovian moon mission?
• 09:21 How does China do space science?
• 13:37 Can Chinese astronomers use Hubble/Webb?
• 14:25 Do I play video games?
• 18:30 What color are neutron stars?
• 19:10 Could Starship lower flight times?
• 19:55 Do black holes attract other black holes?
• 21:23 Have I ever seen a moose?
• 22:20 Is AI proceeding too quickly?
• 26:57 Do I use a special space ChatGPT?

📺 VIDEO VERSION
https://youtu.be/j248ozTEujs

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The DART mission is going to create a meteor shower on Earth, an explanation for the Wow! Signal, big problems with New Glenn, and JUICE completes a flyby of both the Earth and Moon.

👉 Plato Interview:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TofP5yeqNLg

👉 JMG's Wow! Signal Interview:
https://youtu.be/4ck9IsczPNU

👉 Everyday Astronaut's Blue Origin Tour:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rsuqSn7ifpU

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• 00:00 Intro
• 00:14 DART Debris coming to Earth
  • https://www.universetoday.com/168109/debris-from-dart-could-hit-earth-and-mars-within-a-decade/
• 02:14 Water on Psyche
  • https://www.universetoday.com/168189/there-might-be-water-on-the-surface-of-the-metal-asteroid-psyche/
• 04:56 Wow! signal
  • https://www.universetoday.com/168176/the-wow-signal-deciphered-it-was-hydrogen-all-along/
• 08:09 New Glenn setback
  • https://futurism.com/the-byte/jeff-bezos-blue-origin-rocket-explodes-testing
• 10:14 Star escaping the Milky Way
  • https://www.universetoday.com/168167/citizen-scientists-find-a-star-escaping-the-milky-way/
• 11:48 Vote results
• 12:33 JUICE flyby
  • https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/Juice/Juice_rerouted_to_Venus_in_world_s_first_lunar-Earth_flyby
• 14:07 Black hole feast
  • https://www.universetoday.com/168146/we-know-when-a-black-hole-will-have-its-next-feast/
• 16:02 Get ready for Polaris Dawn launch
  • https://polarisprogram.com/dawn/
• 18:13 Even more space news
• 18:50 Plato mission

📺 VIDEO VERSION
https://youtu.be/4ck9IsczPNU

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Have I ever messed up a recording? Are there plans for new space stations? Is there a limit to the size of an orbital rocket? Will humanity survive the next mass extinction event? Answering all these questions and more in this week's Overtime Q&A.

🦄 Support us on Patreon:
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• 00:00 Start
• 00:24 Can a software engineer help astronomers?
• 05:03 Do galaxies have ripples?
• 07:03 Can we build a telescope to study a specific planet?
• 09:14 Did I see the Apple ad?
• 15:15 Does AI hallucinate?
• 16:51 Is there a limit to the size of an orbital rocket?
• 17:57 Will humanity survive the next mass extinction event?
• 21:40 How would an electromagnetic cannon work?
• 24:56 Would Gaia work well at the orbit of Jupiter?
• 26:58 Will I get a new telescope?
• 28:10 Have I ever messed up a recording?
• 31:05 Are there plans for new space stations?

📺 VIDEO VERSION
https://youtu.be/QEikPnzrMoo

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The quest to find an Earth-sized planet around a Sun-like star continues. One of the telescopes that could achieve it is ESA's Plato mission. How will it be able to do it and what should we expect from it? Finding out it this interview.

🟣 Guest: Dr. David Brown
https://warwick.ac.uk/fac/sci/physics/research/astro/people/dbrown/

🔭 Plato Telescope:
https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/Plato

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• 00:00 Intro
• 02:06 Kepler Telescope
• 06:00 Plato telescope
• 27:33 What will PLATO find
• 35:15 Astroseismology
• 38:39 Follow-ups
• 41:46 A better PLATO
• 46:38 Current obsessions
• 52:39 Final thoughts

📺 VIDEO VERSION
https://youtu.be/TofP5yeqNLg

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Vast amounts of water found on Mars, but there’s a catch, Milky Way and Andromeda might not merge after all, a planet found before it gets destroyed, and an easier way to terraform Mars.

👉 Submit Your Questions for Patreon Q&A:
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• 00:00 Intro
• 00:16 Water found on Mars
• 02:55 Huge lake on Mars
• 04:20 Terraforming Mars
• 08:05 VIPER might be saved
• 09:38 Milkdromeda might not be happening
• 10:53 Vote results
• 11:28 Planet on the verge of destruction
• 13:09 New way of detecting supermassive black holes
• 14:21 Vera Rubin's secondary mirror
• 15:40 More space news
• 16:11 Livestreams and Q&A

📺 VIDEO VERSION
https://youtu.be/oBfoM3TnYUE

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The final parsec problem is a mystery that is yet to be answered by cosmology. On paper, supermassive black holes shouldn't merge. But yet they do. Why is it happening? What helps them slow down? Could it be dark matter? Looking for answers in this interview.

🟣 Guest: Dr. Gonzalo Alonso Álvarez

📜 Self-Interacting Dark Matter Solves the Final Parsec Problem of Supermassive Black Hole Mergers
https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.133.021401

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• 00:00 Intro
• 02:33 Final parsec problem
• 10:46 Proposed solution
• 21:55 Dark matter
• 26:46 What if it's wrong
• 37:10 Current obsessions
• 39:09 Final thoughts

📺 VIDEO VERSION
https://youtu.be/zAyoAtUUtug

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What's the most challenging part of Astronomy? What happened to Uranus? Which telescope to get for $200? Could we detect Voyager-like spacecraft flying through the solar system? Answering all these questions and more in this week's Q&A.

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00:00 Start
00:47 What's challenging about astronomy?
01:48 What do I think about Planet 9?
04:02 Thoughts on Project Lyra?
07:02 What priorities would I give NASA?
10:13 Any recommendation on a $200 telescope?
11:43 What's most important in binoculars?
14:52 Why is Uranus on its side?
15:34 Do I want to see missions to Uranus and Neptune?
17:18 Are there any resources for learning astronomy math online?
18:24 Why is it harder to explore the inner Solar System?
19:51 Where do supermassive black holes come from?
22:04 Would we detect the Voyagers passing through the Solar System?
23:09 Does civilizations need the metals from kilonovae?
23:45 Could the Solar System make a new planet?

📺 VIDEO VERSION
https://youtu.be/72VaI5kkf38

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Interstellar travel might not be as impossible as most people think. Especially if we adopt the multi-stage approach that we already use in everyday rockets. How can we do it and what results we can expect? Finding out in this interview.

👉 Interstellar Travel Without Breaking Physics with Andrew Higgins:
https://youtu.be/SkGRVvA23qI

🟣 Guest: Jeff Greason
https://www.el-sky.com

📜 Sunbeam: Near-sun statites as beam platforms for beam-driven rockets
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0094576524003837?via%3Dihub

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• 00:00:00 Intro
• 00:01:54 Sail close to the Sun
• 00:12:34 Interstellar velocities
• 00:28:03 Transferring power to spacecraft
• 00:33:09 Data transfer
• 00:43:31 Multi-stage interstellar ship
• 00:47:06 How will a realistic mission look like
• 01:09:51 Current obsessions
• 01:12:49 Final thoughts

📺 VIDEO VERSION
https://youtu.be/E74Kg8NpCyE

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It’s time for the Perseids meteor shower, Gaia has found hundreds of asteroid moons, Starliner is still in question, and where does the Moon’s atmosphere come from?

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• 00:00 Intro
• 00:14 It's time for the Perseids
• 03:03 GAIA finds asteroids with moons
• 05:30 Graphene on the Moon
• 07:26 Starliner still at the ISS
• 09:52 Polaris Dawn Launch Date
• 10:32 Planets forming around binary stars
• 13:02 Vote results
• 13:42 China created a lot of space junk
• 15:54 Moon atmosphere
• 17:38 More space news
• 18:25 TRAPPIST-1

📺 VIDEO VERSION
https://youtu.be/DmgqT9CQSf8

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Future telescopes like Vera Rubin and Nancy Grace Roman will generate a lot of data. This will be a big challenge. To get ready for it astronomers use simulated observation data. Why is it important and how is it done? Finding out in this interview.

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00:00 Intro
01:46 Simulations of the cosmos
13:51 Measuring dark matter
19:11 What to look for in the data
25:52 Simulations VS real data
38:54 Current obsessions
45:50 Final thoughts

📺 VIDEO VERSION
https://youtu.be/nn7BbFeVQ4o

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What happens to the stuff that falls into black holes? Do supergiants have sunspots? How can you do a gravitational slingshot from the Sun? Answering all these questions and more in this week's Overtime Q&A.

🦄 Support us on Patreon:
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• 00:00 Start
• 00:50 Could we do a gravitational slingshot around the Sun?
• 03:10 Does everything that goes into a black hole get converted into dark matter?
• 03:33 How has my perception of the Universe changed as I learn more about it?
• 07:44 What is beyond science?
• 11:04 What do I think about Starship?
• 12:07 Is dark energy decreasing?
• 13:48 Does our gravity well distort our measurement of the Universe?
• 15:52 Is the movements of interstellar medium a risk to space travel?
• 16:43 Could dark matter be explained by black holes?
• 17:26 Is there enough mass in the Solar System to make a black hole?
• 18:22 Could you restart Venus's dynamo?
• 21:32 Do supergiants have sunspots?
• 22:18 What do I think about UAPs?
• 24:11 Why didn't the Moon have water?
• 25:59 If we can't see black holes, what would they look like?
• 27:22 How do they land on an asteroid?
• 28:32 What questions do I hate?
• 30:29 Should we stop teaching that gravity is a force

📺 VIDEO VERSION
https://youtu.be/mvDCKJdvRWc

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TRAPPIST-1 is one of the most interesting systems out there. JWST did observe them but we still don't have the results from all of them. Why is that and when can we expect to know something about their atmospheres? Finding out in this interview.

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• 00:00 Intro
• 02:00 Looking at TRAPPIST-1 with JWST
• 05:21 Planets around TRAPPIST-1
• 14:10 TRAPPIST-1d
• 23:28 Premature announcements
• 32:21 Alternatives to TRAPPIST-1
• 37:16 Other detection methods
• 43:19 The next gen instruments
• 51:44 Current obsessions
• 58:01 Final thoughts

📺 VIDEO VERSION
https://youtu.be/SSjERIwnTl4

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We’ve learned much more from the DART mission, dark oxygen is being generated at the bottom of the ocean, Starliner is almost ready to come home, and we might not need to dig deep to find life on Europa.

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• 00:00 Intro
• 00:15 DART findings
• 04:06 Dark Oxygen
• 06:53 Kepler and the Solar Cycles
• 08:36 Starliner suspense
• 09:37 SpaceX returns
• 10:56 Vote results
• 11:45 Europa and Enceladus
• 13:49 Starship hot fire test
• 14:14 Astroscale's ADRAS-J
• 15:13 More space news
• 16:01 Future of Universe Today

📺 VIDEO VERSION
https://youtu.be/HYC4HJjTkbI

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John Michael Godier and Universe Today's Fraser Cain discuss the exciting developments in space exploration, focusing on Spacex and the upcoming fifth test launch of Starship. Join us as we discuss the details, analyzing the performance, challenges, and future implications of SpaceX's ambitious project.

⚫️ JMG's Event Horizon:
https://www.youtube.com/@EventHorizonShow

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📺 VIDEO VERSION
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hemEcdEOlxw&ab_channel=EventHorizon

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What happened at the earliest stages of the Universe and what is it expanding into? Can they just put a telescope inside a Starship? Why do I like the NIAC program so much? Answering all these questions and much more in this week's episode of Overtime Q&A.
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• 00:00 Start
• 00:35 What happened in the earliest stages of the Universe?
• 02:56 What is the Universe expanding into?
• 03:57 Did it happen now or in the past?
• 07:48 Could we put big telescopes in Starship?
• 08:52 What was the source of energy of the Big Bang?
• 09:44 Is a quasi-star a good explanation for black holes?
• 12:35 Will the ELT do infrared?
• 13:57 What would a starquake do to Earth?
• 15:49 Does Io have tectonic plates?
• 16:29 Why do I like NIAC so much?
• 18:13 How do we get JUMBOs?
• 19:59 Why can't we see beyond the CMB?
• 21:07 Could you ride a black hole's polar jets?

📺 VIDEO VERSION
https://youtu.be/NRjn9KYzPGE

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Fluids behave very differently in space. We can make good use of it. For example, a recent NIAC grant was awarded to investigate a Magnetohydrodynamic Drive for Hydrogen and Oxygen Production in Mars Transfer. This is a system that should provide breathing oxygen for a journey to Mars made out of water with no moving parts in it.

🟣 Guest: Dr Alvaro Romero-Calvo
https://ae.gatech.edu/directory/person/alvaro-romero-calvo

👉 More about the NIAC project:
https://www.nasa.gov/general/magnetohydrodynamic-drive-for-hydrogen-and-oxygen-production/

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• 00:00 Intro
• 01:39 Water in space
• 09:18 The NIAC project
• 28:31 Nightmares in space
• 35:56 Propulsion
• 44:19 Current obsessions
• 51:53 Final thoughts

📺 VIDEO VERSION
https://youtu.be/fnKwzi7nvOU

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Gaia was hit by a micrometeoroid and a solar storm, mapping a lunar lava tube from space, both Mars rovers found fascinating rocks, and a direct image of the closest exo-jupiter.

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• 00:00 Intro
• 00:17 Gaia hit by a micrometeoroid
• 01:52 Moon lava tubes
• 03:27 Curiosity finds yellow crystals on Mars
• 04:53 Possible signs of life from Perseverance
• 06:46 ExoJupiter Seen by Webb
• 08:27 ESA's Mission to Apophis
• 10:26 Vote results
• 11:05 Mercury is full of diamonds
• 12:27 New Horizons detects background light
• 14:17 More space news
• 14:59 Chandra's anniversary
• 16:03 Carbon emissions
• 16:46 Webb's second year

📺 VIDEO VERSION
https://youtu.be/vfyuM6ynIyA

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What are those lasers shooting out from telescopes? Can we build a space elevator? Could we grow plants in Mars regolith? Why not assemble telescopes in space? Answering all these questions and more in this week's Overtime Q&A.

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• 00:00 Start
• 00:50 Could we plant in Mars regolith?
• 02:35 What is the bright laser coming out of telescopes?
• 06:08 Will telescopes be assembled in space?
• 07:59 Would we have our money's worth if JWST broke?
• 08:45 Any updates on space elevators?
• 12:52 Will Breakthrough Starshot happen soon?
• 15:24 What about a low-mass black hole?
• 16:37 Could Gemini North and South do optical interferometry?
• 19:06 Thoughts on Europa?
• 21:46 How do galaxies collide if the Universe is expanding
• 22:45 Could an LCD screen be a coronagraph?
• 26:46 How does light travel farther than 13.8 billion light-years?
• 28:19 Are we looking for machine civilizations?

📺 VIDEO VERSION
https://youtu.be/CB5JBkDqmu0

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It's already been two years of JWST operations. In this episode we accumulated all the major science results, all the amazing images and graphs, all the important discoveries and controversies. Enjoy the ULTIMATE GUIDE to the second year of James Webb.

📺 VIDEO VERSION
https://youtu.be/wh4G1Wh79Ck

🥇 All the JWST discoveries from YEAR 1
https://youtu.be/nbDQEo0uA0Q

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• 00:00 Intro
• 01:29 Jupiter's Moons
• 04:26 Uranus and its faintest rings
• 05:58 Exoplanets
• 06:24 TRAPPIST-1 system
• 09:04 Exomoon around a brown dwarf
• 11:01 Asteroid collisions
• 12:15 Hycean world
• 16:00 Methane on an exoplanet
• 17:00 Exoplanet weather
• 19:15 Water delivery to exoplanets
• 20:33 Sand clouds on an exoplanet
• 22:00 Rogue planets
• 24:12 Key molecule for life
• 25:53 Lobster nebula
• 27:07 A very young star
• 28:11 Horsehead nebula
• 29:24 Binary young star
• 30:40 Ring nebula
• 31:52 Pillars of creation in 3D
• 33:05 Crab nebula
• 34:02 Cassiopea A
• 34:49 Heart of the Milky Way
• 36:02 Extragalactic
• 36:19 Supernova 1987a
• 37:51 Triangulum galaxy
• 39:38 Spiral galaxies face on
• 40:51 Whirlpool galaxy
• 42:21 El Gordo and gravitational lenses
• 43:45 Erindel
• 45:08 Cosmic web
• 46:19 Most distant active black hole
• 48:16 Most distant galaxy
• 49:25 Epoch of Re-ionization
• 51:24 What's next

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Europa Clipper might be delayed. NASA is cancelling its VIPER lunar rover mission. Mapping the dark matter in a dwarf galaxy. And a real-life stillsuit.

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• 00:00 Intro
• 00:14 Europa Clipper in serious danger
• 03:11 NASA cancelled VIPER
• 04:56 Dune-style suit for space
• 06:58 Falcon 9 failure
• 08:17 SpaceX's ISS de-orbit vehicle
• 09:24 Flight 5 SuperHeavy static fire
• 10:05 New Glenn Legs
• 10:48 Vote results
• 11:25 Why is the Great Red Spot shrinking
• 12:34 Mapping dark matter
• 14:16 JWST updates
• 17:32 Weird state of the launch market

📺 VIDEO VERSION
https://youtu.be/9ahZM6xTRkk

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Oumuamua and Borisov were the first interstellar visitors found by humanity. There should be many more of them. How can we find it and what will it mean for Astronomy? Finding out the answers.

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• 00:00 Intro
• 01:52 Oumuamua and Borisov
• 12:30 Interstellar meteorites
• 19:22 How are interstellar objects born
• 27:53 Better detection methods
• 34:40 Missions to interstellar objects
• 42:53 Active asteroids
• 56:07 Current obsessions
• 01:00:05 Final thoughts

📺 VIDEO VERSION
https://youtu.be/w-ykiXXGuCo

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This is an episode of our Patreon-exclusive Q&A show that I do with my producer Anton.

Join our Patreon. Here's the call for questions for this month's Q&A:
https://www.patreon.com/posts/patrons-send-in-108268455

• 0:00:00 Intro
• 0:01:12 Summer break
• 0:04:46 Another Einstein
• 0:09:52 Detecting nuclear wars on exoplanets
• 0:11:22 Planets at Proxima Centauri C
• 0:13:38 Eclipses on other planets
• 0:16:03 Upcoming big missions
• 0:22:22 Rotating black holes
• 0:27:25 Abiogenesis
• 0:31:08 Dark matter interactions
• 0:33:02 Orbital collisions
• 0:36:19 Antimatter in the magnetosphere
• 0:37:40 SGL alternative approach
• 0:40:34 Colonizing space
• 0:45:07 Sources of gravitational waves
• 0:47:01 Accretion disks
• 0:49:43 Galactic Lagrange points
• 0:52:30 Starship and interstellar missions
• 0:58:06 Why doesn’t Super Heavy and Starship float
• 1:04:31 Inside of black holes
• 1:06:46 Astronauts in permanently shadowed Moon regions
• 1:11:03 Gravitational waves from dark matter
• 1:12:53 Docking in space
• 1:16:09 Starship mittens
• 1:20:15 Age of light
• 1:23:42 Sun’s magnetic field flipping
• 1:25:14 Earth-size Moon around a Super Duper Jupiter
• 1:27:26 Hollow black holes
• 1:29:47 Dark matter and antigravity
• 1:31:10 Starliner
• 1:34:17 Ancient astronomical constructions
• 1:39:13 Questions from Q&As
• 1:41:45 Regolith problem
• 1:43:53 Mirror Universe
• 1:48:03 Fastest approaching star
• 1:50:04 Refraction of gravitational waves
• 1:51:30 Distance to Voyagers
• 1:52:57 Panspermia
• 1:55:48 SpaceX independence
• 2:00:46 Capitalism in space
• 2:03:38 Cosmic horizons
• 2:06:44 Orion VS Starliner
• 2:09:51 Effects from supernovae
• 2:12:11 Private streaming services
• 2:17:26 Starting fusion in Jupiter
• 2:22:32 Returning Starship
• 2:28:28 ZZ Top songs
• 2:30:12 Meteorites from Venus
• 2:31:16 Pioneer 6

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Can Iron kill stars like poison? Will a Moon telescope be better than JWST? Can a fast-moving star be fatal for the Solar System? Which worlds are the best to extract resources? Answering all these questions and more in this week's episode of Overtime.

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• 00:00 Start
• 01:07 Did I discover that Triton is a star?
• 02:24 Best worlds for extracting resources
• 03:38 Would a telescope on the Moon see farther than JWST?
• 04:36 How would humans evolve on other worlds?
• 06:02 Planet orbiting binary red dwarf stars
• 06:52 Could a high-velocity star destroy the Solar System?
• 07:35 Is astronomy research only sustainable through taxes?
• 09:27 Can I recommend binoculars?
• 11:36 Is iron poison for stars?
• 12:41 Is the Universe 26 billion years old?
• 14:39 Does a planet need a magnetic field to be habitable?
• 15:52 Could there be a planet between the Sun and Mercury?
• 16:35 Could we dive into gas giant?
• 17:04 Opinion on naming exoplanets
• 17:48 Is JWST rewriting cosmology?
• 18:50 Am I sad that I won't see the story of humanity?

📺 VIDEO VERSION
https://youtu.be/I6r92Qm3Nns

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