I’m Peter McCormack. I have questions.
The podcast Mr Obnoxious is created by Peter McCormack. The podcast and the artwork on this page are embedded on this page using the public podcast feed (RSS).
Former Conservative MP and Brexit Party MEP Ann Widdecombe joins Peter McCormack to expose the failure of Britain's political class, the betrayal of conservative values, and the rise of Reform UK.
In the interview, she discusses mass immigration, the collapse of the Tory Party, net zero extremism, unelected civil servants, the erosion of free speech, and the growing disconnect between Westminster and ordinary Britons. Widdecombe delivers a scathing analysis of how the establishment has abandoned its duty to the nation—and why political realignment is not only inevitable, but essential.
Rupert Read is a philosopher, author, and former Extinction Rebellion spokesperson who now leads the Climate Majority Project—an effort to unite people across the political spectrum around pragmatic climate action.
With a focus on adaptation, resilience, and risk management, Rupert argues that climate change is not a “woke” issue but a clear and present danger that demands sober, cross-partisan solutions. In this interview, Rupert challenges mainstream narratives, question the failures of Net Zero messaging, and explore why conservatives should take the lead on climate preparedness. From threats to national security and food supply to the economic costs of inaction, Rupert lays out a case for tackling climate change that doesn’t rely on ideology—but on common sense.
Nick Timothy is the Conservative Member of Parliament for West Suffolk, a political strategist, writer, and former chief adviser to Prime Minister Theresa May. With deep experience inside Westminster and a sharp critique of Britain’s political class, Nick has become one of the country’s most compelling voices for conservative reform.
In this interview, Nick explains why Britain's political and economic systems are no longer fit for purpose—and why both Labour is failing the nation. We explore the root causes of Britain’s decline: broken economic thinking, a bloated and overreaching state, uncontrolled immigration, and the collapse of cultural confidence. Nick breaks down the dangers of Labour’s tax-and-spend agenda, the betrayal of conservative values, and the urgent need for radical change. He argues that only by restoring true conservative principles, economic resilience, and national self-belief can Britain avoid irreversible decline and rebuild a freer, stronger society.
Joe Bryan is a writer and thinker focused on the intersection of money, society, and freedom. With a background in finance and a deep understanding of Bitcoin, Joe is one of the most articulate critics of fiat money and the systemic damage caused by government control over currency.
In this interview, Joe explains why inflation is not just an economic phenomenon but one of the greatest crimes against society. We explore how money printing distorts markets, fuels inequality, and erodes personal freedom. Joe breaks down the hidden consequences of fiat currency—rising housing costs, corporate capture of vital industries, and the silent theft of wealth through inflation. He argues that only by separating money from state control—and embracing a decentralised alternative—can we restore economic sanity and create a freer, fairer world.
Joe's excellent video, "What's the Problem?", is available to watch here - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YtFOxNbmD38
Catherine McBride is an economist, trade expert, and former member of the UK’s Trade and Agriculture Commission. With a background in finance and deep knowledge of international markets, she is one of the most vocal critics of Britain’s overregulated economy, misguided energy policies, and counterproductive approach to growth and trade.
In this interview, Catherine explains why Britain is stuck in economic decline, how Net Zero is strangling industry, and why Labour’s growth promises are disconnected from reality. We discuss the damage caused by stamp duty, VAT, and employment law, the failure of political leadership across parties, and why the UK is driving away the very businesses it needs to survive. Catherine argues that only radical reform—cutting bad regulation, slashing energy costs, and restoring economic sanity—can save Britain from permanent decline.
John O’Connell is the chief executive of the TaxPayers’ Alliance, a UK-based campaign group advocating for lower taxes, efficient government, and greater transparency in public spending. With years of experience analysing government budgets and economic policy, he has become one of the most vocal critics of Britain’s bloated bureaucracy, broken tax code, and failing public services.
In this interview, John lays out why Britain has stopped growing, how the tax burden has hit a post-war high, and why throwing more money at failing systems is making things worse. We explore the rising cost of living, the impact of over-regulation on small businesses, and how poorly designed taxes like inheritance tax and stamp duty are crippling opportunity and ambition. John argues that political reform, economic discipline, and a simpler tax code are the only way to reverse the UK’s stagnation and unlock real growth for working people.
Matthew Mežinskis is a macroeconomic researcher, Bitcoin educator, and host of the podcast Crypto Voices, known for his deep analysis of global monetary policy, central banking, and the intersection of money and geopolitics. Based in Eastern Europe with a background in both American and Latvian perspectives, Matthew brings a rare clarity to complex economic systems and the forces shaping global power.
In this interview, Matthew breaks down why Europe can no longer rely on the United States, the dangers of monetary expansion, and how authoritarianism is rising across the West. We discuss the Ukraine war, the myth of neutrality in global politics, and how inflation and asset bubbles have quietly hollowed out the middle class. Matthew explains why Bitcoin may be the only true escape hatch, how power is shifting from West to East, and what history teaches us about debt, sovereignty, and economic collapse.
Matt Le Tissier is a former England international and Premier League football legend, best known for his loyalty to Southampton, his incredible goals, and his reputation as one of the most naturally gifted players of his generation. Since retiring, he has become one of the few high-profile sports figures willing to speak out on politics, media manipulation, and the erosion of personal freedom.
In this interview, Matt discusses his career, why he turned down big-money moves to stay loyal to his club, and how his life changed after questioning the government’s Covid response. We discuss his experience of being cancelled by Sky Sports, the chilling effect on public figures who question official narratives, and why the media no longer serves the public.
Harry Miller is a former police officer, free speech advocate, and co-founder of Fair Cop, an organisation that defends individuals targeted by political policing and thoughtcrime accusations in the UK. He gained national attention after being investigated by police for a tweet and went on to challenge and defeat.
In this interview, Harry breaks down how UK police forces have become ideological enforcers, recording "non-crime hate incidents" and knocking on doors to "check people's thinking." We explore how woke ideology has captured British institutions, why free speech is under attack from all sides, and how the criminal justice system has been weaponised against ordinary people.
Steven Barrett is a leading UK barrister, legal writer, and constitutional expert who has become one of the sharpest critics of Britain’s bloated, dysfunctional legal system.
In this interview, Steven lays out how the rule of law in Britain has been quietly hollowed out by bad legislation, unelected regulators like Ofcom, and a political class addicted to complexity and control. We discuss the rise of a two-tier justice system, the explosion of “law inflation,” and how vague, unreadable rules are being used to censor speech, shield the powerful, and trap ordinary people. Steven explains why British civil justice is no longer accessible to most citizens, how legal bureaucracy has replaced common sense, and why the UK's constitutional structure is now in crisis.
Raja Miah is a former government advisor, political campaigner, and whistleblower who exposed one of the UK’s most disturbing and underreported scandals—the systematic gang rape of children across multiple towns, and the political cover-up that protected the perpetrators.
In this interview, Raja lays out in forensic detail how politicians, police, and civil servants collaborated to bury the truth, protect votes, and maintain power at the expense of vulnerable children. We discuss the media’s complicity, the role of postal vote fraud, the deliberate use of racial and religious fear to silence critics, and why the grooming gangs remain active today. Raja shares the toll this battle has taken on his life, the evidence that links top political figures to the cover-up, and why a full national inquiry is the only way to deliver justice.
R.A. The Rugged Man is a legendary hip-hop artist, lyricist, and filmmaker, known for his uncompromising style, underground acclaim, and powerful storytelling. From early industry blackballing to global respect, he’s earned a reputation as one of the most authentic voices in rap, praised by legends like Biggie, Kool G Rap, and Chuck D.
In this interview, we explore R.A.’s rise through the chaos of the music industry, the making of his iconic track Uncommon Valor, and the deeply personal story of his father’s service in Vietnam and the devastating impact of Agent Orange on his family. R.A. reflects on hip-hop’s evolution, the modern rap landscape, and what it means to stay real in a commercialised culture. We also dive into his passion for filmmaking, his experiences as a father, and his views on politics, war, and American decline.
Firas Modad is a geopolitical analyst and Middle East expert, specialising in regional conflicts, sectarian divisions, and global power struggles.
In this interview, we explore the global power struggle over the Middle East, Syria’s ongoing turmoil, and the impact of US, Russian, and Iranian influence in the region. Modad explains why Syria remains a battleground, how sectarian divides shape conflict, and why attempts to build stable nation-states keep failing. We also discuss the legacy of Western intervention, the rise of jihadism, and whether Syria’s future is one of endless war or possible reconciliation.
Chelsea Manning is a former U.S. Army intelligence analyst, whistleblower, and transparency activist, best known for leaking classified military documents that exposed government misconduct. Her actions sparked global debates on war crimes, free speech, and the role of whistleblowers in holding power to account. Since her release from prison, Manning has continued to advocate for privacy, digital security, and the fight against mass surveillance.
In this interview, we discuss the rise of the information war, government censorship, and the growing battle over truth in the digital age. Manning explains how governments manipulate narratives, why misinformation is a powerful weapon, and how AI and censorship are reshaping free speech. We also explore the role of decentralised technology, the dangers of overwhelming information, and whether she would leak documents again today.
Gawain Towler is a political strategist, communications expert, and former Director of Communications for the Brexit Party, with decades of experience in political campaigns, media strategy, and party leadership.
In this interview, we discuss the rise of the Reform Party, the failures of the Conservative and Labour governments, and the growing political realignment in Britain. Towler explains how the political establishment is collapsing, why voters are abandoning traditional parties, and why Reform’s appeal is cutting across class and regional lines. We also explore media bias, deep state influence, and the structural barriers preventing real change. From immigration’s impact on housing to the economic stagnation gripping the UK, Towler breaks down the biggest challenges Britain faces—and what Reform needs to do to win.
Dr. Lawrence Newport is a legal academic, researcher, and political commentator, known for his work on law, crime, and justice reform. He is also the co-founder of Looking for Growth, a movement focused on revitalising the UK’s economy, reducing bureaucracy, and restoring law and order.
In this interview we discuss why Britain is in managed decline and how bureaucracy, crime, and political cowardice are destroying the nation. He exposes the failures in policing, justice, and infrastructure that have led to rising crime, economic stagnation, and growing public disillusionment. From shoplifting epidemics to the housing crisis and energy failures, Newport explains why the government’s refusal to take bold action is crippling the country. He reveals shocking insights into why sentencing is softer, why criminals operate with impunity, and why the UK is failing to build its way out of decline.
Firas Modad is a political analyst and geopolitical strategist, specializing in the intersection of power, governance, and societal change. His work explores how oligarchs, elites, and state institutions shape policy, influence public perception, and manipulate global narratives.
In this interview, we explore the real power behind governments, the rise of populist uprisings, and why Western democracy may be failing. Modad explains how oligarchs exert control over elected officials, how free speech is being systematically dismantled, and why welfare policies can often corrupt rather than support society. We also dive into Trump’s political genius, Putin’s grip on Russia, and the collapse of Western values, offering a raw and unfiltered discussion on the forces reshaping the world today.
Shanker Singham is a leading trade economist, competition lawyer, and policy expert, known for advising governments on free markets, regulatory reform, and trade policy, and playing a key role in shaping post-Brexit economic strategies for the UK.
In this interview, we discuss the government decisions over the past 25 years have crippled growth, increased debt, and left everyday people struggling. Singham discusses GDP per capita decline, regulatory capture, taxation failures, and why the UK is falling behind the US and even Poland. We also discuss how entrenched elites manipulate policies for their own gain, how over-regulation kills competition, and how Brexit’s economic potential is being squandered.
Lois Perry is a political activist, media commentator, and Executive Director of Heartland Institute UK & EU, known for her fierce opposition to Net Zero policies, government overreach, and media bias, advocating for free speech, energy independence, and political reform.
In this interview, we discuss how the UK government is using climate hysteria to justify skyrocketing energy costs, oppressive taxation, and economic destruction. Lois explains why British energy prices are the highest in Europe, how taxpayers are funding massive green subsidies, and how the political elite are exploiting the climate agenda to maintain control. Perry, a well-known campaigner against government overreach, has taken on climate scientists, exposed the hypocrisy of politicians like Ed Miliband, and argued against the ideological push behind net zero.
Noel Willcox is a campaigner and whistleblower exposing the corruption and financial abuse within the Child Maintenance Service, highlighting how government enforcement policies have pushed parents into debt, financial ruin, and even suicide.
In this interview we discuss the reality of the Child Maintenance Service (CMS), a system that has financially ruined parents, destroyed families, and even driven some to suicide. With inflated debts, aggressive enforcement tactics, and no accountability, thousands of parents are left destitute by a government-backed scheme that claims to support children. Willcox also breaks down how CMS weaponises the legal system, the financial fraud happening behind closed doors, and why this scandal remains ignored by the mainstream media.
Charlotte Gill is a journalist, investigator, and the driving force behind UK Doge, a movement dedicated to exposing government waste, corruption, and misallocated taxpayer money.
In this interview, we discuss the biggest government scandal you’ve never heard of—how vast amounts of public money is funnelled into ideological vanity projects, bloated quangos, and politically motivated initiatives, all while essential public services struggle. Gill exposes the deep state networks, shadowy funding structures, and NGOs that operate behind the scenes to reshape British politics without voter consent. We also discuss the Left’s strategic control over institutions, the rise of UK Doge, and why politicians refuse to tackle wasteful spending.
Steve Baker is a Conservative MP, former Brexit minister, and outspoken advocate for free markets, sound money, and limited government. James Van Straten is a macro analyst and Bitcoin advocate, focused on exposing economic mismanagement and the failures of central banking.
In this episode, we discussthe UK’s economic crisis, government waste, political failures, and how reckless borrowing, high taxation, and a bloated state have pushed Britain towards financial ruin. We also discuss the failures of Conservative leadership, the rise of Reform, and whether figures like Kemi Badenoch or Nigel Farage can fix the system.
Eric Kaufmann is a political scientist, professor, and author specialising in cultural politics, demographics, and the rise of woke ideology, advocating for post-progressivism and free speech in academia and society.
In this interview we discuss how woke ideology, cultural overreach, and progressive dominance have reshaped the Western world. From the suppression of free speech to the radical transformation of institutions, Kaufmann reveals how an elite ruling class has manipulated the system to silence dissent and enforce ideological conformity. He also explains how the education system has become a breeding ground for ideological indoctrination, manufacturing an entire generation that sees dissent as dangerous rather than necessary.
Mike McCulloch is a physicist and researcher known for his Quantized Inertia theory, which challenges mainstream physics by offering an alternative to dark matter and proposing revolutionary propulsion concepts like the EM Drive.
In this interview, we discuss everything that is known about space, gravity, and physics itself. Mike reveals why dark matter and dark energy may be complete fabrications, how Einstein’s theories are deeply flawed, and why mainstream science is ignoring the biggest discoveries of our time. We also discuss his radical theory—Quantised Inertia—which could rewrite the laws of physics, eliminate the need for dark matter, and even unlock new ways of space travel.
MP Mike Tapp is an ex-military intelligence officer and now Labour for Dover. In this show we discuss British values, national security, and the political failures shaping modern Britain. We also cover immigration, terrorism, economic decline, and the collapse of public services under consecutive governments.
Does Labour truly represent working-class Britain? Why is crime spiralling out of control? And is free speech under threat? As a former intelligence officer who has fought against terrorism and crime, Mike Tapp offers a unique insider’s perspective on what’s really happening behind the scenes.
Rupert Lowe is a businessman, the former Southampton FC chairman, and a Reform Party MP, known for his outspoken views on politics, free markets, and the need for radical change in the UK government.
In this episode, we discuss the corruption and incompetence plaguing Westminster, the consequences of mass migration, crippling taxation, and the failures of weak leadership. Rupert also discusses the reality of Britain’s uniparty system and the broken machinery of government that is failing its citizens. With the Reform Party surging in the polls, he explains why this could be the country’s final chance to reclaim its future.
Daniel Priestley is a serial entrepreneur, author, and business strategist, known for helping startups and scale-ups navigate the digital economy and adapt to the rapidly changing world of AI and technology.
In this episode we discuss AI, the death of the industrial age, the rise of digital business, and the future of entrepreneurship. We also discuss how AI will reshape industries, whether governments can keep up, and if we’re heading into a new era of digital feudalism where a few will own everything. Priestley argues that those who fail to adapt to AI will be left behind. Will technology liberate us or enslave us?
Jake Hanrahan is an independent journalist, war reporter, and founder of Popular Front, known for his raw, unfiltered coverage of conflicts, crime, and underground movements around the world.
In this episode we discuss conflict, corruption, media manipulation, and the creeping authoritarianism gripping the West. With years of frontline reporting from Ukraine, Syria, Iraq, and beyond, Jake shares his perspective on global conflicts, why the mainstream media is failing us, and how governments use fear and control to shape public perception. We also discuss the reality of modern warfare, the rise of state control, the failure of politicians, and the real consequences of unchecked power.
Will Storr is an acclaimed author, journalist, and storyteller, specializing in exploring human psychology, status dynamics, and the power of narratives to shape our lives and societies.
In this interview we discuss the dynamics of status, storytelling, and human psychology. Learn why we chase status, how stories shape societies, and the dangers of ego in modern life. In this thought-provoking episode, Will explores the biological, cultural, and psychological factors that drive human behaviour. Discover the hidden truths behind social media, cancel culture, and why status games dominate our lives.
Steve Parish is a British businessman and the Chairman of Crystal Palace Football Club, known for his role in revitalising the club and his outspoken views on football and business.
In this interview, we discuss challenges of leading a Premier League club. From the impact of big data and AI in football to navigating financial pressures and planning for the club’s future. We also cover the hidden strategies behind the scenes of the Premier League and the balancing act required to maintain success in one of the world’s most competitive leagues.
James Fishback is the founder of Incubate Debate, a free speech advocate, and a debate champion, committed to fostering critical thinking and open dialogue among students across the U.S.
In this interview we discuss how political bias and censorship are infiltrating high school debate competitions. They explore the decline of free speech, the impact on young minds, and what it means for the future of education and democracy. This eye-opening conversation delves into the controversial practices shaping today’s debates and why restoring free speech is more critical than ever.
Alex Phillips is a former Brexit Party MEP, journalist, and political commentator known for her outspoken views on cultural decline, women’s safety, and the future of British politics.
In this interview, we discuss the unraveling of British society. From the crushing taxes and housing crisis to cultural decay and economic mismanagement, Phillips explains why many young Brits are leaving the UK. Discover her controversial take on mass migration, political failure, and the erosion of traditional British values—and what must happen to turn things around.
William Clouston is the leader of the Social Democratic Party (SDP), advocating for a patriotic, pragmatic, and socially conservative vision for Britain's future.
In this interview we discuss the UK’s pressing challenges. From immigration and housing to free trade and privatisation. Clouston unpacks the policies that have left Britain in crisis. Discover the SDP’s vision for economic reform, border control, and a renewed focus on working-class issues to rebuild trust in UK politics.
Liz Truss is a British politician who served as the UK's Prime Minister and Leader of the Conservative Party, known for her advocacy of free markets, economic reform, and her candid critique of the political establishment.
In this interview we discuss the UK’s broken political system, the rise of unaccountable bureaucracy, and the fight for free speech. Truss also reveals the challenges she faced in government, the hidden forces behind Britain’s failures, and the critical reforms needed to turn the country around. From immigration and economic policies to media bias and free speech, we dive into the deep issues shaping the UK’s future.
Paul M. Sutter is an astrophysicist, author, and science communicator known for making complex cosmic concepts accessible and engaging through his books, podcasts, and media appearances.
In this interview we discuss the mind-bending world of black holes, space-time, and quantum physics. From Einstein’s theory of relativity to the mysteries of black holes and the paradox of quantum entanglement, Sutter explains how our understanding of the universe is evolving. We also discuss the nature of time, the fabric of reality, and whether we’re living in a simulation.
Former Head of the UK Border Force, Tony Smith, pulls back the curtain on the hidden complexities of immigration and border control.
In this interview, Tony explains how policy, security, and global trends shape the UK’s borders. From asylum seekers and illegal immigration to the economic and social impact of migration, we dive into the challenges of managing a modern border. Tony also shares insights into controversial policies like the Rwanda Plan and the UK’s approach to human rights and deportations.
David Halpern is President and Founding Director of The Behavioural Insights Team and a leading pioneer in applying behavioural science to improve public policy and everyday decision-making worldwide.
In this interview he reveals the fascinating ways behavioural science influences government policy and everyday decisions. From pensions to education and even tax collection, we explore how “nudges” are changing the way we interact with public services. We also discuss the ethics of government intervention, the efficiency of markets, and the future of policymaking in a data-driven world.
George Galloway is a British politician, broadcaster, and author renowned for his decades-long career as a champion of working-class politics and his fierce critiques of Western foreign policy and neoliberalism.
In this interview, George delivers a powerful critique of the Labour Party’s transformation from a working-class movement to a middle-class elite institution. Drawing on his unique experiences in politics and broadcasting, Galloway discusses the erosion of Labour’s connection to the British working class, the Californication of its policies, and the broader state of the left in the UK. This wide-ranging conversation dives into Labour’s ideological identity crisis, the rise of populism, and the systemic failures of Britain’s political class, offering insights that challenge both the left and the right.
Matt Goodwin is a British political scientist, author, and commentator known for his work on populism, political realignment, and the cultural and economic challenges facing modern Britain.
In this interview, Matt delivers a scathing critique of Britain’s failing political class. Known for his sharp insights into populism and British politics via his SubStack, Goodwin exposes the hidden truths about mass immigration, elite mismanagement, and the collapse of trust in UK institutions. This conversation explores how populism is reshaping Western democracies, the failures of Labour and the Conservatives, and whether Reform UK can save Britain from its downward spiral.
Konstantin Kisin is a comedian, podcaster, and political commentator known for his sharp insights on free speech, culture wars, and societal issues, and as the co-host of the popular show Triggernometry.
In this interview we discuss Britain’s struggle with identity, the erosion of free speech, and the consequences of class contempt. From Brexit divisions to cultural battles over British values, we explore why the UK feels stuck in decline. Is there hope for a turnaround, or are we heading toward irreversible cultural and economic challenges?
Dr. Aseem Malhotra is a cardiologist and public health advocate. He has been at the forefront of exposing the influence of Big Pharma on global healthcare systems and calling for a revolution in evidence-based medicine. From critiquing flawed dietary guidelines to challenging the widespread use of mRNA vaccines, Dr. Malhotra has consistently pushed back against corporate interests that prioritise profits over public health.
In this interview, we discuss corporate capture of healthcare, the ethical failures of Big Pharma, and the dangerous consequences of systemic corruption. Dr. Malhotra shares his insights on the pandemic response, vaccine controversies, and how profit-driven medicine has eroded trust in public health. We also discuss solutions for reclaiming healthcare, the power of grassroots advocacy, and the urgent need for transparency and accountability in a system built on exploitation.
Mauricio Di Bartolomeo, co-founder and CEO of Ledn, a Bitcoin and digital asset financial services platform, fled Venezuela to escape persecution by the regime and the devastating effects of economic collapse and hyperinflation.
Can Bitcoin be the answer to managed decline and inflation? In this interview we discuss the lessons from Venezuela’s economic collapse and how Bitcoin offers a pathway to financial freedom. We also cover the challenges of big government, the hidden costs of free services, and why decentralisation through Bitcoin could revolutionise economies like the UK.
Mark Littlewood, a prominent libertarian commentator and Director General of the Institute of Economic Affairs, is renowned for his advocacy of free-market policies and individual freedoms.
As the Conservative Party grapples with a crisis of identity and waning public trust, with voters increasingly turning to Reform UK for solutions, we dive into the deep challenges facing Britain today. From the country’s fractured political landscape to the rise of populist conservatism, we examine how bloated government and relentless bureaucracy are stifling progress. Mark presents a vision for the future, offering bold proposals such as institutional reform, addressing the nation’s spiralling public debt, and reigniting the core principles of conservatism.
Richard Tice is a British businessman and politician. He has been serving as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Boston and Skegness since July 2024 and is the Deputy Leader of Reform UK.
In this interview we discuss why Britain feels broken and how Reform UK aims to fix it. Richard explains the flaws in net zero policies and addresses immigration, NHS inefficiencies, and economic stagnation, laying out bold plans for a better future. We also discuss why the establishment fears Reform UK, what’s driving cultural and financial decline, and how real change can be achieved.
Dan Wootton is a British journalist and broadcaster known for his outspoken commentary and coverage of celebrity and political issues.
In this interview we discuss the growing influence of cancel culture, government censorship, and the woke takeover of mainstream media in the UK. Dan reveals insider insights from his time in mainstream media, how independent platforms are reshaping public discourse, and why the fight for free speech is more critical than ever. We also get into why independent media is gaining traction, how cancel culture silences dissent, and the chilling impact of advertising boycotts on journalism.
Alan Miller is a passionate advocate for civil liberties, co-founder of the Together Declaration, and a cultural entrepreneur who transitioned from shaping London's nightlife to leading a national movement defending rights and freedoms.
In this interview we discuss the growing influence of technocrats, the consequences of lockdowns, and the flaws in Net Zero policies. We also get into free speech, censorship, and the economic impact of overreach by governments. Alan also gives actionable insights on protecting freedom, empowering citizens, and creating a dynamic, prosperous society.
Tony Sewell is a British educational consultant, author, and former chair of the Commission on Race and Ethnic Disparities, known for his work on education reform and his controversial report on racial inequality in the UK.
In this interview we discuss why Britain’s racial and social inequality debates are more about class than race. He unpacks the misconceptions surrounding racism, the flaws in the education system, and how family structure impacts outcomes. In this eye-opening conversation, Tony explains how nuanced, data-driven policies can better address inequality and improve opportunities for all.
Freddie New is general counsel at The Little Car Company, Head of Policy at Bitcoin Policy UK and a CoFounder of ICDEF.
In this interview we discuss the hidden mechanics of our failing economy, exposing how private equity, government policies, and currency debasement are undermining the middle class. Discover how modern financial systems are structured to favour the elite at the expense of everyday citizens. Freddie also shares insights on inflation, debt, and the steps individuals can take to protect themselves.
Gareth Wyn Jones is a Welsh hill farmer, television presenter, and social media personality known for advocating sustainable agriculture and raising awareness about farming challenges.
In this interview, we discuss the harsh realities facing British farmers. From inheritance tax burdens to supermarket domination, he explains why the farming industry is at breaking point. We also discuss the impact of government policies on food security, rural communities, and mental health and I learn about the challenges of sustainable farming and the global food supply chain. Gareth also shines a light on the fight to save British agriculture and protect local, seasonal food for future generations.
Ben Habib is a businessman, former MEP for the Brexit Party, and outspoken advocate for Brexit, national sovereignty, and immigration reform.
In this episode we unpack the political and economic challenges facing the UK. From Brexit’s broken promises to the Reform Party’s potential to disrupt the status quo. Habib shares his insights on sovereignty, democracy, and the looming sovereign debt crisis. We also discuss government inefficiencies, the burden on small businesses, and how the UK can reclaim its future.
Thomas Hogg is an entrepreneur, author, and business leader with a wealth of experience in building companies from the ground up.
Thomas Hogg reveals how complex tax codes and government inefficiencies harm small businesses and taxpayers. From urban design and healthcare reform to creating walkable cities, Thomas shares solutions for improving public policy and building a stronger economy. Discover the unexpected links between urban planning, public health, and economic growth. Learn how policy decisions shape our daily lives and explore practical ways to foster innovation and fairness.
Michael Dunworth is an Australian entrepreneur was one of the co-founders of Wyre, a Bitcoin payments and infrastructure provider established in 2013.
In this episode we discuss the societal challenges of our times: mental health, the economic burden of modern life, and the revolutionary role of Bitcoin. From Australia’s housing crisis to the psychology of dopamine-driven tech addiction, this conversation explores the realities of capitalism, critical thinking, and purpose. Learn how millennials and Gen Z are navigating a broken system and why Bitcoin is the antidote to financial lies.
Steve Baker is a former Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) for Wycombe, serving from 2010 until 2024.
In this episode, we discuss pressing economic and political issues such as the challenges of government debt, inflation, and the often overlooked consequences of central bank policies. With a focus on the impact of taxation and government spending on individual freedoms and economic productivity. We also discuss the structural inefficiencies in politics and examine the growing disconnect between politicians and economic realities.
Reflecting on his experience in Parliament, Steve emphasises the need for public education on economic fundamentals, a paradigm shift in policy-making, and personal financial resilience, exploring how Bitcoin and free-market principles could offer solutions to a system he believes is deeply flawed.
Dr. Tarik Sammour is a colorectal surgeon specialising in advanced bowel cancer and has worked across various healthcare systems, including in Australia, New Zealand, and the US.
In this episode, we explore the complexities of modern healthcare systems and the impact of healthcare inflation on patient outcomes and accessibility. We get into the differences between public and private healthcare models, discussing the benefits and drawbacks of hybrid systems and the unique challenges of funding healthcare sustainably. Tarik shares his experiences with administrative burdens, rising costs, and the ethical dilemmas posed by pharmaceutical influence. We also discuss the broader societal issues, from obesity trends to the role of sound money, and the potential for a more balanced approach to healthcare.
Joseph Robertson is a political commentator and advocate focused on free-market economics and personal sovereignty.
In this episode, we discuss the shifting political landscape in the UK, examining the impact of recent budgets on various social classes and the ideological shift from conservatism to socialism. Joseph and I explore the role of debt, inflation, and economic illiteracy among voters in shaping current policies, as well as the influence of career politicians who lack real-world experience. We also discuss the potential for Bitcoin as a hedge against financial overreach and the implications of regulation on self-sovereignty.
Peter St Onge is an Economist at the Heritage Foundation and a Fellow at the Mises Institute.
In this episode, we discuss the challenges posed by government overreach, and the intricacies of the bureaucracy-politician dynamic. We get into how historical developments have influenced current political structures and the role of debt and its impact on economic growth. Peter also shares his thoughts on the possibility of reforming the current system, from central banking to taxation, and the path to a more efficient government.
Mike Brock is a political commentator, writer, and former executive.
In this episode, we explore the dynamics of power politics versus distributive politics, the transformation of the Republican Party under Trump, and the struggle to uphold liberal values in a rapidly changing political climate. We dive into the role of economic incentives in shaping political actions, examine government corruption, and analyze the escalating U.S.-China economic rivalry. Additionally, we discuss how media influences public perception and why Mike sees the centre-left as perhaps the last hope for sustaining capitalism.
Jarrett Adams is a defense attorney, author, and founder of Life After Justice, a nonprofit focused on fighting wrongful convictions and supporting reintegration for exonerated individuals.
In this episode, we get into his story of being wrongfully convicted at 17, the realities of navigating the criminal justice system, and the harsh conditions inside a supermax prison. We discuss the systemic issues that lead to wrongful convictions, including overburdened public defenders, incentivized witnesses, and racial bias in jury selection. We also explore the prison industrial complex, its economic incentives, and how it profits from incarcerated individuals.
Alex Gladstein is the Chief Strategy Officer at the Human Rights Foundation and a leading advocate for Bitcoin's role in promoting freedom.
In this episode, we discuss his work empowering activists under authoritarian regimes, the structural issues facing human rights funding, and how technology like Bitcoin are transforming the fight for liberty. We also get into the impact of peer-to-peer networks like Nostr, the evolution of Ecash, and the digital arms race between oppressive governments and freedom technologies. We cover forgotten global conflicts, the role of Western democracies, and how Bitcoin helps people survive hyperinflation and financial oppression.
Winston Marshall is a musician, cultural commentator, and former member of the band Mumford & Sons.
In this episode, we discuss his journey from rock star to cultural commentator, the challenges of holding conservative opinions in the entertainment industry, and his exit from Mumford & Sons. We also get into the failures of corporate media, the rise of alternative media through podcasts, and the impact of political realignment in the U.S. and the UK. We also cover the ongoing struggle for free speech, the role of populism, and the future of liberty in a world increasingly dominated by censorship and ideological conformity.
David Zell is the Executive Director of the Bitcoin Policy Institute, a think tank focused on the public policy implications of Bitcoin.
In this episode, we discuss the political landscape surrounding Bitcoin, its role as an insurance policy for both individuals and nation-states, how Bitcoin competes against traditional currencies, the global demand for stable money, and its implications for U.S. geopolitical strategy, especially in contrast to authoritarian regimes like China. We also discuss the politicisation of Bitcoin, potential regulatory threats, and how Bitcoin's existence challenges traditional financial systems.
Izabella is the Senior Finance Editor at Politico and the founder editor of The Blind Spot.
In this episode, we discuss the rapid advancement of AI, including how tools like ChatGPT are transforming journalism, the ethics of AI, its role in uncovering hidden information, and whether full transparency will lead to societal improvements or chaos. We also discuss economic stagnation, the collapse of the middle class, and the impact of inflation on daily life. We also get into the over-regulation in Europe, how it’s falling behind in technological innovation, and the parallels between modern challenges and historical examples of power structures and corruption.
Ben Arc is an open-source developer and an advocate in the Bitcoin and Nostr ecosystems.
In this episode, we discuss the shift from centralised platforms like Twitter to decentralized systems, discussing how Nostr allows users to control their data and build communities without corporate interference. We get into Bitcoin’s evolution, synthesizing libertarian and socialist ideologies, the future of soft currencies, and the role of CBDCs in global economies. We also talk about the cultural significance of local currencies like the Welsh pound, the importance of free speech in a digital age, and how AI is transforming both daily life.
Ian Birrell is a renowned British journalist, columnist, and foreign correspondent, known for his work on global conflicts, social justice, and political reform.
In this episode, we discuss the failures of the prison system, whether it's true purpose is punishment or rehabilitation, and how countries like Norway and Texas are tackling recidivism with innovative approaches. We also get into Bitcoin’s role in empowering activists, the impact of social media on political tribalism, and Elon Musk’s controversial approach to free speech as well as the rise of political extremism, the decline of critical thinking, and the challenges of addressing the war on drugs and reforming criminal justice systems.
Fernando Nikolić, Director of Marketing and Communications at Blockstream and a passionate Bitcoin advocate, offers a unique perspective on Argentina's economic turmoil and the libertarian revolution unfolding today.
In this episode, we discuss the history of Argentina, exploring the impact of hyperinflation, political corruption, and the rise of populism. Fernando shares his thoughts on the impact of Juan Perón’s legacy, the devastation caused by decades of mismanagement, and the cultural factors that shaped the country’s economic collapse. We also discuss the rise of Javier Milei, the new libertarian leader, his drastic reforms, and the potential for Argentina to become a global libertarian test case.
Maajid Nawaz is a prominent counter-extremism activist, author, and former Islamist who has dedicated his life to combating radicalization.
In this episode, we discuss the complexities of modern Britain, the rise of extremism, the impact of divisive rhetoric, and the urgent need to rebuild societal trust. Maajid shares his insights on the weaponization of free speech, the failures of political leadership, and the challenges of integration and identity in a rapidly changing UK. We also get into his personal journey from radicalism to reform, the importance of shared values, and his vision for a new Britain.
Dominic Frisby is a financial writer, comedian, and commentator known for his takes on economics, tax reform, and freedom. Dominic is a vocal advocate for liberty, self-governance, and the importance of sound money.
In this episode, we dive into the state of personal freedom in the modern world and the battle for free speech. We explore the realities of high taxes, the lessons from Argentina’s economic chaos, and how libertarianism offers a path forward. We also look at the erosion of freedoms, the dangers of big government, and why taking control of your own life has never been more critical.
Silkie Carlo is the Director of Big Brother Watch, where she leads efforts to defend civil liberties and protect privacy rights against state surveillance. She is at the forefront of challenging the UK's invasive surveillance laws and advocating for the protection of free speech and personal freedoms.
In this episode, we dive into the growing government panopticon, the implications of mass surveillance on privacy and democracy, and the battles being fought to protect individual rights in a digital age. We explore the expansion of state power, the impact of technologies like facial recognition, and the threats posed by new laws, as Silkie provides an eye-opening account of the fight against a surveillance state determined to monitor and control.
Allen Farrington is a writer and investor. He co-wrote Bitcoin Is Venice and he’s a co-founder of Axiom, a Bitcoin-focused venture firm.
In this episode, we discuss the distortions caused by fiat money, the consequences of misallocated capital, and the philosophical underpinnings of a Bitcoin standard. We get into how these issues impact both individuals and economies, dissect the flaws of modern capitalism, and discuss how Bitcoin offers a path toward financial sovereignty and a more equitable economic future, as Allen provides a compelling case for why the current system is unsustainable and what can be done to change it.
Anna Chekhovich serves as the Financial Director at Navalny's Anti-Corruption Foundation, where she plays a key role in exposing corruption within Putin's regime and promoting transparency and justice in Russia. She also works as the Nonprofit Bitcoin Adoption Lead at The Human Rights Foundation.
In this episode, we discuss the challenges of fighting corruption inside Russia, the personal risks faced by opposition activists, and the state of civil liberties under Putin's rule. We explore Navalny’s impact, the internal dynamics of Russian politics, and the ongoing struggle for freedom, as Anna offers a first-hand account of life inside a system designed to suppress dissent and maintain control.
Gavin Sathianathan is the CEO of Research Smart and an advocate for medical cannabis and alternative therapies.
In this episode, we dive into the role of cannabis as a treatment for various health conditions, exploring the therapeutic potential of drugs in modern medicine. We discuss the challenges facing patients and practitioners in the current healthcare system and examine how alternative therapies are pushing the boundaries of conventional treatment.
Matthew Pines is the Director of Intelligence at SentinelOne and a National Security Fellow at the Bitcoin Policy Institute.
In this episode, we explore UAPs, simulation theory, remote viewing, and human consciousness. We discuss the potential implications of knowing that aliens are real and what this could mean for humanity - exploring the nature of reality and challenging our understanding of existence, as we discuss the intersection of advanced phenomena and human perception.
That’s a wrap! What Bitcoin Did is over, and what better way to close out the podcast than an episode with three of our favourite Bitcoiners, Jack Mallers, Matt Odell and Harry Sudock. In this one we did a little bit of reminiscing, discussed Bitcoin as hope, how the space is evolving and why we decided to end the podcast.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/what-bitcoin-did
This episode’s sponsors: IREN - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably. Swan Bitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Casa - Take control of your digital wealth CheatCode - Sydney, Australia Oct 25–26 XAPO Bank - The only way to bank your Bitcoin Ledn - Save. Borrow. Trade.
Troy Cross is a Professor of Philosophy and Humanities at Reed College & Chief Editor at The Nakamoto Project. In this interview, we discuss Democratic corruption & conspiracy, how Bitcoin transcends politics, Bitcoin’s morality & perception, and how we reach the next level of adoption.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/who-owns-bitcoin
This episode’s sponsors: IREN - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably. Swan Bitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Casa - Take control of your digital wealth CheatCode - Sydney, Australia Oct 25–26 XAPO Bank - The only way to bank your Bitcoin Ledn - Save. Borrow. Trade.
Jack Mallers is the CEO of Strike. In this interview, we discuss debt as time travel, how Jack would run the US, the broken fiat system, why society is crumbling, proof of work & why the world needs Bitcoin.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/jack-mallers-on-why-bitcoin
This episode’s sponsors: IREN - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably. Swan Bitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Casa - Take control of your digital wealth CheatCode - Sydney, Australia Oct 25–26 XAPO Bank - The only way to bank your Bitcoin Ledn - Save. Borrow. Trade.
Colin Harper is the editor-in-chief at Blockspace Media. In this interview, we discuss Bitcoin conferences and journalism, the evolution of Bitcoin culture, ossification, Nostr and the degradation of political discourse.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/the-bitcoin-evolution
This episode’s sponsors: IREN - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably. Swan Bitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Casa - Take control of your digital wealth CheatCode - Sydney, Australia Oct 25–26 XAPO Bank - The only way to bank your Bitcoin Ledn - Save. Borrow. Trade.
Harry Sudock is the Chief Strategy Officer at Griid. In this interview, we discuss Bitcoin mining in the US, how the mining industry has been on easy mode, what changed after the recent halving and businesses now have to adapt and level up to survive.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/bitcoin-level-2
This episode’s sponsors: IREN - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably. Swan Bitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Casa - Take control of your digital wealth CheatCode - Sydney, Australia Oct 25–26
Will Reeves is the CEO and a co-founder of Fold. In this interview, we discuss the phase shift that’s happening in Bitcoin right now, the importance of businesses creating satsflow, Fold going public and how Bitcoin is changing the world.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/all-in-on-bitcoin-will-reeves
This episode’s sponsors: IREN - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably. Swan Bitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Casa - Take control of your digital wealth CheatCode - Sydney, Australia Oct 25–26 XAPO Bank - The only way to bank your Bitcoin Ledn - Save. Borrow. Trade.
Dylan LeClair is the Director of Bitcoin Strategy at MetaPlanet and Senior Market Analyst at Bitcoin Magazine Pro. In this interview, we discuss Michael Saylor’s Bitcoin strategy, and how they are implementing this at Metaplanet.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/microstrategy-metaplanet-real-bedford
This episode’s sponsors: IREN - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably. Swan Bitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Casa - Take control of your digital wealth CheatCode - Sydney, Australia Oct 25–26 XAPO Bank - The only way to bank your Bitcoin Ledn - Save. Borrow. Trade.
Jameson Lopp is the co-founder & CTO of Casa. In this interview, we discuss politicians coming to Bitcoin, how Jameson was swatted, how to think about your Bitcoin security and the rise of physical attacks on Bitcoiners.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/protecting-your-bitcoin
This episode’s sponsors: IREN - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably. Swan Bitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Casa - Take control of your digital wealth CheatCode - Sydney, Australia Oct 25–26 XAPO Bank - The only way to bank your Bitcoin Ledn - Save. Borrow. Trade.
American HODL is an OG Bitcoin investor and Erik Cason is a cypherpunk and author of Cryptosovereignty: The Encrypted Political Philosophy of Bitcoin. In this interview, we discuss the transcendent orange political movement, re-forging the American meritocracy, and Bitcoin reformation vs revolution.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/bitcoin-reformation-or-revolution
This episode’s sponsors: IREN - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably. Swan Bitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Casa - Take control of your digital wealth CheatCode - Sydney, Australia Oct 25–26 XAPO Bank - The only way to bank your Bitcoin Ledn - Save. Borrow. Trade.
Mauricio Di Bartolomeo is a Founder & the Chief Strategy Officer of Ledn. In this interview, we discuss mining Bitcoin in Maduro’s Venezuela, the mining crackdown, escaping hyperinflation, shorting fiat, and how the world will come to Bitcoin.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/escaping-hyperinflation
This episode’s sponsors: IREN - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably. Swan Bitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Casa - Take control of your digital wealth CheatCode - Sydney, Australia Oct 25–26 XAPO Bank - The only way to bank your Bitcoin Ledn - Save. Borrow. Trade.
Lyn Alden is a macroeconomist, investment strategist and General Partner at Ego Death Capital. In this interview, we discuss the unwinding of the Japan carry trade, the Fed cutting interest rates, how broken money leads to social unrest and what all of this means for Bitcoin.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/lyn-alden-on-japans-unwinding-us-recession-social-unrest
This episode’s sponsors: IREN - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably. Swan Bitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Casa - Take control of your digital wealth CheatCode - Sydney, Australia Oct 25–26 XAPO Bank - The only way to bank your Bitcoin
Andrew Bailey, is a Professor of Philosophy at Yale-NUS College, Bradley Rettler is a Professor of Philosophy at the University of Wyoming and Craig Warmke is a Professor of Philosophy at Northern Illinois University. In this episode we discuss their book Resistance Money and the global net-benefits of Bitcoin.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/resistance-money
This episode’s sponsors: IREN - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably. Swan Bitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Casa - Take control of your digital wealth CheatCode - Sydney, Australia Oct 25–26 XAPO Bank - The only way to bank your Bitcoin
Eric Yakes is the Managing Partner at Epoch and the Author of The 7th Property: Bitcoin and the Monetary Revolution. In this interview, we discuss the economic theory of marginalism, how this translates to Bitcoin, Bitcoin adoption cycles and the challenges of investing in Bitcoin companies.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/bitcoin-marginalism
This episode’s sponsors:
IREN - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably. Swan Bitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Casa - Take control of your digital wealth CheatCode - Sydney, Australia Oct 25–26
Vivek Ramaswamy is an American entrepreneur. In this interview, we discuss fears about America’s current path, burgeoning state power, regulatory capture, dismantling the administrative state, restoring America's prosperity, and why American ideals are fundamentally aligned with Bitcoin.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/will-trump-be-the-first-bitcoin-president
This episode’s sponsors: IREN - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably. Swan Bitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Casa - Take control of your digital wealth CheatCode - Sydney, Australia Oct 25–26
Luke Gromen is the Founder and President of Forest for the Trees and Preston Pysh is a founder of The Investor Podcast Network. In this interview, we discuss the desperate global debt problem, American decline & global monetary strategies, Bitcoin vs dollar milkshake scenarios, and how the US could back treasuries with Bitcoin to alleviate its looming debt burden.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/the-us-government-needs-bitcoin
This episode’s sponsors: IREN - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably. Swan Bitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Casa - Take control of your digital wealth CheatCode - Sydney, Australia Oct 25–26
Matthew Pines is the Director of Intelligence at SentinelOne and a National Security Fellow at the Bitcoin Policy Institute. In this interview, we discuss geopolitical flashpoints of destabilisation, global nuclear-threat game theory, the implications of extraterrestrial technology, and the nation-state Bitcoin race.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/bitcoin-war-games
This episode’s sponsors: IREN - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably. Swan Bitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Casa - Take control of your digital wealth CheatCode - Sydney, Australia Oct 25–26
Rob Hamilton is a co-founder and the CEO of AnchorWatch. In this interview, we discuss polarisation in geopolitical vs Bitcoin spheres, American ethos and the Bitcoin-Trump alliance, the bitcoin-dollar games being played, Bitcoin leverage attacking the dollar, and Bitcoin’s adoption inflection point.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/bitcoins-inflection-point
This episode’s sponsors: IREN - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably. Swan Bitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Casa - Take control of your digital wealth CheatCode - Sydney, Australia Oct 25–26
Christian Keroles is the Director of Financial Freedom at the Human Rights Foundation. In this interview, we discuss the virality and volatility of the adoption chasm, mental models for hyperbitcoinisation, and the rewards of Bitcoin repricing the world.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/a-mental-framework-for-bitcoin
This episode’s sponsors: IREN - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably. Swan Bitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Casa - Take control of your digital wealth CheatCode - Sydney, Australia Oct 25–26
Brandon Quittem is the VP of Revenue at Swan Bitcoin. In this interview, we discuss The Fourth Turning, how the cycles play out and what they mean, the clear signs we’re in a fourth turning, the possibility of total war and how Bitcoin can be instrumental in the proceeding first turning.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/the-fourth-turning-is-here
This episode’s sponsors: IREN - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably. Swan Bitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Casa - Take control of your digital wealth CheatCode - Sydney, Australia Oct 25–26
Whitney Webb is an independent investigative journalist and founder of Unlimited Hangout & Mark Goodwin is the author of The Bitcoin Dollar. In this interview, we discuss the Bitcoin dollar system, corruption & compromised elites and proliferating the US dollar hegemony.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/the-bitcoin-us-dollar-hegemony
This episode’s sponsors: IREN - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably. Swan Bitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Casa - Take control of your digital wealth CheatCode - Sydney, Australia Oct 25–26
Whitney Webb is an independent investigative journalist and founder of Unlimited Hangout & Mark Goodwin is the author of The Bitcoin Dollar. In this interview, we discuss the bitcoin-dollar system, financial terrorism, and how intelligence agencies have captured elites, global finance firms, and tech giants to control a new monetary system.
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This episode’s sponsors: IREN - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably. Swan Bitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Casa - Take control of your digital wealth CheatCode - Sydney, Australia Oct 25–26
NVK is the founder of Coinkite and a board member at OpenSats. In this interview, we discuss the threat of centralised AI, building a decentralised alternative with Bitcoin, and the power of open source in resisting a surveillance technocracy.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/resisting-a-surveillance-technocracy
This episode’s sponsors: IREN - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably. Swan Bitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Casa - Take control of your digital wealth CheatCode - Sydney, Australia Oct 25–26
Charles Guillemet is the Chief Technology Officer at Ledger & Ian Rogers is Chief Experience Officer at Ledger. In this interview, we discuss vulnerabilities and the foundations of secure Bitcoin wallet design, exploits and grey markets, secure silicon vs opensource, and building tools for the future of digital freedom.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/the-coming-digital-dystopia
This episode’s sponsors: IREN - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably. Swan Bitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Casa - Take control of your digital wealth CheatCode - Sydney, Australia Oct 25–26
Matthew Mežinskis is the creator of the Crypto Voices podcast and Porkopolis Economics. In this interview we discuss the history of central bank debt and crises, money destruction & printing, hyperinflation, and Bitcoin’s base money update and price models.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/bitcoin-v-the-us-debt-bomb
This episode’s sponsors: IREN - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably. Swan Bitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Casa - Take control of your digital wealth CheatCode - Sydney, Australia Oct 25–26
The Rational Root is a Bitcoin on-chain & cycle analyst. In this interview, we discuss the Bitcoin ETF flows and how this cycle compares to previous ones, where we are on Root’s spiral chart, the supply dynamics at play and how liquid supply is dropping rapidly.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/is-the-bitcoin-cycle-broken
This episode’s sponsors: IREN - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably. Swan Bitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Casa - Take control of your digital wealth
Marshall Long is the Head of Architecture for Rhodium Enterprises. In this interview, we discuss the risks of mining centralisation from both the miner & pool perspective and how we can mitigate these and the geopolitical arms race for Bitcoin mining.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/the-bitcoin-mining-arms-race
This episode’s sponsors: IREN - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably. Swan Bitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Casa - Take control of your digital wealth
Aleks Svetski is an entrepreneur, author and Bitcoin advocate. In this interview, we discuss his upcoming book “The Bushido of Bitcoin,” governance & power vacuums, monarchy vs democracy, CEO-kings, and virtues for a Bitcoin world.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/a-bitcoin-society
This episode’s sponsors: IREN - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably. Swan Bitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Casa - Take control of your digital wealth
Checkmate is an on-chain analyst and founder of checkonchain. In this interview, we discuss the Mt.Gox coins that are about to hit the market, where we are in this cycle, ETF flows and the futures cash and carry trade and if Checkmate’s $250k price prediction is still in play.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/bitcoins-coiled-spring-with-checkmate
This episode’s sponsors: IREN - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably. Swan Bitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Casa - Take control of your digital wealth
Michael Goldstein is the co-host of the Noded Podcast and President of the Nakamoto Institute. In this interview, we discuss the re-launch of the Satoshi Nakamoto Institute, ending the fed, libertarianism, monetary economics, and preserving generational Bitcoin values.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/why-bitcoin-takes-all
This episode’s sponsors: IREN - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably. Swan Bitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Casa - Take control of your digital wealth
Michael Malice is an anarchist, author, and podcaster. In this interview, we discuss US & UK elections, Warren’s corruption, Trump’s legal case and whether Texas will secede from the United States.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/the-dysfunctional-state
This episode’s sponsors: IREN - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably. Swan Bitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Casa - Take control of your digital wealth
niftynei is a CoreLN contributor and a Bitcoin educator. In this interview, we discuss Bitcoin education, Lightning development, sovereignty, ecash, ossification, covenants, time-locks, tokens, and zero-knowledge tech.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/the-truth-about-bitcoin-scaling
This episode’s sponsors: IREN - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably. Swan Bitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Casa - Take control of your digital wealth
Lyn Alden is a macroeconomist and investment strategist. In this interview, we discuss the role of the Fed and central banks, fractional reserve vs free banking, how bitcoin could change these dynamics and if we should actually end the Federal Reserve System.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/will-bitcoin-end-central-banking-lyn-alden
This episode’s sponsors: IREN - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably. Swan Bitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Casa - Take control of your digital wealth
Casey Rodarmor is a bitcoin developer and the creator of the ordinals, inscriptions, and runes protocols. In this interview, we discuss ordinal theory & inscriptions, the purpose of runes and why these projects have received so much backlash.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/breaking-bitcoin-with-casey-rodarmor
This episode’s sponsors: IREN - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably. Swan Bitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Casa - Take control of your digital wealth
Marty Bent is a Venture Partner at Ten31 and founder of the Bitcoin-focused media company TFTC.io. In this interview, we discuss the state of corporate media, how the deep state is fighting bitcoin and the game theory of Bitcoin.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/the-bitcoin-white-pill
This episode’s sponsors: IREN - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably. Swan Bitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Casa - Take control of your digital wealth
Erik Voorhees is the founder of Satoshi Dice, ShapeShift & Venice.ai. In this interview, we discuss the size and role of government, the growth of Bitcoin & how it can help restrain the power of the state as well as Venice AI and the future of artificial intelligence.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/erik-voorhees-on-bitcoin-ai
This episode’s sponsors: IREN - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably. Swan Bitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Casa - Take control of your digital wealth
Natalie Smolenski founded and leads the Texas Bitcoin Foundation. In this interview, we discuss AI and its progression towards artificial general intelligence, the implications of AI in warfare, issues of censorship and governance, and the potential for misuse of AI in the future.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/the-ai-threat-to-freedom
This episode’s sponsors: IREN - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably. Swan Bitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Casa - Take control of your digital wealth
Derrick Broze is an investigative journalist, author, documentary filmmaker, and activist. In this interview, we discuss Trump & Bitcoin, the Ross Ulbricht case, the rise of the technocratic state, surveillance & privacy and the AI digital arms race.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/the-technocratic-state
This episode’s sponsors: IREN - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably. Swan Bitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Casa - Take control of your digital wealth
Tuur Demeester is a Bitcoin investor and economist. In this interview, we discuss government corruption and the spending spiral, the creep of communism, the need to embrace volatility, if we can salvage democracy in a humble revolution, and why 2024 is the year of Bitcoin mass adoption.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/the-bitcoin-powered-revolution
This episode’s sponsors: IREN - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably. Swan Bitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Casa - Take control of your digital wealth
Zack Voell is the Director of Marketing and Communications at Botanix Labs and Willem Schroe is Co-Founder and CEO at Botanix Labs and the Inventor of the Spiderchain. In this interview, we discuss how and why Botanix are bringing an Ethereum Virtual Machine to Bitcoin, the culture clash and building on Bitcoin.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/everything-is-coming-to-bitcoin
This episode’s sponsors: IREN - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably. Swan Bitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Casa - Take control of your digital wealth
Parker Lewis is a Bitcoin writer and educator and Head of Business Development at Zaprite. In this interview, we discuss scaling self-sovereignty vs sound money, code-changes, covenants, and risks in the regulatory, ETF, mining, and social layers.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/bitcoins-economic-incentives
This episode’s sponsors: IREN - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably. Swan Bitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Casa - Take control of your digital wealth Oslo Freedom Forum - June 3-5
Avik Roy is president of the Foundation for Research on Equal Opportunity think tank and a policy Editor at Forbes. In this interview, we discuss why Trump is supporting Bitcoin & crypto, the power of the growing Bitcoin voter base, and the coming fight with regulators.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/bitcoin-back-on-the-ballot
This episode’s sponsors: IREN - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably. Swan Bitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Casa - Take control of your digital wealth Oslo Freedom Forum - June 3-5
Ben Carman is a co-founder of The Bitcoin Company and contributes to many projects in Bitcoin, and Tony Giorgio is the co-founder and CEO of Mutiny Wallet. In this interview, we discuss the regulatory pressures on bitcoin developers, fighting for inalienable rights, sovereignty and building a robust ecash future.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/the-fight-for-bitcoin-carman-and-giorgio
This episode’s sponsors: IREN - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably. Swan Bitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Casa - Take control of your digital wealth Oslo Freedom Forum - June 3-5
Michael Saylor is the CEO of MicroStrategy. In this interview, we discuss ossification, user rights, sovereignty, funding Bitcoin development, the political war over digital asset regulation, and the sly roundabout revolution.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/bitcoin-is-forever-money
This episode’s sponsors: IREN - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably. Swan Bitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Casa - Take control of your digital wealth Oslo Freedom Forum - June 3-5
Matt Corallo is a Bitcoin Core developer and open-source engineer at Block/Spiral. In this interview, we discuss wallet software, money laundering, and government, decentralisation and privacy, Bitcoin’s big design challenges, and the path forward.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/an-existential-threat-to-bitcoin
This episode’s sponsors: IREN - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably. Swan Bitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Casa - Take control of your digital wealth Oslo Freedom Forum - June 3-5
Junseth is an OG Bitcoiner and the former co-host of Bitcoin Uncensored. In this show we dissect what started as a scam phishing call to Junseth and turned into an interview of the scammer, how people are vulnerable to scams, and how to protect yourself.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/the-bitcoin-scammer-uncensored
This episode’s sponsors: IREN - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably. Swan Bitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Casa - Take control of your digital wealth
Daniel Roberts is the co-founder of IREN. In this interview, we discuss surging demand vs power scarcity chokepoints, balance sheet strategies, changing AI & Bitcoin energy use narratives, mining in a bull-run and a multi-decade outlook.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/bitcoin-ai-power-scarcity
This episode’s sponsors: IREN - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably. Swan Bitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Casa - Take control of your digital wealth
Macro Alf is the founder of The Macro Compass, an investment strategy firm. In this interview, we discuss QE & debt in Japan, instability from artificial stability, if a recession is imminent, and the globally managed fiat decline.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/bitcoin-vs-the-fiat-decline
This episode’s sponsors: IREN - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably. Swan Bitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Casa - Take control of your digital wealth
NVK is the founder of Coinkite and a board member at OpenSats. In this interview, we discuss new incentives with increasing attacks on privacy, oppressive vs small government, market stoicism, and how entrepreneurs change the world.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/how-bitcoin-changes-the-world-with-nvk
This episode’s sponsors: IREN - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably. Swan Bitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Casa - Take control of your digital wealth
Lawrence Lepard is an Investment Manager and Austrian Economist and Quoth The Raven is an independent financial researcher. In this interview, we discuss how the dollar could fall, signals in the bond market, what central banks can do, and the debt spiral unwinding.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/the-fiat-apocalypse
This episode’s sponsors: IREN - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably. Swan Bitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Casa - Take control of your digital wealth
Gloria Zhao is a Bitcoin Core maintainer. In this interview, we discuss upgrading Bitcoin vs ossifying the protocol, ordinals and mempool “spam”, and the theory & ‘power’ of core developers.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/the-power-of-bitcoin
This episode’s sponsors: IREN - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably. Swan Bitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Casa - Take control of your digital wealth
Jack Mallers is the Founder & CEO of Strike, American HODL is a Bitcoin Educator, Alex Thorn is the Head of Firmwide Research at Galaxy and Calle is a Bitcoin developer working on Cashu. In this interview, we discuss why no one understands Bitcoin, ETFs & centralisation threats and the importance of funding development.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/nobody-understands-bitcoin-mallers-hodl-thorn-calle
This episode’s sponsors: IREN - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably. Swan Bitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Casa - Take control of your digital wealth
Harry Sudock is the Chief Strategy Officer at Griid, Will Roberts is the Co-CEO at IREN, Erik Hersman is the CEO of Gridless, Thomas Pacchia is a Board Member of Stronghold, & Dennis Porter is the CEO of Satoshi Action Fund. In this interview, they discuss bitcoin mining sustainability, accessing stranded energy and the halving.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/bitcoin-mining-a-paradigm-shift-in-energy
This episode’s sponsors: IREN - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably. Swan Bitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Casa - Take control of your digital wealth Consensus - Use code WBD20 to get 20% off your pass
Seth for Privacy is a privacy advocate and Head of Strategy and Marketing at Foundation and Bitcoin Q+A is a Bitcoin educator and Head of Customer Experience at Foundation. In this interview, we discuss the recent indictment against the founders of Samourai Wallet.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/first-they-came-for-samourai
This episode’s sponsors: IREN - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably. Swan Bitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Casa - Take control of your digital wealth Consensus - Use code WBD20 to get 20% off your pass
Andrew Bailey, Bradley Rettler and Craig Warmke are all professors of Philosophy, Allen Farrington is an investor and author of Bitcoin is Venice. In this interview, they discuss Bitcoin in academia, the Resistance Money thesis and the philosophy of money and Bitcoin.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/bitcoin-is-resistance-money
This episode’s sponsors: IREN - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably. Swan Bitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Casa - Take control of your digital wealth Consensus - Use code WBD20 to get 20% off your pass
Lyn Alden is a macroeconomist, Natalie Brunell is the host of the Coin Stories Podcast, Alex Thorn is the Head of Firmwide Research at Galaxy, Thomas Pacchia is co-owner of Pubkey, and Christopher Gordon from Bridge2Bitcoin. In this interview, they discuss how Bitcoin wins, and the CheatCode for business.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/how-bitcoin-wins
This episode’s sponsors: IREN - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably. Swan Bitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Casa - Take control of your digital wealth Consensus - Use code WBD20 to get 20% off your pass
Alex Gladstein is the Chief Strategy Officer at the Human Rights Foundation and Natalie Smolenski founded and leads the Texas Bitcoin Foundation. In this interview, they discuss how Bitcoin is a cheat code for human rights, privacy, sovereignty and the reciprocal loss of trust.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/bitcoin-human-rights
This episode’s sponsors: IREN - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably. Swan Bitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Casa - Take control of your digital wealth
Lyn Alden is a macroeconomist, Preston Pysh is a founder of The Investor Podcast Network, Allen Farrington is the author of Bitcoin Is Venice & Max Hillebrand is an economist & entrepreneur. In this interview, they discuss Bitcoin vs fiat, inflation and why Bitcoin is the best money.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/the-economics-of-bitcoin
This episode’s sponsors: IREN - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably. Swan Bitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Casa - Take control of your digital wealth
In this episode, we have a panel from the recent CheatCode conference. This panel was titled A CheatCode for Payments, and was hosted by Natalie Brunell, with Calle (Cashu), Obi Nwosu (Fedi) & Ben Arc (LNBits). They discussed the past & present of Ecash, the power of lightning and the future of payments.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/a-cheatcode-for-payments
This episode’s sponsors: IREN - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably. Swan Bitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Casa - Take control of your digital wealth
In this interview, American HODL, Preston Pysh, Harry Sudock and Jeff Booth join us from the recent CheatCode conference. We discuss why bitcoin matters, the paradigm shift in money and the transition to a new system.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/a-paradigm-shift-in-money
This episode’s sponsors: IREN - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably. Swan Bitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Casa - Take control of your digital wealth
Oscar Merry is the Founder of Fountain podcasts. In this interview, we discuss how the subscription model on the internet is changing and the power of value for value Bitcoin payments.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/the-bitcoin-value-for-value-thesis
This episode’s sponsors: IREN - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably. Swan Bitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Casa - Take control of your digital wealth
Freddie New is the Head of Policy at Bitcoin Policy UK. In this interview, we discuss current and proposed legislation affecting Bitcoin and why it often backfires, changing minds on Bitcoin, UK Bitcoin allies and how we win.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/defeating-the-regulators
This episode’s sponsors: IREN - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably. Swan Bitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Casa - Take control of your digital wealth
Nicholas Bowick is a systems engineer in the aerospace industry. In this interview, we discuss emergent behaviors in complex systems, positive and negative feedback loops and chaos vs systemic antifragility.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/why-bitcoins-design-fixes-money
This episode’s sponsors: IREN - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably. Swan Bitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here CheatCode - Bedford, UK - April 12-13 Casa - Take control of your digital wealth
Alex Gladstein is Chief Strategy Officer at the Human Rights Foundation. In this interview, we discuss the ultimate bitcoin use cases. How it is used in commerce, for freedom and how it fundamentally changes energy systems.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/the-ultimate-bitcoin-use-cases
This episode’s sponsors: IREN - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably. Swan Bitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here CheatCode - Bedford, UK - April 12-13 Casa - Take control of your digital wealth
James Lavish is a macro analyst, and Eric Yakes is the author of The 7th Property. In this interview, we discuss Wall Street’s arrival into Bitcoin, why TradFi struggles to understand it and how Bitcoin is a new paradigm for investors.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/wall-street-embraces-bitcoin
This episode’s sponsors: IREN - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably. Swan Bitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here CheatCode - Bedford, UK - April 12-13 Casa - Take control of your digital wealth
American HODL is an OG Bitcoin investor. In this interview, we discuss ordinals & ‘spam’, why bitcoin makes for a better world, if Wall Street will attempt to change Bitcoin and why we are still so, so early.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/bitcoin-were-still-early
This episode’s sponsors: IREN - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably. Swan Bitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here CheatCode - Bedford, UK - April 12-13 Casa - Take control of your digital wealth
Vortex is a developer and OG Bitcoin podcaster. In this interview, we look back at the blocksize wars, talk about the challenges upgrading Bitcoin, the dangers of ossification and get into covenants and LNHance.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/why-we-must-upgrade-bitcoin
This episode’s sponsors: IREN - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably. Swan Bitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here CheatCode - Bedford, UK - April 12-13 Casa - Take control of your digital wealth
Mark Moss is a serial entrepreneur, author, speaker and host of The Mark Moss Show. In this interview, we discuss how to play the game of money, using debt and inflation to your advantage and how to retire off Bitcoin.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/how-to-play-the-money-game
This episode’s sponsors: Iren - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably. Swan Bitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here CheatCode - Bedford, UK - April 12-13 Casa - Take control of your digital wealth
Bitcoin Mechanic is a Bitcoin educator and Chief Boiling Officer at OCEAN. In this interview, we discuss the issues with arbitrary data on the Bitcoin blockchain, if filters can work as well as OCEAN mining pool and the need for greater decentralisation in mining.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/the-battle-for-bitcoin-with-bitcoin-mechanic
This episode’s sponsors: IREN - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably. Swan Bitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here CheatCode - Bedford, UK - April 12-13 Casa - Take control of your digital wealth
Andy Edstrom is a financial advisor, and the author of Why Buy Bitcoin.Bitcoin. In this interview, we discuss Michael Saylor’s Bitcoin strategy, Bitcoin vs gold & real estate as well as demand, adoption and the four year cycle.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/michael-saylors-bitcoin-moonshot-revisited
This episode’s sponsors: IREN - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably. Swan Bitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here CheatCode - Bedford, UK - April 12-13 Casa - Take control of your digital wealth
David Seroy is a ZK rollup researcher. In this interview, we discuss the tradeoffs when scaling Bitcoin, the reality of ZK rollups in theory vs in practice as well as, the fee market and MEV on Bitcoin.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/the-challenge-of-scaling-bitcoin
This episode’s sponsors: IREN - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably. Swan Bitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here CheatCode - Bedford, UK - April 12-13 Casa - Take control of your digital wealth
Nik Bhatia is the founder of ‘The Bitcoin Layer’ & author of ‘Layered Money’. In this interview, we discuss Bitcoin as an optimal base layer for the financial system, how the largest economic actors may be allocating to Bitcoin, and where the price could go.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/bitcoin-etfs-have-changed-the-game
This episode’s sponsors: IREN - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably. Swan Bitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here CheatCode - Bedford, UK - April 12-13 Casa - Take control of your digital wealth Bitcoin Policy Summit - Washington, D.C - April 9th, 2024
Grant McCarty is the Co-Executive Director of the Bitcoin Policy Institute. In this interview, we discuss evangelism and the Bitcoin revolution, why BPI is a crucial resource, flawed incentives in the education system, journalism and the shifting perception of Bitcoin.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/the-maturing-bitcoin-narrative
This episode’s sponsors: Iren - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably. Swan Bitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here CheatCode - Bedford, UK - April 12-13 Casa - Take control of your digital wealth Bitcoin Policy Summit - Washington, D.C - April 9th, 2024
Raphael Zagury is a CIO at Swan Bitcoin. In this interview, we discuss Bitcoin adoption, how the ETFs changed everything, Bitcoin vs real estate and Bitcoin portfolio allocation.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/the-perfect-bitcoin-allocation
This episode’s sponsors: Iren - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably. Swan Bitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here CheatCode - Bedford, UK - April 12-13 Casa - Take control of your digital wealth Bitcoin Policy Summit - Washington, D.C - April 9th, 2024
Dhruv Bansal is a co-founder of Unchained Capital. In this interview, we discuss how Satoshi approached creating Bitcoin, Bitcoin’s deep relationship with time, how markets drive decentralisation, and scaling vs ossification.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/bitcoin-satoshis-vision
This episode’s sponsors: Iren - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably. Swan Bitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here CheatCode - Bedford, UK - April 12-13 Casa - Take control of your digital wealth Bitcoin Policy Summit - Washington, D.C - April 9th, 2024
Samson Mow is the CEO at JAN3, the developer of Aqua Bitcoin, architect of Bitcoin Bonds and CEO at PixelMatic. In this interview, we discuss orange pilling nation states, scaling bitcoin to billions with Liquid and AQUA, and why he thinks Bitcoin could reach $1 million by 2025.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/the-case-for-1-million-bitcoin
This episode’s sponsors: Iren - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably. Swan Bitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here CheatCode - Bedford, UK - April 12-13
The Rational Root is a Bitcoin on-chain & cycle analyst. In this interview, we discuss the pace of the current bull market, the impact of spot ETFs, what we can expect post-halving, and changing dynamics in the market.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/bitcoins-biggest-bull-run
This episode’s sponsors: IREN - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably. Swan Bitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here CheatCode - Bedford, UK - April 12-13
Checkmate is Glassnode’s Lead On-chain Analyst and creator of checkonchain. In this interview, we discuss the validity of on-chain data, the different phases of the market, the impact of spot Bitcoin ETFs & how Wall St are coming for your Bitcoin.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/the-wall-street-bull-market
This episode’s sponsors: Iren - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably. Swan Bitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here CheatCode - Bedford, UK - April 12-13
Grant Gilliam is the co-founder and Managing Partner at Ten31. In this interview, we discuss the state of venture capital in Bitcoin, the importance of sats flow, and Bitcoin treasury strategies.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/the-bitcoin-strategy
This episode’s sponsors: Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably Swan Bitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here CheatCode - Bedford, UK - April 12-13
Doomberg is an anonymous collective producing the world’s most popular financial substack. In this interview, we discuss why 2024 could be bullish for gold, global monetary warfare, the role of Bitcoin and the chaos of the election year.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/the-year-of-sound-money-with-doomberg
This episode’s sponsors: Iren - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably. Swan Bitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here OpenSats - Support free and open source contributors CheatCode - Bedford, UK - April 12-13 PlebLab - Startup Day - March 14 2023
John Light is a bitcoin researcher working on product at Sovryn and previously the ZK-Rollup Research Fellow at the Human Rights Foundation. In this interview, we discuss rollups on Bitcoin, privacy & scaling and scaling bitcoin in a self sovereign way.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/scaling-bitcoin-privately
This episode’s sponsors: Iren - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably. Swan Bitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here OpenSats - Support free and open source contributors CheatCode - Bedford, UK - April 12-13 PlebLab - Startup Day - March 14 2024
John Arnold is a Principal at Ten31. In this interview, we compare tradfi to bitcoin, discuss Bitcoin’s total addressable market, why bitcoin is a paradigm shift for businesses and how Bitcoin is eating the world.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/bitcoin-is-eating-the-world
This episode’s sponsors: Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably Swan Bitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here OpenSats - Support free and open source contributors CheatCode - Bedford, UK - April 12-13
Dennis Porter is the CEO & co-founder of the Satoshi Action Fund. In this interview, we discuss Satoshi Action Fund’s mission, the importance of self custody, working with regulators and the challenges of pushing pro-bitcoin regulation.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/the-right-to-bitcoin
This episode’s sponsors: Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably Swan Bitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here OpenSats - Support free and open source contributors CheatCode - Bedford, UK - April 12-13
Macro Alf is the founder of The Macro Compass, an investment strategy firm. In this interview, we discuss government spending, debt & deficits as well as the death of the dollar and the role of Bitcoin in the macroeconomic environment.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/will-the-dollar-implode
This episode’s sponsors: Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably Swan Bitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here OpenSats - Support free and open source contributors CheatCode - Bedford, UK - April 12-13
Shinobi is a pseudonymous Bitcoin educator and the technical editor at Bitcoin Magazine. In this interview, we discuss scaling bitcoin in a self-sovereign way, covenants, OP_CAT and Bitcoin development culture & risks.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/the-bitcoin-scaling-dilemma
This episode’s sponsors: Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably Swan Bitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here OpenSats - Support free and open source contributors CheatCode - Bedford, UK - April 12-13
Quoth The Raven is an independent financial researcher. In this interview, we discuss why he was sceptical about Bitcoin, his distrust in the traditional system, inflation & quantitative easing and what led to him changing his mind on Bitcoin.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/the-bitcoin-revolution
This episode’s sponsors: IREN - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably Swan Bitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here CheatCode - Bedford, UK - April 12-13
Whitney Webb is an independent investigative journalist and founder of Unlimited Hangout & Mark Goodwin is Editor in Chief at Bitcoin Magazine. In this interview, we discuss the BlackRock ETF, their plans for a new financial system, media psy-ops & tokenizing everything.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/why-we-shouldnt-trust-blackrock
This episode’s sponsors: Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably Swan Bitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here CheatCode - Bedford, UK - April 12-13
Seb Bunney is the co-founder of Looking Glass Education and author of The Hidden Cost of Money. In this interview, we discuss what money is, the effect that broken money has on society, fiat incentives and how Bitcoin fixes this.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/the-hidden-cost-of-money
This episode’s sponsors: Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably Swan Bitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here CheatCode - Bedford, UK - April 12-13
Colin Harper is Head of Research and Content at Luxor Technology. In this interview, we discuss Bitcoin adoption, media FUD, the impact of the halving on miners and we look back at the mining industry in 2023.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/bitcoin-adoption-the-halving-mining
This episode’s sponsors: Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably Swan Bitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here
Sam Callahan is the Senior Analyst at Swan Bitcoin and host of Swan Signal. In this interview, we discuss hyperbitcoinisation, the Bank for International Settlement, and the threat of central bank digital currencies.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/bitcoins-cbdc-shadow
This episode’s sponsors:
Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably Swan Bitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Braiins - Bitcoin Mining Company
Carla Kirk-Cohen is a software engineer working on the Lightning Network at Chaincode Labs & a Board Member at Btrust. In this interview, we discuss bitcoin development & how it is currently funded, development culture & the state of the Lightning Network.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/bitcoin-dev-culture
This episode’s sponsors: Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably Swan Bitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Braiins - Bitcoin Mining Company
Harry Sudock is the Chief Strategy Officer at Griid. In this interview, we discuss the importance of Bitcoin third places, censorship, ETFs & adoption, bitcoin mining and whether Bitcoin has just crossed the Chasm.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/is-bitcoin-crossing-the-chasm-with-harry-sudock
This episode’s sponsors: Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably SwanBitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Braiins - Bitcoin Mining Company
Preston Pysh is a co-founder of The Investor Podcast Network and Nico Lechuga is a General Partner at Ego Death Capital. In this interview, we discuss Bitcoin’s compound growth, how to gauge bitcoin adoption and how bitcoin is repricing the world.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/repricing-the-world-in-bitcoin
This episode’s sponsors: Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet SwanBitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan Braiins - Bitcoin Mining Company
Sam Abbassi is the founder and CEO of Hoseki and Xander Carpousis is Chief Revenue Officer at Hoseki. In this interview, we discuss the launch of the Bitcoin ETFs and the importance of transparency, proof of reserves and gold vs Bitcoin.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/avoiding-the-bitcoin-etf-rug-pull
This episode’s sponsors: Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Wasabi Wallet - Privacy by default Unchained - Secure your bitcoin with confidence Bitcoin Atlantis - A Bitcoin conference in the Atlantic SwanBitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan
Marty Bent is a Venture Partner at Ten31 and founder of the Bitcoin-focused media company TFTC.io, Harry Sudock is Chief Strategy Officer at Griid and Parker Lewis is a Bitcoin writer and educator and Head of Business Development at Zaprite. In this interview, we discussed bitcoin mining, regulations, ETFs and Bitcoin culture wars.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/live-in-nashville-bent-sudock-lewis
This episode’s sponsors: Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Wasabi Wallet - Privacy by default Unchained - Secure your bitcoin with confidence Bitcoin Atlantis - A Bitcoin conference in the Atlantic SwanBitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan
Dylan LeClair is a Bitcoin and macro analyst working for Bitcoin Magazine. In this interview, we discuss the pros and cons of spot ETFs, Bitcoin accelerationism and the culture war around ordinals and inscriptions.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/accelerate-bitcoin
This episode’s sponsors: Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably itcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Wasabi Wallet - Privacy by default Unchained - Secure your bitcoin with confidence Bitcoin Atlantis - A Bitcoin conference in the Atlantic SwanBitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan
Pete Rizzo is the editor of Bitcoin Magazine, and one of Bitcoin’s leading journalists. In this interview, we discuss the role of Ordinals, Inscriptions and BRC20 tokens, whether they are a positive or negative for Bitcoin and the growing divide in Bitcoin culture.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/the-bullish-case-for-ordinals
This episode’s sponsors: Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Wasabi Wallet - Privacy by default Unchained - Secure your bitcoin with confidence Bitcoin Atlantis - A Bitcoin conference in the Atlantic SwanBitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan
Dave Smith is a comedian and host of ‘Part Of The Problem Podcast’. In this interview, we discuss libertarianism, government responses to COVID and the political climate in the UK and US. We also reflect on economic challenges facing individuals, particularly the younger generation's struggle with housing affordability, whilst critiquing government control over money and how Bitcoin limits this power. The episode also covers the role of comedians in defending free speech.
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In this episode, I had the privilege of sitting down with the legend that is Dave Smith, comedian, political commentator, and libertarian activist, to explore a myriad of topics that are shaping our world today. From the nuances of libertarianism to the transformative potential of Bitcoin, our conversation delved into the heart of current societal and economic challenges.
We covered the government's response to the pandemic, the influence of experts and politicians, and the pressing need to counter propaganda. The conversation progressed to the role of libertarianism in politics and the common misconceptions that cloud its true essence. We then discussed the societal impacts of social media, the Israel-Palestine conflict, and the rise of feminism.
Economic issues are at the heart of a lot of societies' pivotal problems, such as the growing wealth divide and the impact of inflation on everyday life. We shared stories of individuals struggling to afford housing and basic necessities, despite their hard work. These stories speak to the erosion of the middle class and the direction of society as the concept of money loses its value and the government's control over the money supply is shown to be a charade.
The rising cost of living and its effects led us to the topic of Bitcoin. Dave articulated his support for it as a tool to challenge government control over money, underscoring its potential to prevent wars and promote peace. Our conversation ended with us celebrating the crucial role of comedians in safeguarding freedom of expression, underscoring the importance of challenging authority and advocating for liberty in an ever-changing world.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/the-orange-pill
This episode’s sponsors: Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Wasabi Wallet - Privacy by default Unchained - Secure your bitcoin with confidence Bitcoin Atlantis - A Bitcoin conference in the Atlantic SwanBitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan
Hunter Horsley is the Co-founder and CEO of Bitwise. In this interview, we discuss the launch of the Bitcoin ETFs, including the impact on investors and the investment market, and the broader implications for the monetary system and the future of Bitcoin. We talk about regulatory challenges and the importance of educating financial advisors on Bitcoin. The conversation also covers the mechanics of ETFs, the role of authorized participants and the services Bitwise provide.
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The approval of the Bitcoin ETFs marks a historic moment, akin to the launch of the first gold ETF in 2003, and sets the stage for future developments in the ETF space. However, the road to launching a Bitcoin ETF has been fraught with regulatory hurdles and challenges. Hunter Horsley sheds light on the arduous process Bitwise underwent to obtain approval for their ETF.
One of the most significant advantages of a Bitcoin ETF is providing a regulated and disciplined investment option for Bitcoin. Hunter highlights how ETFs offer investors peace of mind and protection against risks, which is particularly beneficial for retirement accounts like IRAs. The introduction of the ETF has also led to a substantial reduction in fees, making Bitcoin investment more accessible and cost-effective.
We discuss how the introduction of Bitcoin ETFs has changed the landscape for financial advisors. Historically, advisors were reluctant to recommend Bitcoin due to its volatility and perceived risks. However, the ETF provides a more secure and familiar investment vehicle, which is shifting attitudes in the market. Hunter stresses the need for education and resources to help advisors incorporate Bitcoin into their clients' portfolios.
Hunter foresees a future where most investment portfolios will include some allocation towards Bitcoin. This shift could introduce a significant new buyer into the market. With the macroeconomic backdrop, potential rate cuts, and the upcoming halving, there is optimism about the setup and potential benefits for investors. There is now real potential for Bitcoin to become a relevant asset for long-term-oriented investors.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/orange-pilling-wall-street
This episode’s sponsors: Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Wasabi Wallet - Privacy by default Unchained - Secure your bitcoin with confidence Bitcoin Atlantis - A Bitcoin conference in the Atlantic SwanBitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan
Lyn Alden is a macroeconomist and investment strategist. In this interview, we discuss the challenges of promoting Bitcoin and its growing acceptance in mainstream media and finance. We delve into Bitcoin scaling, the trade-offs between self-sovereignty and convenience, and the need for education to onboard new users. The episode also covers Bitcoin's role in countries with economic challenges, the empowerment it offers individuals and its transformative potential in society.
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Promoting Bitcoin is no walk in the park. We, as advocates, face resistance from various entities. The scepticism isn't surprising, given the disruptive nature of Bitcoin, but it underscores the need for persistent education to change perceptions and address the biases that often cloud the true potential of this technology. In this latest podcast with Lyn Alden, we dissect the multifaceted nature of Bitcoin, its challenges, and its profound impact on the global stage.
We discuss the marked shift in how Bitcoin is being portrayed in the media, which could signal a move towards hyperbitcoinization – the point where Bitcoin becomes the predominant form of money globally. We also touched on the impact of ETFs on Bitcoin, which could potentially bring more mainstream acceptance and investment into the cryptocurrency space.
I questioned Lyn regarding one of the most contentious topics surrounding Bitcoin i.e. its environmental impact. The energy consumption narrative has been a sticking point for critics, yet Bitcoin mining can incentivize renewable energy development and provide a use case for excess energy that would otherwise go to waste. Moreover, the positive effects of Bitcoin projects in Africa, where access to energy can be a challenge, demonstrate the nuanced relationship between Bitcoin and the environment.
A significant part of our discussion revolved around the scaling of Bitcoin and the concept of self-sovereignty. As Bitcoin grows, the base chain becomes more expensive to use, raising questions about the trade-offs between self-sovereignty and convenience. We talk about the role of the Lightning Network and the importance of education in onboarding new users. We also cover the concept of "mints", which could revolutionize the way Bitcoin is managed and distributed.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/the-economics-of-bitcoin-scaling
This episode’s sponsors: Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Wasabi Wallet - Privacy by default Unchained - Secure your bitcoin with confidence Bitcoin Atlantis - A Bitcoin conference in the Atlantic SwanBitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan
James Seyffart is an analyst for Bloomberg Intelligence covering ETFs, and Alex Thorn is the Head of Firmwide Research at Galaxy. In this interview, we explore the implications of the recently launched Bitcoin ETFs. We delve into the mechanics of ETF trading, analyse how ETFs might reduce Bitcoin's volatility, and speculate on the future introduction of Ethereum ETFs and their potential effects.
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There’s an old joke about waiting ages for a bus only for three to finally arrive at once. Well, after a decade of submissions, arguments and delays, 11 Bitcoin spot ETFs were given the green light by the SEC on Wednesday 10th January, then launched onto the market on Thursday 11th January where they attracted $4.6 billion in investment. This broke records for ETF investment. I have had the chance to speak to Alex Thorn and James Seyffart about this seismic event.
But what exactly are Bitcoin ETFs, and how do they function? In essence, these financial instruments allow investors to buy and sell shares that represent a certain amount of Bitcoin, so individuals can invest in Bitcoin without the complexities of directly buying, storing, and securing the asset. The value of each share is pegged to a fraction of a Bitcoin, making it more accessible to retail traders and opening the door for a broader audience to participate in the Bitcoin market.
One of the most intriguing aspects of Bitcoin ETFs is their potential to dampen the volatility of Bitcoin's spot market. A substantial portion of Bitcoin will now be held in advisor accounts, which are not prone to frequent trading. This shift could lead to more stability in the market, as Bitcoin is placed in "stronger hands." Bitcoin ETFs might also alter the pattern of surges in altcoin prices, as Bitcoin becomes less readily available for quick trades into other cryptocurrencies.
The revolutionary nature of Bitcoin and its potential to empower individuals cannot be overstated. We reflected on the need for broader support from institutions and investors to unlock Bitcoin's full potential. Regulatory challenges, such as proposed AML legislation, pose significant hurdles that could impact competitiveness, market growth and restrictions on Bitcoin's use. It's crucial therefore for ETF issuers to promote the true value of Bitcoin and oppose restrictive legislation.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/the-arrival-of-bitcoin-etfs
This episode’s sponsors: Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Wasabi Wallet - Privacy by default Unchained - Secure your bitcoin with confidence Bitcoin Atlantis - A Bitcoin conference in the Atlantic SwanBitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan
Aaron Van Wirdum is a Bitcoin journalist and author of ‘The Genesis Book’. In this interview, we discuss the history of Bitcoin, including the importance of consensus algorithms and public key cryptography, early scepticism towards Bitcoin from cypherpunks, Satoshi's decision to remain anonymous, and its fixed monetary policy. We also talk about the influence of Austrian economics on Bitcoin's foundation, and the significance of privacy in digital transactions.
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The esteemed journalist Aaron Van Wirdum has authored a new book on the origins of Bitcoin called ‘The Genesis Book’. Our discussion naturally focuses on the influence of Austrian economics: Aaron explains how Hayek's ideas about money supply were instrumental in shaping Bitcoin’s principles, and how the cypherpunk movement of the 90s aspired to create technologies beyond government control - echoing Hayek's vision of market-driven money.
We examine the reasons behind the failure of early digital cash projects and the lessons learned that paved the way for Bitcoin's success. Hashcash and its Proof of Work (PoW) concept, developed by Adam Back, was a key innovation contributing to the creation of Bitcoin. Equally important was the role of cypherpunks in exploring electronic scarcity and the transferability of digital cash, particularly Nick Szabo’s efforts in addressing the double spend problem.
Aaron explains how Bitcoin emerged, and the significance of its white paper in introducing a novel approach that integrated currency creation technology and consensus algorithms through PoW. Reflecting on the early days of Bitcoin, we discussed the initial reaction towards Bitcoin's proposal from the cypherpunk movement and the importance of the mailing list. We also touch upon the significance of Satoshi’s anonymity and the timing of Bitcoin's launch.
This episode is a deep dive into the confluence of history, economics, and cryptography that has shaped the world of Bitcoin and digital currency. As we explored the origins, challenges, and innovations that have led us to this point, including the critical Blocksize wars. The journey of Bitcoin is as much about the past as it is about the future. And, it's a narrative that continues to unfold.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/the-genesis-of-bitcoin
This episode’s sponsors: Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Wasabi Wallet - Privacy by default Unchained - Secure your bitcoin with confidence Bitcoin Atlantis - A Bitcoin conference in the Atlantic SwanBitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan
Giacomo Zucco is a Bitcoin educator, John Carvalho is CEO of Synonym, and Matt Corallo is a Bitcoin Core developer and open-source engineer at Block/Spiral. In this interview, we discuss how to scale Bitcoin while maintaining self-sovereignty.
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The best way to scale Bitcoin has been a hot topic since its inception. Whether it be through Bitcoin-backed banks as Hal Finney suggested back in 2010, increasing the throughput on the Bitcoin blockchain, layer 2 solutions like the Lightning Network, or federated custodian options like Fedimints.
Over the past year, the surge in Bitcoin transaction fees, largely attributed to the emergence of BRC20 tokens, ordinals, and inscriptions, has once again brought the topic of scaling Bitcoin to the forefront of conversation. High fees have priced smaller transactions out of the market, and the Lightning Network, hailed as a potential solution to scalability challenges, has faced some initial hurdles.
The different scaling solutions all have different trade-offs. Trustlessness and trust minimization are key tenets of Bitcoin, ensuring that users do not need to trust any central authority or third party. The Lightning Network aligns with these principles as it enables trustless, peer-to-peer transactions, reducing the need for custodial services and enhancing individual control over funds.
While Bitcoin's primary focus is on decentralization and self-sovereignty, some developments, such as the concept of the "Wallet of Satoshi" or Bitcoin ETFs, aim to make Bitcoin more accessible and user-friendly to a broader audience. Wallet of Satoshi is a custodial Lightning wallet designed to simplify the user experience, while Bitcoin ETFs provide a means for traditional investors to gain exposure to Bitcoin without directly holding the asset. These developments have the potential to expand Bitcoin's adoption, but may raise concerns about centralization and counterparty risk.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/scaling-bitcoin-with-zucco-carvalho-corallo
This episode’s sponsors: Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Wasabi Wallet - Privacy by default Unchained - Secure your Bitcoin with confidence Bitcoin Atlantis - A Bitcoin conference in the Atlantic SwanBitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan
Rachel Geyer is Head of Education at Terahash, co-founder of Les Femmes Orange and Vice-Chair of the European Bitcoin Energy Association. In this interview, we delve into Bitcoin's role in addressing energy challenges and fostering sustainable mining practices in Europe. We also discuss the formation of the EBEA, the importance of engaging with policymakers to prevent the banning of PoW and the growth of Bitcoin communities in Europe.
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Rachel Geyer’s story is a testament to the transformative power of Bitcoin. Initially sceptical, her son's enthusiasm for the digital currency in 2017 piqued her interest. Rachel's growing fascination with Bitcoin spurred her to seek opportunities within the industry in her homeland of Germany. Her conviction that individuals should invest their talents domestically, especially in the context of Bitcoin, resonates with the idea that innovation can flourish anywhere.
We discussed the intricacies of Bitcoin within the energy sector. Rachel stressed how individuals within companies could influence decision-makers by showcasing the benefits of Bitcoin mining. She shared Terahash’s approach to showing how Bitcoin mining tackles energy challenges, including working with landfill companies and miners to create long-term, eco-friendly projects; a strategy that could have far-reaching implications for Europe's energy landscape.
Contrary to the perception that Europe lags behind the US in Bitcoin adoption, Rachel provided a compelling argument for Europe's burgeoning Bitcoin scene. She pointed to the growth of meetups and projects in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland, and the development of Bitcoin innovations across the continent. These innovations are crucial for driving adoption and showcasing Europe's unique contributions to the Bitcoin ecosystem.
Rachel also explained how Terahash is building a hash rate market for European investors, and the details behind them helping to establish the European Bitcoin Energy Association to promote the benefits of Bitcoin mining and defend Proof of Work. Collaboration is key, and Rachel emphasised the importance of engaging with policymakers, miners, and energy institutions to develop sustainable solutions.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/bitcoin-in-europe
This episode’s sponsors: Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Wasabi Wallet - Privacy by default Unchained - Secure your bitcoin with confidence Bitcoin Atlantis - A Bitcoin conference in the Atlantic SwanBitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan
Allen Farrington is the co-author of ‘Bitcoin Is Venice’ and Eric Yakes is the author of ‘The 7th Property’. In this interview, we do a deep dive into the future of the Bitcoin-centric financial system, focusing on self-sovereignty, scalability, and the future of banking. We also explore the potential of Bitcoin to serve as a superior form of money addressing issues of custody and sovereignty, and the separation of money from state influence.
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The development of Bitcoin’s ecosystem is a balancing act: making Bitcoin scale whilst ensuring it maintains its offer as a medium for self-sovereignty. In this podcast, we discuss the current trade offs being debated within the community, focusing on the impact of high transaction costs, whether the Lightning Network equates to true self-sovereignty, a growing concern that UTXO ownership might become a privilege, and the role of covenants.
The underlying issue is the potential for the community to develop a neutral financial system directed by market participants. We discuss the potential for Bitcoin to serve as a better form of money, particularly in terms of its scarcity, its speed and cost of movement benefits, and the potential for shared custody models. We address the risks and trade-offs associated with moving into a Bitcoin-centric financial system, particularly in terms of custody and sovereignty.
Eric and Alan explore the idea of reducing information asymmetry and constraints within economies, and the implications for fractional reserve systems. They emphasize the importance of creating systems that increase information transparency and reduce the likelihood of fraudulent activities. The guests also discuss the proposal for “Ark”, its prospective role in a Bitcoin financial system and its potential to address Lightning liquidity issues.
As we move forward, it's clear that the Bitcoin ecosystem is at a crossroads, with emerging technologies offering both solutions and new challenges. The path to a Bitcoin-centric financial system is fraught with technical, economic, and philosophical questions that require our collective attention and ingenuity. This podcast is a chance to hear how two of the community’s leading thinkers are collaborating to consider these complex issues.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/banking-bitcoin
This episode’s sponsors: Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Wasabi Wallet - Privacy by default Unchained - Secure your bitcoin with confidence Bitcoin Atlantis - A Bitcoin conference in the Atlantic SwanBitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan
Lyn Alden is a macroeconomist and investment strategist. In this interview, we discuss the success of Lyn's book before delving into the complexities of the current economic landscape, including the correlation between global liquidity and asset prices, notably Bitcoin. The conversation covers the bond market, inflation measures, bank insolvency issues, and the impact of fiscal policies on the economy. Lyn also shares insights on Bitcoin's price cycles.
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Lyn Alden provides a comprehensive overview of the fiscal and monetary forces shaping 2023 in this podcast. She details how the Federal Reserve's tightening measures were counterbalanced by the Treasury's actions, leading to a stabilization in global liquidity measures. This balance is crucial for understanding asset price movements, with Bitcoin's sensitivity to liquidity dynamics serving as a prime example.
We evaluated the Federal Reserve's performance, monetized fiscal deficits and the state of the bond market. Lyn acknowledged the central bank's challenges and the limitations of their tools in addressing fiscal deficits, a primary inflation driver. Despite relying on potentially outdated models and theories, the Fed has shown adaptability in adjusting policies to the economic climate. Albeit, the level of public debt and deficits may limit the central bank's control.
Lyn posits that inflation, driven by unresolved fiscal issues and energy dynamics, could define the next decade. She discussed the historical context of high inflation and the role of gold and Bitcoin as hedges against currency crises, noting the increasing institutional interest in these alternative assets.
We covered the outlook for Bitcoin in 2024, with Lyn underscoring the importance of viewing its price in logarithmic form, revealing a pattern of resilience and potential normalization among institutions. We also discussed the need for scaling solutions in Bitcoin to make interactions with the asset easier, cheaper, and more efficient. Lyn mentioned the possibility of soft forks and covenants, aiming to empower hubs in the Bitcoin network and improve the user experience.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/2024-the-year-of-the-bitcoin-bull
This episode’s sponsors: Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Wasabi Wallet - Privacy by default Unchained - Secure your bitcoin with confidence Bitcoin Atlantis - A Bitcoin conference in the Atlantic SwanBitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan
Fran Finney is the widow of the legendary Hal Finney, who received the first Bitcoin transaction. In this interview, we discuss her husband's impact, their life together, and his battle with ALS. We also talk about the importance of Bitcoin, the challenges Hal and her faced due to harassment, and the concept of cryopreservation. The conversation also touches on the significance of fundraising for ALS research and how the Bitcoin community can contribute to this cause.
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Hal Finney was not only the first person to receive a Bitcoin transaction (Satoshi sent him 10 Bitcoins in January 2009 as a test), he was also the first person after Satoshi to download and run Bitcoin software. Hal came across the Bitcoin whitepaper through a Cypherpunks mailing list. As a champion of personal privacy, he saw the potential for Bitcoin to provide for censorship-resistant transactions.
Driven by his concerns about government overreach in the digital age, Hal became a pioneer in the world of cryptography, gaining recognition for his part in the development of PGP. He was also part of a band of cypherpunks trying to develop a new form of money providing personal sovereignty. Hal co-authored the first paper detailing the concept of reusable cryptographic proofs of work, which would later be adapted in Bitcoin.
Hal famously walked away from Bitcoin for a full year. During that time he was diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Despite the debilitating nature of the disease, Finney continued to work tirelessly on Bitcoin's development until his passing on August 28, 2014. His untimely death left behind a legacy of innovation and a lasting impact on the foundation of the digital currency landscape.
Despite his personal struggles, Hal Finney's intellect and relentless pursuit of knowledge cemented his place as a legendary figure in the world of cryptography and Bitcoin. In this podcast, I talk to Fran Finney, who is tirelessly committed to honouring his memory by raising funds for ALS victims and advocating for increased understanding of the disease.
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ALS Golden West Running Bitcoin Challenge
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/running-bitcoin-with-fran-finney
This episode’s sponsors: Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Wasabi Wallet - Privacy by default Unchained - Secure your bitcoin with confidence OrangePillApp - Stack Friends Who Stack Sats SwanBitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan
Peter Van Valkenburgh is director of research at Coin Center. In this interview, we discuss Coin Center's role in educating lawmakers, analysing policy proposals, and advocating for reasonable regulations. Peter talks about their current lawsuits against the US Treasury and IRS, challenging the misapplication of tax and sanctions regulations. We also cover the changing dynamics of political support for Bitcoin and the challenges posed by figures like Senator Elizabeth Warren.
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Coin Center has been at the forefront of cryptocurrency policy issues since it launched in 2014. Initially, their work was focused on educating lawmakers about Bitcoin and blockchain technology. They addressed concerns about money laundering, emphasised the importance of privacy and speech rights, and explained the technology's potential. However, over time, Coin Center's work has expanded to include policy research and analysis.
The non-profit group now examines how existing laws apply to crypto, and they promote reasonable regulations that protect innovation and constitutional rights. They also engage in lobbying efforts, presenting Congress with preferred solutions to policy problems. When these efforts are unsuccessful, they resort to lawsuits. Currently, they have two lawsuits against the US Treasury and IRS, challenging tax regulations and sanctions that harm privacy rights.
In this podcast, we discussed the split opinions regarding crypto in US politics. Peter explained that the narrative around digital assets has shifted, partly due to influential figures like Senator Elizabeth Warren taking an anti-crypto stance, and partly due to the reputation damage caused by various actors in the space. We also discussed the emerging regulatory threats such as the use of the Bank Secrecy Act to impose strict regulations on core infrastructure providers.
All of this work obviously has to be paid for. While Coin Center is financially stable, donations are still crucial as there will be more lawsuits and lobbying efforts in the future: for example, Coin Center may raise a future lawsuit challenging legislation that classifies Bitcoin miners as regulated entities. And, you can sign up for Coin Center’s newsletter to find out the other ways you can help them play a crucial role in shaping a robust future for digital assets.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/the-unconstitutional-attack-on-privacy-with-peter-van-valkenburgh
This episode’s sponsors: Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Wasabi Wallet - Privacy by default Unchained - Secure your bitcoin with confidence OrangePillApp - Stack Friends Who Stack Sats SwanBitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan
Whitney Webb is an independent investigative journalist who founded Unlimited Hangout, which covers intelligence, tech, surveillance and civil liberties. In this interview, we discuss the importance of independent journalism, the challenges of media manipulation and the rise of tyranny. We also talk about the risks of AI, the influence of powerful figures like Elon Musk and the need for public scrutiny, and the potential co-opting of Bitcoin by powerful institutions.
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Whitney Webb left mainstream media to pursue independent investigative journalism, a decision driven by her commitment to sharing accurate information and encouraging readers to do their own research. In this interview, she highlighted the lack of coverage on certain topics by both mainstream and independent media. Whitney also emphasized the need to question the actions of those in power who have never been held accountable.
We discussed the current state of the world, including the potential for global conflict and the rise of tyranny. Many people questioned the motives behind certain decisions made during the pandemic and raised concerns about the manipulation of information and the control exerted by those in power. We delved into the potential dangers of AI controlling and curating online content, as well as the cognitive impact of relying too heavily on AI.
Our conversation shifted to the topic of Elon Musk and his mixed reputation. We questioned his true motivations and the extent of his influence, raising concerns about his ties to the government and his involvement in censorship on Twitter. Whitney highlighted the need to scrutinize the actions of powerful figures like Musk and not blindly trust their words.
Finally, we talked about the potential co-opting of Bitcoin by powerful institutions and the need for people in the Bitcoin space to be aware of this. Whitney focused on the importance of personal responsibility and being aware of the push to regulate the internet and the destruction of the existing financial system. Powerful interests take advantage of events to grab more power, but their power grab can only succeed if we consent and give in to fear and panic.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/the-end-of-the-world-as-we-know-it
This episode’s sponsors: Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Wasabi Wallet - Privacy by default Unchained - Secure your bitcoin with confidence OrangePillApp - Stack Friends Who Stack Sats SwanBitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan
Jeff Booth is the Author of The Price of Tomorrow & General Partner at Ego Death Capital and Alex Gladstein is Chief Strategy Officer at the Human Rights Foundation. In this interview, we discuss the devastating effects of currency devaluation, the systemic issues of exploitation, debt, and inequality, and the potential of Bitcoin to provide economic hope and empowerment.
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In mid-November, the Malawian government announced a sharp devaluation of its currency, which resulted in instant price increases for commodities such as fuel and electricity of 40%. This has devastating effects on people already struggling to make ends meet. To add further insult, there is a serious lack of transparency in the process. The injustice of the situation is glaring, with no one held accountable for the harm caused by the devaluation.
Our conversation touched on the hidden nature of modern-day slavery disguised as economics. We highlighted how the West's living standards are based on stealing resources and exploiting cheap labour from countries like Malawi. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) plays a role in ensuring cheap goods for the West, but their public statements focus on stabilising the world and reducing poverty.
We also discussed the issue of wages in sub-Saharan African countries, which have not recovered from their peak in the 1970s. The impact of debt and interest payments on these countries' budgets is ruinous, with a significant percentage of their annual budget going towards paying off debt. The entire global economic system is based on theft, and the uncomfortable truth is that the rate of theft influences economic conditions in the West.
Bitcoin, as a decentralised system, reveals the truth about what is happening in the world. Bitcoin allows individuals to protect themselves from devaluation and move into a system that doesn't constantly steal their wages. We were fortunate to see how Bitcoin can bring positive change to countries like Malawi, where Bitcoin mining is enabling a remote village to utilise hydro energy to power the village and generate income.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/bitcoin-a-30000ft-view
This episode’s sponsors: Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Wasabi Wallet - Privacy by default Unchained - Secure your bitcoin with confidence OrangePillApp - Stack Friends Who Stack Sats SwanBitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan
Perianne Boring is the Founder and CEO of the Chamber of Digital Commerce. In this interview, we discuss Senator Elizabeth Warren's stance on crypto, her proposed anti-crypto legislation and the status of Bitcoin ETFs. We talk about the political system, the influence of special interest groups and the need for reform. Perinanne explains why engagement with policymakers is critical, and how she is fighting for the future of Bitcoin and the digital asset industry.
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Senator Warren has made a name for herself as a progressive Democrat who champions consumer protection. Following the Great Financial Crisis, but before entering the Senate, Warren proposed and established the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, and then served as President Obama’s special advisor for the Bureau. Since being elected as a Senator for Massachusetts, she has been a prominent critic of the banking sector.
More recently, Warren has arguably become the staunchest anti-crypto politician, a shift that has left many confused. In this podcast, Perianne Boring uses her knowledge of the system in DC to try and understand Warren’s stance. The working assumption is that some of her motivation is driven by the incentive to generate news coverage, attention and political donations. The result is retrograde proposals such as the ‘Digital Asset Anti-Money Laundering Legislation’.
Organisations such as the Chamber of Digital Commerce, have made great efforts to educate Warren and her office about the industry's efforts to combat illicit finance. However, Senator Warren seemingly lacks an understanding of the technology behind Bitcoin and crypto. The organisations involved are left with the impression that there hasn't been a good-faith effort on Warren’s part to understand the facts and technology.
My discussion with Perianne covered the more fundamental issue of a broken political system and the subsequent negative impact on voter trust in the political process. We discussed the challenges faced by third-party candidates in the current system and the emergence of new political groups. We also cover the mechanisms, such as impeachment or recall, to hold politicians accountable for their actions, and why these aren’t seen as being effective.
Finally, we discussed the vital work being undertaken on the ground in Washington. They are fighting for the future of Bitcoin and the digital asset industry in part by lobbying against policies that could hinder the growth of Bitcoin and blockchain technology in the US. Perianne emphasized the importance of the Bitcoin community having a voice in Washington, as the industry is still relatively small compared to more established legacy industries.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/elizabeth-warrens-anti-bitcoin-agenda
This episode’s sponsors: Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Wasabi Wallet - Privacy by default Unchained - Secure your bitcoin with confidence OrangePillApp - Stack Friends Who Stack Sats SwanBitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan
Erik Hersman is a co-founder of Gridless. In this interview, we discuss Africa, focusing on economic issues like inflation, devaluation and people’s struggles to make a living. We talk about Bitcoin’s potential to create economic opportunities in Africa, the importance of building products that meet the needs of people and provide real value, and the use of mobile money. Finally, we cover Bitcoin mining in Africa and its impact on energy infrastructure.
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On previous podcasts, we’ve had the pleasure of interviewing Erik Hersman to better understand how his company, Gridless, is partnering with East African communities in need of energy to provide subsidised power using Bitcoin mining. Last week we had the incredible honour of being invited to visit one of Gridless’s operational sites in Malawi. This will be included in a forthcoming film we will release in 2024. But, we used the opportunity to record another interview with Erik.
Being here, in person, allowed us to gain a better understanding of the context and ask relevant questions. We were not just discussing abstract concepts; we were seeing them first-hand and interviewing people on the ground. As per our previous podcast with Femi Longe, this interview has provided us with valuable insights into the Bitcoin story in Africa.
We delved into the challenges and complexities of addressing the historical and current inequalities between Western countries and Africa, and why such inequalities are being allowed to perpetuate. Erik and I talk about why there is a belief in the potential of Bitcoin to create economic opportunities in Africa. We covered the challenges of implementing Bitcoin-focused initiatives, the need for a comprehensive plan and how Bitcoin adoption in Africa.
Erik emphasized the importance of building products that meet the needs of people and provide value in their lives, rather than creating products based on assumptions or fantasies. We consider some of the plenty of examples of unique innovations utilising Bitcoin across Africa that address real needs. We also cover the concerns of government surveillance of mobile money that Bitcoin could help address.
Finally, Erik explained how Gridless has helped communities in Kenya and Malawi increase their usage of hydropower. This has led to financial and energy sustainability for such communities, but more fundamentally, it has also provided families with electricity for the first time. Erik emphasised the amazing potential for Bitcoin mining to bootstrap renewable energy infrastructure in Africa. As he stated “There's nothing to fight against here. It's good for everyone.”
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/bitcoin-vs-economic-imperialism
This episode’s sponsors: Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Wasabi Wallet - Privacy by default Unchained - Secure your bitcoin with confidence OrangePillApp - Stack Friends Who Stack Sats SwanBitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan
Femi Longe is program director for Btrust Builders, which educates developers in Africa about Bitcoin. In this interview, we discuss societal issues faced by people in different parts of the world, the economic imperialism hampering emerging economies, and the challenges Africans face in accessing the global financial system. We also talk about the impact of external powers on Africa and the potential of Bitcoin to change the global financial conversation.
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Femi Longe has extensive experience in promoting transformative innovation across Africa to drive social change. It was perhaps inevitable that he would end up working within the Bitcoin ecosystem. Currently, through his work for Btrust Builders, Femi is helping to build a critical mass of Bitcoin and Lightning engineers from the Global South starting with Africa.
This podcast explores how the global system is designed in a way that prevents emerging economies from thriving. The conversation shines a light on the damaging effects of economic imperialism upon the Global South, best expressed in Alex Gladstein's work. External powers, such as the World Bank and IMF, often prioritise their interests over the well-being of African people.
Femi and I also discussed the numerous practical challenges faced by Africans in accessing global commerce. Companies like Western Union and MoneyGram take a significant cut from remittance transactions (with the US government even requesting information on transactions from these platforms), and there are significant limitations placed on Africans trying to access financial services such as PayPal across borders.
Africa’s problems are compounded by the influence of outside powers: the historical fragmentation of Africa by European powers has made it difficult for African countries to come together and collaborate effectively; latterly, international aid to Africa has distorted local markets and influenced government spending, often to benefit Western businesses at the expense of African countries.
Femi sees Bitcoin as an opportunity for Africans to change the conversation and have a stake in the global financial system, as it cannot be controlled by external powers. He aims to empower Africans to engage with Bitcoin as producers, rather than just consumers, by training developers and connecting them to open-source projects. That way Bitcoin can be integrated into real-life scenarios that are important to people.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/bitcoin-in-africa
This episode’s sponsors: Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Wasabi Wallet - Privacy by default Unchained - Secure your bitcoin with confidence OrangePillApp - Stack Friends Who Stack Sats SwanBitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan
Marty Bent is a Venture Partner at Ten31 and founder of the Bitcoin-focused media company TFTC.io, Thomas Pacchia is a Bitcoin entrepreneur and co-owner of the NY Bitcoin bar Pubkey, and James McAvity is the founder and CEO of the Bitcoin Mining company Cormint. In this interview, we discuss Bitcoin’s potential future, its interaction with financial institutions, the challenges and risks of the Bitcoin mining industry, and why Texas is favourable for Bitcoin.
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It is no surprise that a podcast with three eminent Bitcoiners will cover a lot of ground, and yet, the discussions on this show cover a myriad of fascinating topics that are the subject of fervent debate within the community. The initial debate focused on whether users will continue to pay high fees, the operational constraints and cash flow concerns of a growing network, and the issues affecting the adoption of Lightning and Liquid.
We talked about the profitability and health of the mining ecosystem, exploring the idea of miners cooperating to reduce electricity consumption while maintaining the same revenue. We also touched on the possibility of chip manufacturers restricting supply and the potential commodification of ASICs.
Our speakers provided their opinions on the future of Bitcoin and its scalability. We explored the concept of self-sovereignty with Bitcoin, the potential need for multi-institution custody solutions, the importance of maintaining the 21 million supply cap and ensuring mining is sufficiently distributed.
We discussed the potential future of Bitcoin and its interaction with financial institutions, speculating that the institutions offering the best monetary utility, such as fast settlement and low costs, will likely win the battle for user trust. The conversation raised the prospect that Bitcoin exchanges will need exposure to mining in order to provide liquidity to their users.
The impact of the Chinese hashrate and the centralised market for mining hardware and software on the mining industry was covered. Our guests explained the challenges and risks associated with entering the mining industry, specifically, the effect of the upcoming Bitcoin halving, volatile power prices and weather conditions upon Bitcoin mining. We also discussed why Texas is viewed as a favourable environment for the Bitcoin industry.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/bitcoin-mining-game-theory
This episode’s sponsors: Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Wasabi Wallet - Privacy by default Unchained - Secure your bitcoin with confidence OrangePillApp - Stack Friends Who Stack Sats SwanBitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan
Bob Burnett is the Chairman and CEO of Barefoot Mining. In this interview, we discuss his transition from the PC industry to Bitcoin and his passion for Bitcoin mining. Bob explains the complexities of mining, its potential future and the role of fees in sustaining the industry. We also talk about the scarcity of block space in the Bitcoin network, the importance of the Lightning Network, the early years of Bitcoin and the public’s current perception of Bitcoin.
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Bob Burnett shared his fascinating journey, from his work on developing one of the world's first laptop computers to his current involvement in the Bitcoin industry. Bob drew parallels between the personal computer and Bitcoin, emphasizing the role of technologists like Satoshi Nakamoto in pushing society forward and ushering in new eras, and the different motivations of technologists and capitalists.
Bob initially designed Ethereum mining servers but eventually pivoted towards Bitcoin due to his dissatisfaction with Ethereum. He expressed his admiration for the technological brilliance of Bitcoin and the ongoing process of uncovering its layers. Bob shared his passion for Bitcoin mining, and his mission as a technologist and systems “guy” who wants to contribute to building a monetary system that will last for a thousand years.
We discussed the intricacies of the Bitcoin mining industry. Bob explained the mining trilemma, i.e. the challenge of combining the three fundamental factors that need to come together to build a mining site: a consistent and competitive source of energy, mining equipment, and money. We also discussed the impact of changes to Bitcoin’s price on the mining industry, the importance of collaboration, the need for diversity and the dangers of monopolies.
The podcast delved into the scarcity of block space in the Bitcoin network and its implications. Current block space is limited and cannot accommodate everyone who wants to transact on the base layer. This poses a challenge for individuals who want to store their Bitcoin securely and be self-sovereign. We covered the importance of Lightning Network as a solution to allow more people to access and use Bitcoin.
Finally, we reflected on the early years of Bitcoin and the upcoming changes in fees. We also talked about the perception of Bitcoin among those who are unfamiliar with it, and the challenge of bridging the gap between what people think about Bitcoin and the reality. However, in terms of the famous saying “show, don’t tell”, it’s the efforts of people like Bob, working to serve people around the world, that will go a long way to enlightening people on the value of Bitcoin.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/the-bitcoin-mining-trilemma
This episode’s sponsors: Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Wasabi Wallet - Privacy by default Unchained - Secure your bitcoin with confidence OrangePillApp - Stack Friends Who Stack Sats SwanBitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan
Gary Leland is the founder of the BitBlockBoom Bitcoin conference. In this interview, we discuss the importance of Bitcoin conferences, how to organise, market and run Bitcoin events, and Gary’s path to Bitcoin. We also talk about approaches to Bitcoin investment and spending, our entrepreneurial journeys, travel experiences and approaches to parenting. The conversation concludes with a discussion about football and the offside rule!
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Gary Leland is a seasoned entrepreneur, Bitcoin enthusiast and podcaster with whom I have a lot in common: we have shared experiences, insights, and lessons learned, and we are now both Bitcoin conference organisers! Albeit, I have a long way to go to match Gary’s impact, given the BitBlockBoom event in Texas next year will be his 7th consecutive conference.
The positive influence such conferences have on the Bitcoin community can not be understated. Gary's journey into Bitcoin began at the Texas Bitcoin Conference, which sparked his interest in the concept of Bitcoin as an internet protocol for money. This led him to invest in Bitcoin and become a staunch advocate.
We discussed the importance of Bitcoin in relation to our upcoming events. While the price of Bitcoin can influence ticket sales, we agreed that it alone won't determine the success of the conference. We shared our experiences of selling tickets with Bitcoin and how it has impacted our sales. Gary mentioned that he had more Bitcoin sales for his previous conference, even when the price was down.
Concerning Bitcoin investment and spending, Gary compared his approach to holding onto his Bitcoin to being like a "crack addict," not wanting to dip into his stack unless absolutely necessary! He believes in using Bitcoin for things he couldn't afford otherwise, like gifts for others or a house for himself.
Gary shared his entrepreneurial journey to where he is now, which is a testament to resilience and learning from failures. Gary reflected on how running his Bitcoin event, BitBlockBoom, has given him a different perspective on Bitcoin. He believes that being involved with the event has allowed him to connect with a larger network of people than the average person. It has also connected him to me and allowed me to explain football’s offside rule, so, every silver lining…
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/driving-bitcoin-forward
This episode’s sponsors: Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Wasabi Wallet - Privacy by default Unchained - Secure your bitcoin with confidence OrangePillApp - Stack Friends Who Stack Sats SwanBitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan
John Carvalho is CEO of Synonym, a Bitcoin and Lightning Network service provider. In this interview, we discuss the potential impact of ETFs, the culture of Bitcoin developers, and the risks associated with AI technology. We also talk about the importance of understanding and investing in the Bitcoin protocol, the inefficiency in how relays are handled in the Bitcoin community, and the vision of Synonym for a post-Bitcoin digital economy.
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John Carvalho is one of the Bitcoin industry’s best advocates because of his unwavering commitment to its ideology and his high standards regarding its treatment and development. The last time I interviewed him was over three and a half years ago, so it was an honour to have him back on the podcast to ask him about a variety of current issues important to the Bitcoin community.
The first topic of discussion was Bitcoin ETFs, which John sees this as a corrupting force within the Bitcoin community; he criticises Bitcoiners who only support things they think will increase the value of their holdings. John also fears ETFs could be used by the state or major banks to manipulate the price of Bitcoin. Instead of buying ETFs, he believes people should educate themselves about holding the underlying asset themselves.
John also raises concerns about the increasing fragmentation within the Bitcoin community and how it may be dangerous for the base ethos of Bitcoin. He mentions that the culture of the Bitcoin mailing list has changed, with newer members constantly pushing for complexity and change. He explains that engineers are focused on solving their own problems rather than addressing the needs of Bitcoin users.
We discuss the cultural issues among Bitcoin developers. John suggests some experienced developers may be tired after years of battling and facing criticism. Also, younger developers may be trying to make a name for themselves and leave their mark on Bitcoin, which could contribute to the cultural problem. John acknowledges that not all core developers exhibit this behaviour, but he has had private conversations with some who confirm his observations.
John then brings up his interest in AI development, particularly in using ChatGPT and Midjourney. He mentions seeing both opportunities and fears in the fast-moving AI field. John also explains the concept of the atomic economy, which is Synonym's vision for a post-Bitcoin digital economy. He emphasises that it's not just about hyper-bitcoinization, but about creating a mental model for what replaces big tech, big banks, and big state.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/the-road-to-digital-serfdom
This episode’s sponsors: Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Wasabi Wallet - Privacy by default Unchained - Secure your bitcoin with confidence OrangePillApp - Stack Friends Who Stack Sats SwanBitcoin - Invest in Bitcoin with Swan
Caitlin Long is the Founder and CEO of Custodia bank. In this interview, we discuss the financial system's instability, the impact of COVID-19, and the role of the Federal Reserve. We talk about the different types of banks, the stability of the banking system, the history of debt reduction by US presidents and the role of interest rates. The podcast also covers the power of federal bank regulators, the divide among Americans on various social issues and the potential of Bitcoin.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has undeniably shaken the financial world. The Federal Reserve played a crucial role in stabilizing the banking system during this period. As with many other central banks, the Fed printed large amounts of money. However, we are still dealing with the serious consequences of the measures taken: high inflation has been generated, long-term treasuries have seen historic sell-offs, and there are concerns over the impact on the US Dollar.
In this podcast with the Wall Street veteran Caitlin Long, we discuss the banking system in the wake of the unprecedented economic events that occurred as a result of the pandemic. We cover the significance of the separation of banking and commerce, and the differentiation between community banks, regional banks, and global systemically important banks. Caitlin explains the interplay between counterparty credit risk, bank runs and banking insolvency.
We discuss the price of borrowing money, which Caitlin views as being the most important price in the economy. It determines how capital is allocated across time and industries. However, A good price of capital is hard to determine, and this price is often manipulated. Further, there has been a recent shift in focus from making money to wealth preservation in light of the devastating effects of inflation on people's lives, which materially affects capital markets.
We also cover Caitlin’s firm Custodia Bank and their Bitcoin custody platform. Despite concerns about the banking system, Caitlin explains that she is building a bank because she believes traditional finance and Bitcoin need to coexist. She discusses the need for a bridge between the two systems to ensure they don't harm each other, whilst marrying their respective attributes: the strong customer protections that come from being a bank with the best form of money.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/the-debt-tsunami
This episode’s sponsors: Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Wasabi Wallet - Privacy by default Unchained - Secure your bitcoin with confidence OrangePillApp - Stack Friends Who Stack Sats
Steve Barbour is the president of the Bitcoin mining infrastructure company Upstream Data. In this interview, we discuss the intricacies of Bitcoin mining, the potential of off-grid Bitcoin mining for oil companies and the growing economic importance of Bitcoin mining. We also talk about the potential of integrating Bitcoin mining with power generation, the geopolitical implications of the shift in Bitcoin mining dominance from China to the US and the future of this sector.
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As the President of Upstream Data, Steve Barbour’s company specialises in building off-grid Bitcoin mining operations for the oil and gas industry looking to utilise otherwise flared or vented methane emissions. The company started by mining Bitcoin itself, but they have now shifted its focus to selling equipment and services to other companies and individuals interested in self-mining.
The podcast covers a wide range of topics, beginning with the intricacies of Bitcoin mining economics. Steve explains the importance of the swings in hash rate and the hash price and the importance of forecasting for making sound business decisions.
We also delve into the ongoing battle between two subsets of the Bitcoin economy: merchants and miners. While merchants prefer low fees to avoid congestion, miners favour high fees for increased revenue. The role of custodians in the Bitcoin ecosystem is also a critical topic: the importance of self-custody and holding your own keys is clear, but it is also recognized that not everyone will be able to achieve this.
We discussed the importance of building a good reputation in the international mining industry. Upstream Data is also concerned about domestic issues as a Canadian company. We therefore talked about the challenges and frustrations faced by Canada, a resource-rich country that should be wealthy but isn't due to various factors. Steve set out his thoughts on the potential for change within the country.
Finally, Steve set out his view on the future of Bitcoin mining and the important voice miners have in the Bitcoin community. There are potential technology advancements that could impact Bitcoin mining, including material science improvements for semiconductors, which could lead to improved efficiency and new applications.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/bitcoin-mining-economics
This episode’s sponsors: Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Wasabi Wallet - Privacy by default Unchained - Secure your bitcoin with confidence OrangePillApp - Stack Friends Who Stack Sats
Robert F. Kennedy Jr. is a 2024 US presidential candidate. In this interview, we discuss his decision to run independently, his plans to unify the country, and his concerns about the media's role in fueling division. Kennedy discusses the fairness doctrine, the chronic disease epidemic, and the state of the country. We also talk about concerns regarding CBDCs and the potential dangers of AI technologies.
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The Kennedy’s are one of the most significant political families in the history of the United States. Robert F. Kennedy Jr. is the latest in a long line of influential public figures coming from this unique dynasty. Following in the footsteps of his father and uncles, RFK Jr. aspires to run for high office. The podcast starts by discussing his decision to run as an independent presidential candidate, which he feels has enabled him to engage with a broader range of constituents.
RFK Jr. set out his plans to unify the country by addressing the pervasive dishonesty by institutions that were once trustworthy. RFK Jr. shares the concerns of his father that the country has become a military-industrial complex, eroding democracy and leading to a corrupt merger of state and corporate power. RFK Jr. evokes his father's success in uniting people during a similarly divided time in the late 1960s by focusing on common values.
Our conversation also covers the influence of the media, particularly in the context of the repeal of the fairness doctrine in the late 1980’s. RKF Jr. believes that this event had a detrimental impact on the state of the country and the media's role in it: the doctrine was put in place to ensure a well-educated public and prevent the control of media by a single entity; its repeal led to media consolidation and the loss of impartial news reporting.
This conversation with RFK Jr. was a deep dive into the mind of a man who is not afraid to challenge the status quo and speak his truth. His commitment to honesty, unity, and the preservation of freedom is a refreshing perspective in today's political landscape.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/rfk-jr-on-media-us-debt-bitcoin
This episode’s sponsors: Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Wasabi Wallet - Privacy by default Unchained - Secure your bitcoin with confidence OrangePillApp - Stack Friends Who Stack Sats
Vivek Ramaswamy is a 2024 US presidential candidate. In this interview, we discuss Vivek’s decision to run for president, his experiences in the corporate world and his belief in American ideals like free speech and meritocracy. Vivek outlines his plans to reduce government size, address national debt and protect individual wealth. We also talk about the importance of constitutional principles and why he may be the most pro-Bitcoin candidate in American history.
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Vivek Ramaswamy has had a massive impact on the Republican primaries. A relative novice in a field of candidates dominated by Republican big hitters like DeSantis, Haley, Christie and Pence, Vivek has rapidly taken his place amongst the leading contenders for the Republican presidential nomination with a largely self-funded campaign. In some polls, Vivek has placed second behind Trump.
A former biotech CEO, Vivek has decided to enter politics as a means to drive change. He states this decision came after witnessing a suffocating environment in corporate America. Vivek's journey into politics is not a conventional one. He is not a career politician, nor does he come from a high-profile business background. Instead, he believes he is an outsider with a unique set of attributes who can offer a viable alternative to the status quo.
We discuss his belief that a strand of progressivism has been weaponized as a deflection tool by those in power to avoid accountability for their failures. Vivek emphasises that his critique of “woke” ideology is not specifically directed at the left, but is based on a reaction to the dangers posed by the merger of state, corporate, and institutional power. All the while, the critical issues being faced by the country, such as drug addiction and the neglect of cities, continue to exacerbate.
Vivek outlines his plan to reduce the size of the federal government by 75% and suggests that the US president has the power to do so on day one. He believes in zero-based budgeting and illustrates the need to reassess the necessity of each budget item from the ground up. He also criticises the trillions of dollars spent on foreign wars and proposes a policy of not providing foreign aid to countries with lower national debt per capita than the United States.
We also discuss the importance of protecting individual wealth and Vivek’s advocacy for Bitcoin. His comprehensive crypto policy includes restoring constitutional principles such as protecting the freedom to code, financial self-reliance and the freedom to innovate. And, for a community where signal is everything, it’s important to note that he’s the first Republican politician to enable Bitcoin lightning donations, and he could also be the first-ever presidential candidate to own Bitcoin.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/bitcoin-on-the-ballot
This episode’s sponsors: Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Wasabi Wallet - Privacy by default Unchained - Secure your bitcoin with confidence OrangePillApp - Stack Friends Who Stack Sats
Stephan Livera is the host of the Stephan Livera Podcast, and head of education at Swan Bitcoin. In this interview, we discuss Argentina’s newly elected Libertarian President, Javier Milei. We talk about his policies, dollarisation, abolition of the central bank and whether he can truly tame Argentina's inflation problem.
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A few days ago Javier Milei became the world's first anarcho-capitalist leader after his success in Argentina's recent elections. The win signals a big shift in the country's political ideology and economic ambition. His campaign promised to bring libertarian principles for a nation tired of economic troubles & ready for change.
Milei ran his campaign on defunding and dismantling government bureaucracies, abolition of the central bank, and a mass privatisation of state enterprises and dollarization, in an attempt to stabilise Argentina's chronic high-inflation. While these are radical changes, radical may be exactly what Argentina needs and he struck a chord with voters desperate for a departure from perpetual economic crises.
As perhaps the most well-known libertarian politician since Ron Paul, all eyes will be on Milei over the next four years. Can he bring economic stability to Argentina? Will he be able to navigate the political structures without becoming corrupted? Will he really follow through on dismantling the government? And, will this usher in a new wave of Libertarian politicians across the world?
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/mileis-argentine-revolution
This episode’s sponsors: Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Wasabi Wallet - Privacy by default Unchained - Secure your bitcoin with confidence OrangePillApp - Stack Friends Who Stack Sats
Steven McClurg is a Co-Founder of Valkyrie Investments. In this interview, we discuss the North American Bitcoin Summit, speculation about SEC approval of Bitcoin ETFs, and the potential advantages of having the first approved ETF. The conversation also covers the US government's debt and its effect on the economy, the concept of inflation and its potential impact, the influence of BlackRock and state involvement in Bitcoin, and future Bitcoin adoption.
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One of the hot topics at the North American Bitcoin Summit was the speculation surrounding the approval of Bitcoin ETFs by the SEC. I was fortunate to be able to have a new interview with Valkyrie Investments CIO Steven McClurg, who provided insight into the SEC's decision-making process, how the SEC will likely batch the approval of ETFs, the role of BlackRock in changing the SEC's stance, and the impact of the speculation on Bitcoin’s price.
Our conversation moved on to cover the US government's debt and its impact on the economy. The elephant in the room is the increasing pressure debt servicing applies to the US government finances, particularly in the wake of interest rate rises. Steve focused on the concern that the government seems to have little political incentives to solve the debt problem, as politicians are focused on getting reelected rather than addressing long-term issues.
We discussed the compounding effect of inflation, and how even a small increase in inflation can have significant consequences over time. The rising costs of groceries, fuel, and housing, are materially affecting people's ability to invest and save. Whilst we are veterans of believing Bitcoin provides financial protection, it seems like prominent financiers such as Larry Fink, BlackRock’s CEO, are also considering Bitcoin as a solution to the current economic situation.
The podcast concluded with a discussion on the potential for government investment in Bitcoin. We speculated on the amount of Bitcoin owned by El Salvador and its potential value. We touched on the seizure of Bitcoin by US police and how the government has dealt with these seizures. Finally, Steve and I talked about whether other countries are likely to be acquiring Bitcoin. It may be very soon that all countries realise that they don’t have enough!
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/macro-fed-pivot-bitcoin
This episode’s sponsors: Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Wasabi Wallet - Privacy by default Unchained - Secure your bitcoin with confidence OrangePillApp - Stack Friends Who Stack Sats
Parker Lewis is a Bitcoin writer and educator and Head of Business Development at Zaprite. In this interview, we discuss the 2023 North American Blockchain Summit in Fort Worth, the benefits and challenges of Bitcoin payments, and the potential of Bitcoin becoming a critical rail for global payments. We also talk about the risks of the traditional banking system, the urgency needed to fix the current monetary system, and how Bitcoin's fixed supply could potentially help.
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This is another podcast I have made in the shadow of the impressive North American Blockchain Summit 2023 in Fort Worth, Texas. It’s a great opportunity to catch up with some of the best minds within Bitcoin such as the amazing Parker Lewis!
We got quickly into the weeds of Bitcoin payments and the challenges of managing multiple lightning wallets for different purposes. Parker set out how the product he’s helping develop, Zaprite, aims to resolve this problem by providing a seamless payment experience, allowing funds to be directed to different lightning wallets or accounts. We also touched on the importance of creating a unified experience between fiat and Bitcoin payments to encourage adoption.
Our discussion delved into the risks and challenges associated with traditional banking systems and the importance of Bitcoin as a solution. The system needs resilience, which Bitcoin provides. Further, the speed and simplicity of Bitcoin stands in stark contrast to the inefficiencies and delays involved in traditional banking. Parker explained that Bitcoin also serves as insurance at an individual level for currency failure and as an insurance policy for businesses.
We explored the concept of the 21 million fixed supply of Bitcoin, and that by understanding why Bitcoin solves the problem of purchasing power, people can then understand how it can also solve other problems, such as the risk of banks failing, the fragility of the legacy payment system and providing an actual solution to inflation.
Parker believes there is an urgent need to fix the current monetary system, comparing it to a flood requiring immediate attention. He believes that those who understand Bitcoin should prioritise working on it rather than other projects. This podcast is therefore a call to arms for those who value the importance of Bitcoin in today's digital age. Bitcoin has the potential to not only revolutionise traditional banking but to save the monetary system as a whole.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/bitcoin-for-banking-failures
This episode’s sponsors: Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Wasabi Wallet - Privacy by default Unchained - Secure your bitcoin with confidence OrangePillApp - Stack Friends Who Stack Sats
Lee Bratcher is the President of the Texas Blockchain Council. In this interview, we discuss Bitcoin mining in Texas, the North American Blockchain Summit 2023 and the regulatory challenges miners face. We also talk about the potential impact of politicians embracing Bitcoin, the importance of mainstream media presence at the upcoming conference, and efforts to attract professionals to Bitcoin events.
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This podcast was made before the start of the Texas Bitcoin Summit in Fort Worth, which started yesterday and runs through until Friday. The summit is expected to be the biggest one yet, with over a thousand attendees and a focus on mining. And this year the Texas Blockchain Council has excelled at attracting some major political figures, including RFK, Vivek Ramaswamy, Ted Cruz, Cynthia Lummis, Andrew Yang and Warren Davidson.
Texas seems to understand Bitcoin better than other states, which is attributable in part to the independent thinking and educational efforts in the state. The Texas Bitcoin mining industry is a catalyst for Bitcoin mining across the world, leading the way in developing use cases such as demand response grid balancing services and the incentivisation for the build-out of renewable energy.
However, the path to wider acceptance of mining in Texas has not been foregone, and the future is still uncertain. The challenges the industry has faced have been significant. For example, Senate Bill 1751 in Texas sought to ban miners from the very same ancillary services that have benefitted ERCOT’s grid balancing objectives. These efforts have been pushed by traditional legacy industries in Texas aided by their strategy of regulatory capture.
Traditional industries such as steel mills and petrochemical refineries have been frustrated by Bitcoin miners bidding down the price for demand response services (which in turn has benefits consumers). The bill passed unanimously in the Senate. The fact the bill was ultimately killed in the House was thanks in large part to the efforts of the Texas Blockchain Council under Lee Bratcher’s presidency.
The issue highlights the problem of getting a political consensus on Bitcoin. Elizabeth Warren, for one, makes it difficult for Democrats to openly support Bitcoin. However, a few Democrats are showing a more practical and nuanced understanding. And, being anti-Bitcoin will become a risky position to take in the future due to generational-led shifts in opinions. Until then, it’s up to bodies like the Texas Blockchain Council to continue to fight for Bitcoin.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/ensuring-bitcoin-wins
This episode’s sponsors: Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Wasabi Wallet - Privacy by default Unchained - Secure your bitcoin with confidence OrangePillApp - Stack Friends Who Stack Sats
Robert Breedlove is a philosopher and podcaster within the Bitcoin space. In this interview, we discuss the Alliance for Responsible Citizenship (ARC) conference, the anti-woke movement, cultural Marxism, and the origins of certain ideologies. We also delve into the impact of COVID-19, the role of politics in societal change, the influence of taxation and inflation on the economy, and the potential of Bitcoin as a solution to many of these issues.
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Normative behaviour in society at any one time may be codified such that it appears to be a natural law: behaviour, dress, language, and demeanour are perceived to be as fixed as biological traits. However, culture is merely a template for expectations in a social group. Acceptable conduct is malleable. The history of civilisation is full of profound shifts in cultural social behaviour and societal norms.
It is not uncommon for marginal groups within society to test the paradigm. However, we do appear to be at a rare inflection point. Society is split between two equally powerful ideologies, both of which lay claim to the cultural elite mantle. Wokeism, whilst being criticised by some as being a lazy pejorative for a wide range of progressive liberal opinions, does have roots in an understandable backlash against the promotion of identity politics and cancel culture.
Robert Breedlove however views wokeism as another form of cultural Marxism funded by the state. In this podcast, he suggested that it is a divide-and-conquer strategy to create a demand for stronger governance. We discussed whether the development of these ideologies is organic or intentional. Robert leaned towards the latter, comparing it to the romantic lies told throughout history to justify theft.
Robert explained his perspective on the influence of Marxism on the social institutions of the West. He believes that Marxism seeks to abolish private property, which he sees as the foundation of civilization and justice. He also connects the rise of cultural Marxism with the increasing violation of private property rights.
When asked about the solution to these issues, Robert proposed that making property harder to violate is crucial. He sees Bitcoin as a potential solution, as it provides inviolable private property rights. With a Bitcoin standard, the state's ability to print money would be limited, reducing their revenue source and potentially leading to a more peaceful and prosperous world by creating less incentive for people to politic and more incentive for them to produce.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/life-liberty-the-pursuit-of-bitcoin
This episode’s sponsors: Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Wasabi Wallet - Privacy by default Unchained - Secure your bitcoin with confidence OrangePillApp - Stack Friends Who Stack Sats
Alex Thorn is the Head of Firmwide Research at Galaxy. In this interview, we discuss a range of topics including Galaxy’s sponsorship of Real Bedford FC, the growing trend of Bitcoin sponsorship in sports and the current state of the hip-hop music industry. We also talk about Bitcoin, including factors influencing its price, the potential approval of a Bitcoin spot price ETF(s), the importance of Bitcoin ownership and its role as a medium of exchange.
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Full disclosure, Galaxy became the first official sponsor of Real Bedford Ladies FC in the summer, allowing them to have professional coaching and for players to get paid for the first time. This has boosted the team: they are currently top of their league having won all their matches, and this Sunday they play in the first round of the world-famous FA Cup. I talked about this and the growing trend of Bitcoin sponsorship in sports with Alex Thorn.
We also talked about Bitcoin and the potential factors influencing its price action: for example, there is a correlation between Bitcoin price and US economic policy. We discussed the impact of the upcoming halving event, for which there is growing anticipation. And we pondered the question of when to sell Bitcoin in the context of other investment opportunities; now might not be the right time to sell Bitcoin due to its potential for growth.
The podcast covered the recent SEC amendments regarding Bitcoin spot price ETFs, involving additional risk disclosures for investors, possibly indicating a shift in SEC behaviour towards Bitcoin. We touched on the potential impact of a Bitcoin spot price ETF, with increased adoption and price growth tempered by concerns about institutionalization. We also considered the impact on Grayscale's business model, noting that lower fees in ETFs could affect their profitability.
Finally, the discussion emphasized the importance of educating others about Bitcoin's value and fundamental features. Widespread understanding and adoption of the underlying principles of Bitcoin are crucial for its long-term success. Alex encourages Bitcoin enthusiasts to continue spreading awareness and discussing its values with friends, family, and potential investors.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/is-the-bull-market-back
This episode’s sponsors: Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Wasabi Wallet - Privacy by default Unchained - Secure your bitcoin with confidence OrangePillApp - Stack Friends Who Stack Sats
Jesse Myers is co-founder and COO of Onramp Bitcoin. In this interview, we discuss Bitcoin’s potential growth, adoption and valuation, and the implications of Bitcoin’s price accelerating. We also talk about the risks associated with bonds, the concept of money, and the hurdle of convincing people to buy Bitcoin. Jesse also introduces ‘Onramp’, a Bitcoin asset management platform built on multi-institution custody.
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Many investors are still bullish on Bitcoin's transparent and rigid monetary policy: its increasing scarcity will attract more value to it, potentially making it a better store of value than gold. Some are expecting a transfer of wealth out of bonds into Bitcoin, as Bitcoin slowly becomes considered a lower-risk asset; this is in the context of bonds continuing to show significant signs of stress due to burgeoning sovereign debt and inflationary headwinds.
It is in the context of this expected inflow of capital into Bitcoin by individuals and organisations that aren’t prepared or willing to secure private keys, that Jesse Myers co-founded Onramp Bitcoin, a trust-minimized form of custody. Their multi-institution custody eliminates counterparty risk without requiring individuals to hold their own keys.
In the podcast, Jesse explained the multiplier effect of capital inflows into Bitcoin and how it could impact its valuation, whilst emphasizing the importance of remaining grounded in the total global asset landscape and not assuming unrealistic valuations for Bitcoin. We also discussed how Bitcoin can shift value back to ‘good money’, and further how it starts to become a dominant form of currency.
We discussed how the path of Bitcoin adoption will manifest i.e. whether its growth is likely to be gradual or exponential. We discussed the implications in the interim period of governments continuing to print money to pay off debt, and the potential redistribution of wealth to Bitcoiners who have planned differently. We also considered the possibility and implications of fiat currencies failing and the world finally turning to Bitcoin as a solution.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/bitcoins-full-potential-value
This episode’s sponsors: Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Wasabi Wallet - Privacy by default Unchained - Secure your bitcoin with confidence OrangePillApp - Stack Friends Who Stack Sats
Luke Gromen is the Founder and President of Forest for the Trees (FFTT). In this interview, we discuss the state of the economy, government borrowing and the bond market. We explore the implications of increased US government borrowing and spending on debt and taxes. We also talk about cycles of quantitative easing, a comparison of the economies of Argentina and the US, the impacts of inflation on different groups and investment strategies during a recession.
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Luke Gromen has been praised by former clients and colleagues as having a "unique ability to connect the dots". Well, there are lots of dots at the moment, and none of them are static. The economy still seems like it’s in a perilous state with debt levels seemingly out of control. We discussed whether there is a limit to how much money the Treasury can borrow, and how the bond market might be signalling that the Fed needs to restrict borrowing.
We talked about how debt has ballooned as a result of the reliance on quantitative easing (QE) as a means to bring down interest rates. As Luke explained, this tool results in inflation, the need to raise interest rates again, then rinse and repeat. This cycle has been ongoing since 2014 when global central banks stopped growing their holdings of reserves.
The issue is who will buy the US’s burgeoning debt? Many expect the US to follow Japan’s model if the Fed starts buying bonds. However, Luke stated that the US risks mirroring Argentina’s economic situation as US government debt is financed mostly by foreign entities. This significantly hinders the US government's flexibility: it constrains money printing, adds upside risk to bond rates and makes containing a spiralling debt burden much more difficult.
The economic system's evolution over the past 30 years has contributed to growing wealth inequality and unrest. We discussed how these issues are manifesting in the US, suggesting that it is likely to be due to the hollowing out of the middle and working classes by successive governments from both sides of the aisle.
The result is a more comprehensive welfare budget, which increases the tax burden. But, given that GDP growth lags behind inflation and consumer spending is down, increased government spending requires more debt. Money printing for entitlements only adds more fuel to the inflationary fire. It is little surprise that Luke remains bullish on Bitcoin.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/bitcoin-vs-the-infinite-money-printer
This episode’s sponsors: Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Wasabi Wallet - Privacy by default Unchained - Secure your bitcoin with confidence OrangePillApp - Stack Friends Who Stack Sats
Mark Moss is a serial entrepreneur, author, speaker and host of The Mark Moss Show. In this interview, we discuss Bitcoin, the challenges of building in a bear market, the convergence of political, financial, and tech cycles, the concept of generational theory, the current political landscape, and the influence of tech on society. We also talk about the impact of AI on business and jobs, the relationship between religion and morality, and the future of global currencies.
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Mark Moss is a regular and popular guest, and we had an engaging conversation that spanned a variety of topics. We started by discussing a subject Mark is well known for focusing on - the concept of cycles. Political, financial, and technological revolutions have converged at pivotal moments in human history. Mark believes that we’re living through such a convergence now and that by understanding these cycles we can better comprehend the state of the world.
We discussed the concept of generational theory and how it relates to human nature, referencing a book called "The Pendulum" that explores the idea of swings between centralization and decentralization through history. We also delved into the current political climate and the potential for a material ‘regime change’, in the context of a continuing growth in scale and capacity of the administrative state where non-elected officials hold significant power.
The discussion covered how technology has changed the way people communicate and organize. We mentioned that the current form of government is no longer compatible with the world we are entering, as it was designed to manage large corporations and treat people as collectives rather than as individuals. Today, information is being liberated through technology; this resultant access to information is problematic for authority figures.
Mark explained his perspective on the impact of technology, specifically AI, on business, industry, and jobs. He mentioned his experience in internet businesses in witnessing the evolution of technology. Mark believes that AI is a continuation of the technological revolution that started with the internet, which democratized and commoditized technical workers, leading to the availability of skilled workers from different countries at lower costs.
Finally, we discussed the potential future of global currencies. In particular, the growing influence of BRICS nations and the expectation they will launch a new gold-backed currency. And, we discussed the potential impact of CBDCs on global trade and control. On the flip side, stablecoins are growing in popularity and allow countries like Argentina to access the dollar market. We discussed stablecoins' potential impact and the control that comes with them.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/the-fight-for-bitcoin-against-cbdcs
This episode’s sponsors: Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Wasabi Wallet - Privacy by default Unchained - Secure your bitcoin with confidence OrangePillApp - Stack Friends Who Stack Sats
Erik Cason is a cypherpunk and author of Cryptosovereignty: The Encrypted Political Philosophy of Bitcoin. In this interview, we discuss his book, philosophy, censorship in academia, and Erik's personal journey from socialism to anarchism. We also talk about technology’s use for state control and violence, the potential of Bitcoin to decentralize power, the philosophical implications of Bitcoin, the potential of living in a virtual world and the nature of consciousness.
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Erik Cason is a philosopher, cypherpunk, crypto-anarchist, educator and author. He has just published a book exploring the intersection of Bitcoin, sovereignty, and cryptography in the 21st century. The book’s basis was a series of essays Eric has produced over the years that have focused on the philosophical and sociological aspects of cryptography and Bitcoin.
Eric shared his journey from the Occupy Wall Street movement to discovering Bitcoin and embracing anarchism. His experience of being beaten by the police during a protest led to his realization that the state cannot be relied upon for help. We also discussed the accountability of police officers when they use their firearms, comparing the UK to the US.
Our discussion touched on the dangers of a monopoly on violence by the state, mentioning historical genocides and the efficiency of the current Chinese Uighur genocide in eradicating a people's culture. We talked about the normalization of weapons of mass destruction and the potential for a nuclear holocaust. We debated whether Bitcoin can end wars versus the concept of an "infinity war" perpetuated by the state.
Eric suggested that Bitcoin represents a return to truth in a world that has become nihilistic and devoid of values. He talked about how through advanced mathematics and cryptography, Bitcoin allows for a monetary system that enables true accountability. Bitcoin is a radical way of regaining control over money and limiting the overbearing nature of governments, allowing individuals to make ethical choices even in the face of destruction.
Eric fundamentally believes that Satoshi Nakamoto opened up a new frontier for warfare on the internet and provided a space for rebellion movements to operate against oppressive states. That tool still relies on humans who believe in freedom, taking agency: it is vitally important for everyone to take responsibility for addressing societal issues to ensure a better future for our children.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/how-bitcoin-fights-tyranny
This episode’s sponsors: Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Wasabi Wallet - Privacy by default Unchained - Secure your bitcoin with confidence OrangePillApp - Stack Friends Who Stack Sats
Daniel Roberts is the co-founder of Iris Energy. In this interview, we discuss misconceptions about energy consumption in Bitcoin mining and the resultant impact on the value and perception of Bitcoin. We also talk about Iris Energy's commitment to using 100% renewable energy, Bitcoin mining stabilizing the energy grid in Texas, the downside protection of low-cost Bitcoin mining, the challenges of scaling Bitcoin mining, and the correlation between Bitcoin mining and AI.
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Iris Energy is Australia’s largest homegrown Bitcoin miner, and full disclosure, the lead sponsor of What Bitcoin Did. It is an unabashed advocate of decarbonisation, with a commitment to power its operations using 100% renewable energy. It is one of the market leaders in targeting under-utilised renewable energy sources. And, whilst its core business is Bitcoin mining, the company is expanding its next-generation data centres to target the generative AI market.
Despite the proven positive contribution to supporting energy grids, mitigating climate change and supporting communities with well-paying professional jobs, Bitcoin mining FUD is still affecting the perception of the industry within influential groups. With Iris Energy’s co-founder Daniel Roberts, we discuss the common misconceptions of Bitcoin mining’s energy consumption, and why these misunderstandings still gain traction in the media.
We talked about the challenges of scaling Bitcoin mining: mining companies like Iris have to manage the physical limitations of increasing power consumption and the difficulty of developing large-scale energy infrastructure. They also have to hedge against price volatility. However, Daniel explains how low-cost miners have a unique downside protection that further incentivises the drive to exploit cheap energy sources.
The podcast also covers Iris’s expansion into supporting demand for AI computation. Daniel explains the correlation between the needs for Bitcoin mining and AI, and how their approach is not solely focused on Bitcoin mining but rather on building power-dense data centres optimized for various digital demand drivers. This means the competitive advantage in the industry has shifted from chip manufacturers to those who can build large-scale infrastructure businesses.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/the-economics-of-ai-bitcoin-mining
This episode’s sponsors: Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Wasabi Wallet - Privacy by default Unchained - Secure your bitcoin with confidence OrangePillApp - Stack Friends Who Stack Sats
Matthew Pines is the Director of Intelligence at Krebs Stamos Group and a Fellow at Bitcoin Policy Institute. Chester Ney is IT Director for environmental consulting firm ALL4. In this interview, we discuss the disruptive impact of AI technology on various industries, the potential risks it poses and the geopolitical implications of AI development. We also talk about the use of AI in cybersecurity and its potential use as a tool to communicate with non-human intelligence.
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ChatGPT, the AI chatbot built on top of OpenAI's developing large language models (LLMs), was launched in November 2022. It was a realisation of a theoretical advancement that some had imagined would forever remain elusively out of reach. The software was debatedly the most explicit illustration of Arthur C Clarke’s famous quote that “Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic.” The response to the launch went inevitably viral.
However, the awe and wonder were quickly replaced by concerns about the real-world impacts. In terms of coding, ChatGPT could automate and improve on numerous human-based coding tasks. With the upcoming release of the GPT-5 LLM, and competitor products, there is the potential that human software developers could be replaced entirely. And this is just the impact on coding. In reality, AI is and will increasingly have massively disruptive impacts on all jobs.
Job roles in the future may still have the same titles, but the day-to-day tasks involved in their fulfilment are likely to be radically different. AI will enable a tighter feedback loop between ideation, testing, and generation, such that development cycles will see rapid acceleration with huge resultant gains in productivity. Jobs may shift towards designing products and user interfaces. Plus, there will be new jobs involved in curating and securing AI systems.
The jury is out on whether AI may not pose a world-ending risk. It is more probable that AI will lead to problematic socioeconomic and cybersecurity issues. It will undoubtedly increase volatility in the labour market, and, improve tools for malign actors in the digital space. Nevertheless, it is hard to predict the impact of the expected advance of AI systems becoming capable of self-improvement. This could lead to a utopian takeoff or an existential crisis.
Then there are the known unknowns: it is inevitable that AI will enable civilisation to do incredible things in the future and at increasingly rapid speed. This will then lead to the unknown unknowns: the unimaginable impacts of the race towards a singularity. What will the impact be on society? Will AI intersect with a disclosure of non-human intelligence? Will AI enable us to communicate with such entities? Will AI fundamentally change what it is to be human? Sleep well!!!
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/the-economic-impact-of-ai
This episode’s sponsors: Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Wasabi Wallet - Privacy by default Unchained - Secure your bitcoin with confidence OrangePillApp - Stack Friends Who Stack Sats
Pierre Rochard is a VP of Research at Riot Platforms and Morgen Rochard is the founder and lead financial planner of Origin Wealth Advisers LLC. In this interview, we discuss the potential of Bitcoin, its growing legitimacy, the importance of using it responsibly and the misconceptions surrounding it. We also discuss the potential impact of a Bitcoin ETF, the role of stablecoins, and the state of the global economy.
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Pierre & Morgen Rochard have expertise across both the technical and financial aspects of Bitcoin. It was therefore an opportune moment to take a deep dive into where we currently are in relation to Bitcoin’s purpose, its security and susceptibility to attack, its role as part of an investment portfolio, and its fundamental role as a new form of money.
We discussed Pierre’s evolved perspective on the interaction of transaction fees, energy use and security. Fundamentally, does the brilliance of Bitcoin’s original design and the game theory behind a 51% attack, mean that it is unlikely to be attacked? Therefore, is the effort in trying to ensure transaction fees are high enough to increase security becomes moot?
Further, we talk about the importance of using Bitcoin responsibly and in a way that can make the world a better place. Should the freedom provided by Bitcoin be used to make positive choices and improve the world, rather than for non-essential purposes like putting jpegs on the blockchain? If blockspace is a scarce and valuable commodity, should there be a moral consensus on how it is used?
Morgan shared her perspective on investing in Bitcoin and the general advice to consider it as a long-term savings asset. Morgan advises against using leverage and suggests a 30-50% allocation as being appropriate for most people. We also discussed the topic of adoption and whether it needs to be at a slow pace to enable the rebalancing of portfolios. This is important as people realize that Bitcoin is a backup plan in case the fiat economy fails.
We discussed the growing legitimacy of Bitcoin within important groups. This reinforces the importance of investing in education and public policy to fight misconceptions and ensure that the truth about Bitcoin is being shared. We also touched on the potential impact of a Bitcoin ETF, highlighting the limitations of ETFs, and the importance of encouraging individuals to own Bitcoin outright and holding their own keys.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/bitcoin-financial-advice
This episode’s sponsors: Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Wasabi Wallet - Privacy by default Unchained - Secure your bitcoin with confidence OrangePillApp - Stack Friends Who Stack Sats
Christian Decker is a researcher and developer at Blockstream. In this interview, we discuss the evolution of the Lightning Network and the challenges of making it more user-friendly. Decker introduces Blockstream’s new service, Greenlight, which simplifies the management and security of running a Lightning node. We also discuss the concept of covenants in Bitcoin and how they can be used to restrict the spending of funds.
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I first interviewed Christian Decker about the Lightning Network in April 2019. Over the past four and a half years, the Lightning Network has made significant strides in terms of its technical development, to the satisfaction of many of those working on it. However, the challenge of making the Lightning Network more accessible to non-technical users remains as the potential means to accelerate wider adoption.
The current situation is that users require a deep understanding of Bitcoin and Lightning, which can obviously be off-putting for many. This led to the development by Christian of Blockstream’s new product, Greenlight, which aims to simplify the management and security burdens of running a Lightning node. It aims to provide a non-custodial Lightning-as-a-service, predicated on Blockstream's commitment to transparency and user empowerment.
Greenlight was born out of the need to bridge the gap between custodial and non-custodial solutions. It provides a user-friendly onboarding experience, allowing users to have their own Lightning node while Blockstream's servers handle the operational processes. The keys remain on the user's device, ensuring security. It has been designed as a tool for all users: from end users who need assistance with managing their funds and channels on the Lightning Network, to app developers who struggle with integrating Lightning into their applications.
However, whilst Greenlight makes the Lightning Network more accessible, it doesn't necessarily make it more decentralized. There is still a level of centralisation in infrastructure and traffic monitoring. The goal is to educate users and empower them to run their own nodes, thus increasing their self-sovereignty on the Lightning Network.
Our conversation was a deep dive into the evolution of Bitcoin and the Lightning Network and the exciting future that lies ahead with services like Greenlight. As the community continues to explore and innovate, the goal remains the same: to make these technologies more accessible and empower users to take control of their financial future.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/scaling-bitcoin
This episode’s sponsors: Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Wasabi Wallet - Privacy by default Unchained - Secure your bitcoin with confidence OrangePillApp - Stack Friends Who Stack Sats
Lyn Alden is a macroeconomist and investment strategist, and Natalie Smolenski founded and leads the Texas Bitcoin Foundation. In this interview, we discuss the impact of digital currencies on government control, the breakdown of the US system of checks and balances, and the increasing influence of central governments. We also talk about the complexity of the monetary system, the current state of the financial system, and the future of Bitcoin.
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Lyn Alden and Natalue Smolenski are both acclaimed as peer leaders within their respective fields. I feel this is because they can provide engaging clarity to complex issues. However, I also feel that it is their ability to be authoritative, honest and calm, within an industry full of noise, miss truths and hidden agendas, that has led to them developing loyal followings. It was an honour to have these two heavyweights of the community coming together on the show.
Our conversation began with a discussion on the concept called the "narrow corridor of liberty," which Natalie explained as a theory describing the balance between the state and society in terms of technological advancements, and the race for liberty to stay ahead of tyranny. We then talked about how this applies to the race between Bitcoin and Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs).
The conversation took a turn towards the challenges of explaining the upcoming financial challenges to friends and family, in the context of the need to rethink governance in a digital world to prevent excessive government control. The system of checks and balances in the United States has broken down, with laws now being made through federal agencies instead of Congress. These agencies are often not accountable to the American people.
Lyn talked about the correlation between the breakdown of the financial system and Increased government control. She emphasized the complexity and opacity of the money system, which fuels political polarization and distracts people from focusing on the real issues. Those in power may want to divert attention from the money system, whilst corporate interests have an undue influence on government decisions.
The need for reforms is readily apparent e.g. lobbyists' influence, Congress members trading stocks and the lack of term limits. But, the fundamental issue is the risks resulting from a concentration of power. Decentralisation is a bedrock of Bitcoin’s development, so there is real excitement that those pushing for change finally have a powerful tool with which to enact real and meaningful change. That is why Bitcoin has people of the calibre of Lyn and Natalie.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/are-central-banks-losing-control
This episode’s sponsors: Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Wasabi Wallet - Privacy by default Unchained - Secure your bitcoin with confidence OrangePillApp - Stack Friends Who Stack Sats
In this episode, we are joined by Steve Lee, the Lead at Spiral, Haley Berkoe, PM at Spiral and… Bitcoin. We discuss whether Bitcoin has a branding issue, and how we can step outside of our little bubble and reach the next wave of bitcoiners.
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Understanding Bitcoin takes proof-of-work. It's a paradigm shift in conceptualizing money - a fundamental rethinking of what constitutes value, security, and freedom. It challenges the status quo, urging a questioning of the trust we place in institutions and the way we perceive economic power structures.
Bitcoiners can be an intimidating group of people. They represent a necessary defense mechanism; guarding the sanctity of the protocol, protecting it from dilution or corruption. This resilience forms a crucible that forges steadfastness against external pressures, preserving the revolutionary aspects of Bitcoin against all attempts to co-opt or unduly influence them.
However, while the guardianship of this culture is paramount, there lies an equally crucial need to open the gates to broader understanding and adoption. To truly realize its revolutionary potential, Bitcoin must be demystified and made accessible to the masses. This is exactly what Spiral's "Who Is Bitcoin," aims to achieve. They have adopted a lighter, more humorous approach to educational content. By meeting people where they are at and, hopefully, ushering in a new wave of bitcoiners.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/here-comes-bitcoin
This episode’s sponsors: Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Wasabi Wallet - Privacy by default Unchained - Secure your bitcoin with confidence OrangePillApp - Stack Friends Who Stack Sats
Today we have two representatives of the Bitcoin mining firm Luxor Technologies: Nick Hansen, CEO, and Matthew Williams, Head of Derivatives. In this interview, we discuss derivative trading, the potential impact of the BlackRock ETF on the market, the challenges Bitcoin miners face, the political and economic situation in Argentina, and the importance of hedging in business operations.
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Bitcoin’s price has been relatively stable for well over a year. Whilst prices have recovered from the cycle lows seen in November 2022, the rapid price swings, which have been a feature of the market since its launch, have subsided. Nevertheless, a series of events are aligning that raise the prospect of a renewed period of volatility in the near future: the approval of a spot ETF, the Bitcoin halving, and further macro shocks.
The issue for capital investment in the Bitcoin mining space is that such volatility distorts and stresses normal business management practices. There have been numerous mining companies that have suffered existential crises because they have over-extended at the wrong time, or, they have had ineffective hedging strategies. Luxor aims to help improve the cost of capital for Bitcoin miners through the introduction of new derivative products.
Luxor’s strategy is predicated on hashrate being treated as an asset class; miners are able to sell their hashrate forward, guaranteeing a return. The contracts are determined by an agreed hashprice, which is a function of various variables: the block subsidy, transaction fees, network difficulty, and bitcoin price. These contracts are then tradable as derivatives, which enables investors to gain exposure to Bitcoin mining without needing to be physically involved.
Luxor is also working on additional financial products, including what will be a controversial yield instrument. There is still significant hesitancy in the community around such markets, and it will take time to build liquidity. Perhaps a new approach can renew demand for lending. And, if anyone can pull this off, who better than a diversified company that weathered a brutal bear market that aggressively showed who was naked when the tide went out?
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/bitcoin-mining-adapt-or-die
This episode’s sponsors: Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Wasabi Wallet - Privacy by default Unchained - Secure your bitcoin with confidence OrangePillApp - Stack Friends Who Stack Sats
Preston Pysh is a co-founder of The Investor Podcast Network and James Lavish is a macro analyst. In this interview, we discuss the US’s increasing debt and its impact on the economy, as well as the cycle of debt and inflation that many people find themselves trapped in. We also talk about the challenges of promoting Bitcoin adoption in economically unstable countries and the need for stable currencies in those countries.
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US national debt has increased over 80 times in the last 100 years, rising from $404bn in 1923 to $33.17tn in 2023. In the 1920’s the US was paying off debt used to finance the country’s involvement in WW1 that had resulted in its debt to GDP ratio surging to 33% by 1919; by 1923 this ratio had been reduced to around 25%. Today, debt to GDP is over 120%, higher than after WW2.
The current issue is a result of two main structural economic problems that have manifested since the 1970s. Firstly, debt increased rapidly, from just under $3tn in 1971, to over $10tn in 2000, and to $20tn in 2010. However, GDP grew at a much slower rate over this period. Central Banks have therefore had to let inflation rise to cover the gap, with interest rates being the tool they use to control inflationary pressures.
Inflation is effectively a tax that disproportionately affects the poorest people in society. As vining costs rise, personal debt climbs: people struggle to keep up with their expenses due to inflation and resort to using credit cards. Increasing interest rates only worsens their financial situation. As their credit deteriorates, they are offered even higher interest rates, creating a vicious cycle that often leads to bankruptcy. Many people are trapped.
The real problem is that the national debt, believed by many to have reached unsustainable levels, doesn’t look set to be reduced anytime soon. For example, there has been a staggering increase in the national debt over the past two weeks amounting to $500bn. This debt is used to pay for government activities and funding numerous programs. But increasingly, it is needed to also pay the interest on that debt that is expected to be $663bn this year and $1.4tn by 2033.
Credible people on Wall Street are discussing the debt spiral. Corporate earnings are expected to decrease due to the lagging effect of the Fed raising rates. Private investors are also starting to wake up to the fact that debt and inflation will have an increasingly erosive impact on wealth. Owning assets like gold, silver, and Bitcoin can help protect against it. It is more important than ever to understand the situation that is evolving.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/the-debt-spiral
This episode’s sponsors: Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Wasabi Wallet - Privacy by default Unchained - Secure your bitcoin with confidence OrangePillApp - Stack Friends Who Stack Sats
David Marcus is CEO & co-founder of Lightspark, a Lightning Network payments protocol. In this interview, we discuss his career in the payments industry and former role as head of Facebook's Libra project, his frustration with the current financial system, how Lightspark is focusing on addressing the challenges of the Lightning Network, the potential impact of real-time payment systems and the scalability of Bitcoin.
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David Marcus' journey into the payments industry began at the age of 23 when he started his first company after working at a bank. He built a successful telco company in Switzerland and later started another company focused on mobile payments. His journey took him to Silicon Valley, where his company was eventually acquired by PayPal.
Despite his success, Marcus feels frustrated with the state of payments and the lack of an open and interoperable protocol for money on the internet. He believes that money is an important aspect of people's lives and how they measure success. He sees a lot of injustice in the current financial system and feels passionate about improving it.
Our conversation covers David’s role in heading Facebook's involvement in the payments space, particularly with the development of Libra, a payment system designed to reach billions of people. We talked about the challenges and pushback the project faced, and how the Libra project was a significant part of Marcus' journey in building his current company, Lightspark.
David has come to the conviction that Bitcoin is the only form of neutral internet money, which stems from his experience trying to build a technology that could scale and provide a stable form of digital money. He believes that a real-time global payment systems, similar to sending an email or text message, combined with the decentralization and liquidity of Bitcoin, can unleash a significant increase in global GDP. Scaling issues will be a major challenge as adoption increases.
Lightspark seeks to help address these limitations by focusing on the usability and operational challenges of the Lightning network, such as liquidity management and route finding. They have developed technology to simplify Lightning's channel-based system, making it easier to spin up and maintain Lightning Network nodes, allowing for faster and cheaper bitcoin movement. There are also other potential innovations that could greatly enhance Bitcoin’s use as a payments rail.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/building-the-global-financial-system
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Joseph Wang is a former senior treasury trader at the Fed who now runs Fedguy.com, a research blog on financial markets. In this interview, we discuss his experience working on the Fed's treasury trading desk, the role of central banks and how this has expanded over time, the relationship between the Fed and the Treasury, quantitative easing, deficit spending, the growing national debt, and the benefits of decentralisation.
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The Federal Reserve is the United States Central Bank. Established in 1913 after a series of banking panics, its primary purpose was to provide a more stable and reliable banking system by regulating financial institutions, providing banking services to the government, and promoting financial stability. However, the Fed’s role has expanded over time to encompass market interventions in response to economic fluctuations and financial crises.
One crucial aspect of the Fed's remit is the implementation of monetary policy. Through tools such as open market operations, reserve requirements, and interest rate adjustments, the Fed seeks to control inflation, stabilise prices, and promote maximum employment. As the economy has become more complex, so has the Fed’s toolkit to address emerging challenges to include extreme actions such as becoming the lender of last resort and quantitative easing.
A popular criticism is that the Fed’s actions have materially affected the state’s increasing and unsustainable deficit and debt growth. Whilst the Fed does not have the power to directly increase or decrease deficits, it can indirectly contribute to deficits through its monetary policy actions. Regarding the national debt, the Fed currently owns significant amounts of U.S. government bonds, resulting from its efforts to stabilise the economy during times of crisis.
A more fundamental issue is the Fed’s potential role as the centralised authority in the control of money. CBDCs provide for the complete digitisation of money and the disintermediation of retail banks, which would provide the Fed with even more capacity to affect monetary policy. Despite the risks to personal sovereignty, such power would be too tempting for central bankers to forgo. Essentially, decentralisation is needed to keep the Fed in check. All roads lead to Bitcoin!
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/how-the-federal-reserve-works
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William Casarin is a Bitcoin Core, Lightning Network and Nostr developer. In this wide-ranging interview, we discuss the current debate over Canadian state control over media and the disillusionment of its citizens, the advantages of using Bitcoin in the context of current banking constraints, the potential of decentralized social media platforms such as Nostr, and the benefits and challenges of AI.
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William Casarin is one of the band of amazing developers within our community who ensure the cogs of Bitcoin-related machines keep working. Our conversation began with a discussion about the current situation in Canada amid concerns about state control of the media. We also touched on the decline of Canada and the disillusionment of its citizens, especially after a trucker protest revealed the true nature of the politicians.
We then shifted our conversation to our experiences with banks, which can be invasive and unreliable, and the advantages of using Bitcoin. Banks today restrict financial liberty: there are serious questions regarding their overreach in implementing KYC and AML checks. Whilst running businesses on a Bitcoin standard has advantages, there are real challenges as most businesses still require access to fiat currency and associated payment channels.
William then shared his vision of creating a level playing field for free speech online and mentioned the progress being made in decentralised social media platforms such as Nostr. He highlighted the complementarity between Bitcoin and free speech, as both are protocols that promote freedom and autonomy.
We also discussed the use of AI in various fields. AI can be used to accelerate intelligence and make tasks more efficient, such as generating assets for video games. However, there are serious concerns about overreliance on AI and the potential dangers it may pose. Cryptography will be an important tool in dealing with the security risks associated with AI, despite states such as the UK seeking to ban end-to-end encryption.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/decentralise-everything
This episode’s sponsors: Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Wasabi Wallet - Privacy by default Unchained - Secure your bitcoin with confidence OrangePillApp - Stack Friends Who Stack Sats
Steven Lubka is Managing Director of Private Client Services at Swan Bitcoin. In this interview, they discuss recent developments in the legal disputes between Peter and Craig Wright. Then, in the build-up to the Pacific Bitcoin Festival, they talk about various topics such as Bitcoin’s community, the importance of financial stability, the cultural revolution brought about by Bitcoin, and the need for a positive vision of the future.
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Ahead of the Pacific Bitcoin Festival, the podcast was a great opportunity to catch up with one of the show’s favourite guests, the peripatetic Bitcoiner Steven Lubka! In light of recent developments, the conversation kicked off with an update on Peter’s ongoing litigation involving Craig Wright. This litigation is still live, and in time Peter will be able to tell the full story, but, it seems like we’re definitely a lot closer to the end given the events of the past week.
The conversation then shifted to our experiences within the Bitcoin community. We have both felt a strong sense of unity and passion within this community, a stark contrast to other industries. Bitcoiners tend to have multiple interests and go deep into various fields. Further, the community remained unfazed by the volatility, focusing more on the cultural revolution brought about by Bitcoin rather than its monetary value.
As we delved deeper into the conversation, we reflected on the concept of time and its scarcity.
We also discussed the importance of financial stability and its impact on one's ability to make meaningful choices in life. Financial constraints can limit one's ability to reevaluate their life and make different choices. We acknowledged the devastating effects of financial instability, citing examples from countries like Argentina and Lebanon.
Towards the end of our conversation, we touched on how the mechanics and structure of a monetary system can shape human culture and emphasized the need for meaning and hope in society and the dangers of nihilism. We also discussed the possibility and impact of Bitcoin ending and our confidence that the community assembled around Bitcoin will continue to change the world regardless of the outcome of Bitcoin itself.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/bitcoins-cultural-revolution
This episode’s sponsors: Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Wasabi Wallet - Privacy by default Unchained - Secure your bitcoin with confidence OrangePillApp - Stack Friends Who Stack Sats
Mike Brock is the lead at TBD, the Bitcoin-focused subsidiary of Block. In this interview, we discuss Bitcoin’s limitations in solving complex societal problems, counter-arguments to the narrative that monetary flexibility leads to falling living standards and wasteful investments, the complexities and risks of Bitcoin’s widespread adoption, and why, despite certain limitations, Bitcoin still has the potential to be the most important monetary asset in human history.
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The Bitcoin community has had to harden itself against attacks from outside, by those either too ignorant or too invested in the incumbent system to allow themselves to understand the brilliance of the innovation. However, not all of those who raise issues counter to mainstream Bitcoin opinion are either attacking the innovation or the community. Some opinions are manifestly good faith attempts to sharpen the arguments needed to help wider Bitcoin adoption.
Mike Brock is someone who sits in this camp: he is an unapologetic advocate for Bitcoin but doesn’t necessarily agree with what could be framed as Bitcoin orthodoxy. In this podcast, we discuss in more detail the concerns around groupthink on certain issues, which is in turn leading to a branding issue that seems to be affecting wider adoption.
Specifically, is there a misconception in the Bitcoin community that Bitcoin has already won and will replace the US dollar? Has loose monetary policy since 1971 actually resulted in reduced living standards and significantly poor corporate investment behaviour? Are inflationary metrics providing a real understanding of consumer experiences? And, will a strict monetary policy have a net positive or negative influence on economies and societies?
Consideration of the arguments for and against deflationary or inflationary currencies enables Bitcoin’s true potential to be honed. However, even if Bitcoin has a long way to go before challenging the dominance of the US dollar, it has the potential to immediately help lift millions of people out of poverty by providing open, effective and cheap financial infrastructure. This means Bitcoin has a compelling narrative even within mainstream economic and political assumptions.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/hyperbitcoinisation-cant-happen
This episode’s sponsors: Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Wasabi Wallet - Privacy by default Unchained - Secure your bitcoin with confidence OrangePillApp - Stack Friends Who Stack Sats
Peter St Onge is an Economist at the Heritage Foundation and a Fellow at the Mises Institute. In this interview, we discuss the burden of excessive government control, corruption & the erosion of trust in institutions, the influence of activists on government decisions, & reducing the size of government. Using examples from Argentina & Lebanon, we talk about the resilience of normal people in the face of a collapsing state, & the challenges of scaling anarchic systems.
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What Bitcoin Did makes films, which are published on YouTube under the banner “Follow the Money”. Through the experiences of everyday people, and through the lens of new kinds of currency like Bitcoin, these films explore what money is, who controls it — and how new forms of it could help create a better, more equitable future for us all. So far, 3 films have been released, covering Bitcoin’s legalisation in El Salvador, inflation in the UK and Bitcoin mining in Texas.
There are currently 2 further films in post-production: a film about the impact of triple-digit inflation on Argentinians, and a film about the impact of the economic crisis on the Lebanese. These films have had a profound effect on me, providing me with a unique perspective on the role of government.
Making these films has spotlighted obvious negative issues emanating from bloated & corrupt states being allowed to thrive. But there are also unexpected positive experiences showing normal people's capacity to show agency & develop innovative methods of self-reliance in the face of a collapsing state. I was eager to share my experiences with Peter St Onge, who I knew could understand and contextualise my observations and insights.
We delved into our philosophical beliefs on the size of government and the potential of Bitcoin. Initially, I dismissed libertarian ideas, but my experiences in these countries have challenged this thinking. We discussed the difficulties and potential risks of eliminating the state, acknowledging the natural tendency for people to organise and create rules. We also touched on the role of democracy and the potential problems that arise when the political unit becomes too large.
In both countries, I observed the effects of severe economic strain on different social classes. The poor are obviously massively disadvantaged in these situations, and I was witness to many heartbreaking stories. However, the incredibly inspiring stories of resilience and organisation in the face of adversity reinforced my belief in the potential of people when they are not burdened by excessive government control.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/the-free-market-for-money
This episode’s sponsors: Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Wasabi Wallet - Privacy by default Unchained - Secure your bitcoin with confidence OrangePillApp - Stack Friends Who Stack Sats
Jeff Booth is the Author of The Price of Tomorrow & CEO/Chairman of Ego Death Capital. George Gammon is an investor, macroeconomics expert & host of The Rebel Capitalist Show. We discuss Bitcoin’s role in the world: its role as a hedge against the tradfi system, its disruptive potential & ability to reprice everything, & the challenges & consequences of a Bitcoin-dominated world.
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Jeff Booth, an entrepreneur, technologist, & author of the book ‘The Price of Tomorrow’, is a visionary in the Bitcoin field & a regular guest on this show. But, it’s been nearly 3 years since I interviewed the amazing George Gammon, renowned for his ‘The Rebel Capitalist Show’ podcast. This conversation was born out of a Twitter exchange, and it quickly became apparent that they share more common ground than many might have initially assumed.
Many believe that George is anti-Bitcoin, but that’s not the case. His stance on Bitcoin is pragmatic. George believes in the importance of owning Bitcoin for purchasing power outside of the traditional system, especially with the rise of central bank digital currencies. And yet, he emphasizes the importance of probabilities and trade-offs in discussions about Bitcoin and he doesn't necessarily see it as a guaranteed path to wealth.
Jeff's views align with George's on many fronts: they both expressed their belief in the potential of Bitcoin. The differences between the 2 guests lie in the perceived probabilities of hyperbitcoinisation. Jeff sees Bitcoin's potential to reprice the existing system if it remains decentralized and secure. In this event, one needs to imagine a world where value is priced in Bitcoin, not where Bitcoin is priced in dollars.
Jeff promotes a future where prices will fall forever against a fixed number of units of currency, a stark contrast to the current system. This will affect the appreciation of Bitcoin in different economic scenarios. While Bitcoin may currently be seen as a high-risk asset with the potential for significant returns, in a world where goods and services experience deflation, Bitcoin's appreciation may be less pronounced.
This show was another inspirational war cry for Bitcoin from two esteemed guests. Jeff couldn't imagine putting his time & money anywhere else due to the high returns he expects. George believes that even if Bitcoin doesn't become a global currency or faces challenges like fractional reserve usage and inflation, there is still massive value in its ability to enable transactions outside of the existing system. It highlights that everyone should consider the potential benefits of Bitcoin.
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/the-bitcoin-debate
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Daniel Batten is an author, analyst, environmental campaigner and investor in ClimateTech. In this interview, we discuss the challenges of convincing people about climate change, the importance of trust in government, and the potential positive impact of Bitcoin mining on the environment. We also talk about Daniel’s focus on accelerating Bitcoin mining’s use in reducing global landfill methane emissions.
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Bitcoin mining requires powerful computer hardware and consumes a considerable amount of electricity. In some locations, this energy is primarily sourced from fossil fuels. Critics claim that this leads to excessive carbon emissions and contributes to climate change. This is obviously a simplistic and false narrative; the true situation may at first seem counterintuitive, but Bitcoin is actually a powerful tool in the fight against climate change.
Bitcoin mining incentivizes the use of renewable energy sources. Miners often seek areas with abundant cheap electricity, which lends itself to seeking out renewable sources of energy. This results in mining subsidising the build-out of renewable energy sources, which in turn facilitates the development of reliable and sustainable energy grids.
But, perhaps the most exciting application of Bitcoin mining is in the use of waste methane. Around 30% of the rise in global temperatures is estimated to be due to methane emissions, and methane has 80 times more warming power than carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Further, 11% of global methane emissions come from landfill sites. The World Bank estimates that landfill emissions will grow 70% by 2050.
As we heard in our podcast last year with Vespene Energy’s Adam Wright, waste methane is an amazing energy source for Bitcoin mining. The waste output is carbon dioxide, which is 80 times less potent than the methane input. Daniel Batten is seeking to accelerate the build-out of such technology. The aim is to generate 32 megawatts of power from landfills, offsetting the equivalent of 4 million tonnes of carbon dioxide. That’s 10% of Bitcoin’s carbon footprint!
In this podcast, Daniel explains the opportunities and challenges behind scaling up Bitcoin mining’s carbon-offsetting potential. The fund he co-founded, CH4 Capital, has a mission to offset 2% of global greenhouse emissions with a $500 million investment. The exciting thing for Bitcoiners is that using methane emissions from landfills is obviously just one of a number of sustainable applications. It’s just a matter of time before Greenpeace gets orange-pilled!
Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/making-bitcoin-carbon-negative
This episode’s sponsors: Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Wasabi Wallet - Privacy by default Unchained - Secure your bitcoin with confidence OrangePillApp - Stack Friends Who Stack Sats
Nik Bhatia is the founder of ‘The Bitcoin Layer’ & author of ‘Layered Money’. This interview delves into Nik's work in the Bitcoin industry and his background in trading interest rates. We discuss the impact of low-interest rates on the economy, the relationship between inflation and interest rates, and the impact of central bank actions on markets. The conversation expands to include global recessions, the Chinese economy, and the future of Bitcoin.
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The unprecedented period of low-interest rates that followed the 2008-09 financial crisis was deemed a golden opportunity for those leveraging debt. However, this environment hid many significant dangers. Chief among them was the encouragement of irrational investments. The problem comes, as we have seen, when this period of low interest ends. A reasonable cost of capital provides a check on such behaviour.
Interest rates are influenced by both the market and central banks, with central banks often lagging behind market movements. When the central bank raises rates, they are adjusting the target rates for various lending markets. There is therefore an interplay between central bank actions and market forces in determining interest rates. In addition, there is feedback as investors anticipate interest rate hikes and adjust their investments accordingly.
As we have seen, central banks have used interest rates to temper inflation. This is a crude tool and can risk tipping economies into recession. Purchasing Managers' Indexes (PMIs) can be used to analyse economic activity at the nation-state level; the PMIs in Europe are all in contractionary territory, indicating a deteriorating economy. The issue is, that in our globalised economy, such problems leak into other economies, such as China.
The underlying issue in such a situation is the significant risks associated with the traditional financial instruments of the fiat economy. Financial institutions' liabilities are approaching concerning levels. The problem is that such liabilities are essentially infinite. This is why Bitcoin’s value tends to rise when central banks implement easing measures, as many can see the eventual unwinding of the fiat system. The question is how close are we to this unwinding?
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Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/the-breaking-of-the-global-economy
This episode’s sponsors: Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Wasabi Wallet - Privacy by default Unchained - Secure your bitcoin with confidence OrangePillApp - Stack Friends Who Stack Sats
Checkmate is Glassnode’s Lead On-chain Analyst and creator of checkonchain. In this interview, we discuss Bitcoin investing and market analysis, Bitcoin as a hedge against inflation and housing market bubbles, the current economic situation, the potential future role of Bitcoin as a settlement currency for nation-states, and the power and unstoppable nature of Bitcoin.
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Checkmate is one of the best on-chain analysts, leading Glassnode’s on-chain research and data analysis, and also creating checkonchain to provide a suite of Bitcoin on-chain charts. This show’s discussion therefore focused on the Bitcoin market and trends, including the impacts of Luna and FTX on market sentiment. We also delved into the concept of profit and how it can be measured, and the importance of understanding market indicators and making informed decisions.
Our conversation also took in the macroeconomic situation. We discussed the housing market and the potential risks involved in buying a house. We discussed the high ratio of median house prices to median income in Australia, Canada, and New Zealand, referring to it as a "Ponzi scheme." We also considered the current economic situation: its challenges and the need for individuals to be aware of how the system works.
Specifically, people need to be aware of the impact of inflation and taxes on their finances. Whilst Bitcoin is a hedge for some, others feel the need to speculate and gamble on markets in the fiat system. Argentina is a valuable example in this context, as Argentinians need to manage their money in the face of triple-digit inflation. As people’s wealth can rapidly evaporate in such circumstances, it brings into sharp relief the concept of money as a proxy for time.
Towards the end of our conversation, we talked about the power and unstoppable nature of Bitcoin: Bitcoin's design assumes human greed and self-interest, which makes it a powerful and unstoppable organism. Checkmate also provided his opinion on the potential future role of Bitcoin as a settlement currency for nation-states, speculating that nation-states may start testing Bitcoin as a liquid layer on top of their gold reserves, driven by the involvement of oil producers.
Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/all-roads-lead-to-bitcoin
This episode’s sponsors: Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Wasabi Wallet - Privacy by default Unchained - Secure your bitcoin with confidence OrangePillApp - Stack Friends Who Stack Sats
On September 9th What Bitcoin Did hosted a live show in Sydney. In this second of two podcasts, the guests were the founder of The Bitcoin Layer & Author of Layered Money Nik Bhatia, & and Bitcoin analyst & partner at Crest Willy Woo. Across these interviews, we discussed various topics related to Bitcoin, including its Bitcoin's volatility, its potential as a global currency and the prospects for Bitcoin's global adoption. The show includes the Q&A from the event.
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This is the second of two podcasts sharing interviews from What Bitcoin Did’s first Australian live show that was recorded in Sydney. However, this show is with 2 regular guests of the podcast who always bring unique and invaluable insights into Bitcoin’s evolution: Nik Bhatia and Willy Woo.
Nik is an adjunct Professor of Finance at the University of Southern California. We talk about how he has introduced Bitcoin into the curriculum following the success of his book “Layered Money”. Nik’s course covers the technical aspects of Bitcoin, starting with the white paper and delving into topics like blockchain, mining, and cryptography. He also contextualizes Bitcoin within the broader financial world and discusses its valuation and differences from other cryptocurrencies.
Nik also highlights his divergent opinions about Bitcoin. He doesn’t think it is a magic bullet: Nik believes it will take mass adoption for it to start fixing things in the economic system. And yet, Nik is passionate about Bitcoin’s incredible potential, particularly in non-US and non-western countries. The discovery of Bitcoin as a tool for financial empowerment in these regions is arguably the most exciting thing about Satoshi’s innovation.
Willy has long provided great analysis of Bitcoin’s price performance. In this show, he discusses the volatility of Bitcoin returns. Willy explains that Bitcoin has historically had high volatility but is now converging with other macro assets in terms of trading range. He attributes this to the financialization of Bitcoin, with the introduction of futures and other paper markets. However, he expresses concern about the control these paper markets have over the price of Bitcoin.
The conversation with Willy then shifts to Bitcoin's potential as a global currency. While lower volatility may be desirable for stability, it may not be ideal for Bitcoin's growth and adoption as a global currency. We discuss the current state of the fiat system and the potential collapse of traditional currencies, which could further drive the adoption of Bitcoin. Then, the floor was open to a Q&A with all five of my live show guests, which made clear there's always plenty to discuss!
This episode’s sponsors: Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Wasabi Wallet - Privacy by default Unchained - Secure your bitcoin with confidence OrangePillApp - Stack Friends Who Stack Sats
On September 9th What Bitcoin Did hosted a live show in Sydney. In this first of two podcasts, the guests were the Co-Founder & Co-CEO of Iris Energy Daniel Roberts, Glassnode’s Lead On-chain Analyst Checkmate, & the Open Software & Lightning Network developer Rusty Russell. Across these interviews, we discussed various topics related to Bitcoin, including its meaning, its impact on people's thinking, and its potential to reshape the financial system.
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What Bitcoin Did’s live events are a growing part of our work. We’ve been incredibly fortunate to host shows across the US and in the UK. Now, we’ve had the huge honour of hosting a show in Sydney Australia. It is important to extend our reach into new geographies, as the number of talented people working in Bitcoin obviously extends to all corners of the world. But importantly, each geography has invaluable perspectives.
This show, as with all the live shows, covered a huge amount of ground. The conversation commenced with Checkmate providing his views on the meaning of Bitcoin. He described money as time and saw Bitcoin as a source of hope and an opportunity to think differently. Further, Checkmate believes that Bitcoin can reshape our understanding of money and its role in society.
Rusty Russell, a civil engineer turned Bitcoin advocate, shared his journey from scepticism about finance to working in the field. He explained that as an engineer, he views the world from a problem-solving perspective, which differs from the traditional economic viewpoint. He believes that Bitcoin defies logic for traditional economists because it is too simple and elegant for them to understand.
Daniel Roberts and I talked about Iris Energy, a Bitcoin mining company that supports What Bitcoin Did. Daniel explained Bitcoin mining’s opportunity in the context of the energy market, and how Bitcoin mining acts as a demand-side battery allowing miners to adjust their energy consumption based on market pricing. We addressed the misconception that Bitcoin miners are exploiting the energy grid, emphasising that they are part of a functioning market and contribute to grid stability.
The show also covered many other important topics, including the value of data to trading Bitcoin, patterns of behaviour in the Bitcoin market, the Potential of next-generation computing and AI for Bitcoin mining, the different stages of Bitcoin's development, and the potential risks and uncertainties associated with stablecoins. Watch out for the second show which has the discussion with the equally awesome pairing of Nik Bhatia and Willy Woo.
Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/wbd-live-in-sydney-pt-1
This episode’s sponsors: Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Wasabi Wallet - Privacy by default Unchained - Secure your bitcoin with confidence Orange Pill App - Stack Friends Who Stack Sats
Steven Nelkovski is the CEO of Perth Heat and Patrick O’Sullivan is the Chief Bitcoin Officer. In this interview, we discuss sports teams adopting a Bitcoin standard, why it’s important to meet people where they are at and how Bitcoin changes the economics of sport.
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Perth Heat is a professional baseball team based in Perth, Western Australia. It is a foundation member of the Australian Baseball League, and is the most successful team in ABL history, having won 15 Claxton Shields championships.
In November 2021, the Perth Heat became the first team in world sport to operate on a Bitcoin Standard. They pay their players and staff in Bitcoin, accept Bitcoin payments for sponsorships, merchandise, and ballpark concessions and of course holds Bitcoin on its balance sheet.
Bitcoin will disrupt every industry, and sports is no different. Being early not only puts your team on the map to the global bitcoin audience, but the economic incentives are clear, teams like Perth Heat and Real Bedford have first mover advantages and are front-running the bigger clubs that will inevitably adopt Bitcoin.
Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/orange-pilling-through-sport
This episode’s sponsors: Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Wasabi Wallet - Privacy by default Unchained - Secure your bitcoin with confidence
Michael Dunworth is the co-founder of Wyre Payments. In this interview, we discuss Bitcoin, private keys and the role of technology in advancing human understanding. We also talk about the significance of security, identity, and the evolving nature of society in the digital age, when the challenges of distinguishing real from fake is becoming increasingly difficult.
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The internet has been transformative. But, could its benefits soon be outweighed by its disbenefits? Whilst it has enabled people to connect across the world in real-time, ironically, digital technology has had a significant negative impact on human connection and community. People are increasingly finding meaningful connections with disparate online communities at the expense of developing connections with people in their immediate surroundings.
Then there are the technical challenges. Technology has made it easier for impersonation and deepfake scams such that distinguishing real content from fake content has become increasingly difficult. There are plenty of examples of fake conversations involving well-known figures like Steve Jobs and Mark Zuckerberg, which can deceive people into believing false information. The nature of identity in the digital age is therefore evolving quickly.
There is a need for identity verification. Potential solutions are being developed. A worrying number of these involve centralised control of the verification process. There are obviously huge second-order risks of this approach. Could public key cryptography be part of the solution to verify the authenticity of digital content without harming privacy? Could Bitcoin secure more than just monetary value?
But, how do we combat the atomisation of society caused by the internet? Will people regain a valuation in the importance of local communities, human connection and hard work, or, will technology continue to inflict damage on individuals, communities and the nation-state? Technology advances human understanding. But, it’s also swallowing humanity.
Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/solving-the-unsolvable-problems
This episode’s sponsors: Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Wasabi Wallet - Privacy by default Unchained - Secure your bitcoin with confidence
Peter Dunworth runs a multi-family office for high-net-worth families. In this interview, we discuss Bitcoin in Australia, and the reluctance of banks to embrace it despite it being the world’s most undervalued collateral. We also talk about the negative impact of state expenditure and taxation on inflation and the economy, and how markets are going to form around Bitcoin.
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Australia should be a natural home for Bitcoin. Back in 2013, the governor of the Reserve Bank of Australia (Australia’s central bank) stated “There would be nothing to stop people in this country deciding to transact in some other currency in a shop if they wanted to. There’s no law against that, so we do have competing currencies.” This sentiment provides content for the mild approach the Australian government has historically employed to Bitcoin regulation.
As Bitcoin and digital assets mature there are demands for legislation from some prominent Australian politicians. However, as in the US, regulators are struggling to determine how to deal with Bitcoin in comparison to other digital assets. The Australian Securities and Investments Commission, the Australian version of the SEC, does not currently deem Bitcoin to be a financial product.
This lack of regulatory clarity is why Bitcoin is yet to be fully embraced by mainstream banking in Australia. Whilst Bitcoin transactions are allowed, there are increasingly onerous banking limitations on transacting with exchanges. Essentially, banks don’t want money leaking out of their control as this reduces their ability to increase the flow of money through fractional reserve banking.
It is Peter Dunworth’s opinion though that we could be at a tipping point. Bitcoin, according to Peter, is the world’s most undervalued collateral. Banks will eventually lean into this as they will be able to add it to their balance sheets and solve their current capital adequacy problems. They will then be able to leverage it as any other balance sheet asset for loans. This is why Peter believes that, in terms of the future, Bitcoin is chronically undervalued.
Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/valuing-bitcoin
This episode’s sponsors: Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Wasabi Wallet - Privacy by default Unchained - Secure your bitcoin with confidence
L0la L33tz is a privacy advocate and writer. In this interview, we discuss her recent article about flaws in Chainalysis blockchain analysis software. They discuss the impact of such issues in the case against Roman Sterlingoff, who has been held in jail based on Chainalysis' evidence, the need for regulation in the blockchain surveillance industry, and Coindesk’s subsequent hesitance over L0la’s worthy article amid a conflict of interest.
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Roman Sterlingov has been in jail for 2 years. He has been accused of running Bitcoin Fog, a Bitcoin mixer, and laundering $334 million. No evidence has been found on any computer, thumb drive or server that links Roman to the crimes he’s accused of. The evidence that does exist has been produced by the blockchain forensics company Chainanalysis.
The DoJ’s case against Roman is progressing. As part of a court hearing on the admissibility of expert testimony, Chainalysis’s head of investigation testified that there was no scientific evidence for the accuracy of their software. This is obviously a significant revelation that tests law enforcement's belief that such analysis can be used to censor transactions and imprison people.
Chainalysis has thus far failed to provide key validating data and peer-reviewed studies. There are also significant doubts about the heuristics used by Chainalysis, such as the co-spend heuristic, which assumes that all inputs in a transaction belong to the same person. This heuristic fails when technologies like coin joins are used, where multiple people contribute inputs to a transaction.
An underlying problem is the complete lack of regulation in the blockchain surveillance industry. There should be open-source transparency as such analysis is being used to deny people their liberty and seize their assets. But, the companies involved are driven by profit and they seek to protect their intellectual property.
This has bled into the reporting on the case. CoinDesk, whose parent company is an investor in Chainalysis, initially retracted an article on this case by L0la L33tz without informing her. They later republished it. But, it calls into question some of the material conflicts of interest within the industry. To avoid a powerful nexus of special interests, it is vital that independent journalists like L0la L33tz are supported in their efforts to shine a light on such systems.
Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/is-chainalysis-prosecuting-innocent-people
This episode’s sponsors: Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Wasabi Wallet - Privacy by default Unchained - Secure your bitcoin with confidence
Lyn Alden is a macroeconomist and investment strategist. This interview is the final of three shows where we discuss Lyn’s amazing new book: Broken Money. In this show, we recap the flaws in the modern financial system, and then we discuss the potential of Bitcoin as a decentralised solution with its ability to allow hard asset money to move globally at speed.
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It is becoming increasingly clear, even to people without expertise in monetary or fiscal matters, that the current economic system is in need of urgent reform. The money supply continues to inflate, rewarding large, well-connected entities at the expense of smaller ones, with liabilities shifting from the private to the public sector. At the state level, many countries are facing serious challenges in accumulating capital and making global payments. In short, money is broken.
At a more fundamental level, there are serious technical limitations with current forms of money. Humans have been trying to make gold and silver easier to use for thousands of years, leading to the development of various banking tools. However, the increasing level of abstraction in these tools has caused major issues, especially with the rise of telecommunications. This has led to the current system where physical money is too slow for the modern global economy.
Bitcoin is a potential solution to all these issues. It is different from previous monetary innovations as it allows hard asset money to move globally at the speed of digital communications, which could revolutionise the financial system. It is unsurprising that it has emerged at the end of the long-term debt cycle, as an innovation that unified various technical concepts developed over previous decades, with the aim of creating a form of money suitable for the digital age.
But perhaps more important than the technical aspects of Bitcoin is the rigid and predictable monetary policy, which consists of two simple rules: a fixed limit of 21 million coins and a halving of the inflation rate every 210,000 blocks (approximately every four years). Its decentralised nature protects this monetary policy from being corrupted. This simplicity contrasts starkly with the complex and convoluted monetary policies of central banks and governments.
Bitcoin therefore offers a global, decentralised ledger that allows for easy cross-border transactions and protects against debasement. Whilst its advantages are more immediately obvious to the people and governments in developing countries, Bitcoin’s importance extends to all people and all countries. There are always risks to Bitcoin that the community needs to be prepared for, so it is vital to educate people about Bitcoin and its long-term potential.
Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/how-bitcoin-fixes-money
This episode’s sponsors: Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Wasabi Wallet - Privacy by default Unchained - Secure your bitcoin with confidence
Lyn Alden is a macroeconomist and investment strategist. This interview is the second of three shows where we discuss Lyn’s amazing new book: Broken Money. In this show, we explore the concept of hard money, the ascendancy of paper money and the transition from gold-backed currency to fiat currency. We talk about the birth of banks, fractional reserve lending, central banks, the flaws of the Bretton Woods system, and the impact of the petrodollar.
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Historically, hard money like gold has been considered the ideal form of money due to its scarcity & durability. However, another aspect to consider is utility. Paper money, despite not being as hard as gold, became dominant because of its convenience and speed. Speed is perhaps one of the most important functions people demand in money: throughout history, humans have sought to make money more portable and efficient.
At the same time as money was evolving, so were the institutions associated with managing money. Banks can be traced back hundreds of years with the provision of credit and the increased portability of money. The modern form of banks emerged in Europe over the past few centuries; the importance of banking to the functions of the state led to the development of central banks that financed governments, particularly during times of war.
The demand for speed opened the door for the introduction of fiat currency, which offered faster and more convenient transactions. Government legal tender laws and taxes on non-monetary assets further solidified the dominance of fiat currency. But, this also opened up the distortion of money as a result of greed and abuse. The speed arbitrage provided by fiat currency has allowed for more manipulation and corruption.
The evolution of fiat currency led to the emergence of the petrodollar: the United States sought to replace gold with the dollar and maintain its economic and military dominance by enabling the dollar to become the global reserve currency. However, this has negatively impacted countries outside of the US, and it’s also now affecting the US. The future of money needs a reboot. The development of a decentralized alternative will be the focus of the final show of this series.
Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/how-money-broke
This episode’s sponsors: Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Wasabi Wallet - Privacy by default Unchained - Secure your bitcoin with confidence
Lyn Alden is a macroeconomist and investment strategist. In this interview, we discuss Lyn’s amazing new book: Broken Money. This show, the first in a series of three shows, delves into the history of money: the concept of money as a ledger, its different forms throughout history, as well as the properties that make a commodity suitable for use as money.
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One of the key concepts Lyn explores is the idea of money as a ledger, of which there are three main forms: commodity money, governed by the specific properties of the physical commodity being used as money; bank money, which is a ledger governed by nation states and managed by central banks; and, open-source money like Bitcoin, where the ledger is governed by the users, who create and maintain the rules of the system. But how did money develop?
Money emerged as an innovation to solve the problems of barter, where the limitations of the double coincidence of wants and lack of trust between traders made transactions difficult. Money emerged as a liquid accounting system making transactions more efficient. Different cultures used various commodities as forms of money throughout history, including shell beads, cocoa, salt, and furs.
Each type of commodity used as money had unique properties that made them suitable, such as divisibility and the ability for them to be recombined. As technology advanced, people were able to produce more of these commodities, which led to their devaluation. However, two commodities that were difficult to devalue were silver and gold. These precious metals were rarer and had a natural difficulty adjustment, making them more suitable as money.
As important as the technology of money was the evolution of the theory of money. Two competing theories of money emerged: commodity theory and credit theory. Commodity theorists believed that barter was the precursor to money. However, credit as a form of money has been found in modern hunter-gatherer societies and used as an effective way of circumventing the need for commodities as money.
The current paradigm is seeing bank money and credit theory coming under significant strain. Every system controlled by human administrators degrades over time, with most currencies experiencing high inflation or even hyperinflation within a human lifetime. However, despite attempts to find alternatives like the dollar or Bitcoin, nothing quite fills the void left by the local currency. How money broke will be the focus of the next show.
Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/the-emergence-of-money
This episode’s sponsors: Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably Ledn - Financial services for Bitcoin hodlers Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Wasabi Wallet - Privacy by default Unchained - Secure your bitcoin with confidence
Matthew Mežinskis is the creator of the Crypto Voices podcast and Porkopolis Economics website. In this interview, we discuss the concept of base money, a comparison of global currency valuations (including Bitcoin), COVID-19’s impact on the monetary base, limitations of the current monetary system, government debt, inflation, political problems, and the need for change.
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There are quite rightly real concerns over the societal implications of Central Bank Digital Currencies particularly in relation to the capacity it will give governments to erode democratic principles. However, there are already serious concerns regarding the existing system. The transmission of monetary policy, that is, the impact of central bank policy decisions on the economy, is significant. And yet, these policy decisions are done behind closed doors.
Around two-thirds of the United States’ monetary base is digital: equating to 20 trillion dollars. Central banks add and remove trillions of dollars from the monetary system through keystrokes and computer strokes, increasing and reducing the bank reserves by increasingly eye-watering amounts. The latest changes have removed material liquidity from the banking system. This has caused interest rates to rise, which has resulted in banking collapses and a cost of living crisis.
Some are calling for central banks to be abolished, such as Javier Milei, the libertarian candidate leading Argentinia’s presidential polls. However, central banks are closely entwined to the global economy; there is no easy way to surgically remove them without causing collateral damage to the real economy. Yet, if central banks continue on their current path there will be more currency collapses and a concentration of value in a narrowing set of global currencies.
The monetary system is therefore becoming a cartel controlled by a small elite who are benefiting from this situation whilst the majority suffer. There is growing dissatisfaction with this situation and a desire for change among the general population. Bitcoin can play a role in such a change: it both offers a more efficient and less restrictive alternative, but also, educates people as to the nature of the problem with a centralized monetary system.
Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/how-central-banks-broke-money
This episode’s sponsors: Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably Ledn - Financial services for Bitcoin hodlers Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Wasabi Wallet - Privacy by default Unchained - Secure your bitcoin with confidence
Konstantin Kisin is a Russian-British satirist, podcaster, author and political commentator. In this interview, we discuss politics, freedom of expression, and the influence of American discourse on the UK. We also talk about the importance of rational and reasonable discussions, the challenges of self-censorship and the connection between economic issues and "wokeism".
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Cancel culture, the practice of publicly shaming or boycotting individuals or organizations deemed to have said or done something objectionable is a phenomenon that has gained prominence in recent years. The exact beginnings of cancel culture are hard to pinpoint, as public backlash and boycotts have occurred throughout history. However, the rise of social media platforms in the late 2000s and early 2010s significantly amplified cancel culture's influence.
The problem is the impact cancel culture has in shaping societal discourse and accountability. Supporters view it as a way to hold people responsible for their actions, promote social justice, and challenge systemic issues. They argue that cancelling figures or entities who promote harmful ideas helps to create a more inclusive and equitable society. It can also serve as a form of empowerment for marginalized groups.
And yet, cancel culture has faced strong and growing criticism in recent years for its significant negative impacts. The practice often lacks nuance or fairness, leading to disproportionate consequences for minor offences or misunderstandings without due process. Further, it fosters a culture of fear and self-censorship, as individuals may be afraid to express unpopular opinions or engage in critical discussions for fear of being cancelled.
Perhaps the most minacious consequence is that cancel culture can lead to further polarization in society as people retreat into echo chambers and become more resistant to differing viewpoints. The effect is to critically hinder open dialogue and mutual understanding. Rather than engaging in constructive dialogue, people are being prevented the opportunity to engage in rational and reasonable debate. If we want to remain free we must be prepared to be offended.
Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/the-growing-culture-war
This episode’s sponsors: Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably Ledn - Financial services for Bitcoin hodlers Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Wasabi Wallet - Privacy by default Unchained - Secure your bitcoin with confidence
Ben Arc is a free open-source software advocate and founder of LNbits. In this interview, we discuss a range of subjects covering poverty, politics, and technology. We talk about the value of hard work, the impact of Brexit, the potential of decentralized platforms like Nostr, privacy concerns, censorship on social media platforms, and the importance of freedom of speech.
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Ben Arc is one of the Bitcoin community's most unheralded heroes’: there are numerous occasions when LNbits, which he co-founded, has been mentioned as a vital cog in the development of new Bitcoin software and hardware across the world, particularly in Africa. Then there is Ben’s leading development in the censor-resistant social network Nostr. And, he was an OG Bitcoin progressive pushing against the dogma that Bitcoin was solely a libertarian tool.
In this great podcast, we discuss a range of subjects close to Ben’s heart that fall into the big buckets of politics and technology. Ben has a personal experience of poverty, which has shaped his political views. We talk about this and the most important political event to have affected the UK in our lifetimes, Brexit, which has dominated headlines for years and still continues to divide opinion.
We then focus on Ben’s opinions of the potential for decentralized platforms to resist censorship and government interference. Nostr was developed out of an LNbits proof of concept application for a decentralized peer-to-peer marketplace. It has morphed into a technology that's not only revolutionizing the way developers build applications but also facilitates a censorship-resistant global social network.
In an era of increasing digital censorship, alternative platforms that prioritize freedom of speech are more important than ever. With the backing of influential figures like Jack Dorsey, Nostr could become a dominant platform in the tech world that disintermediates middlemen and tackles censorship. And it shows the potential of Bitcoin to continue to revolutionize industries.
Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/what-nostr-did
This episode’s sponsors: Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably Ledn - Financial services for Bitcoin hodlers Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Wasabi Wallet - Privacy by default Unchained - Secure your bitcoin with confidence
Nigel Farage is a prominent British broadcaster and former politician. In this interview, in the wake of the controversial closure of Nigel’s bank account that led to the resignation of the CEO of Natwest Bank, we discuss the importance of individual sovereignty and the control of money by the state. We also discuss the growing concern over CBDCs and the critical importance of cash.
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In June 2023, Nigel Farage had his Coutts UK bank account unexpectedly closed. He firmly believed that this action was a result of political persecution. This sparked a heated debate, with prominent politicians, such as the UK’s Chancellor of the Exchequer Jeremy Hunt, expressing concerns about the denial of financial services to those who engage in lawful free speech.
The BBC reported in early July that Farage's Coutts account had been shut down because he didn't meet the bank’s minimum investment threshold. However, this version of events was untrue. Farage had obtained a document (through a subject access request to Coutts) revealing that the closure of his accounts was in fact due to his political views not aligning with the bank's values.
The CEO of the NatWest Group, Dame Alison Rose, was the source for the BBC’s initial incorrect story. Natwest, the owner of Coutts, is one of the major UK banks. The British Government bailed out the banking group during the Global Financial Crisis, and they still own 39% of the company. Responding to the mounting pressure, Dame Rose resigned on July 25, 2023.
These unfolding events shed light on the challenges faced by individuals when financial institutions seemingly conflate personal beliefs with the provision of banking services. The situation underscores the importance of upholding freedom of speech and the need for transparency and accountability within the banking sector.
Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/the-debanking-of-nigel-farage
This episode’s sponsors: Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably Ledn - Financial services for Bitcoin hodlers Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Wasabi Wallet - Privacy by default Unchained - Secure your bitcoin with confidence
Samantha De Waal is a 12-year-old lifetime Bitcoiner. In this interview, we discuss her experiences as a Bitcoiner, including her challenges in being taken seriously as a young advocate. We also talk about the importance of considering children's needs and perspectives in the Bitcoin community and more generally in society.
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According to the United Nations, in 2023, there are approximately 2.4 billion people aged 0-18 years worldwide. This represents around 30% of the total global population. As they represent a substantial proportion of humanity, it is imperative to consider their perspectives. And yet, children and young adults find it hard to be heard in any of the debates on the major issues the world currently faces; these issues we are expecting them to handle in the near future.
Too often we all belittle the views of those under 18. Anyone who has forthright opinions is deemed to be parroting a mentor's opinions rather than their own. Whilst it is true that life experience counts for a lot in terms of developing wisdom, those younger than ourselves have significantly important views and ideas born of experiences unique to those older than themselves.
Generation Z, or Zoomers, are digital natives. Being born into a society rooted in the advances of the internet means that they are incredibly more comfortable with the digital revolution than previous generations. Such confidence only improves over time: the current generation, Generation Alpha, will exceed the abilities of Zoomers. And each generation is less encumbered with the traditions of the past and more open to change.
It is from such young people that the solutions to the coming crises will emerge, including the impending economic crisis. It is therefore imperative that they are included in the important conversations that are taking place, and that they are given time to express themselves. For the Bitcoin community, this means giving space for discussion in podcasts, conferences and articles. It also means accounting for their specific needs to help them embrace Bitcoin.
Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/orange-pilling-your-kids
This episode’s sponsors: Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably Ledn - Financial services for Bitcoin hodlers Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Wasabi Wallet - Privacy by default Unchained - Secure your bitcoin with confidence
Doomberg is an anonymous collective producing the world’s most popular financial substack. In this interview, we discuss the state of scientific research in the context of the potential game-changing implications that a room-temperature superconductor may have been developed. We talk about the framework for evaluating such claims, the importance of critical thinking, and a range of other current topics of debate.
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In the digital age, reducing the electrical resistance of conducting materials is one of the major problems scientists are working on; such resistance leads to energy loss in the form of heat, and thereby, the inefficient transmission of electricity and increased costs. The US energy grid loses about 5% of electricity through transmission lines due to such resistance, enough energy to power the whole of Central America 4 times over.
The innovation that overcomes the resistance issue is superconductivity: the phenomenon where certain materials can conduct electric current with zero resistance so there is no energy loss due to resistance and no heat generation. Further, superconductors can carry electric current indefinitely without any degradation of the signal, making them incredibly efficient.
Superconductivity’s impact on technological progress is significant. It enables the development of more efficient electrical systems beyond power transmission: it has revolutionized fields such as medical imaging, particle accelerators and quantum computing. It could also lead to breakthroughs in fields like transportation, where superconducting materials could create highly efficient electric motors or levitation systems for maglev trains.
However, traditional superconductors require extremely low temperatures, often near absolute zero, making their implementation and maintenance expensive and impractical. If superconductivity could be achieved at or close to room temperature, it could herald a new technology revolution. So, when South Korean researchers recently announced the discovery of a new room-temperature superconductor material called LK 99, ‘X’ (i.e. Twitter) went crazy.
However, there is a massive gap between claims of scientific breakthrough and peer-reviewed validation. Unfortunately, in this case, other researchers are struggling to replicate the original work. As such, whilst the excitement around such news is obviously merited, we need all to remain rooted in the methodical scientific method, which is predicated on scepticism. As Carl Sagan stated, “extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence”.
Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/the-breakdown-of-trust-with-doomberg
This episode’s sponsors: Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably Ledn - Financial services for Bitcoin hodlers Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Wasabi Wallet - Privacy by default Unchained - Secure your bitcoin with confidence
In this interview with Parker Lewis, we discuss the book he is currently writing, the Bitcoin scenes in Austin and Nashville, the triggers for a significant shift in Bitcoin adoption, the potential effects of hyperinflation, and how governments may seek to regulate and tax Bitcoin.
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Everyone has their own Bitcoin journey. However, each journey takes a very similar route: cynical awareness, dabbling, investing, rabbit hole, awareness, getting burnt, realisation, all in, obsession. Gradually, then suddenly. The process explains the rationale behind hodling, but also, why adoption takes time. Bitcoin requires effort before the payoff can begin. Proof of work.
Understanding Bitcoin also requires a fundamental change of perspective. Society long ago jettisoned the logic of adhering to a low-time preference; the modern consumerist fiat system is predicated on living for the now. The intellectual and moral hollowness of this approach is manifest in the multitude of major issues confronting our society today.
We need a realignment with a more mature ideology best imagined by the famous Greek proverb ‘Society grows when men plant trees that they know they will never sit under’. This realignment may result more from necessity rather than an awakening: the seeds of hyperinflation have been sown into the economic fabric of most nations, and we’re starting to see the edifice crumble. Those who adopt Bitcoin first will be best placed to weather the coming storms.
There is a flip side risk for those who hold Bitcoin. History is littered with examples of the state confiscating private wealth. This risk is obviously most acute when the state’s coffers have run dry. The fact is that global debt is now at an all-time high; further, deficits keep increasing. Now, with rising interest rates, debt levels are becoming unmanageable. A reckoning is coming. Prepare accordingly.
Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/will-blackrock-be-bitcoins-suddenly-moment
This episode’s sponsors:
Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably Ledn - Financial services for Bitcoin hodlers Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Wasabi Wallet - Privacy by default Unchained - Secure your bitcoin with confidence
Tony Giorgio is the co-founder and CEO of Mutiny Wallet, a self-custodial lightning wallet. In this interview, we discuss the privacy implications of using Lightning Network, challenges faced by Mutiny, the concept of coin swaps, the web-based nature of Mutiny, the Lightning Service Provider (LSP) model, and the potential future developments of Mutiny.
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Just over three weeks ago Mutiny launched what it refers to as the “first self-custodial lightning wallet that runs on the web.” Being web-based means that Mutiny can innovate without the restrictions that can and are placed on wallets distributed via app stores. In this fascinating podcast, Mutiny’s co-founder and CEO Tony Giorgio sets out the background, challenges and future for Mutiny.
Mutiny started as a hackathon project that the founders developed whilst working at Voltage, the Bitcoin-focused infrastructure provider. Voltage supported the founders by allowing them to develop Mutiny whilst also building the lightning service provider for Voltage, which now also powers Mutiny!
Tony discusses the challenges faced with interoperability on lightning nodes, having intuitive payment functionality for non-technical users, and the difficulties of enabling automatic software updates. Tony also explains the concept of coin swaps, how Mutiny utilizes lightning as a contract layer for these transactions, and how this approach eliminates the need for a middleman and allows users to control their funds in new ways.
Tony finally covers the advanced features of Mutiny wallet: integrating cold storage, social tipping, facilitating wallet connections, and other innovative features such as enabling people to manage subscriptions on top of Lightning. Then there are Mutiny’s future plans like integrating e-cash and allowing users to easily transition from a custodial to a non-custodial lightning transaction. It’s an exciting project, to say the least.
Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/the-bitcoin-mutiny
This episode’s sponsors: Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably Ledn - Financial services for Bitcoin hodlers Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Wasabi Wallet - Privacy by default Unchained - Secure your bitcoin with confidence
Macro Alf is the founder of The Macro Compass, an investment strategy firm. In this interview, we discuss different types of bank money, QE, deficits, money printing, and whether a debt spiral is looming.
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What constitutes ‘money printing’ is a hotly contested topic and something we have convered on the show numerous times. The debate among economists of what "money printing" is and its impact on the ‘real economy’ revolves around two key ideas: the definition of money printing and its actual influence on the economy.
While some experts equate money printing with direct central bank action like quantitative easing, others take into account broader credit creation and the impact that has on the broader money supply and the economy.
The delineation between the financial sector and the real economy is the crucial proponent and while some economists view money printing as primarily affecting asset prices and financial markets, with limited direct impact on the production of goods and services. Others stress that adding liquidity to the system is enough to create financial stability and increase confidence in the economy, therefore, affecting consumer and business decisions, and again, the ‘real economy’.
In this episode, we get to the bottom of money creation, how it impacts the economy and the role of central banks in managing an economy.
Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/money-printing-the-debt-spiral
This episode’s sponsors:
Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably Ledn - Financial services for Bitcoin hodlers Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Wasabi Wallet - Privacy by default Unchained - Secure your bitcoin with confidence
American HODL is an OG Bitcoiner who has been promoting the innovation for over 8 years. In this interview, we discuss a whole range of topics from free speech, the idea of a Bitcoin citadel, scaling Bitcoin and the race to hyperbitcoinisation.
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Back in June, American HODL tweeted “If you’re new, you may not know that [Balaji Srinivasan] offered up the concept of voice vs exit back in ‘15. Voice = interior reform. Exit = voting with feet. Since then exit has become the rallying cry for many. Balaji and other proponents have already left. Here’s why I’m staying…”
Is the concept of voting with your feet and leaving the city, state or country that is your home defeatist? Instead, should we be concentrating on staying, and reforming our own communities?
The degree to which a distorted currency distorts reality is certainly underappreciated outside of Bitcoin, and the wide ranging implications of Bitcoin as a global monetary system are yet to be seen, but rather than exiting the system, by staying and cleaning it up we will see what Bitcoin can actually fix.
Show notes: https://www.whatbitcoindid.com/podcast/what-does-bitcoin-fix
This episode’s sponsors:
Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably Ledn - Financial services for Bitcoin hodlers Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Wasabi Wallet - Privacy by default Unchained - Secure your Bitcoin with confidence
Marty Bent is a Venture Partner at Ten31, founder of the Bitcoin-focused media company TFTC.io, and Director of Cathedra Bitcoin. In this interview, we discuss the potential implementation of a global financial system based on CBDCs and the role of the Bank of International Settlements (BIS). We also talk about the potential role of Bitcoin in fighting against state actors.
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CBDCs are the unwanted concomitants of Satoshi’s innovation: the state’s answer to the settlement improvements offered by Bitcoin, without any of the fundamental design features predicated on protecting individuals in the digital age. They represent everything Satoshi was working against: the chance for the state to fully capture and control people’s use of money with all of the inherent dangers to democracy and individual liberty that this brings.
Technological developments akin to CBDCs were always going to manifest, but, it is obviously not a coincidence that work on them accelerated in the shadow of Bitcoin. For over a century, governments, central banks and other centralising institutions have had an unfettered ability to control and manipulate money; money printing and inflation rigged the system in favour of the dealer. Bitcoin offers a chance for a new and fairer system.
Whilst it is easier for those with knowledge to identify the extreme contrast between the two forms of money, it is also clear how and why people believe CBDCs are a good idea. The state has an asymmetric power in pushing narratives; promoting the benefits of having the utility of instant digital transactions that safeguards against paedophiles, terrorists and money launders, will certainly seem like an incontestable advancement. It’s just that we know this isn’t the purpose.
The ring leader in this global effort to retain central authority over money is being led by the Bank of International Settlements. The BIS is behind a number of pilot projects that sound like they were devised by a megalomaniac James Bond villain (Project Rosalind, Project Polaris). Playing the role of Blofeld is Agustín Carstens.
In 2022 Mr Carstens stated “the soul of money belongs neither to a big tech nor to an anonymous ledger. The soul of money is trust… central banks have been and continue to be the institutions best placed to provide trust in the digital age.” Carstens believes that technology can’t make trusted money. He is expecting us to ignore the evidence of history where institutions have repeatedly abused the trust bestowed on them. And he is asking us to ignore Bitcoin.
This episode’s sponsors:
Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably Ledn - Financial services for Bitcoin hodlers Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Wasabi Wallet - Privacy by default Unchained - Secure your bitcoin with confidence
Tuur Demeester is a Bitcoin investor and economist. In this interview, we discuss the significance of Bitcoin as a sound and auditable form of money, the impact of BlackRock embracing Bitcoin, and the importance of understanding the financial system. Tuur shares his insights as an early adopter of Bitcoin and reflects on its progress over the years. We also discuss addiction treatment.
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Given that Bitcoin is now being promoted by the world’s largest asset manager, it is easy to forget how nascent the innovation still is. In the early days of Bitcoin, just over a decade ago, understanding Bitcoin was a challenge. And yet, despite the uncertainties, such as how Bitcoin would scale and the potential attack vectors, the signal was clear - Bitcoin was driven by engineers, not money.
The role of cypherpunks should not be underestimated: it was their diligent work in seeking to protect privacy and human rights in the digital space that provided the solid basis for Bitcoin. Fast forward to today, and we see increased adoption and improved understanding of Bitcoin's vulnerabilities. It's exciting to witness this combination of increased adoption and improved understanding.
In this podcast, Tuur Demeester discusses the resistance and challenges that Bitcoin faces, especially from those who have built wealth and status within traditional financial systems. Further, we discuss Bitcoin’s evolving narrative, particularly in relation to environmental concerns, and how the changing narrative will be assisted by BlackRock’s endorsement of Bitcoin which could force mainstream media outlets to reconsider their negative stance.
Tuur outlines the importance of asking simple questions to understand the financial system, such as where money comes from and what determines the price of money. Through this lens, one is better able to appreciate Bitcoin’s role as an insurance policy. Tuur also discusses the threats to Bitcoin's expansion, highlighting the importance of not losing track of the principles and values that got us here. We also have a fascinating discussion about addiction treatment.
This episode’s sponsors:
Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably Ledn - Financial services for Bitcoin hodlers Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Wasabi Wallet - Privacy by default Unchained - Secure your bitcoin with confidence
Marty Bent is a Venture Partner at Ten31, founder of the Bitcoin-focused media company TFTC.io, and Director of Cathedra Bitcoin, and Grant Gilliam is a co-founder and Managing Partner at Ten31. In this interview, we discuss investing in Bitcoin and Bitcoin-associated ventures, including the specifics of investing in Bitcoin mining.
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VC funds within the crypto space have developed a bad reputation over recent years. However, Ten31 is an investment fund with a major difference: it was formed by Bitcoiners dedicated to supporting Bitcoiners. Whilst obviously being business driven, it is also mission-driven in supporting companies that are building infrastructure and bringing utility to the Bitcoin network.
It is therefore a unique source of investment for entrepreneurs as both sides of the table share the same vision i.e. Bitcoin is a paradigm-shifting technology that will be the basis of future economic value. The Bitcoin focus is an explicit feature of the company: the fund is named after the date of Satoshi’s whitepaper, whilst the logo is a hat tip to the proof of work diagram within it.
Since the fund's inception, Ten31 has directed more than $100 million in equity to companies building on Bitcoin and the Lightning Network. Grant Gilliam and Marty Bent set out their experience of investing in Bitcoin companies: the challenges, the benefit of valuing such companies in Bitcoin, and the importance of having Bitcoin on the balance sheet.
The discussion also focuses on the investment opportunities within the Bitcoin mining industry. Mining has a low barrier to entry, making it an attractive business for many. Further opportunities are developing through the convergence of the energy sector and the bitcoin mining industry, which is happening in real-time. Ten31 believe that those Bitcoin mining companies with the right calibre of people will accrue significant value.
This episode’s sponsors:
Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably Ledn - Financial services for Bitcoin hodlers Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Wasabi Wallet - Privacy by default Unchained - Secure your bitcoin with confidence
Car González is the co-founder of Pleb Lab, a Bitcoin accelerator in Austin. In this interview, we discuss the Bitcoin community in Austin, why he decided to start Pleb Lab, how to grow Bitcoin development and the importance of third spaces for Bitcoiners.
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Building businesses is hard. Many brilliant ideas often don’t make it through the first year - it’s not their concept or even their people that’s the problem, they’re just not robust enough to survive. This is where accelerators come in - providing support when companies often need it most.
They play an important role for startups by providing expertise & resources to early-stage companies. These programs offer an environment where startups receive mentorship, gaining invaluable insights and guidance to navigate the challenges of business development.
Businesses in Bitcoin are no different. The need for Bitcoin-specific spaces is critical, and in 2021, Pleb Lab was founded to address this market. They created a hacker space and accelerator that supports early-stage Bitcoin startups and developers.
This episode’s sponsors:
Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably Ledn - Financial services for Bitcoin hodlers Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Wasabi Wallet - Privacy by default Unchained - Secure your Bitcoin with confidence
Jeff Ross is the Founder & CEO of Vailshire Capital Management. In this interview, we discuss Jeff’s twin expertise in finance and medicine, the impact of AI, and the importance of personal responsibility. We also talk about the state of the global economy, liquidity in the Bitcoin market, the benefits of the state having Bitcoin as a reserve asset, and the changing narrative around Bitcoin.
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One of the powerful libertarian ideas aligned with Bitcoin is personal sovereignty: the rights of the individual including the protection of property rights. Advocates of this belief espouse it has a vital corollary where sovereign individuals also accept personal responsibility, in showing agency to better themselves and being accountable for their actions.
In modern society, there does seem to be an increasing problem of people relinquishing themselves of such responsibility, manifested in poor financial and health choices. Whilst it is true that a significant number of citizens can find themselves facing difficult life choices through no fault of their own, there equally needs to be an acceptance that too many are willing to throw caution to the wind and the states can’t be expected to automatically pick up the pieces.
The problem for society today is that the state could quite quickly become unable to provide the support citizens have until now taken for granted. Governments are struggling to manage their debt obligations with rampant inflation leading to rising interest rates. At the same time, we are in the midst of a global manufacturing crisis.
One strategy Jeff Ross thinks governments could apply is the adoption of Bitcoin as a reserve asset. This could both strengthen economies, whilst also creating an honest unit of account. It is a rare option that provides a potential path to growth, the reduction of debt and protects future generations. But, such a transition is far from certain. Those unprepared therefore face significant risks. If governments can’t be responsible, then it’s the role of the individual to protect themselves.
This episode’s sponsors: Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably Ledn - Financial services for Bitcoin hodlers Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Wasabi Wallet - Privacy by default Unchained - Secure your bitcoin with confidence
Alex Leishman is a Founder, CEO, & CTO of River Financial. In this interview, we discuss the case of Prime Trust, a crypto infrastructure company, that’s been placed into receivership following key management errors that resulted in it losing customer funds. We talk about the challenges of asset custody in the Bitcoin industry and the benefits and complexities of building a regulated business.
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Key management is the Achilles' heel for most Bitcoiners. We all know the importance of having a diligent process for safeguarding seed phrases, and yet, many people have experienced material loss as a result of losing access to keys. Currently, around 4 million Bitcoin, over 20% of the available supply, are estimated to have been lost. The concerning thing is that this isn’t just a result of individuals making errors: there are businesses that are also culpable.
Prime Trust is a crypto services company that provided APIs and plug and play widgets for digital asset companies seeking backend infrastructure. A court in Nevada has just placed it in receivership citing operational instability and insolvency risks. The root issue is that Prime Trust accidentally lost access to wallets containing tens of millions of dollars in assets. Not your keys not your coins for the millionth time.
Custody is hard. But, it’s the same old basic lessons that underpin sound custody solutions. Avoid complexity. Have robust processes. Think about the long term rather than taking expeditious shortcuts. Target self-custody. However, these are lessons that are somewhat alien to the fiat ideology of “move fast and break things”. The community, therefore, needs to educate the new investor class that will be attracted to Bitcoin in the next bull market.
This episode’s sponsors:
Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably Ledn - Financial services for Bitcoin hodlers Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Wasabi Wallet - Privacy by default Unchained - Secure your bitcoin with confidence
Alex Thorn is Head of Firmwide Research at Galaxy. In this interview, we discuss Bitcoin Park and others' efforts to promote Bitcoin, the impact of BlackRock's involvement in Bitcoin, and the legal battle between Coinbase and the SEC. We also talk about the need for education and inclusivity for Bitcoin, the importance of maintaining decentralization, and the impact of Bitcoin on the future.
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BlackRock is the world’s largest asset manager, with AUM in excess of $9 trillion. So, the news that they were throwing their hat into the spot Bitcoin ETF ring has unsurprisingly caused excitement and concern within the Bitcoin community. If BlackRock is successful it will materially widen access to Bitcoin, and significantly increase the buying pressure.
In terms of signal, this is perhaps the most important event in the validation of Bitcoin as an asset. Larry Fink, BlackRock’s CEO, has changed tack and is now endorsing Bitcoin as digital gold. Such comments penetrate more than those of other commentators and provide unparalleled credence to Bitcoin amongst the professional investing class.
The pressure on the SEC will only now increase as they review the latest batch of Bitcoin spot ETF applications. This is at a time when they are involved in a number of critical legal disputes, including their battle against Coinbase. The SEC’s approach - failing to provide formal rulemaking for the crypto markets whilst operating a divide-and-rule approach to individual companies - is "extremely stifling" to say the least.
That said, whilst increased engagement from traditional asset managers is welcomed, it also comes with material risks. There are rightfully severe concerns about their involvement's impact on efforts to promote self-custody and strengthen decentralisation. It is vital that those managing or advising new investments are educated on Bitcoin’s unique characteristics in ways that appeal, and that they are welcomed into the Bitcoin community.
Bitcoin needs to be understood and embraced by mainstream culture in order to achieve widespread adoption. The community, therefore, needs to make Bitcoin accessible to a diverse group of people, regardless of their backgrounds, experiences, geographies, and ideologies. At the same time, Bitcoin’s core values need to be protected. Strong, principled voices like Marty Bent, Stephan Livera, and Matt Odell, need to continue educating and guiding the community.
This episode’s sponsors:
Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably Ledn - Financial services for Bitcoin hodlers Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Wasabi Wallet - Privacy by default Unchained - Secure your bitcoin with confidence
Matthew Pines is the Director of Intelligence at the Krebs Stamos Group and a Fellow at the Bitcoin Policy Institute specializing in national security. In this interview, we discuss the growing sense that the US government may imminently disclose the existence of craft of non-human origin and that it actually possesses intact and partially intact examples of such craft.
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On July 26th, next Wednesday, the Republican-led House Oversight Committee will hold a hearing on unidentified anomalous phenomena (UAPs), a new term government agencies use for UFOs. Many believe that this change in nomenclature and the hearing is part of a process aimed at preparing the public for disclosure that the existence of non-human technology is real and that US government agencies and corporations may have retrieved craft of non-human origin.
Until recently, UAPs/UFOs were considered a fringe topic. Those in political circles and mainstream media organisations would publicly avoid the subject: it was officially ridiculed, and those who engaged in it risked career suicide. Now, it has suddenly become acceptable to seriously discuss the matter. On Monday (17th July), the White House itself stated UAPs are a "real issue" having "an impact" on the United States Air Force.
What changed?
Matthew Pines take us through the mechanisms of government bureaucracy in terms of official secrets: who gets clearances and the ‘need to know’. Matthew then takes us through the recent extraordinary whistleblower claims of a government coverup in relation to UAPs, why some within the government now feel enabled and compelled to come forward with extraordinary claims, and an effort to silence them.
It’s not hyperbolic to state that if such claims are publicly substantiated, it will be the biggest event in human history. It is telling that esteemed people who have close knowledge of this subject matter, including prominent politicians, high-ranking officials and qualified professionals, give credence to the UAP phenomenon. We wait with bated breath to see if these extraordinary claims are backed with extraordinary evidence.
This episode’s sponsors:
Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably Ledn - Financial services for Bitcoin hodlers Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Wasabi Wallet - Privacy by default Unchained - Secure your bitcoin with confidence
Preston Pysh is a co-founder of The Investor Podcast Network, and Matt Odell is host of Citadel Dispatch, co-host of Rabbit Hole Recap, managing partner at Ten31 and co-founder of OpenSats and Bitcoin Park. In this interview, we discuss Bitcoin’s impact on privacy, freedom, and the financial system. We also talk about the impact and risks of BlackRock’s involvement in Bitcoin, the challenges faced by energy companies adopting Bitcoin, and Bitcoin’s potential to massively reorganize wealth.
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This is another What Bitcoin Did live show, this time held in Bitcoin Park in Nashville, with two heavyweights of the Bitcoin community: Preston Pysh and Matt Odell. As ever for a live show, we used the opportunity to cover a range of topics. But, the show focused on two main issues: the perennial concern about whether enough users recognize the critical need for privacy to maintain freedom in the digital age; and a new concern regarding BlackRock’s impact on Bitcoin.
There are significant risks associated with centralized control and surveillance by governments and corporations, but, the iterative eroding of rights means that these systemic risks are often underappreciated. Most people prioritize convenience and are not actively seeking out privacy-oriented tools. To avoid a dystopian future with limited freedom people need to be empowered with both education and user-friendly tools.
Further, the lead in promoting and facilitating privacy lies with individuals outside of established multinational tech platforms; grassroots adoption of freedom tech is key to the success of this mission. The oligarchs who control large tech platforms, whilst promoting principles predicated on freedom of expression, actually prioritize the massive collection of data and control. Having a trustless system means just that: we shouldn’t need to rely on the word of any one person.
The concern about BlackRock’s proposed Bitcoin ETF also covers the concern regarding privacy and centralised control. In essence, will BlackRock’s involvement increase adoption and strengthen Bitcoin, or, will the reliance on a centralised company to hold a large concentration of paper promises weaken Bitcoin? BlackRock’s power will spread interest in Bitcoin, but will also certainly erode the ongoing push for self-custody.
Further, are concerns about BlackRock dominating Bitcoin and forcing a hard fork overstated? Certainly, BlackRock could exert influence on Bitcoin, particularly from a regulatory standpoint. But, Bitcoin is resistant to change, and, there is already a significantly strong and cohesive community of hodlers. A major legacy financial institution trying to exert its influence on Bitcoin could yet be Bitcoin’s biggest and most important battle.
This episode’s sponsors: Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably Ledn - Financial services for Bitcoin hodlers Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Wasabi Wallet - Privacy by default Unchained - Secure your bitcoin with confidence
Matt Odell is host of Citadel Dispatch, co-host of Rabbit Hole Recap, managing partner at Ten31 and co-founder of OpenSats and Bitcoin Park. In this interview, we discuss Bitcoin conferences and podcasts, the importance of decentralized tech, the implications of identity verification on social media, Nostr’s potential as a censorship-resistant social network, and the involvement of BlackRock in Bitcoin.
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Matt Odell is the Bitcoiners Bitcoiner: mission-driven, innovative, generous and yet unyielding in his expectations of the community. Given he’s a fellow podcaster and conference veteran, it was an invaluable opportunity to talk shop, but his wide-ranging expertise means we could again cover a plethora of current hot topics.
Matt discussed his views on the surge in global Bitcoin conferences and the changing landscape of Bitcoin podcasts. The boom in events, catering to various niches within the Bitcoin community, is a testament to the growth and diversity of this space. Podcasts too need to stand out from the crowd, whilst taking on mainstream content providers in terms of interviewing adroitness and production quality.
We discussed the pros and cons of having a blue checkmark on Twitter: whilst it can help users identify and connect with influential people, there are material concerns about the current identity verification system. The corollary to concerns about traditional social media companies is the potential to disintermediate these closed centralised systems with innovations like Nostr. Together with Bitcoin, Nostr could be a powerful tool for freedom movements.
Matt covered the critical importance of educating people on the risks and benefits of decentralization. Individuals with platforms and audiences should explain these risks to lessen the impact and pain that people may experience in a dark dystopian future where censorship and control are prevalent.
Finally, Matt provided his take on BlackRock's involvement in Bitcoin. Blackrock is the institution that Bitcoin was designed to resist. However, their involvement is a paradigm shift for Bitcoin’s narrative. Nevertheless, there are risks tied to the proposed Blackrock Bitcoin ETF. It's essential to learn how to hold self-custody of your Bitcoin instead of buying a paper claim. And further, it’s important Blackrock understand they can’t control Bitcoin.
This episode’s sponsors:
Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably Ledn - Financial services for Bitcoin hodlers Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Wasabi Wallet - Privacy by default Unchained - Secure your bitcoin with confidence
Dennis Porter is the CEO & co-founder of the Satoshi Action Fund. In this interview, we discuss the intersection of Bitcoin and politics, and how the Satoshi Action Fund is orange-pilling states. Dennis outlines the success the fund is having in changing policy towards Bitcoin mining across multiple jurisdictions by focusing on its clear and direct economic and energy benefits.
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Over the past few months, a number of states have been passing laws protecting the right to mine Bitcoin mining. As the success of the US experiment is predicated on the protection of reserved powers within the states, the passing of such laws has the power to determine the trajectory of Bitcoin mining within the US. A number of advocacy bodies are behind this movement. Front and centre is the Satoshi Action Fund.
Dennis Porter, CEO and co-founder of the Fund describes his experience of orange pilling states. He discusses the importance of education. Bitcoin obviously takes time to learn and understand. This means advocates need to dedicate time and identify the right people to focus on. He sets out the strategy of finding and focusing on attractors who are open to learning and ignoring detractors who have already solidified an opinion.
Dennis also sets out what Bitcoiners should expect in return from politicians. Bitcoiners are now a powerful voting block, so we need to demand more than mere lip service from politicians who claim to support Bitcoin. We should strive for a transition from empty promises to the introduction and passing of policies that truly benefit Bitcoin and its community.
Dennis encourages all of us to participate in the political system: active participation is the best way of creating a better environment for Bitcoin. His inspiration is drawn from the founding fathers of the United States, who fought for independence through their political engagement. By getting involved, we can shape policy decisions that facilitate the growth and acceptance of Bitcoin.
This episode’s sponsors:
Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably Ledn - Financial services for Bitcoin hodlers Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Wasabi Wallet - Privacy by default Unchained - Secure your bitcoin with confidence
Junseth is an OG Bitcoiner and the former co-host of Bitcoin Uncensored. In this wide ranging interview, we discuss Bitcoin volatility and it’s repetitive cycles, the ossification of the Bitcoin protocol and the current state of development, Bitcoin anonymity and privacy, the profitability of mining, and Bitcoin’s future as an alternative to traditional money in a world of global collapse.
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Bitcoin’s development over the past 14 years has been both phenomenal and revelatory. Apart from Hal Finney, nobody saw its significant influence on the energy sector. Furthermore, nobody foresaw the impact of ordinals. That’s why, as we contemplate the potential for Bitcoin to enter a new and significant bull market cycle, questions as to what Bitcoin is and will become are as fascinating as at any time since its launch in January 2009.
The debates over the protocol's conservative development are as impassioned as ever. Questions over the persistence of Bitcoin’s price cycles continue to produce significant amounts of content. The complex challenges of maintaining privacy, and the associated misconceptions of average users, endure. The resilient strength of the mining industry never ceases to amaze.
However, the bigger picture is still focused on the singular issue of the basic right to transact. The traditional notion of currency control places the state as the arbiter of money. Yet, the past decade has witnessed central banks exerting ever greater control of financial systems and the weaponisation of money by the state. Bitcoin was designed as a vital alternative as trust in traditional processes erodes.
Given its power to disintermediate powerful centralised institutions, the primary concern of Bitcoiners is whether governments will seek to control, limit or ban it. Bitcoiners believe that the state's regulation of money should be limited, allowing individuals to freely hold and transact any form of currency. Further, these rights should be codified into a Second Amendment right to hold Bitcoin. We’re back to the cypherpunk philosophy: freedom to transact is freedom of speech.
This episode’s sponsors:
Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably Ledn - Financial services for Bitcoin hodlers Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Wasabi Wallet - Privacy by default Unchained - Secure your bitcoin with confidence
Linda Parker is CEO and Maddison Clyne is an Associate Director for Women in Distress. In this interview, we discuss their work aiding survivors of domestic violence and their interest in Bitcoin as a means of financial empowerment. They talk about the rise in domestic violence during the pandemic, the challenges faced by survivors, and the importance of education.
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According to a CDC survey, around 41% of women and 26% of men in the U.S. have experienced sexual violence, physical violence, and/or stalking by an intimate partner. It affects millions or people every year. It is a significant public health issue that has devastating physical, emotional, and psychological effects on individuals and families. U.S. crime reports suggest that about 1 in 5 homicide victims are killed by an intimate partner.
Having access to resources and support can can be life-changing for victims. However, there is a critical lack of provision. One organisation providing this much-needed support is Women In Distress of Broward County: it is a nonprofit organization dedicated to providing support and services to individuals experiencing domestic violence in Broward County, Florida. Their mission is to empower and advocate for victims while promoting a violence-free community.
Women In Distress seeks to mitigate the cycle of abuse, power and control dynamics within relationships, societal stigma and shame surrounding domestic violence, and the huge barriers survivors can face when trying to leave an abusive relationship. By offering an array of services, education, and community collaboration, Women In Distress strives to create a society where domestic violence is not tolerated and survivors can rebuild their lives.
The organization offers a range of comprehensive services to survivors of domestic violence, which include a 24-hour crisis hotline, counselling and therapy, support groups, legal advocacy, and assistance with obtaining restraining orders. Women In Distress also provides specialized programs for children who have witnessed or experienced domestic violence, as well as outreach and education initiatives to raise awareness. If you are able to donate please do so.
This episode’s sponsors:
Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably Ledn - Financial services for Bitcoin hodlers Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Wasabi Wallet - Privacy by default Unchained - Secure your bitcoin with confidence
Robert Breedlove is a philosopher and podcaster within the Bitcoin space. In this wide-ranging interview, we discuss the consequences of the middle class getting destroyed, the hubris of central planning, games of mimetic desire, how Bitcoin is a high-trust environment, Bitcoin’s enemies, fasting and living life beyond the ego.
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Robert Breedlove has cemented a role as one of the fiercest freedom maximalists within the Bitcoin space. He is a powerful advocate for decentralization, Bitcoin, and the principles of sound money. And, he is also a fellow podcaster, hosting the "What is Money?" podcast, which explores economics, technology, and financial philosophy from a sound money perspective.
The interview delves into the impact of economic factors on culture and politics, and whether growing divisiveness in the US and other countries is a result of the destruction of the middle class and the erosion of property rights. We discuss the consequences of poor incentives, the misallocation of capital, taxation and government.
We opine on the advantages and disadvantages of currency and the effects of money printing. The discussion considers the need for a hard reset or a wake-up call to address the flaws of our current economic paradigms, predicated on a “colossal hubris” of thinking the world is a compliant machine enabling the global economic systems to be planned in advance.
Robert also explains the concept of mimetic desire and its impact on our work and personal lives. We explore the importance of staying true to oneself, and finding inspiration while avoiding becoming too similar to others. We finish on the benefits of fasting and living life beyond the ego. As I stated, this is a comprehensive show!
This episode’s sponsors:
Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably Ledn - Financial services for Bitcoin hodlers Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Wasabi Wallet - Privacy by default Unchained - Secure your bitcoin with confidence
Balaji Srinivasan is an angel investor, tech founder, and author of ‘The Network State’. In this interview, we discuss the idea of starting new countries ("network states”), based on social networks built around a shared ideal that can monetize effectively. We also talk about how and why the media ignores major global news stories, and how to prepare for the coming collapse.
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In the past 14 years, we have seen a powerful global community built around a shared ideal. Bitcoin is obviously much more than a technical innovation: it is a vision of building a new economic paradigm from the bottom up, which shifts the centre of power from the state to the individual. Being open-sourced, leaderless and decentralised, it has proven that there are new ways for people to connect, contribute and collaborate to build new systems.
Balaji Srinivasan’s latest book takes this revolution one step further, and explores the idea of starting new countries, or what he calls "network states." These network states can be formed by a group of people connected through a social network, with their own income, real estate, and even their own ideological platforms. It's like a political party, but working outside of the limits of national boundaries.
The measure of success for these network states lies in their ability to materialise their online presence into the physical world: “You do meetups and eventually you go from crowdfunding brunches to crowdfunding buildings.” It challenges the traditional notion of what a country is and opens up possibilities for new forms of governance and community-building.
As legacy nations resort to ever more authoritarian methods to protect the fiat system, the importance of allocation, location and organisation to individuals will become more apparent. But, this is more than a theory. Balaji is allocating a material amount of capital to funding startup ‘Network State’ communities. The aim is to create frontier societies, providing alternatives to failed states and attracting ambitious individuals seeking a new kind of society.
This episode’s sponsors:
Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably Ledn - Financial services for Bitcoin hodlers Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Wasabi Wallet - Privacy by default Unchained - Secure your bitcoin with confidence
Aaron Daniel is an Appellate attorney and author of The Bitcoin Brief, a newsletter analysing Bitcoin’s effect on law and society. In this interview, we discuss how justice in arbitration can be applied in a Hyperbitcoinised World. We talk about systemic issues with current legal systems, and how using Bitcoin tools like Fedimint can enable arbitration to become decentralised.
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Despite the limitations of our legal systems, at least there are established bodies recognised as intermediaries for dispute resolution, and methods for enforcing judgements on debtors. Aaron Daniels, an attorney and Bitcoiner, has been examining what happens in a hyperbitcoinised world that has circumvented centralised authorities undertaking enforcement action.
Aaron has given serious consideration to the concept of anchoring dispute resolution systems into Bitcoin. He is looking at the tools being developed, such as Fedimint, and other systems using escrow agents, arbitration panels and oracles. The emerging ideas promise a new set of arbitration services that are transparent, efficient, affordable, inclusive and localised.
This then turns the tables back on the current legal system and focuses on its limitations. It is a system that has become increasingly costly that reinforces societal inequalities. Lack of access to justice based on cost is one of society's more pernicious issues. It results in an asymmetric balance of power in favour of those who have resources against those that don’t. Further, it is a system based on archaic centralised rules that don’t work for many communities.
So, we could be on the cusp of a new and evolving set of arbitration services, linked to Bitcoin, that provide individuals with a fair and transparent environment for dispute resolution. And, it is a sign of a mature system that people are putting serious time into working on these issues.
This episode’s sponsors:
Iris Energy - Bitcoin Mining. Done Sustainably Ledn - Financial services for Bitcoin hodlers Bitcasino - The Future of Gaming is here Ledger - State of the art Bitcoin hardware wallet Wasabi Wallet - Privacy by default Unchained - Secure your bitcoin with confidence Incogni - Personal Information Removal Service
Conor Okus is Product Manager at Spiral. In this interview, we discuss his journey from being a footballer to becoming a Bitcoiner, Real Bedford and the alignment of Bitcoin with a grassroots football club, his current role at Spiral managing the grant programme for developers, and his view on the benefits of open source development of Bitcoin.
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Bitcoin has been making waves in various industries, and sports is no exception. Conor Okus is a footballer [a.k.a. Soccer player!] who found Bitcoin. Peter is a Bitcoiner who came back to football. They met in the middle when Conor provided Pete with advice and support in establishing Real Bedford.
Real Bedford is using Bitcoin in various ways, such as a treasury reserve asset and for educational efforts. They plan to incorporate it into football games by tipping players with QR codes. The grassroots movement of Bitcoin aligns with Real Bedford's grassroots approach to football, making it a perfect fit.
Conor and Pete discuss a new wave of football and sports teams based on ideas that resonate with dispersed communities, and the challenges of setting up a new football club. They also talk about the downside of vested interests looking to exploit sport and fan bases for selfish means.
Now Conor lives and works in the US as part of the Spiral team, managing an invaluable grant programme for developers. Conor then shares his experience and expertise in supporting open-source Bitcoin development, scaling Bitcoin transactions through lightning, the importance of the user experience in Bitcoin, and fostering an innovative open-source design community.
Margot Paez is a Bitcoin Mining consultant & Troy Cross is a Professor of Philosophy, and both are Fellows at BPI. In this interview, we discuss the fracturing of political movements (particularly the progressives), why the left is in favour of CBDCs, how Bitcoin is a political tool, the Bitcoin Policy Summit, Bitcoin’s image problem, and the issues and strengths of higher education.
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On this episode, we welcome back two eminent friends of the show: Margot Paez and Troy Cross. At the start of 2022, What Bitcoin Did actively searched for progressive voices within the community. It was soon apparent that there was a huge untapped well of thoughtful and brilliant people who had identified the powerful impact Bitcoin could have in supporting progressive causes.
However, it is apparent that there is now a shift happening within the left: a fracturing of beliefs and approaches. Some progressives within Bitcoin are starting to align themselves with a more holistic ideology predicated on financial fairness, which is open to debate and collaboration with those on the other side of the aisle.
At the root of this conversion is the belief that the promotion and use of Bitcoin itself is a political act. As Margot states: “it’s an act of defiance”, but an act of defiance with teeth. Finally, activists have a tool that can take on the established centres of power. But, if we are to accelerate adoption and battle those who work against Bitcoin, education and advocacy still require a solid evidence base.
Unfortunately, the FUD directed at Bitcoin has left an ingrained stain in the minds of many progressives. Margot, one of the main people within our community looking to bring academic rigour to support the claims being made about Bitcoin’s societal benefits, has suffered directly as a result of this. She has effectively been kicked out of university because of her desire to study Bitcoin, by people with a progressive ideology.
We must all do what we can to support people like Margot and Troy. They are the ones providing the Bitcoin movement with the analytical heft needed to protect it from institutional attacks. They do it quietly and diligently, pushing against stiff headwinds. We owe them a massive debt of gratitude.
Erik Hersman is the co-founder of Gridless, & Marshall Long is the Head of Architecture for Rhodium Enterprises. In this interview, we discuss Bitcoin in Africa: the need, the use and the support the wider community can give. We also talk about energy poverty in Africa, Bitcoin’s role in supporting mini-grids, and how Gridless’s business model & Marshall’s financing plan accelerate this process.
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There are around 800 million people in the world without access to electricity. Around 75`% of those live in Sub-Saharan Africa. Given populations are distributed over vast areas in Africa, and governments have limited access to capital, grid connections can be economically unviable. But mini-grids are also challenging because of the difficulty of getting a return on the high initial investment costs: demand in these poor communities takes time to build.
To date, the only option has been well-meaning but unsustainable charitable ventures that can have unintended negative second-order effects. But then Bitcoin mining showed how curtailed energy can be monetised, and a problem has suddenly become an opportunity. It is estimated Africa could produce 2.5 million terawatt hours of wind and solar energy per year (the US uses around 4,000 terawatt hours of energy per year). The business opportunity is huge.
In the fascinating interview, Eric Hesman of Gridless discusses how his company is partnering with communities in need of energy to provide subsidised power. Marshall Long sets out how his family office is helping with much-needed finance for energy projects in Africa that utilise Bitcoin mining. Together they set out the transformational impact such initiatives could have for the continent.
Alex Gladstein is Chief Strategy Officer at the Human Rights Foundation & Natalie Smolenski is an Executive Director of the Texas Bitcoin Foundation. In this interview, we discuss Alex’s new book: ‘Hidden Repression: How the IMF and World Bank Sell Exploitation as Development’. We talk about debt traps, western support for dictators, US and UK culpability, and what freedom means.
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The IMF and World Bank were originally created to stabilize exchange rates and fund infrastructure in war-torn countries. Alex Gladstein’s work found that there was a pivot in this mission in the late 1960s. The new mission was to target and exploit poor countries for the benefit of the West, neocolonialism replacing colonialism, debt replacing the sword.
These institutions have been incredibly harmful to poor countries, but also incredibly beneficial for the West through interest payments, extraction of resources and labour, and control of markets. This has been done with only a limited need for military intervention and subjugation through physical means. The wheels of this process have been oiled by the co-option of dictactors in on the steal.
Bitcoin is a way out and may bring some justice. However, there must also be a reckoning with the damage done to poor countries by these exploitative policies. The IMF and World Bank have repeatedly prevented free markets from working normally in such countries forcing them deeper into debt. And when the country has inevitably defaulted, damaging structural adjustments have been imposed limiting government expenditure and hurting the most vulnerable.
As Alex Gladstein asserts, changing the monetary paradigm, with the growth of Bitcoin, could break the current system and give hope for a more sustainable future. But in that process, we have to be clear about what we need to repair. As Natalie Smolenski states, without a programme of debt cancellation then we could enter a period of significant geopolitical stress.
Allen Farrington is a professional investor and the co-author of Bitcoin Is Venice. In this interview, we discuss the problems with fiat, or as Allen characterizes it “fiat fuckery”. We talk about how money printing leads to inflation and a misallocation of capital, the complexity of the fiat system hiding the resultant theft of capital, the slow demise of pension funds, and the confusion around what growth is and isn’t.
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Fiat currency experiments started centuries ago often resulting in catastrophic failure; since fiat has been ubiquitously assimilated into national economies. Whilst Bitcoiners are well versed in the inherent weaknesses of fiat currencies, there is a general ignorance of the long-lasting consequences for economies and citizens of maintaining an unbending faith in fiat money. Reducing this ignorance is perhaps the best way to grow Bitcoin’s adoption.
The obvious problem with fiat currency is the tendency for governments to print money to tackle economic exigencies. The impact of this money printing is often inflation, in which prices rise faster than wages and the purchasing power of money is reduced. Eventually, the currency can be debased, causing individuals to lose money without even realising it.
There is cruelty at the heart of this process: the complex nature of the fiat economic system means individuals can easily lose money without even knowing it. Many investors make decisions that are far too complicated for them to understand, and so it is easy to get caught up in financial schemes that value money to the detriment of the individual.
But, it is the second-order effect of this inflationary impact that is most pernicious. Businesses and investors are seeking to add value, and the inflation rate is the baseline for any return. When inflation increases, this puts pressure on those seeking investments to match or exceed it. The result is investments made in increasingly more speculative projects. This is the misallocation of capital, which starves more productive uses of capital.
The obvious topic of conversation following this is how Bitcoin mitigates these problems. This is a question to be debated with Allen Farrington for a future episode. However, understanding what Allen calls “fiat fuckery” is a sound basis for building the why of Bitcoin.
The Rational Root is a Bitcoin on-chain & cycle analyst. In this interview, 9 months on from our last interview, we look into the various Bitcoin price models Root has developed. We again review his Bitcoin Spiral Models, Bitcoin Hodl price models and Bitcoin halving & cycle charts. We discuss the growing evidence of Bitcoin scarcity, and bullish cases as we approach the next halving.
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In his first interview on What Bitcoin Did last August, the Rational Root made prescient predictions about Bitcoin bear market lows that occurred a few months later. The caveat is that he also stated “You always have to be a bit sceptical about models that predict the future, they can be wrong.” Nevertheless, the models Rational Root has developed have some conspicuous patterns that are worth consideration.
The Bitcoin Spiral chart Rational Root uses is incredibly powerful. It clearly shows a correlation between Bitcoin's price and the halving events. Extrapolating this pattern forward suggests we could be on the cusp of a new bullish price triggered by next year's halving. This phase is predicted to see a material price appreciation between $100,000 and $1 million in the next cycle.
We also debate whether Bitcoin is now correlated with other more significant asset markets, in particular the S&P 500. In essence, is there a correlation between Bitcoin’s price and risk appetite in the investment market? If such a link has been established, and a rescission occurs, this could lead to a deviation from the Bitcoin halving cycle patterns.
But perhaps the most bullish analysis Rational Root has undertaken involves the assessment of demand and supply indicators, such as his "Hodl Model", which predicts the growth rate of illiquid supply in Bitcoin. It’s simple economics that price is affected by the relationship between demand and supply, and, as Rational Root states “Bitcoin is becoming more scarce, and this data is not being paid attention to by many people."
Matt Corallo is a Bitcoin Core developer and open-source engineer at Block/Spiral. In this interview, we discuss the nexus of ordinals, mining rewards & decentralisation risks. We also talk about the impact of a permanent high fee environment on digital transactions, the challenges faced by Bitcoin wallet developers, and the new wave of talent working on Bitcoin Core.
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Bitcoin has come a long way since its inception, but it continues to evolve. The past few months have seen significant discussion regarding the recent development of ordinals, mining rewards, and the challenges of maintaining mining decentralization. In essence, there is a continual battle to ensure Bitcoin’s infrastructure is fit for purpose in enabling an uncensorable, trustless settlement of transactions.
These challenges are an inevitable part of the development of innovation. Each issue requires a solution, which in turn, leads to new issues. For example, the impact of a high fee environment has been to highlight limitations and risks with the Lightning Network. Then there are the UX issues associated with wallets and issues in relation to compatibility across different protocols.
Whilst each of these technical issues requires discussion and understanding, the wider perspective is that there is a perpetual need to improve Bitcoin's infrastructure and continue to maintain its security and decentralisation. Therefore, we need the right environment for developers to learn, collaborate and deliver. And, the wider community needs to be supportive and nurture this talent, protecting them from toxic attacks and iniquitous litigation.
There are certainly a number of big organizations out there who understand this and are modestly and diligently working to support people like Matt and others, to allow them in turn to support Bitcoin and the needs of the whole community. And it is certainly encouraging to hear that there is a new wave of developing talent being brought into the Bitcoin Core “team”.
Whilst this interview reinforces the fact that we can never take the huge efforts being applied for granted, it is still amazing to see the strides being made in the world’s most successful open-source project. That we can collaborate voluntarily across the internet to change the world of money, in the face of massive challenges, should leave us all in awe.
Peter St Onge is an Economist at the Heritage Foundation and a Fellow at the Mises Institute. In this interview, we discuss the differences between Keynesian and Austrian economics, the role of marketing in shaping public opinion, and the potential of Bitcoin to displace central banks and cut off one of the main channels that governments use to seize people's resources.
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Keynesian economics developed in the wake of the Great Depression of the 1930s. Its aim was to stabilise the volatility caused by market forces through the application of government and central bank resources. Its critics state it has opened up a range of tools that governments have exploited for short-term gain, whilst building up ever greater problems for future generations.
Keynes was mocked by major contemporary figures. Winston Churchill, who didn’t believe that state borrowing and expenditure could provide permanent additional employment, famously once said “If you put two economists in a room, you get two opinions, unless one of them is Lord Keynes, in which case you get three opinions.”
And yet, governments, on both sides of the political debate, seem to be currently addicted to greater monetary and fiscal interventions in the economy than at any time since the 1930s. Such actions started in 2008, but have continued apace since. They are a major factor in why global debt now stands at an eye-watering $305 trillion.
Hayek, the famous Austrian economist, foresaw the coming crisis, concluding that monetary policy only does harm to an economy. In 1976 he called for the denationalisation of money. In a famous 1984 interview, he stated “I don't believe that we should ever have a good money again before we take the thing out of the hands of government… all we can do is by some sly or roundabout way introduce something they can't stop.” Hayek essentially foresaw Bitcoin.
Unsurprisingly, Bitcoin’s trajectory, as an incorruptible digital hard money, started as the deflated global economy was patched up with Keynesian policies in 2009. Over 14 years later, as these policies become ever more unsustainable, it seems like we’re on the cusp of a swing of mainstream opinion away from Keynesian policies, to policies predicated on Austrian economic principles. And Bitcoin could be the centre of this new paradigm.
Jeff Snider is Head of Global Research at Atlas Financial Advisors and Lyn Alden is a macroeconomist and investment strategist. In this interview, they debate whether QE is money printing, if the Treasury market broke in early 2020, dollar shortages, whether there’s an ideal form of money, the importance of Bitcoin, and the problems with central and commercial banks.
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Lyn Alden and Jeff Snyder are two of the popular economic experts in the Bitcoin space at the moment. They bring much-needed clarity to discussions on economic and financial systems that are lacking in mainstream media. They do, however, disagree on some fundamental issues. This show is a fascinating discourse between two heavyweights who are at the top of their game.
The discussion starts with a debate on the mechanics and implications of quantitative easing (QE), and the role of central banks and commercial banks in money circulation. Lyn and Jeff explore whether QE constitutes money printing, the impact of fiscal deficits on inflation, and the liquidity problems in the treasury market.
The discussion then focuses on the emergence and acceptance of different currencies in the global market (including Bitcoin), the role of central banks, the importance of a currency's availability and infrastructure in its acceptance, and the challenges of achieving a self-contained monetary system without central banks or authorities.
Lyn and Jeff cover the relationship between debt and economic growth, the concept of a "bail-in," and the need for a sensical monetary structure with the right rules and parameters. They also consider whether there is an ideal money, or, whether the monetary system needs to be dynamic such that it can evolve and adapt to a changing world where new demands arise.
Troy Cross is a Professor of Philosopher and Fellow at BPI, and Harry Sudock is Chief Strategy Officer at Griid. This interview was a live recording made at the Bitcoin 2023 Conference in Miami, where we discussed Bitcoin mining: the industry’s rapid evolution, how it’s optimising other markets, and why its relentless search for cheap energy will facilitate human flourishing.
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Bitcoin mining has been the subject of much controversy and debate in mainstream media. The infamous New York Times (NYT) article in April still casts a shadow over the industry: the piece characterised Bitcoin mining as an exploitative parasite feeding off cheap energy at the expense of local users and the environment. And yet, Bitcoin mining is the exact opposite.
As Troy Cross states in this live interview, when people get to hear the truth about Bitcoin mining's impact on energy systems it “blows their minds!” Harry Sudock adds more colour by explaining how Bitcoin mining is a black hole that sucks in economic utility and spits it out in its most efficient form, making it a revolutionary tool for human flourishing.
Both speakers criticize the media for pushing a biased agenda and cherry-picking data to fit a preconceived narrative. They argue that the truth about Bitcoin mining's impact on energy systems is more complex than the media portrays, but, this doesn’t provide the clickbait media outlets are after. The irony is that the NYT’s mission is “to seek the truth and help people understand the world.”
However, we are optimistic that the tide will soon turn. With this show, both Harry and Troy have been on What Bitcoin Did now a combined 13 times (lucky for us!), and they continue to blow our minds with their tales of the possible worlds opened up by the race for cheap and abundant energy. The other side just doesn’t have the calibre of persuasive, authentic and enthusiastic voices we have.
Jason Maier is a teacher and the author of ‘A Progressive’s Case for Bitcoin’. In this interview, we discuss the importance of teaching money and Bitcoin in schools, the future of education in the shadow of AI, and the challenges of having a public persona. We also talk about the feedback Jason has received since publishing his book and Bitcoin’s potential to bring people together.
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It is a common feature of any orange pilling exercise that most people are blissfully ignorant of the inherent weakness and structurally unjust nature of the monetary system. And yet, school curriculums are shockingly devoid of requiring schools to provide even rudimentary information on how economies, money and individuals interact. We are a financially illiterate generation.
Then there is the impact of technological changes on students. AI is rapidly changing the world in ways forecasters are struggling to predict. It is obvious that most schools aren’t equipping students to enter a world of constant technological revolution. A world in which Bitcoin may play a significant role.
Therefore, as the world continues to evolve, the need for education that prepares students for the future is becoming increasingly essential. Students are generally receptive to new ideas and have the agility in being able to develop the skills required to exploit new opportunities opened up by technology. The issue is with the conservative nature of the education system, which in turn is heavily influenced by biases and misconceptions.
In this podcast, Jason Maeir shares his experiences in educating students about Bitcoin, and the influence of the emerging properties of AI upon education. There is a fundamental need to change educational principles away from rote learning (i.e. knowing stuff) to developing more holistic skills such as critical thinking, problem-solving and creativity. These have been traditionally seen as ‘soft skills’, but they are in fact the bridge between technology and humans.
The goal is to improve productivity and intelligence in a society that is more equal and fair. And it all starts with improving our education.
Nic Carter is a Partner at Castle Island Ventures and co-founder and Chairman of Coin Metrics. In this interview, we discuss Real Bedford, ordinals, the Bitcoin fee market, Bitcoin culture wars, layer 2 innovations, Chokepoint 2.0 and the 2022 banking crisis, and how people can stand up for Bitcoin against the current US administration.
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In categorising a covert attempt by the executive branch to restrict access to Bitcoin and crypto as a modern iteration of Operation Chokepoint, Nic Carter has brought much-needed attention to an otherwise nebulous sense of unease. Nic has clarified the meaning behind a series of different events, tying together inconsistent messages and suspicious decisions. His explicit analysis has even garnered the attention of a presidential candidate, Robert F Kennedy Jnr.
At face value, Chokepoint 2.0 is about the government's hostility towards the crypto industry in the wake of FTX. That Bitcoin will be ensnared in this dragnet is of obvious concern. An innovation that could revolutionise and democratise money and energy could be restricted within the world's leading economy. However, there is a bigger issue here: the circumvention of democratic norms. These restrictions are occurring without debate or scrutiny.
Then, to add import on top of import, there is the underlying rationale for these restrictions. In a week when the debt ceiling is again the subject of political horse-trading to allow sovereign debt to continue to grow to evermore eye-watering levels, these restrictions are an implicit imposition of soft capital controls on the American people. So, we have unprecedented restrictions on people’s freedoms to protect stores of value being done behind closed doors.
Put bluntly, the US government's attempts to restrict the growth of the crypto industry by leaning on private banks are unconstitutional and violate due process. The social contract is being broken. Nic has suggested that injured parties should join efforts to sue the government to enable legal oversight of these decisions. In his opinion, this is a lawsuit that can be won.
John D'Agostino is the Institutional Lead for Advisory and Strategic Partnerships at Coinbase. In this interview, we discuss his background working for the New York Mercantile Exchange, seeking out enjoyment, and the flip side of getting kidnapped. We also talk about the maturity of the Bitcoin market, covering both the regulatory threats and institutional appetite.
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John D'Agostino is certainly a unique character. He was the subject of a best-selling book back in 2007 after he set out to open up the first oil exchange in the Middle East, which acted as a catalyst for capital markets in the region. However, his life has produced enough for more than a single book: he is the first person I have spoken to who has been kidnapped.
As someone who seeks out new exciting opportunities, it’s not a surprise that John landed a prominent position within the digital assets industry. As a senior advisor to Coinbase, he’s well-positioned to reflect on the state of the industry as it navigates a period of uncertainty. Post FTX, what is the direction of government regulation in the US and abroad? Furthermore, what are institutional investors waiting to do?
John sets out what he sees as a huge gap between the US and the rest of the world in terms of digital asset regulation. And yet, not least because of the popular support for digital assets among the electorate, he views this as being a temporary situation which provides international players with a headstart over the US.
John is strongly optimistic about the future of Bitcoin and other digital assets, particularly because of the potential to unlock value through programmable and immutable instruments. He’s also seeing the backed-up demand from institutional investors, just waiting for regulatory clarity. He’s been part of shaping change in the financial world once already. Who’d bet against him doing it again?
James Seyffart is an analyst for Bloomberg Intelligence covering ETFs. In this interview, we discuss the how and why of ETFs, Grayscale’s legal battle with the SEC over the approval of a Bitcoin ETF, and the complexities of Grayscale implementing a redemption program for GBTC. We also talk about the role of the SEC in regulating Bitcoin and Gary Gensler’s political ambitions.
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In two months' time, it will be the 10-year anniversary of the Winklevoss Twins making the first submission to the SEC for a Bitcoin spot ETF. When the SEC rejected this in 2017, it seemed as though it was a temporary blip, and that a US Bitcoin spot ETF would inevitably be approved. And yet, the SEC has rejected a raft of subsequent applications, and many more sit in Gary Gensler’s inbox awaiting a decision.
Grayscale has decided to test the SEC's stance in court. Whilst there are various opinions as to the underlying motivation for Grayscale taking on this case, there is no doubt that this is the best test of the SEC's current intransigence in relation to a Bitcoin spot ETF.
Bloomberg Intelligence’s James Seyffart, an ETF expert, provides his informed opinion on the current status of Grayscale’s case, the likelihood of the SEC losing the case, and whether this will affect the SEC's position of a Bitcoin spot ETF. He also sets out why the SEC is so reluctant to approve what many in the community believe would open up Bitcoin to a new massive wave of adoption.
Arthur Hayes is an entrepreneur and the former CEO of BitMEX. In my first interview with Arthur, we discuss the state of the world at the moment: what happened with FTX, money printing, the coming collapse, debt jubilees, the need to acquire assets outside the system like Bitcoin, good and bad AI scenarios, and a powder keg of issues that’ll hit the markets this fall.
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Arthur Hayes was the co-founder and former CEO of BitMEX, which was one of the largest crypto exchanges and derivatives platforms. In 2021, its average daily trading volume was over $2 billion. Hayes was famously charged in the southern district of New York for violating the Bank Secrecy Act. He got 2 years probation and a $10 million fine.
But Hayes remains an authoritative voice within the crypto and Bitcoin communities. Nic Carter called him “One of the good guys of crypto.” He now has a mission to help spread financial literacy and educate investors, which he does through regular medium posts, columns in leading journals and interviews with podcasters. And, he has a knack for calling the market.
In this short interview, we pack in a surprising number of issues: Hayes's investment strategy, and views on crypto and Bitcoin; opinions on the FTX scandal; fragility in the banking sector; historical currency debasements and the inevitability of a coming collapse; the use of debt jubilees to right society; investing in assets that can weather the coming storm; the impacts of AI; and the debt ceiling.
Tor Ekeland & Mike Hassard are defence attorneys representing a Swedish-Russian national, Roman Sterlingov, arrested in early 2021 by the IRS at LAX. He was accused of creating and operating the Bitcoin Fog mixing service to launder over $300 million. He had his assets seized and was incarcerated. He’s awaiting trial. Tor and Mike are still trying to find corroborating evidence. But they’ve uncovered conflicts of interest within the DoJ.
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Roman Sterlingov has been accused of running Bitcoin Fog, a Bitcoin mixer, and laundering $334 million. On a prima facie basis it seems like a case of the state acting to crack down on nefarious darknet activities. But, delve deeper, as Roman’s lawyers Tor Ekeland & Mike Hassard have done, and it raises serious questions about what the DoJ and various companies are willing to do for selfish motives.
Firstly, there is a distinct lack of evidence against Roman. No evidence has been found on any computer, thumb drive or server that links Roman to the crimes he’s accused of.
The evidence that does exist has been produced by the blockchain forensics company Chainanalysis. But as yet this evidence is not open to scrutiny, and, such evidence has never been challenged in court.
Secondly, the case highlights numerous material conflicts of interest within the DoJ and Chainalysis. A revolving door between the DoJ and Big Tech is a well-known issue. Then there’s the use of cases such as Roman’s to help build the reputation of Chainalysis, helping it to gain a multi billion dollar valuation. The profit incentive has and does skew criminal prosecutions in the US.
And lastly, there’s the overreach of the DoJ, and the tactics it is employing to arrest and prosecute individuals. Roman’s case is a high-stakes situation for both Roman, the Bitcoin community and the wider public. If Roman loses, he could face 50 years to life in prison. If unchallenged, it could also set a dangerous precedent and allow the government to expand its jurisdiction globally through the internet.
Pascal Gauthier is the CEO of Ledger, NVK is the founder of Coinkite, Matt Odell is a podcaster and Bitcoin educator and Harry Sudock is Cheif Strategy Officer at Griid. In this interview, we host a group discussion, regarding Ledger’s Recover firmware update. We talk about the questions this update has raised about the trade-offs between mitigating seed recovery risk over state seizure risks.
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Full disclosure, Ledger is a sponsor of the What Bitcoin Did Podcast.
Just under a week ago, Ledger launched a seed recovery service called Ledger Recover. There was an immediate backlash on Twitter, with various prominent voices raising concerns about the security implications. Fundamentally, does this feature open up users to hacking or state seizure risks? Or, is this a useful service that will support efforts to get more users to self-custody?
The purpose of this show was to enable Pascal Gauthier, the CEO of Ledger, to explain the aims of Ledger’s seed recovery service, and the methods employed to protect users. The show then enabled trusted independent and prominent voices within the community (including a Ledger competitor) to set out their concerns and discuss them openly with Pascal.
Should security for Bitcoin be provided using open or closed-source software? Given the challenges in providing robust security, are there any acceptable trade-offs? Can we afford anything less than full transparency from commercial companies involved in Bitcoin security?
The rudimentary issue is whether Bitcoin security should be regarded as a binary choice. Should we as a community should aim for a minimum expectation of security? Or, should we take the world as it is and pragmatically make incremental improvements to people’s security? Can we afford as a community to have the majority of people custody on exchanges? Or, do we strive for higher ideals than seeing self-custody as an end in itself?
Jason Lowery is a Major in the US Space Force and author of Softwar: A Novel Theory on Power Projection and the National Strategic Significance of Bitcoin. In this interview, we discuss how he is building the case within the US Department of Defence that Bitcoin represents a new form of digital warfare that the US government needs to embrace to secure its power projection in cyberspace.
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Jason Lowery burst onto the Bitcoin scene in August 2021. When a senior member of the US Space Force enters the Bitcoin debate it tends to turn heads! But, it was his novel projections of what value Bitcoin presents to society that generated interest and controversy. Bitcoiners have long espoused Bitcoin as a peaceful revolution. Jason thinks Bitcoin can be used as a tool of warfare.
In Softwar, Jason’s recently released book on the national strategic significance of Bitcoin, he explains the background of modern warfare, tracing its roots back to the struggle for survival in all forms of life. From single-cell organisms upwards, all of life is involved in a fight for control over resources and territory. Competition has resulted in an ecological arms race manifested through evolutionary cycles of improvements in physical power and the projection of that power.
Softwar explains that humans are just another life form involved in this competition for survival. Humans, however, have become increasingly efficient at power projection techniques, from wielding fire to using nuclear weapons. Now, as we accelerate through the digital age, humans need to develop and harness new and innovative methods to maintain their advantages over adversaries.
In his role within Space Force, which is developing the means to project power beyond our planet, Jason has been contemplating what other tools will be required as another arena for competition opens up: cyberspace. Jason argues that Bitcoin has the potential to be a revolutionary cybersecurity system. Proof of Work is an innovation that moves the fight to the enemy, imposing a cost on those wishing to undertake an attack.
Softwar is a call to action for the US Department of Defence to adopt Bitcoin as a tool of warfare in the new cyberspace battlefield. Whilst designed to secure money, PoW can in theory be used to secure other forms of data. Whether you agree with this assertion or not, Jason is making progress within the DoD in arguing Bitcoin’s utility makes it too important for the Department of Treasury and Federal Reserve jurisdiction. And who would bet against the DoD in a fight!
Michael Saylor is the CEO of MicroStrategy. In this interview, we discuss his 10 rules for lfie, the opportunities and threats of AI, the importance of Bitcoin in an automated world, the strength of ossification compared to accelerating change, and the criticality of Bitcoin miners to the Bitcoin network. We also talk about Michael’s navigation of the bear market.
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Chat GPT was released a little over 6 months ago. It is arguably the most significant tech innovation since the internet. People are now routinely using chatbots to interact with technology and access information tailored to very specific needs. Whilst the impacts of this are yet to be fully understood, it is widely accepted that we have entered a new exciting and equally frightening paradigm.
The issue at hand is that the world is becoming increasingly automated. As a result, human beings are being viewed as a constraint on productivity, which AI technology can mitigate. Where does this leave humans? In a world predicated on code and efficiency and automation, what controls are in place to ensure these systems are secure such that they can not be centralised and exploited such that the general population suffers rather than flourishes?
Michael Saylor is of the opinion we need an automated tool that is secure and outside of any centralised control. Bitcoin, in this scenario, is the tool that can compete with new digital advances, but, enable humans to retain some control of their lives. As such, it is imperative that we protect the integrity of the innovation such that its utility remains available for both existing and future generations.
The question then becomes how do we best protect Bitcoin? Saylor argues that it is the Bitcoin miners that are Bitcoin’s “fortresses”: they provide brute force security, a cryptographic defence, and the means to marshall the means to advocate effectively for Bitcoin within the corridors of power. Bitcoin miners, therefore, need protection to ensure they continue to act as Bitcoin’s standing army. We do this by ensuring stability: ossifying Bitcoin’s base layer protocol.
Rune Østgård is the Author of ‘Fraudcoin: 1000 Years with Inflation as a Policy’. In this interview, we discuss inflation’s historical introduction and use as an exploitative tool by elites and how, in various phases of history (most recently, the early 20th century), inflation was not viewed as a required economic phenomenon. To Rune, there is no more important subject to understand than inflation.
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In the 1700s, Scottish philosopher and economist Adam Smith was the first to use the term “inflation” in his book, “The Wealth of Nations.” Smith argued that inflation resulted from an increase in the amount of money in circulation, which caused goods and services to be more expensive.
But inflation is not a modern phenomenon. It has been in existence for centuries. And historical analysis shows that it has been used as an exploitative tool by elites throughout the ages. Rune Ostgard has traced the use of inflation back to its use in his home country of Norway in 1050 AD, its use by a tyrant King, and its role in the effective ending of the Viking era.
Rune states that it is this historical knowledge that shows firstly how ruinous inflation can be and, secondly, why it is not an inevitable or necessary feature of economic systems. Famously during the 19th century, there was a sustained period when deflationary growth occurred in the United States.
And yet, for the past 100 years, we have been conditioned to accept inflation as an essential economic driver. Its insidious nature has been hidden by a period of low rates of inflation. Now, however, with inflation rising to double-digit levels across many parts of the world, its destructive compounding impacts are more apparent.
We are now, therefore, at a time when it is necessary to question inflations societal value and whether there are other ways of managing our economies. Whilst Bitcoiners have a viable future mapped out, Bitcoin is still viewed by many with suspicion. But, as the fiat system continues to unravel, the value of Bitcoin becomes ever more easy to explain.
Obi Nwosu is a co-founder of Fedimint and a board member of Jack Dorsey’s and Jay-Z’s ₿trust. In this interview, we discuss the mission of Fedimint: empowering communities around the world by allowing them to take control of their money. We also talk about the importance of trust models in relation to storing Bitcoin in Fedimint.
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It’s hard to believe that Fedimint is only 2 years old. Its development is a regular topic of exciting conversation within the community. It is one of a number of important projects that are leading many to believe we’re on the cusp of a wave of innovation within Bitcoin: Blockstream Developer Neigut expects there will be a ‘Cambrian Explosion’ of Bitcoin Layer 2 Protocols in the future.
Obi Nwosu came back to provide some valuable demonstrations of how Fedimint will work in practice. Lightning transactions, encrypted chat and offline payments are just an example of the developments that the Fedi team have been working on bringing to the Fedimint protocol. All of these back and reinforce the Chaumian mint functionality and multisig custody solution on which Fedimint is predicated.
It is now garnering interest from those looking to use it in anger, with a number of Beta applications being tested. Once officially launched, it has the potential to democratise access to financial systems for millions of communities, providing efficiencies and cost savings currently out of reach. Further, it can make the Lightning Network more efficient whilst opening up access to Bitcoin.
Bradley Rettler is an Associate Professor of Philosophy, and a member of the Resistance Money, a philosophy research collective focused on Bitcoin. In this interview, we discuss the potential ethical implications of AI, philosophical reflections on money creation and governance, the importance of financial literacy, and combating misinformation about Bitcoin.
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One of the important groups to emerge within the Bitcoin community over the past few years has been the philosophers studying Bitcoin, led by members of the Resistance Money collective: Andrew Bailey, Bradley Rettle and Craig Warmke (with Troy Cross as an honorary member). They have added academic weight to the consideration of the importance of Bitcoin in the context of fundamental questions regarding money’s role in society.
The Resistance Money collective has been examining Bitcoin from various angles. In the episode, Bradley discusses moral dilemmas posed by a material global transition to this new form of money: the transfer of wealth, energy consumption impacts, the acceptance of privacy for bad and good, and usage by enemies. In addition, considerations about the benefits provided by fiat currency that could be lost: e.g. is there a useful societal function provided by money printing?
But this is where philosophical tools are extremely useful. In a previous episode, Craig Warmke explained the usefulness of the ‘veil of ignorance’ thought experiment, where one assumes they have no knowledge of what position in society they would have, and, from this position, they then determine what monetary system would best serve society for the great good. It is this perspective that is used to establish the Resistence Money thesis on Bitcoin.
In a scenario where you could fall into any position in society, it would obviously be better that Bitcoin existed. It is the philosophical equivalent of checking your privilege. Whilst Bitcoin’s potential impact on society is complex and uneven, it is far easier to understand how Bitcoin acts to mitigate global inequality and inequity when assuming a scenario where you need it and it doesn’t exist.
David Bailey is the co-founder & CEO of BTC Inc. In this interview, we discuss the upcoming Bitcoin Conference in Miami, the ongoing saga with Genesis, Grayscale & DCG, as well as the Redeem GBTC campaign that David has been spearheading.
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Grayscale Bitcoin Trust (GBTC) is a trust product offered by Grayscale, a company owned by Digital Currency Group (DCG). GBTC allows investors to gain exposure to Bitcoin through more traditional investment channels, and currently, Grayscale manages approximately $18.1 billion across various funds.
However, Grayscale is facing some significant issues. Since early 2021, GBTC has been trading below its net asset value (NAV) at a discount rate of around -36%. GBTC holders are unable to redeem their shares for the underlying asset and must accept this discount if they want to sell their shares on the open market.
To address this, David Bailey has set up the Redeem GBTC campaign to push Grayscale to open withdrawals and allow GBTC holders to access the underlying Bitcoin with minimal impact on the Bitcoin market. Allowing redemptions could also potentially bring the heavy discount to NAV back closer to par.
Lawrence Lepard is an Investment Manager and Austrian Economist. In this interview, we discuss gold and Bitcoin, comparing their relative benefits as assets over short and long time scales. We also discuss inflation, the potential threats to Bitcoin, inequality in society, and the challenges of finding credible leaders in politics.
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As the world grapples with an uncertain financial future, it's becoming increasingly important to diversify your investment portfolio. The two obvious assets designed to weather the coming economic storms are Bitcoin and gold. Whilst the relationship between gold bugs and Bitcoiners has been adversarial over the years, the two assets are two sides of the same coin.
There are important differences between the two: Bitcoin is digital gold, which enables it to be used in ways beyond the capacity of gold; but gold has a 5,000-year head start on Bitcoin, and can therefore provide less volatility in the short to medium term. But, the primary demand for both as a store of value is predicated on the same thesis of limited supply. They both, therefore, serve as a hedge against inflation.
In essence, the investors in both assets are well aligned in terms of their concerns about the global economic system. Goldbugs and Bitcoiners understand the value in sound money, and the risks posed by the current fiat system. Rather than being suspicious of each other, there is much to be said about orange-pilling gold bugs, and similarly, Bitcoiners being open to investing in gold.
The big picture is that both gold and Bitcoin present a risk to the current economic system. It is likely that they will both be subject to attacks and controls by those seeking to reinforce the current system, as the cracks and fissures widen. Any meaningful divisions can and will be exploited: divide and conquer is a military tactic as old as politics and war. We, therefore, need alliances. Lawrence Lepard is one of those seeking to build a bridge between the two groups.
Freddie New is the Head of Policy at Bitcoin Policy UK. In this interview, we discuss how his childhood experiences living in Zimbabwe and Syria have shaped his understanding of Bitcoin’s unique properties. We also discuss his amazing efforts in setting up Bitcoin Policy UK, a new and much-needed advocacy group promoting Bitcoin to policymakers and the wider public in the United Kingdom.
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Danny and I have been very fortunate to travel to a vast array of countries in making this show. In the process, I have been exposed to ideas and experiences that reinforce the importance of Bitcoin. But what strikes me the hardest is coming back to the UK. There is a general lack of interest and consideration for this innovation. It’s an attitude that borders on outright suspicion and derision on occasions.
Freddie New is one of the main people behind a new advocacy group: Bitcoin Policy UK. It is a lobbying and educational non-profit that the UK has been in desperate need of. This speaks to the difficulties of getting funding for such initiatives more than anything else. But, as the Bitcoin Policy Institute and Coin Centre attest, it’s about getting the right people to work in such organisations.
Freddie is such a person. Whilst he speaks like a typical London professional (which can open many doors in the UK!), his experiences in growing up and escaping Zimbabwe were anything like the typical insular upbringing of many in the UK. At an early age, Freddie was forced to acquire valuable education on the importance of the properties that Bitcoin provides. It is a story that makes you catch your breath.
Bitcoin advocacy is about looking beyond the investment potential of the Bitcoin asset and expressing its value as a technology that can protect people. Advocacy needs to be authoritative and tell powerful stories to persuade people who are blind to the economic transition coming down the road. Having someone who can eloquently attest to the need to have means to protect sovereign wealth could be the lightning rod for Bitcoin advocacy in the UK.
On the 14th of April What Bitcoin Did hosted a live show in Bedford. The guests were the founder of LNBits Ben Arc, CEO/Chairman of Ego Death Capital Jeff Booth, Investment Manager Lawrence Lepard and Macro analyst James Lavish. Across these interviews, we discussed Nostr, censorship-resistant marketplaces, hyperinflation, debt, deflationary economics, Bitcoin and AI.
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I have taken the What Bitcoin Did podcast all around the world: across the United States, South America and Europe. However, I have always dreamed of hosting a live event in my home town. Never would I have believed that I could have been lucky enough to have 4 of the best voices within the community come to the inaugural What Bitcoin Did Live in Bedford event.
The show covered the main issues affecting not only the Bitcoin community at the moment, but the wider economic and social landscape. We discuss the development of the decentralized censorship-resistant social media network Nostr with one of it’s inventors, the amazing Ben Arc, and his work in expanding its application to develop censorship-resistant marketplaces.
Lawrence Lepard and James Lavish set out their analysis of the macroeconomic environment in which the current sovereign debt and deficit situation could result in triple-digit inflation in Western economies within the next few years. We discuss balancing mitigating the resultant risk with investment strategies focused on both gold and Bitcoin.
Finally, Jeff Booth explains his deflationary thesis, where an unmanipulated economic system allows technology and competition to provide productivity gains to flow through society, how Bitcoin is the only way to measure the productivity falling in a system with monetary inflation, and, the potential for AI to create a superintelligence that will be smarter than humans.
Jeff Booth is the Author of The Price of Tomorrow and CEO/Chairman of Ego Death Capital. In this interview, we discuss the effects of prices falling to the marginal cost of production, Bitcoin and its role in a deflationary economy, how inflation and debt distribute wealth unfairly, and the deflationary influence of AI and its impact on the future.
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It is the natural order for prices to fall to the marginal cost of production over time, and this principle applies to all industries. The fiat system works against this by artificially creating scarcity. And it has to work against deflation to maintain its dominance, through manipulation of the monetary system: debt, inflation and an ever more narrow concentration of wealth.
As the fiat system falters, could the concept of a deflationary economy take hold? Whilst it involves a massive shift in economic value that is hard to comprehend, as innovation continues to push the boundaries of what is possible, and AI comes of age, a deflationary economy becomes very more likely. Jeff Booth argues that it makes logical sense as a system to enable society to continue to expand.
The common narrative is that we need inflation, and deflation would harm living standards. However, Jeff argues that whilst prices will fall in a deflationary economy, wages are sticky: people are not willing to accept wage decreases as fast as prices are falling. This would result in a massive transfer of wealth back to productive members of society.
Jeff also promotes Bitcoin as part of an investment strategy as we transition into a deflationary economy: its monetary policy is designed to weather the current inflationary system, it’s outside of anyone’s control and it has no counterparty risk. Further, in a new period of abundance, a reliable fixed currency will become a necessity. It will be the new measurement for productivity and progress.
James Lavish is a Bitcoin advocate and writer of the Informationist newsletter. In this interview, we discuss central banks' manipulation of the monetary system, the eye-melting bailouts to come, an inevitable credit event the Fed will be unable to rectify, why BRICS pressure doesn’t currently threaten the dollar, and how the US rejecting Bitcoin may lead to hyperbitcoinisation.
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Last month US Treasury yield curves witnessed their deepest inversion for over 40 years. This means holding bonds over the long term results in a lower return than shorter-duration contracts. It is a classic signal of a looming recession. It is the market expectation that future interest rates will be cut in order to stimulate an economy.
Whilst there are historical precedents for this situation, what sets the current paradigm apart is the level of unsustainable government debt: increasingly, countries are having to deal with debt levels in excess of their respective GDP. Whilst high inflation provides a way for reducing these burdens, such levels of inflation are politically damaging, and further, risk damaging economies and thereby tax income. Moreover, they risk damaging critical banking infrastructure.
Interest rates, as a result, will oscillate: they have accelerated to reduce rampant inflation, then, as is being forecast, they will need to be cut to stimulate a stagnant economy. All the while, commercial banks will be forced to search for yield. And some of these banks will get on the wrong side of the trade. Recent events have shown how quickly such situations can spiral out of control.
But, for how long can governments keep bailing out the banks? James Lavish, a leading market analyst, predicts a precarious situation. For a variety of reasons, the US can’t afford to go into a deep recession. As a result, James predicts a “face-melting print” by the Fed to avoid this situation. But, then, at some point the music will stop, and there could be a watershed credit event where the Fed won’t or can’t step in. The real question is, what comes after this event?
Jason Brett is a former FDIC regulator who worked through the 2008 Global Financial Crisis. In this interview, we discuss the Restrict Act, a proposed piece of US legislation that could enable the Secretary of Commerce to shutter access to Bitcoin. We also talk about Operation Chokepoint 2.0, the banking crisis, and whether Bitcoin is a threat to the banks.
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Last month, a bipartisan group of United States senators introduced a bill called “Restricting the Emergence of Security Threats that Risk Information and Communications Technology Act”, which is being referred to as the RESTRICT Act. Principally aimed at mitigating foreign technology threats, the legislation would empower officials to police and restrict Americans' domestic access to a range of technologies, including Bitcoin.
Whilst not principally aimed at cryptocurrencies (it has been drafted with the aim of banning companies like TikTok from the United States), the bill has been widely criticised for its broad language. It would enable the secretary of commerce to take action against any information and communication technology connected to a foreign adversary that posed “undue or unacceptable risk”.
The US has recent experience of the original intent of laws being stretched to limit American citizens' rights: the 2001 Patriot Act has been used for increasingly pervasive monitoring and surveillance of Americans that included the implementation of bulk data collection programs by the NSA affecting millions of people.
The issue at hand is that Bitcoin presents a real and present danger to the Fed: it is both a viable alternative to commercial banks, and Treasury debt as a global reserve asset. History shows decision makers will use any tool available to restrict what they view as an undue and unacceptable risk. Whilst Bitcoin is not the primary target of the Restrict Act, it is feasible that one day it may be used to stop access to Bitcoin for Americans. Prepare accordingly.
Lane Rettig is a core developer for Spacemesh. In this interview, we discuss the much-criticised New York Times article that attacked Bitcoin mining, specifically focusing on its strange attacks on demand response and the strange use of marginal emissions accounting. We also talk about the difficulties of finding truth in a world with misaligned incentives.
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On April 11th, The New York Times (NYT) published a piece of investigative journalism by Gabriel J.X. Dance entitled “The Real-World Costs of the Digital Race for Bitcoin”. The piece stated Bitcoin mines “cash in on electricity — by devouring it, selling it, even turning it off — and they cause immense pollution. In many cases, the public pays a price.” As Margot Paez stated in a brilliant review of the article for the Bitcoin Policy Institute, The NYT’s hit piece is “Absurd”.
The article had been long expected as a number of prominent people within the community have been interviewed for it. What transpired was that any pro-Bitcoin information provided had been ignored. The flip side was the biased representation of Bitcoin mining using flawed analysis, false equivalences, wild extrapolations and incorrect deductions. It is an exemplar of confirmation bias writ large, where the conclusions preceded the investigation.
That Gabriel Dance has no experience of Bitcoin or crypto in any of his previous work is neither here nor there. Any journalist worth their salt knows the basic tenets of reporting: a clinical gathering of evidence, cold interrogation of facts, and an unbiased and clear interpretation of the results. The NYT put’s it best in its mission statement: "seek the truth & help people understand the world".
So, what has happened? A commissioning editor would have signed this off following a modicum of independent fact checking. That it has been published whilst being riven with distortions and mistruths suggests either a corruption of the journalistic practices at The NYT or that their internal systems have been stripped to the bone and the drive for clickbait trumps everything else. Either way, we have a problem, as mainstream fake information spreads like a virus.
Calle is a Bitcoin and Lightning developer contributing to LNBits and the Cashu ecash system. In this interview, we discuss Cashu’s mission and development, undertake a live demonstration of it in action, the importance of privacy, removing ideology from Bitcoin, and the future of AI and robots.
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“By providing a high degree of privacy in payments, cash helps to slow the growing information asymmetry between consumers and companies… between citizens and public authorities… privacy is crucial for individuals to safeguard their position when dealing with organisations which are more powerful than a single person.” Not the words of an anarcho-capitalist, but a prominent Deutsche Bank economist from 2019.
It is a truism that privacy is the bedrock of democracy. The problem is we’re sleepwalking into a cashless society where digital payments are tracked, recorded and stored. You can learn everything about someone through their transactions. Privacy in other areas means nothing in this environment. The issue has been how to replicate the utility of cash in the digital world.
David Chaum solved this problem in 1982: his dissertation “Computer Systems Established, Maintained and Trusted By Mutually Suspicious Groups” was the original blueprint for blockchains (excluding the proof of work consensus mechanism). His company Digicash launched ecash in 1995, predicated on Chaum’s blind signature innovation. For various reasons, ecash did not take root. Until now.
Amongst a small number of initiatives aiming to revive ecash under the Bitcoin umbrella, is Cashu, which allows for private ecash payments over the Lightning Network. It is essentially digital cash, backed by Bitcoin. It requires no accounts or personal information, and everyone involved in the system is blind to other users' transactions.
There are tradeoffs: it’s a custodial system where sats are deposited in ‘mints’ to create ecash. The creator Calle, a respected Bitcoin and Lightning Network developer, is working on technical solutions to overcome concerns. Even so, given how well the test version of Cashu is working, Cashu could be the go-to digital cash feature we’re all using very soon, and the feature that enables the next cycle of adoption.
Luke Gromen is the Founder and President of Forest for the Trees (FFTT). In this interview, we discuss how governments can navigate the first busting global debt bubble in 100 years. We talk about historical precedents: namely the Weimar Republic in the 1930s and Israel in the 1980s, and how governments may be forced to allow for a compressed period of triple-digit inflation.
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Israel in the mid-1980s faced an existential economic crisis. After a decade of stagnation and rising government expenditure fuelled by money printing, commercial banks started to buckle. Further, the inflation rate was skyrocketing. In 1979 it had reached 111%. By 1984 it had grown to 450%, with fears it could exceed 1,000% by the end of 1985.
Despite the real risk that the sovereign debt bubble may soon burst leading to unprecedented levels of inflation, those in the west have become inured to a belief that very high rates of inflation only happen in developing countries. And yet, the experience of hyperinflation in an advanced democratic country was felt much more recently than most people think. It is important therefore to consider the lessons from Israel’s inflationary crisis of the 1980s.
The policies enacted by Israel to mitigate the situation were socially bruising. Markets were liberalised, government spending was significantly cut, wages were controlled, the Shekel was sharply devalued, and interest rates were raised to punitive levels. The result was a recession in the 1990s with high unemployment. But inflation was tamed. And Israel did not fail as a state.
Nevertheless, the taming of inflation in Israel benefited from various fortuitous factors: high levels of cheap immigrant labour, the technology boom, and the peace process opening up new markets. There aren’t any such obvious pressure-release valves for the west. Furthermore, will those in the West feel as culturally tied to their home nation to stick through such periods of pain?
In essence, is Israel a useful case study, or a distracting aside? We may hope it's the former. Otherwise, we may be entering a period for which the precedent goes back to the 1920s Weimar Republic. Or, even more worryingly, we may experience a crisis for which there is no historical precedent. Prepare accordingly.
Matthew Mežinskis is the creator of the Crypto Voices podcast and Porkopolis Economics website. In this interview, we discuss why free banking has always failed due to central bank interference, and how Bitcoin changes the rules of the game. We also talk about how credit is a natural economic phenomenon, and why narrow banking is centralising in nature.
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The history of free banking goes back over 1,000 years and it has existed in over 60 countries. It was widespread in the 19th century, but from the early 20th century onwards it was supplanted by central banking in modern economies. However, despite some common narratives, it’s demise was more to do with pressure from governments to create monopolies for currency issuance, than inherent weaknesses in the free banking system.
The idea of free banking is re-emerging as a response to the failures of central banks. It is well documented that monopolies often result in market failure due to their constraining of efficiency and innovation. Further, without competition, those running monopolies distort prices and capital through subjective and misaligned priorities. A sovereign debt spiral is a symptom of such centralising control.
Matthew Mežinskis is able to bring colour to this issue through his peerless analysis of the different types of money flowing through the economy, and how these are currently out of kilter with the economic system they are intended to support. At the root of the problem is that central banks control both the base money (i.e. the money supply) and the credit supplied to the economy through commercial banks.
These tools have been abused. Further, commercial banks have been allowed to get around the rules of the system for decades. As a result, bailouts for commercial banks are happening with alarming regularity. As Matthew asserts in the show: “In the last 100 years, the central bank, the premier banking institution in the United States, has gone to three extremes; [this] never ever has happened in recorded history.” Thank god we have Bitcoin.
Eric Wall is a researcher and investor, and in this interview, we discuss how Eric became a notable critical voice within the HEX community, his ongoing fight with prominent Bitcoin maximalists, and Taproot Wizards.
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What Bitcoin stands for and should be is a debate that has been raging since 2009. Bitcoin’s unique characteristics have drawn many people into its gravity. The realisation that its immaculate conception may never be replicated has resulted in many of those same people guarding Bitcoin’s development with uncompromising zeal.
The result has been the rise of Bitcoin Maximalism. Maximalist ideology can be a fuzzy concept: there are no clearly agreed rules or principles; there have been various iterations with different priorities over time. However, it is clearly characterised by conservatism over the development of the protocol, and intolerance for those with differing attitudes.
Nevertheless, that is not to say that Bitcoin development can forever remain in stasis. There are and have been pressures requiring upgrades both to the base layer, and in the development of additional layers. This means there is always a creative tension on what changes are required, and how quickly these need to be implemented.
Further, as Bitcoin has no leader, it has engendered an ecosystem where advocates organically emerge, who can gain traction and have an outsized influence on the community. This creates further tensions as Bitcoin’s purpose is being proselytized using competing and sometimes muddied beliefs.
Thus, it is important that Bitcoiners enable an open dialogue where all ideas are questioned, scrutinized and tested. And such debates should be open to all Bitcoiners, without fear or favour to any powerful interests. Is the question therefore how intolerant we should be of those with differing views? And, can we live without trolling, or is this a necessary defensive tool?
Ahmed Gatnash is an author, activist and co-founder of the Kawaakibi Foundation. In this interview, we discuss how the hope of the Arab Spring has been ruthlessly suppressed, meaning the middle east is further from democracy than ever. It’s a breathtaking story of brave activists fighting Twitter’s exploitation, Jamal Khashoggi’s murder and the blackmailing of Jeff Bezos.
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The history of the Middle East is a modern tragedy: the cradle of civilisation has been exploited by powerful Western interests that have enabled corrupt and cruel authoritarian rule to dominate the region. Democratic movements have long struggled to gain any traction. However, a wave of optimism spread through the region in 2011 as the Arab Spring saw numerous popular uprisings. The ruthless response indicated that the region's path to freedom will be a long one.
Every action has an equal and opposite reaction. Except in the Middle East. The wave of protests predicated on the pent-up anger at decades of corruption and economic stagnation heralded an era of extreme brutality against citizens throughout the region. The cruel irony is that the Western social media technology that enabled the coordination of demonstrations, has now been effectively harnessed by those seeking to protect the established centres of power.
The cruelty lies in the knowing actions of those directly involved in the violent repression of dissent. It also lies in the wanton ignorance of those living in the West. Those who marginalise a continent of people. Those who prioritise profit over other considerations. Those who talk of freedom but know nothing of those who are staking their lives for freedom in today’s world.
This is a tale about brave activists fighting for the rights we in the West take for granted to be provided to their peers in the Middle East. It is a story of an outsized fight where those fighting for democracy are facing entrenched and ruthless authoritarians, self-interested Westerners and a largely indifferent media. It is an interview you need to hear. We all need to check our privilege.
Dan Tubb is a podcaster and former venture capitalist. In this interview, we discuss the problems with fixing the sovereign debt problem in the context of broken media, broken politics and broken international institutions. We talk about the general ignorance of the problems facing society, and how this compounds the difficulty of resolving the situation.
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The last show with Dan Tubb was extremely popular. Dan set out in clear terms why the current economic system is at a crossroads: continuation of the accumulation of debt without rebalancing fiscal commitments is unsustainable; equally, there are no easy solutions. But when debt payments become one of the main government expenditures it’s well past the time to act.
In this follow-up show we discuss the causes, ramifications and potential mitigations with Dan. How did the boomer generation unintentionally fuel the current economic problems, and why are they reluctant to change tack? Why is government becoming increasingly dogmatic and coercive in their policy application? Can AI provide a source of growth for the economy that averts the debt spiral? Should we expect the government to resolve all these issues?
These aren’t theoretical concerns; there is evidence abounds that society's relationship with the state is shifting: Macron’s difficulties in reigning in state spending in France; the growth in power of the Dutch farmers; Brexit. For too long those in government have taken the electorate for granted, whilst feathering their own nests. However, the issue is whether this break between the people and power will only exacerbate problems.
The solution surely has to be in more direct engagement between decision-makers and citizens. States rights in the US have long served as a beacon of governance for other parts of the world: bottom up democracy that provides for competition and innovation. It’s not that we need less government, it's that we need more representative and localised government. Further, if we want a functioning democracy, we need to entice the best back into government.
Jan Čapek and Pavel Moravec are the co-founders of Braiins, a Bitcoin Mining company. In this interview, we discuss Braiins update to their updated Stratum V2 protocol software for pooled mining, how it helps solve Bitcoin mining’s centralisation problem, and why Braiins has given the Stratum software away to the community as open source.
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The development and growth in pooled Bitcoin mining has been a critical part of maintaining Bitcoin’s security. The synergies of scale were always going to affect Bitcoin as it transitioned into a more mature technology. However, centralisation is an existential threat to Bitcoin. Mining pools, started in 2010 by Jan and Pavel, therefore enabled small-scale miners to continue to gain value from limited hash power, which thereby strengthened the network's security.
Nevertheless, just as the rise of the mega miners concentrated the hashrate, so did the rise of major mining pools. In February over 52% of the hashrate was controlled by just 2 mining pools (Foundry USA and Antpool). This is not to state that these mining pools have malevolent intentions. But Bitcoin must always guard against an attack through trustless mechanisms. Marathon’s flip-flopping over filtering non-OFAC-compliant transactions in 2021 was a warning.
The solution to the problem lies in the communication protocol used to connect miners with mining pools. The existing protocol, Stratum V1, was developed and distributed as open-source software by Braiins in 2012. Whilst it has successfully supported Bitcoin mining pools since then, it was in need of an upgrade for a series of reasons. Such an upgrade enabled this centralisation issue to be tackled head-on.
Stratum V2 transfers the power for writing new blocks from the pool operators and into the hands of individual miners. This is enabled by a sub-protocol within Stratum V2 called the “Job Negiotator”. The incentive for adoption is that the other updates enable faster (i.e. more profitable) and more secure communications. It is an elegant solution built with the same technical and community-facing ethos as Bitcoin’s open-source code. Děkuji Braiins!
Lyn Alden is a macroeconomist and investment strategist. In this interview, we discuss the recent run of bank failures: the causes, the impacts on the banking sector, federal support and exposure, and the likelihood of continued stress in the system. We also discuss a coming decade of recurring inflation and the emergence of reserve currency competition in a multi-polar world.
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“The vast majority of commercial banks that have ever operated in the U.S. have disappeared… the slow and steady decline in bank numbers continues.” This 2021 analysis by a St Louis Federal Reserve economist is as applicable now as then. Whilst the dramatic decline in bank numbers (from over 30,000 in 1921 to circa 4,000 now) mostly occurred in the 1930s, the past 3 decades have been characterized by a continued contraction that shows no sign of stopping.
There are obviously inherent risks in banking centralization. As we have seen in recent years, governments are delegating more regulatory authority to private banks, bypassing democratic norms in the process. As banks require central bank permission to operate, they have no incentive to resist such demands. Nevertheless, banking centralisation is a symptom of a more fundamental issue: a fiscal spiral that’s creating an increasingly volatile economic environment.
Unsustainable levels of debt are hampering central banks' ability to address growing inflation. Restraining economic growth decreases the ability of governments to reduce deficits. Further, the political cycle results in difficult but necessary policy decisions around fiscal constraints being deferred. The result is a yo-yo-ing of rate rises and bailouts. This increases the risk for all types of investment, even traditional safe havens. Banks struggle, and depositors run.
A situation that begins with investors seeking safer banks, if not resolved, can lead to investors seeking to divest themselves of sovereign currencies. This is where capital controls kick in. The fundamental issue is that governments will seek to protect the system, not the individual. The denial of licences for narrow banks is part of the same toolbox that includes gold seizures and potential restrictions on Bitcoin. Prepare accordingly.
Aleks Svetski is an entrepreneur, author and Bitcoin advocate. In this interview, we discuss his upcoming book “The Bushido of Bitcoin”. We cover the negative impacts of wealth, how Bitcoiners can mitigate such negative influences by becoming virtuous and disciplined, and why famous warrior classes are examples to follow.
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It seems like we’re entering another bull run. If it is sustained and we enter another cycle, Bitcoin’s price appreciation will be matched by reappraisals of the hyperbitcoinisation thesis. Can it replace the role of stores of value? Can it become a new global monetary reserve? Will it become a prevalent medium of exchange?
Whilst all these questions are important, there one area of discussion doesn’t get adequately debated: what do Bitcoiners do if and when their place within society becomes elevated? Material personal benefits will be offset by newfound responsibilities. If they are to be the flag bearers of the change Bitcoin promises, how should Bitcoiners behave?
Aleks Svetski tackles this issue in his soon-to-be-released book ‘The Bushido of Bitcoin”. Bushido is the samurai moral code. The word literally means “warrior way”. The samurai were Japanese nobility, and Bushido adhered them to follow various virtues (honour, honesty, self-control, loyalty, compassion, respect, righteousness and courage). It has had a lasting impact on Japanese culture.
The importance of Bushido in the modern context is that elites now operate outside of any moral code. Post war liberal society has developed a system of norms, where expected behaviours have not been codified into law. Increasingly, elites have exploited these norms: if it isn’t illegal, then it’s okay. The roots of societal decay can be extrapolated from this situation.
What is needed is a new moral code. It could be argued that Bitcoin maximalists have been developing such a moral framework for Bitcoiners. But, it is important to take a step back and understand the tenets of a moral code first before defining which actions should be encouraged or discouraged. In essence, what should the Bushido of Bitcoin be?
Izabella Kaminska is a journalist and founder and editor of The Blind Spot. In this interview, we discuss the failure of current mainstream journalism to cover subjects properly, why the destruction of the middle class is dangerous for democracy, the endemic problem of corruption in politics, and the need for an honest economic orthodoxy.
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In a lot of ways, we are in a gold age of media. There have never been so many different ways to consume news and opinion. This has been triggered by many factors: deregulation, technology and the atomisation of modern society. But, this also creates a significant number of problems. Principally, whilst there is more freely accessible information, it is now harder to discern fact from fake.
The commercialisation of news has resulted in a race for clickbait: polarising reporting, increasing sensationalism, and relegating in-depth examination. Conversely, those organisations seeking to remain impartial such as the BBC, end up getting lost in a sea of conflicting missions. This has resulted in the BBC failing in its main mission to inform, educate and entertain.
This is why new media brands are becoming important promulgators of information, increasingly at the expense of traditional media organisations. Amongst all the noise, people are looking for honest and relatable brokers of news. Further, people are craving more intellectually curious, nuanced and detailed analysis. This is the demand Izabella Kaminska’s The Blind Spot media venture is seeking to fill. A demand that mainstream media is unwilling or unable to satisfy.
It’s hard: building a new brand takes time. But, without such content, groups on both the left and right will continue to mischaracterize issues that require understanding, trade-offs and proportionality. This will exacerbate the problems of polarisation and the veiled promotion of corporate interests. We need more journalists like Isabella willing to report the truth.
Sergej Kotliar is the founder and CEO of Bitrefill. In this interview, we discuss enabling Bitcoin circular economies, the mission of Bitrefill to be a financial empowerment company, the risks and rewards of using zero-confs for processing transactions, and the many different cultures and communities Bitcoin has spawned.
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Bitrefill is the largest crypto e-commerce platform in the world. It aims to facilitate the development of crypto circular economies. Whilst Bitcoin makes up a significant portion of their business, they are not a Bitcoin-only company. The mission is aimed at empowering people to undertake transactions on the internet that would otherwise not be possible for them. To that end, they pragmatically enable the use of Bitcoin, stablecoins, and a limited number of altcoins.
The argument in favour of their strategy is compelling. Not everyone will respond to ideological arguments in favour of Bitcoin. Whilst there are many who will get drawn in by Bitcoin’s compelling theoretical roots, there are many others who are more concerned with prosaic day-to-day concerns. To maximise efforts to increase adoption we, therefore, need to appeal to a range of visions for Bitcoin. One important vision is focused on Bitcoin’s dry technical utilities.
In our discussion, Sergej refers to the increase in the use of the internet and other technologies such as VPN. The widespread growth in the use of such technologies occurs as a result of a practical benefit being provided to users, not because adopters are seeking to mitigate a certain political or ethical concern. That’s not to say that selling Bitcoin as freedom money isn’t critical. Rather, we need to augment it with other strategies.
Max Hillebrand is an economist and open-source entrepreneur who runs Agora Towards Liberty. In this interview, we discuss fiat money’s fundamental weaknesses, the teachings of Austrian Economics, the importance of privacy, and how nano cameras mean privacy technology will need to keep evolving.
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Whilst the Bitcoin innovation was primarily predicated on the technical needs for enabling permissionless and uncensorable digital peer-to-peer transactions, its development was heavily influenced by the Austrian school of economics. At its root, Bitcoin is tied to the ethics of money production, where money production should be decentralized and not subject to the whims of a central authority.
The long-held fear of Austrian economists was that centralized control of money production would result in monetary inflation: governments would be unable to resist the temptation to print money as quick fixes to crises. This obviously impacts the value of the money being inflated, violating one of the core principles of money to be a reliable store of value. The problem for governments, as we’re seeing, is that the power to print money becomes an uncontrollable force.
Despite the inevitable fragility of fiat currencies, an alternative sound monetary system can hasten the collapse of fiat currencies during periods of loose monetary policy. This incentivises governments to constrain or ban access to such alternatives. See Executive Order 6102. This means that privacy for such alternatives is paramount. This is why Bitcoin privacy is vital. Because, when fiat currencies collapse, governments will come for people’s Bitcoin.
Trey Walsh is a nonprofit director and progressive Bitcoiner. In this interview, we discuss the problems facing Gen Z: climate change, high education and housing costs, wider economic problems constraining opportunities, the erosion of democracy, and social media-induced mental health challenges. We talk about why Bitcoin could provide hope to this hopeless generation.
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Gen Z is suffering. They have been excluded from the growth in asset prices over the past few decades, but are facing the dire consequences of spiralling debt on the provision of public services. They are being excluded from discussions about climate change, yet they will be expected to front the response in the coming decades.
They are being told they are too woke, ignorant and lazy by those under whose watch democracy has been allowed to crumble. And whilst there is a dearth of ethical and inspiring leaders charting a path for this disillusioned generation, there is a significant amount of vitriolic noise in the media, exploiting the fear in return for eyeballs, clicks and likes.
Gen Z’s hopelessness is manifesting itself in a mental health crisis: compared to other generations Gen Z has lower feelings of emotional well-being. The response of older generations is that Gen Z-ers are snowflakes - they need to toughen up. This is cruelly counterproductive as Gen Z is least likely to seek help: they are 3 times more likely to consider suicide than other generations.
Into this void of despair comes Bitcoin. There has been a timely reappraisal of the “Bitcoin fixes this” meme over the past year. Obviously, Bitcoin is not a panacea for all of the world's ills. But, it is a technology that is providing hope to those developing material mitigations to some of the most deep-rooted problems in our society.
Trey Walsh strongly believes that Bitcoin provides hope for the environment, for a more socially-just economic system and for democracy. It offers this as politicians and decision-makers continue to peddle obvious self-serving fantasies. As Trey asserts, “Gen Z deserves the opportunity to be presented with the stories of hope in Bitcoin.” This is why we should be working for Bitcoin: it provides “hope for a generation found hopeless.”
Doomberg is an anonymous collective producing the world’s most popular financial substack. In this interview, we discuss coordinated action against the crypto industry being undertaken with limited congressional approval or oversight. We talk about historical precedents, what this could mean for Bitcoin and Bitcoiners, and why we need a financial bill of rights.
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Mark Twain once said that “History never repeats itself, but it does often rhyme.” Therefore, Bitcoiners should be extremely wary of the recent precedents of a ruling US administration being willing to de-bank business verticals antithetical to certain political beliefs. In 2011, the Obama administration targeted selected online poker businesses. In 2013, the same administration used the DoJ to lean on banks doing business with firearm dealers and payday lenders.
The problem is simple: a legitimate business and/or technology is kneecapped by a ruling body for subjective political reasons. Public-private institutions, such as banks, are lent on to hamper the functioning of businesses earmarked as being problematic. The fundamental issue is the methods applied are anti-democratic. There is no open debate or examination. A decision is made behind closed doors, and people, institutions and businesses are pressured to comply.
We are currently witnessing coordinated illiberal action against crypto-aligned companies. The intent is clear. Yet, there has been no debate. And whilst Bitcoiners may gain comfort from the actions being taken against crypto, the problem is politicians haven’t revealed their full intentions yet. It is highly likely that Bitcoin is also in their crosshairs. As Doomberg asserts “eventually they'll come for your Bitcoin too.”
What this lays bare is the willingness of those in control to de-bank perceived enemies. De-banking at face value may seem like an annoyance, but it actually strips an individual of agency. A person without access to the financial system is effectively neutered. It is a malevolent, silent and effective means of control. And, the methods applied a decade ago are being reapplied to control first crypto, and then Bitcoin. Be aware, be prepared, and raise hell.
Caitlin Long is the Founder and CEO of Custodia bank. In this interview, we discuss the events that have led to three banking failures within a week, one of which saw the biggest bank run on record. We talk about anti-crypto coordination involving the US government, the inherent instability of the traditional finance system and how this is another signal that the game is up.
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As the saying goes, to lose one bank may be regarded as a misfortune, to lose two banks looks like carelessness. How should we regard the loss of three banks within a week? To the uninitiated, this may look like a contagion, but it’s the impacts of two different systemic problems affecting two different markets: crypto and fiat. What it lays bare is the hypocrisy and instability of the traditional financial system.
The failures of Silvergate and Signature are rooted in the 2022 implosion in crypto. Precipitated by the collapse of Luna, we all know what followed: a nest of over-leveraged, hypothecated and fraudulent investments that fell like a house of cards. Who knows when it will end. Regardless, more recent failures seem to have been expedited by coordinated government action.
The obvious signal from the levers of power is that crypto is bad, and traditional finance is good. But what should have been an opportunity for the government to present the perceived weaknesses within digital asset markets, was significantly undercut by the biggest bank run in history: Silicon Valley Bank’s customers were withdrawing more than $1 million per second for 10 hours straight a little over a week ago.
The sorry mess is actually a clear vindication of Bitcoiners' assertions that both crypto and fiat are both fundamentally unstable. The search for yield is endemic. The management of risk is too often criminally deficient. The argument is that narrow banking (full reserve banking) will suck deposits from risky banks, making risky banks even riskier, increasing systemic risk.
However, the system is becoming increasingly dysfunctional. Moral hazard seems endemic. Increasingly large bailouts are being used to keep the game going. The aim is to maintain the illusion that the financial system is stable. It is anything but, and everyone knows it. We’re entering a period on unknown risks. The time to change the rules of the game has long passed.
Dan Held is a Bitcoin educator and marketing advisor at Trust Machines. In this interview, we discuss how to get involved with Bitcoin: how to buy and store Bitcoin, how to spend Bitcoin, how to avoid scams, how to engage with the community, and the best Bitcoin-related books, podcasts and Twitter feeds to follow.
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This is the third in a series of special What Bitcoin Did shows aimed at opening people up to Bitcoin. In the first episode, we learnt that Bitcoin is a new form of money. In the second episode, were learnt what Bitcoin is and its technical features. In this episode, we discuss how to buy and hold Bitcoin.
To those new to Bitcoin it can feel overwhelming. Its ideological and technical basis can seem impenetrable. Actually acquiring Bitcoin is another hurdle that requires an appreciation of new concepts and implementing disciplines distinct from other types of investment. But, the technical skills and behaviours required are actually well within the capabilities of the majority of people.
To invest one must first learn about changing your time preference. Bitcoin is about discipline over a longer time frame. Volatility exists, but Bitcoin is volatile to the upside. In contrast, other over-hyped digital assets advertised as offering better returns hide extreme downside risks. Those who stay humble, hold (referred to as hodl) Bitcoin and avoid the human desire for quick returns, are best placed to benefit over the long term.
Then one must appreciate the risks associated with custody. Most people are overly confident in third parties keeping their assets. But, in both traditional finance and cryptocurrencies, there are many examples of such trust being broken. There is a famous Bitcoin mantra: “not your keys, not your coins”. In essence, if you don’t hold your Bitcoin, you don’t own the Bitcoin.
Taking ownership of your Bitcoin means having to be disciplined in how you secure that Bitcoin. But again, these are new behaviours to attain, not difficult skills to learn. And they are reinforcing. Self-reliance is what Bitcoin ideology is predicated on. It is part and parcel of becoming a good Bitcoiner. Further, these habits will naturally bleed into other aspects of your life. Becoming a better Bitcoiner is synonymous with becoming a better person.
Harry Sudock is Chief Strategy Officer at Griid. In this interview, we discuss what Bitcoin is: specifically, on what ideological foundation was it developed, what problem was it designed to solve, how it solves that problem, and why is it the best technical solution for solving that problem. It’s a tl;dr of the basic technical features underpinning Bitcoin.
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This is the second in a series of special What Bitcoin Did shows aimed at opening people up to Bitcoin. In the first episode, we learnt that Bitcoin is a new form of money. In this episode, we discuss what functions Bitcoin performs, which differentiates it from other forms of money. We then discuss the technical innovations that enable it to achieve these functions. In essence, this show focuses on what Bitcoin is.
Bitcoin is rooted in the cypherpunk movement that developed in the late 1980s centred on the US. As digital technology started to proliferate, its capacity to track and record digital activity became readily apparent. Concerned computer scientists, mathematicians and cryptographers acted to develop systems aimed at protecting individual privacy, despite a concerted government that sought to control the development of privacy-providing technology.
The cypherpunks movement included extensive work by many to develop anonymous digital cash. But, despite some incredible breakthroughs, none of these efforts had any material success. It was not until the pseudonymous Satoshi Nakamoto brought numerous strands of all this work together that a viable anonymous and uncensorable digital currency was born.
The innovation centres on four key pillars: a clear and immutable monetary policy ensuing both scarcity and transparency; a proof of work consensus mechanism that provides decentralised security to the system; a difficulty adjustment, which ensures the issuance rate is highly predictable; and finally, its design considerations aimed at prioritising decentralisation.
To the uninitiated, these four key pillars may seem as merely interesting innovations. But, once comprehended, the effectiveness and elegance of Bitcoin’s design is truly breathtaking. The software has worked, day in and day out, for over 14 years, without being hacked. And, it’s all without a leader, or a clearing house, or a central committee dictating policy. Quick, uncensorable and private global settlement. By open-source code. Satoshi Nakamoto is the genius of our times.
American HODL is a Bitcoiner who has been promoting the innovation for over 8 years. In this interview, we discuss why is Bitcoin important: what makes it an improved version of money, why society needs it, how it improves inclusion and thereby the world, the proof we have that Bitcoin can work, and how the world will look in the future with and without Bitcoin.
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This is the first in a series of special What Bitcoin Did shows aimed at opening people to the basic principles that underpin Satoshi Nakamoto’s innovation. Bitcoin has been in existence for 14 years. Whilst the adoption rate is tracking other paradigm-shifting technologies like the internet, we are still very early. Most people still don’t own Bitcoin. And, for those that do, a lot are still to fully properly grasp its properties and potential, and therefore understand why it’s important.
The majority of people are yet to comprehend Bitcoin’s capacity to better individuals and the world for a number of reasons. It is an innovation rivalling the disruptive power of any technology that has come before it. Those who grasp it are still in awe of its elegant and revolutionary design. But, because it risks upending the balance of power between individuals and the state, it rarely gets a fair representation in the mainstream media.
Further, Bitcoin touches on many fundamental tenets of modern society. Firstly, it is a new form of money, purposefully outside of the scope of centralized control. So, to understand Bitcoin, one must understand the principles of money and trade. Secondly, it has been developed to account for the manifest risks of increased surveillance of individuals in the electronic age. So, to understand Bitcoin, one must understand why privacy is the bedrock of democracy.
Bitcoin also requires an appreciation of cryptography, the internet, game theory, economics, politics, philosophy, and energy. It’s the analogy of peeling an onion, where awareness at one level enables the next layer to be peeled away revealing hidden characteristics. Someone on this journey of discovery is said to be going down the Bitcoin rabbit hole. It takes time and effort.
Those embedded within the Bitcoin community know that understanding Bitcoin is a process. But further, they know the profound awakening that comes to those who open themselves to it. The period of time before you properly understood Bitcoin will be manifestly distinct from the period of time after. This is when the hyperbole from those advocating for Bitcoin suddenly seems understated. Asking why Bitcoin is important is the start of that journey.
Thomas Pacchia is a Bitcoin entrepreneur and the co-owner of Pubkey, a Bitcoin bar in New York City. In this interview, we discuss how a desire to revive a local bar after Covid inspired the establishment of Pubkey, its importance as a focal point for Bitcoin in New York City, and how its success could inspire more Pubkeys in more cities.
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The leisure industry has taken a battering during Covid, and many businesses have fallen by the wayside. These places are hugely undervalued: bars in particular are relaxed locations that can cement neighbourhoods, providing spaces for people to interact outside of the pressures of work and family. And once they’re gone, that’s usually it.
However, bars don’t only work for localised communities, they can act as a haven for disparate communities bonded by a shared passion, heritage or sexual orientation. Heavy metal bars, sports bars, Irish bars, gay bars: these can be vital meeting places for those seeking like-minded people, particularly in an atomised international city. Well, now you can add Bitcoin bar to the list.
Whilst many of us were slowly trying to make sense of the post-Covid world, Thomas and his wife decided to be the change they wanted to see. They saw a chance to take on a local dive bar and create a haven for Bitcoiners in New York. In a few short months, they have turned that pipe dream into a reality. It is now the go-to venue for Bitcoiners in the Big Apple.
Built from the principle that it must first and foremost win its reputation for service, food and ambience, it has also forged a strong and unique Bitcoin-centred character. It hosts regular BitDevs, mining and Lightning meetups. It also hosts events such as live podcast shows! As a result, it has become a very popular haunt. And there are plans for other Pubkeys in other cities.
So, what’s the secret sauce? As a regular punter put it in a recent Bloomberg article about Pubkey “I like drinking and I like Bitcoin”. Simples.
George Kaloudis is a senior research analyst and columnist for CoinDesk. In this interview, we discuss the validity of Bitcoin ideology. Can it replace governments? Does it promote individualism? Is Bitcoin’s distribution fair? Can Bitcoin fix the world? We unpick popular Bitcoin maxims to sift genuine slogans of change from the hyperbolic froth.
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Bitcoin maxims are powerful, persuasive and effective: “vires in numeris”, “don’t trust, verify”, “not your keys, not your coins”. These slogans have been the maximalist rallying cries used to champion and defend sound investment principles through many cycles. They have been, are, and will continue to be the bedrock supporting Bitcoin’s ongoing resilience. Meme theory works.
However, there are some maximalist mantras that are counterproductive. The “Bitcoin fixes this” slogan is perhaps the one that is more lazily applied than any other. Bitcoiners know that the genius of its design is that it can rectify long-standing weaknesses within the current fiat system. It can make banking fairer for all. Bitcoin, therefore, has the power to fix a lot within our society. But, it does not fix everything. Far from it.
The problem is that “Bitcoin fixes this” has been applied to all manner of issues, which are manifestly not fixed by the presence of Bitcoin. This causes the power of the original slogan to wane, and, calls people to question the validity of other maximalist propositions. Rather than act as an effective rallying cry, this slogan has become a signpost of hyperbolic froth.
It is therefore productive to go back to first principles and query what it is that Bitcoin actually fixes, or, helps to fix. And then, question the other assumptions that people make about Bitcoin. Whilst Bitcoin has tremendous potential to help create a new and fairer system, real change still requires human agency. Bitcoin will fix very little unless we all learn to work, interact and collaborate in new and sustainable ways. Bitcoin helps us fix this.
Lyn Alden is a macroeconomist and investment strategist. In this interview, we discuss her latest article: How the Fed “Went Broke”. Lyn explains how for the first time in modern history the Federal Reserve is operating at a loss. We talk about the ramifications in terms of continuing high inflation, the bankruptcy of government agencies, and the impacts on the Fed’s independence.
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Bitcoin was born when the global economic machine was showing signs of a terminal illness. Since then, governments around the world are trying to keep the system alive, using measures that will in fact hasten its demise. Due to misaligned political incentives, greed and ignorance, the world’s economy is now entering an unprecedented period of serious economic trauma.
Government bailouts are not new. Alexander Hamilton in 1792 used federal funds to prevent the collapse of the securities market. However, it was the use of Quantitative Easing (QE) to prop up the financial system during the Global Financial Crisis (GFC) when the Rubicon was crossed. The Fed bought over $2 trillion of commercial bank assets in 2008/9, paid for through an increase in the monetary base.
The main problem with the GFC was governments became tolerant of the new drug of choice: QE leading to an erosion of market discipline. QE3 started in late 2012, was nicknamed “QE infinity”. It result in $4.5 trillion of commercial bank assets being bought by the Fed. QE4, in response to the Covid pandemic, resulted in the Fed purchasing another $2 trillion of assets.
Since 2008, the monetary base in the US has increased by 750%. The inevitable result is inflation. The response by central banks is to increase interest rates, a tool that doesn't apply to the problem at hand: unsustainable levels of debt. Higher interest affects the cost of their liabilities, such that they are now, for the first time ever, in negative equity. They are “broke”.
What the markets know but politicians aren’t willing to accept is that this is a new paradigm. The UK Prime Minister Liz Truss was ousted after only 49 days when markets decided unfunded tax cuts with debt to GDP over 100% were irresponsible. The growing realisation is that budget deficits need to be cut. Smaller governments are likely whether people want them or not.
Junseth is an OG Bitcoiner and the former co-host of Bitcoin Uncensored. In this live interview, recorded at Pubkey in New York, we discuss the latest Bitcoin phenomenon - ordinals. We also talk about the philosophy of Bitcoin: what it’s for, what it can be, and how it’s still the only blockchain that adds value to society.
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This was the second ever live What Bitcoin Did show, hosted at the excellent Pubkey in New York City. And, for a live show, we needed a combination of an OG Bitcoiner, with strong opinions, who could sing…luckily Junseth was available!
Junseth is obviously a Bitcoiner who’s happy to tackle hot topics. So we began by discussing the good and the bad of ordinals: it has certainly strengthened Bitcoin in terms of node usage and transaction fees, but are inscriptions the best use of the blockchain? And, as Junseth espouses, should we get too concerned about tests of Bitcoin’s anti-fragility?
Further, we talked about what, for an OG, Bitcoin represents both today and in the future. Can Bitcoin fix everything? If not, what is Bitcoin’s lane or lanes? How early are we? Why people need to shitcoin before finding Bitcoin is the only blockchain. How it strengthens American democracy. And what it will take for Bitcoin to change the world.
Finally, Junseth took some excellent questions from the crowd. He covered economic degeneracy, Bitcoin’s limitations, how Bitcoin supports democracy and American values, and whether we should be hodling or spending Bitcoin. He would have given us golden material on every subject under the sun if we’d had the time!
We were very grateful to have a sell-out and supportive crowd, and thanks again to our amazing hosts Pubkey! It’s been a long time since we did a live event, but there will definitely be more to come this year. In fact, we have 2 shows scheduled: in Bedford on April 14th and in Miami on May 17th.
Eric Yakes is the author of ‘The 7th Property’. In this interview, we discuss how a Bitcoin native banking system could evolve, predicated on a practical vision where not everyone will be able or willing to self-custody. Eric has theorised how Fedimints may form the basis for a new digital age of free banking, and the risks and opportunities this would present.
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As Bitcoin is a new form of money, then it stands to reason that it could become the basis for a new global monetary system. Yet, it is not a certainty that this will happen. And how it may manifest is far from settled. Eric Yakes is one of the leading thinkers on this topic. His ideas around how Bitcoin banking may develop are evolving to respect the central tenets of Bitcoin’s ideology, whilst making pragmatic allowances for real-world constraints.
The principal issue for Bitcoin banking is the provision of custody. 2022 gave everyone clear grounds to promote cold storage. However, with widescale adoption, there will still be significant demand for third-party custody solutions. Therefore, one must consider which custody solutions maximise trust. Fedimint provides such an alternative where trust is federated, with the intention that this federation is a known community.
Fedimint is not only a custody solution, it is also a means for issuing value. A Fedimint can issue Ecash against the held Bitcoin. This Ecash acts as a bearer instrument that can be stored on mobile phones, with the privacy characteristics of physical cash. Ecash could also be transferred via the Lightning Network. This opens up the possibility of a quantum of decentralized federations developing and operating akin to the free banking era of the 19th century.
There are issues. Third-party custody in any form involves risk. There will be occasions when trust is broken, Bitcoin is lost and innocent people are affected. There are also risks associated with a rise in fractional reserve banking, and questions over the issuance of credit through such systems. However, as Eric Yakes asserts, if Bitcoin is to be more than Gold 2.0 and become the basis for a global monetary system, then these are risks that need to be faced.
Rob Hamilton is a co-founder and the CEO of AnchorWatch. In this interview, we discuss ordinals and ordinal inscriptions: what they are, how they work, what risks and benefits do they present to Bitcoin, how would we mitigate negative impacts, and how the rest of the ecosystem is responding.
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Bitcoin’s use cases grow every year. A new version of money. An international payments rail. A tool to build out stranded energy, mitigate methane emissions and stabilise energy grids. And now, a decentralized immutable repository for images, audio, video and code. Ordinal inscriptions have been popularised as Bitcoin’s answer to NFTs, but that framing significantly underplays the opportunities and threats of this burgeoning functionality.
Ordinal inscriptions have been made possible via a series of Bitcoin upgrades going back to SegWit, and additional software, the Ordinal protocol, developed by Bitcoiner Casey Rodarmor. Rodarmor’s motivation was to make Bitcoin fun. But it has sparked a fierce debate about the nature and purpose of Bitcoin. In short, if Bitcoin is the new version of money, should all other uses that impact this primary use case be excised?
Philosophically, can a decentralized anarchic system without a fixed mission statement have rules of use beyond what is technically possible? Or, does the hard-won trajectory for Bitcoin that emerged from the blocksize wars set a clear enough ideology of what Bitcoin is and isn’t? Whilst technically, what can actually be done to counter the ordinal impact? Will this require another fork, or are there softer mitigations? And what will be the cost to the network of such changes?
The flip side to this debate is the positive impact ordinal inscriptions are having on Bitcoin transactions. Miners are at last seeing a use case that is, at last, bringing value to transaction verification. Whilst it is leading to questions about the blockchain being bloated is this actually a good thing in that it accelerates the market determination of true transaction value on the base layer?
Whatever the outcome will be, such discourse is a natural consequence of having a decentralized network without any rulers. Vigorous and healthy debates have galvanised and strengthened the Bitcoin protocol since its inception. Long may it continue.
Michael Sonnenshein is the CEO of Grayscale. In this interview, we discuss Grayscale’s lawsuit with the SEC, Genesis’s lending practices and bankruptcy, GBTC and the intercompany relationships at DCG.
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The Grayscale Bitcoin Trust (GBTC) brought institutional investment into Bitcoin and helped Bitcoin to mature. Launched in 2013, as a subsidiary of the Digital Currency Group (DCG), it was devised as an official means of gaining exposure to Bitcoin for high-net-worth entities. Many, including Grayscale, have sought to provide a spot price ETF, but, in the absence of SEC approval, GBTC has served as an attractive alternative investment vehicle. In November 2021, GBTC had over $43 billion AUM.
GBTC is one of many funds Grayscale provides covering a plethora of digital assets, including Ethereum, Solana, Zcash and Bitcoin Cash. However, GBTC is the most dominant: at this moment GBTC represents nearly 75% of Grayscale's total AUM. With its 2% annual fee based on Bitcoin’s spot price, GBTC is a valuable part of Grayscale and DCG's portfolio. At the current Bitcoin price, GBTC commands approximately $420m in fees.
Grayscale is currently dealing with some major issues. Since early 2021 GBTC has been trading below its net asset value (NAV). This discount is currently hovering around all-time lows at 46%. GBTC holders cannot redeem their shares for the underlying asset. They have to sell their shares in an open market and shoulder this discount. Those not forced to sell feel effectively trapped.
Grayscale is subject to a number of investor lawsuits, and an activist campaign seeking to unseat Grayscale as the manager of GBTC. Concurrently, Grayscale is suing the SEC over the latter's refusal to convert GBTC into an ETF. The mechanisms of an ETF allow for arbitrage trading keeping the share price aligned with NAV. This is Grayscale’s strategy for reducing the current GBTC discount.
Grayscale has also been caught up in the bankruptcy of the crypto lending firm Genesis, another subsidiary of DCG. According to a Financial Times report, DCG is selling shares in Grayscale funds, “at a steep discount” to pay back Genesis creditors. There are more fundamental questions about the role of Genesis’s lending. According to Bitcoinist, the failed hedge fund Three Arrows Capital took a $2.36 billion loan from Genesis backed by 17 million GBTC shares.
Amanda Cavaleri is a Bitcoin entrepreneur and board member of the Bitcoin Today Coalition. In this wide-ranging interview, we discuss the upcoming Bitcoin Ski Summit Amanda is organizing, how Bitcoin can help the United States, whether Bitcoin should be radical or conservative, the importance of values in Bitcoin culture, and the promise of Nostr.
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Amanda Cavaleri is a long-time friend of the show, and one of the most genuine and hard-working people within Bitcoin. Amanda has numerous interests across Bitcoin, from investments to mining, from advocacy to education. As a veteran Bitcoiner, Amanda is able to have a wider perspective on the important value Bitcoin brings to society beyond its immediate investment potential.
We discussed the unremitting importance of Bitcoin to privacy, and of privacy to democracy. With the rise of China, having a tool outside of the purview of the state is becoming increasingly important. Furthermore, Bitcoin has the potential to support global economic growth as we transition from the dollar as a reserve currency: Bitcoin has the potential to be neutral global money that can enable efficient cross-border payments in an increasingly multipolar world.
We talked about despite Bitcoin being an apolitical tool, there is significant work required to get it to resonate within the Washington bubble. Amanda set out the educational work, network building and soft permeation of DC being undertaken by the Bitcoin Today Coalition. This is a slow but vital advocacy process needed to lessen the risk Bitcoin’s development within the United States is kneecapped by ignorant legislators.
Finally, we covered the importance of Bitcoin’s culture. Whilst ‘number goes up’ worked to gain rapid interest over previous cycles, a values-based ideology is showing itself to be critical in both widening Bitcoin adoption and defending against attacks. But culture obviously affects the internal workings of Bitcoin as much as its presentation externally. Therefore, the current debate around how radical Bitcoin should be may perhaps become a significant area of debate in the next year.
Ben Prentice is a producer of What Bitcoin Did and co-creator of WTFhappenedin1971.com. In this interview, we discuss ‘Economics in One Lesson’, the seminal work by Henry Hazlitt. It’s as relevant today as it was when it was first published in 1946. We also talk through the disruptive force of AI, and, of course, we cover Bitcoin.
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Henry Hazlitt was an American journalist who reported on economics and business between 1913 and 1969 for publications such as the Wall Street Journal, Newsweek and the New York Times. He is credited with introducing the ideas of Austrian economics to the English speaking world. But his legacy was burnished through his 1946 book ‘Economics in One Lesson’.
Hazlitt’s ideas have been acknowledged as being foundational in the development of neocolonialism in the United States. ‘Economics in One Lesson’ has been praised since its publication by numerous prominent economists opposing Keynesian economics. But it was it’s impact on decision makers such as Ronald Reagan that set it apart from other works. And it is still having an impact today.
Hazlitt’s book has resonated with different audiences for over 75 years because it developed arguments that have remained timeless. Two central ideas have as much relevance today as they did in 1946: firstly, policymakers underestimate the cause and long-term effect of policy decisions; secondly, many economic beliefs are based on logical fallacies. It is a work that strips away the complexity of economics to explain it in clear and recognizable terms.
The question should therefore be why we live in a world that seems to be making the same mistakes that formed the basis of Hazlitt’s original work. Part of this is because the underlying monetary system is inherently weak. But, it is also because decision-makers, either through ignorance or arrogance, believe that they can allocate capital better than the market. This is why Hazlitt’s work remains important: we must remember the past or be condemned to repeat it.
Lee Bratcher is President of the Texas Blockchain Council. In this interview, we discuss the important work of the Texas Blockchain Council in educating decision-makers and providing a link to Bitcoin businesses, which has helped Texas to become a global leader in Bitcoin. We also talk about the risks of introducing any form of CBDC.
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Texas has become the US’s home of Bitcoin, maybe the global home of Bitcoin. A state whose motto is friendship has extended its hand to those seeking to mine and develop Bitcoin. Why is this? Texans are independent, hard-working, freedom-loving people. As our guest Lee Bratcher states on the show: “The ethos of Texas just matches up with the ethos of Bitcoin.”
But, there is a more pragmatic reason why this has happened: Texas’s economic history shows a state that embraces opportunity. And with Bitcoin mining, we are seeing perhaps one of the biggest opportunities to present itself to energy grids. Governments across the world are seeking to transition to more renewable and volatile energy sources. And, as we have seen, Bitcoin mining provides a range of tools to help grids in this transition.
Texas’s grid operator, ERCOT, has embraced Bitcoin mining, and as such, it is reaping the benefits. Bitcoin mining is making the Texas grid more resilient to peak demands, it is facilitating the build-out of stranded energy sources, and could potentially help keep energy prices low. A welcoming regulatory landscape and collaborative approach to planning are resulting in Texas working towards being the home for 20-25% of the global hashrate.
But, Texas has not woken up to the utility of Bitcoin mining on its own. The fact the state has a dedicated Bitcoin advocacy group is a critical factor in this story. The Texas Blockchain Council was set up to make Texas the jurisdiction of choice for Bitcoin. To that end, it educates lawmakers, acts as a conduit between the state and Bitcoin companies, and actively defends Bitcoin against attacks from senators in DC. It’s another inspiring and motivating Bitcoin story.
Troy Cross is a Professor of Philosopher and Fellow at BPI, & Shaun Connell is Executive VP of Power at Lancium & energy trading expert. In this interview, we discuss the evolution of the Bitcoin mining and energy debate: how Bitcoin mining has weathered the storm of FUD over its energy usage to become a tool that fixes an ever-increasing number of energy-related issues.
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Roy Sheinfeld, CEO of Breez, last week used the following analogy to highlight expanding knowledge of the Lightning Network’s application: "The first industrial use of steam engines was to pump water out of mines, but nobody talks about that because the engines were stationary and hidden in the dark. Three generations later, inventors started adding wheels to the engines. Setting that power free and bringing it into the light made everyone take notice, and that’s when steam changed everything."
The same applies to the whole Bitcoin ecosystem, particularly in relation to Bitcoin mining. Since 2019, there has been a growing realisation that Bitcoin provides a multitude of benefits to producers, operators and consumers of energy. There are also an increasing number of ancillary applications being realised in other areas. So, is it time for Bitcoiners to become more emboldened in their advocacy of Bitcoin mining?
There’s an available body of evidence showing the important role that Bitcoin mining is playing in supporting Texas’s energy grid. It is right to state that some of the resultant conclusions seem counterintuitive i.e. how can an energy user assist with energy supply? However, it merely takes an open mind, a willingness to question, and a capacity to learn, to realise that Bitcoin mining provides an important societal good.
Paradigm shifts are always met with suspicion. The issue is we’re on the right side of history. Therefore, should we use someone's views on Bitcoin mining as a test of their intelligence and humility? Is it time to be more assertive in responding to those who refuse to believe their eyes and ears? After all, they are the ones who refuse to be humble.
Sam Wouters is a Research Analyst at River Financial. In this interview, we discuss Bitcoin’s hash rate: what it is, the factors affecting its growth, what this means for Bitcoin’s security budget, and what this means for Bitcoin’s energy needs. In short, there is a symbiotic relationship between expanding Bitcoin’s real-world utility and securing the blockchain.
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Proof of Work is Bitcoin’s central innovation: the development of a process that through game theory keep the network honest, and provides security from outside attack. It enabled a global store of value that does not need centralised armoured physical vaults for security. However, the process of hashing that enables PoW requires large amounts of power, and, with the halving mechanism, requires an increase in Bitcoin’s price, transaction fees, or both, to maintain equivalent network security spending.
Bitcoin’s energy debate in 2022 was completely realigned: rather than being an attack vector for opponents, Bitcoin mining’s energy use has developed into a marketable attribute. Mega miners have sought new revenue streams and cheaper energy which has resulted in huge innovation in the industry. There is a growing realisation that Bitcoin’s utility is a powerful tool in supporting the energy transition and mitigating climate change.
This means that we are potentially entering a paradigm, where knowledgeable decision-makers desire an increase in hash rate to satisfy other needs. But, there is a long list of variables affecting this: Bitcoin’s price, base layer transaction demand, ASIC supply chains, ASIC efficiency, and domestic and international political pressures. This means there is a range of possible forecasts.
Irrespective of the potential future drivers that can influence Bitcoin’s hash rate, fundamentally the issue is that the hash rate must continue to grow. It is Bitcoin’s security budget that is of primary importance. All other demands fall away in this respect. Bitcoin’s adoption, use and price are all critical in relation to this. As are the efficiency gains in mining rigs. If people want to use Bitcoin mining for other purposes they need to be cognizant of these issues.
Jason Brett is a former FDIC regulator who worked through the 2008 Global Financial Crisis. In this interview, we discuss the events that led up to the 2008 GFC, the implosion of IndyMac & subsequent bank-run and what to expect from regulators following the crypto contagion of 2022.
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In 2008, the Global Financial Crisis brought the economic world to its knees. The crisis was triggered by a combination of factors, including the subprime mortgage crisis, the failure of large financial institutions, and some outright systemic corruption. One of the most notable events during the GFC was the bank run on IndyMac, an institution that failed due to a lack of confidence among its depositors. This event was a clear sign that the financial system was in trouble, leading to calls for greater banking industry regulation.
In response to the GFC, governments around the world implemented a range of regulations. These included increased capital requirements, restrictions on risky lending practices, and increased scrutiny of financial institutions. These regulations aimed to make the financial system more robust and reduce the risk of another crisis.
It's easy to draw parallels to the ‘crypto’ market in 2022. Luna, 3AC, Celcius and FTX all failed because of their lack of adequate risk management, sketchy lending practices, and some out-and-out fraud. Calling into question concerns about the stability and legitimacy of the crypto industry and, unfortunately, dragging bitcoin into this discussion.
While we may see Bitcoin as totally separate to 'crypto', lawmakers and decision-makers do not, and in the fallout from the crypto contagion, we may see draconian regulations impact us going forwards. So what can we learn from the GFC in 2008, and the regulation that may affect us in 2023?
Harry Sudock is Chief Strategy Officer at Griid. In this interview, we discuss a range of narratives evolving in 2023: how Bitcoin’s value is to be explained to newbs, making sense of the general paranoia in society, the critical importance of nuclear energy, and making sense of 2022’s financial contagion within crypto.
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2022 was a heck of a year, the impact of which is still being felt into the early part of 2023. However, as January turns to February, the focus is turning to what 2023 holds for Bitcoin and wider society. And who better to review the year to come than Harry Sudock.
We discuss the evolving narratives used to explain and advocate for Bitcoin. As the fatigue of dealing with 2022 diminishes, how are re-energised Bitcoiners to educate those who are financially and/or technically literate but lack a grounding in Bitcoin? What are the best arguments to use to explain Bitcoin in the US, where there is a less immediate need for its utility?
Further, how do we navigate the world around us? The social discourse is increasingly beset by paranoia and distrust. At the same time, there is a lot to distrust: lies and spin have become so ubiquitous and brazen that we are effectively being told to believe up is actually down. Is it any wonder that people see conspiracies where there are none?
Beyond creating a noisy and chaotic public square, the real problem is we’re unable to properly address society's most pressing issues. Take energy for example. The last few podcasts have shone a light on the myths and realities of nuclear energy. It is quite clear the obvious path to providing sustainable and abundant energy lies in supporting the development of nuclear infrastructure.
So, the path forward seems clear. 2023 needs an unrelenting focus on giving exposure to the truth, whilst calling out vested interests and virtue signalling. Nuance, pragmatism and veracity are the vital principles that have and will underpin all of What Bitcoin Did’s content. 2022 was about lies being exposed throughout crypto. Bitcoin in 2023 about its inherent truth.
Everett Redmond is a nuclear engineer working as the Senior Director of Fuel Affairs at Oklo. We discuss the enormous challenges and opportunities in renewing the US’s nuclear fleet over the next decade, Oklo’s development of fast nuclear reactors, and how such small modular nuclear reactors will soon become commonplace.
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Biden’s White House has embarked on an ambitious climate change policy: it plans to eliminate fossil fuels for energy production in the U.S. by 2035. But, as anyone who has knowledge of the energy grid knows, this can not be replaced by traditional renewable energy sources: wind and solar both have intermittency and geographic constraints, hydro is even more geographically limited, and biomass has a range of issues such as the scale of land required and emissions.
Whatever technology is used to produce sustainable energy in the future, it needs to provide a minimum level of base power that can enable human life to flourish in any and every location. Nuclear, despite the widespread fears, presents that opportunity: it is an extremely dense, reliable and effective power source. And yet, political pressure has resulted in the industry flatlining over the past few decades.
Nuclear provides 20% of the US’s energy needs. It has been like this for the past 20 years, over which time only 1 new reactor has been built. This lack of investment means the US nuclear fleet has an average age of over 41 years, the third oldest in the world. Experts realise nuclear needs to be central to Biden’s climate change ambitions. And yet, the renewal of the existing fleet represents a challenge in itself, before thinking about increasing capacity.
But there is a path forward: a new generation of fast nuclear reactors provides an opportunity to have modular designs, streamlining the build and planning process, and reducing costs and development timescales. Such reactors are designed to be inherently safe and can support a range of energy needs beyond just electricity production. Further, such reactors can use spent fuel and significantly limit the amount of waste produced. We are on the cusp of a nuclear future.
Anthony Jared is a 30-year Navy veteran and who has operated nuclear reactors on both nuclear submarines & aircraft carriers. In this interview, we discuss the truth about nuclear energy, the safety concerns and why there has been such a prolific anti-nuclear movement.
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Nuclear energy is a contentious issue. And yet…
In terms of death rates per unit of electricity production, accounting for accidents and conservative pollution assessments, nuclear energy is the second safest source of energy: solar has 0.02 deaths per TWh, nuclear 0.03, Oil 18.43, coal 24.62, and brown coal 32.72. This equates to someone dying prematurely as a result of nuclear every 33 years in a town of 150,000, whilst in the same town as a result of coal 25 people per year would die prematurely.
Nuclear is the cleanest energy source. Per GWh, nuclear produces 3 tonnes of greenhouse gases, solar 5 tonnes, natural gas 490 tonnes, oil 720 tonnes, and coal 820 tonnes.
Little nuclear waste is generated, particularly where waste is reprocessed: in France, less than 0.2 of the waste is high level. US Oak Ridge National Laboratory estimates coal-powered plants carry 100 times more radiation than nuclear power plants into the surrounding environment.
Further, nuclear has the potential to be the cheapest energy source. A cost comparison is complex: for every analysis stating nuclear is the most economical energy source, there’s a report stating the opposite. However, nuclear investment has dropped considerably. In 1979 234 reactors were under construction around the world. In 2022 there were 59. Innovation and economies of scale haven’t benefited nuclear. Rather, it’s been beset by increasing regulatory costs.
Why is nuclear energy a contentious issue and what is the truth?
Natalie Smolenski is an Executive Director of the Texas Bitcoin Foundation and a Fellow at the Bitcoin Policy Institute. In this interview, we discuss why America needs to be re-found. We talk about the self-destructive impacts of striving for supremacy, what the American project stands for, trying to build solidarity across the divide, and the importance of Bitcoin.
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The great irony of the twentieth century is that in winning the cold war America has lost its way. Far from the defeat of the Soviet Union being a stepping stone to cementing US hegemonic power, within a generation, we are seeing a fracturing of the global order and the decline of western liberal democracies. The importance of the American dream as a projection of soft power has waned.
In the face of a multi-polar world and a wave of significant issues that need urgent action, politicians are losing confidence in trying to win the battle of ideas. The race seems to be about winning the battle of technology without going bankrupt. Optimism and hope have been replaced by cold strategic pragmatism.
Endless wars have dulled Americans’ enthusiasm for being that shining city on the hill. But, is this myopic thinking? The long lens of history shows that the projection of America as a beacon of hope was through manifestations of the principles of liberty, equality and justice on which the country was founded. America became a magnet for the strivers of the world. Can it become so again?
What is clear is that prior to renewing its confidence as a global power that champions freedom, America needs to heal the domestic divides. A nation needs to be united internally if it is to thwart external threats. This means finding new ways to engage and identifying new leaders to take ideas forward. It also means embracing again the old ways of thinking: that America’s “glory is not dominion, but liberty.”
Michael Malice is an anarchist, author, and podcaster. In this interview, we discuss his latest book, The White Pill: A Tale of Good and Evil. It charts the rise and fall of Russia, its insidious evilness, how western intellectuals supported and justified the communist state from afar, and why it is impossible for those in the west to comprehend how pervasive a totalitarian regime can be.
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Ask anyone to name the evilest empires in history and it is highly unlikely that the Soviet Union will be anyone’s first suggestion. And yet, the regime is estimated to have killed 61 million people during the 20th century, most of them by Stalin. It is called democide, the mass murder of citizens by their own government, and the Soviets are history’s worst.
The killings of people throughout the Soviet empire took various forms but included executions, famine, forced labour, starvation, mass deportations and massacres. Human life was cheap, and nobody was immune from the wicked regime. And, in addition to the violence, the state employed an all-encompassing oppression of its citizens, involving surveillance, censorship, and fear.
The reality of the Russian Communist State was maintained well beyond the moment it should have ceased functioning, chiefly because everyone had been brainwashed, from workers to the leaders. That this fairytale was a sham couldn’t be hidden forever, and once the facade started to give it didn’t take long for the whole edifice to crumble away to dust.
So why has the evilness of the Soviet Union been downplayed in the west? There are many reasons, but an intellectual affinity for communist ideals is the root cause. Western intellectuals were often in favour of the Soviet Union and its goals of creating a socialist utopia, and many supported the idea of the state as a progressive force. This attitude was rife in the 1930s, but, it still has centres of support today.
That a massive country can rapidly change its governance structure, inflicting violence and fear on millions and millions of people, and maintain its position for decades despite corruption, abuses and stagnation, is a salient tale for us all. Notably, as many of the cultural elites defended the regime from afar, and, that this story has been largely forgotten.
Kale Hyder works in an investment bank. In this interview, we discuss how his life 7 years ago changed on a dime: a rare spinal inflammation led an aspiring high school basketball player to have to deal with becoming quadriplegic. We talk about the physical and mental rehabilitation, and how, with the help of others, he’s found direction, purpose and happiness.
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Think about what you’re going to be doing next week. Are you working or studying? Will you be engaging in hobbies? Do you have any household chores that need completing? What social plans do you have? We all plan for the future and accept it as a given, but that’s not always the case. For Kale Hyder, all of his future plans were wiped away overnight.
One week he was at high school, studying, playing basketball & planning for his future, the next, he was unable to move. Panic and disbelief led to a hospital visit and tests and a diagnosis: transverse myelitis. Spinal inflammation. And that was it, Kale was paralysed. Life changed. Forever.
Cases like Kyle’s are rare, and the causes aren’t properly understood, but it results in irreparable damage to nerves in the body’s communication highway. The damage Kale was left with was made worse by where the inflammation was in his body. Kale’s spinal cord swelled at the base of his neck, and he became a quadriplegic, he could no longer move any of his limbs.
In this fascinating discussion, we talk about the long process of treatment and rehabilitation, learning to redevelop basic skills, how the body adapts and reconfigures itself, and the need for mechanical aids to perform functions previously taken for granted. Kale also opens up about depression, frustration and resignation.
It’s a story about acceptance and finding new paths. It’s a story of realisation and insight. Happiness and fulfilment found in unexpected places. It is uplifting to hear such wisdom from someone who’s had to face the worst that life has to offer. It is a story that ends up with Bitcoin, but it is not a Bitcoin story.
Vivek Ramaswamy is an entrepreneur and author. In this interview, we discuss his thesis that social and political struggles are rooted in the rise of a managerial class dominating society at the expense of everyday citizens. We also talk about the need to revive a binding national identity, and how the social justice movement may be causing more harm than good.
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Public choice theory influenced a generation of conservatives around the world in the 1970s and 80s. In essence, the theory applied economic thinking to political behaviour. It undermined the notion of public interest: it was a nebulous irrelevance in relation to public policy as all individuals, including politicians and bureaucrats, work in their own self-interest.
What resulted was the development of a managerial class that would be incentivized to achieve specific aims through monetary rewards. This class has grown since the 1980s to now represent, in some people’s views, an oversized controlling force within society. However, their decision-making is increasingly outside of the purview and influence of ordinary citizens.
Vivek Ramaswamy believes this friction between managers and everyday people is at the root of the current social and political struggles within society. Exacerbating these tensions are increasing incidents of managers being coopted by elites to do their bidding, undermining constitutional norms. Vivek believes that we are now at a defining moment when the defining principles of political organisation need to be reviewed.
The ideals and principles of the United States, as laid out in the constitution, became a unifying force around which a vibrant national identity was developed. This, until very recently, facilitated and supported American hegemony. But, in short order, that binding sense of a united vision has been replaced by factionalised ideologies that threaten the viability of the American experiment.
The fundamental issue is that the notion of Americanism has been allowed to wither. Vivek believes that to combat China and meet the other great challenges of our age, America must find again a shared national identity that eclipses current partisan divisions. In essence, the US must retrace its steps before venturing forward.
Jameson Lopp is the co-founder & CTO of Casa. In this interview, we discuss why Casa has extended custody support to Ethereum, important security lessons from the Luke Dashir hack, Bitcoin security & inheritance planning, and how AI came of age in 2022 with the release of ChatGPT.
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Last year provided the most brutal examples of why “not your keys, not your coin” should be the first thing anyone new to the ecosystem learns. Dave Portney’s infamous tweet questioning where his Bitcoin was after FTX blew up, showed how generally unaware people are of the risks associated with exchanges, and the importance of custody in relation to ownership.
However, there are also those who quite reasonably need greater protection than that offered by a hardware wallet. There are many examples of people losing access to their Bitcoin held off-exchange. Further, the hacking of Luke Dashir’s security setup shows the risks of bespoke security solutions. This is where Casa comes in - providing multisig custody solutions for Bitcoin holders.
Casa has now extended its service provision to Ethereum. For Bitcoin maximalists this may be viewed as a red line having been crossed. For those who hold Bitcoin and Ethereum, this may provide a practical one-stop shop solution that convinces them to take their holdings (including Bitcoin) off exchanges. There are merits to both sides of the pragmatism versus maximalism argument, which is sure to continue to be debated throughout 2023.
And yet, history may relegate the significance of the collapses in crypto in 2022 behind last year's massive advances in AI technology. ChatGPT, in particular, has the potential to revolutionise the employment market: online customer services, copywriting, journalism, consulting, academia, computer programming… the disruption to white-collar workers could be unprecedented.
Despite being less than 2 months old, ChatGPT has led to a pervading wave of excitement and hysteria. It is a wake-up call of how technology can rapidly interrupt the assumed order within society. The issue is that it will be followed not only by advances in its own capabilities, but other technologies will follow in biotechnology, VR, nanotechnology etc. etc. etc. Are we on the edge of the greatest revolution to impact humans?
Travis Kling is the Chief Investment Officer at Ikigai. In this interview, we discuss being on the frontline of the FTX collapse: Ikigai had a large majority of its investment funds in FTX when it stopped withdrawals; Travis had a majority of his liquid net worth also stuck in the bankrupt company.
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2022 will be a defining moment for crypto. In November 2021, the total market valuation was approaching $3 trillion. By the middle of 2022 the market valuation was down to $800 million. UST had depegged in May and caused contagion to ripple through the market: in short order Celsius, 3AC and Voyager all filed for bankruptcy. And yet, the biggest shoe was yet to drop.
In January 2022 FTX was valued at $32 billion. The August/September issue of Fortune magazine compared FTX’s founder and CEO Sam Bankman-Fried (SBF) to Warren Buffet. Commentators, investors and media outlets likened SBF to JP Morgan as he bailed out struggling competitors. He’d been hosted by congressional committees in DC to help shape legislation multiple times. SBF was seemingly untouchable.
That all changed in November with a rapid fall. On November 2nd CoinDesk reported on concerning balance sheet issues at FTX’s sister company Alameda Research. On November 6th, Binance announced it would liquidate its entire holding of FTX’s FTT token. On November 7th a run on FTX began. On November 8th FTX halted withdrawals. Days later it filed for bankruptcy.
SBF was orchestrating a years-long fraud of epic proportions. Some in the industry had raised concerns, but many believed the hype. What Bitcoin Did did not have a relationship with FTX, but there are scenarios where that could have been different. Others did have relationships with FTX. For example Travis Kling, who had a large majority of his investment funds and personal liquid net worth stuck in FTX.
On November 14th Travis posted a Tweet thread: “I have some pretty bad news to share… I lost my investors’ money after they put faith in me to manage risk and I am truly sorry for that. I have publicly endorsed FTX many times and I am truly sorry for that. I was wrong.” This show goes through what happened and reflections on where we go from here. As this show goes live shortly after Genesis filed for bankruptcy, it’s obvious we’re still in the midst of this mess.
Erik Hersman is an entrepreneur and the co-founder of Gridless. In this interview, we discuss how half of all Africans are without access to electricity, the affordability issue affecting the rest who do have access, and how Gridless aims to alleviate this situation by helping to build out cheap sources of stranded renewable energy.
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Africa has an energy problem. It has been estimated that the continent has the potential to produce approximately 2.5 million terawatt hours of energy per year from solar and wind energy. To put that into context, the US uses around 4,000 terawatt hours of energy per year. And yet, approximately half of all Africans lack access to electricity. Furthermore, a large number of those with access struggle with the relatively high costs.
There are a multitude of reasons why this situation has been allowed to develop. But, despite the focus of major NGOs and developed nations, the issue is getting worse: whilst access to electricity is increasing around the world, it is declining in sub-Saharan Africa. And, without access to energy, any plans to improve Africa’s economic future will always be constrained.
While some have seen this as a tremendous challenge, others have recognised it as a tremendous opportunity. Whilst the issue of stranded renewable energy was being mitigated by Bitcoin mining, the costs for the associated equipment were prohibitively high. That was until last year when the problems that beset the mining industry in the US, opened the doors for those looking to harness the power of Bitcoin mining in Africa when the price of ASICs dropped sharply.
The thesis is simple: Bitcoin miners help subsidise the build-out of mini-grids, providing electricity to dispersed and remote communities. As supply and demand find an economic equilibrium, the Bitcoin miners can be redeployed and the process starts in a new location. It is a market-driven solution that provides a return to all stakeholders. The aim is to catalyse the electrification of Africa. It may result in Africa becoming a new home to Bitcoin miners.
Dr. Josh Hendrickson is an associate professor of economics and chair of the Economics Department at the University of Mississippi. In this interview, we discuss how Bitcoin has influenced his economic teaching, the importance of Bitcoin in the current unprecedented global debt bubble, and why people continue to dismiss Bitcoin.
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“Bitcoin and the entire process that led up to it was motivated by the desire to make the world a better place and internet commerce more private. It was a true technological innovation. The market will decide what that innovation is worth.” We’re used to hearing such statements from ardent Bitcoiners. But this statement was made by Dr Josh Hendrickson, an economics professor who chairs a University Economics Department at one of the US’s top public universities.
Bitcoin is still dismissed by a significant number of well-placed people within society. We hear from many people who are passionate about Bitcoin but feel unable to discuss this within their work networks for fear of ridicule that could harm their career paths. This is why having esteemed individuals from traditional academic backgrounds advocating for Bitcoin is so critical.
A professorship is a hard-won title. It takes years of graft. The history of academia is littered with stories of people being ostracised for taking left-field positions. Therefore, academics, particularly professors and department chairs, are not ones for throwing weight behind ideas that are not inherently sound or principled. So, as with the growing list of people BPI has been attracting, these academics provide the solid rationalisation of Bitcoin’s thesis.
This is not to state that there is a consensus within these groups regarding Bitcoin’s path over the coming years and decades. We live in tumultuous times. The world’s economic and political landscape is at the mercy of an almost limitless number of changing variables. But, there is a growing consensus that Bitcoin is a unique innovation, a new form of money with the potential to protect those who need it most. All other debates to justify Bitcoin should fall by the wayside.
Dylan LeClair is a Bitcoin and macro analyst working for Bitcoin Magazine. In this interview, we discuss the carnage in crypto in 2022 that’s bleeding into 2023. We talk about the clear signs of Ponzi schemes, the lost fortunes of crypto billionaires, and how Bitcoin regains its footing in the market.
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It has been 14 years since Bernie Madoff pleaded guilty to running the biggest Ponzi scheme in history. It should have been a defining moment, and yet, we’re now witnessing a tsunami of similar tragedies unfolding in crypto; a period Dylan LeClair is calling “a golden age of fraud”. The cruel irony is that the industry was inspired by Bitcoin, formulated in part as a technical correction to such scams. How did this happen?
Just 2 months after Bitcoin’s release in January 2009, Bernie Madoff stated at his plea hearing: “When I began my Ponzi scheme I believed it would end shortly and I would be able to extricate myself and my clients from the scheme.” This may be the fundamental psychology of those involved in Ponzi schemes: it is a short-term workaround that can be resolved, and investors will be made good.
We may never know the true intentions of anyone involved in 3AC, Luna, Celsius, FTX and other companies currently in the spotlight, but it’s hard to believe that anyone sane could think they could run a perpetual Ponzi. They must all have had an exit strategy in mind. A strategy where they and investors made good. But, time and time again, Ponzi schemes, bound by the realities of the market, fail.
So, what did we miss? In an industry that was built on the mantra of “don’t trust, verify”, how were so many people fooled? We can all in hindsight question FTX’s pitch of 15% returns with no risk. But, how many of us assumed the huge customer bases and political endorsements and A-list celebrity advertising had merit because we were not the smartest guys in the room?
Maybe it takes the cold logic of a fresh analyst, unencumbered by industry groupthink, to see the warning signs. Dylan LeClair has made a number of successful calls and trades on both sides of the market. He can sense BS, has the strength to call it out, and, as a result, he has witnessed a well-deserved meteoric rise. What’s his trick? Simple: don’t trust, verify.
Matt Odell is host of the Citadel Dispatch, co-host of Rabbit Hole Recap, venture partner at Ten31 and co-founder of Bitcoin Park. In this interview, we review 2022: the attacks on privacy, the reaffirmation of self-custody, how people who were treated like gods rekted the market, and the responsibility of Bitcoin podcasters in doing right by the audience.
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2022 has been brutal. First, tough lessons were learnt in trying to use Bitcoin for warranted privacy needs within North America. Then, we had our industry's very own global financial crisis when the tide went out and we saw how many of the supposed titans were swimming naked. So many people have been damaged, so many have been rekt.
The collateral damage to Bitcoin is unknown, but material. So much of that damage has come from malign and selfish actions by people who knew better. They have exploited a new form of money, which was meant to circumvent systemic centralized greed and corruption, to put into practice new more brutal forms of extraction than anything we witnessed in TradFi.
But, there are also those, whose actions have been made in good faith, who need to reflect on the events of the past year. We know where blame is centred, but how far does blame extend? Explicitly, what responsibilities do Bitcoin podcasters in general, and this Bitcoin podcaster in particular, have in regard to protecting and educating their audience?
2022 has been personally brutal for a whole range of reasons. But, it is now time for reflection. It is right therefore that, as a show that assesses and comments on the industry, the tables are turned and a light is shone on this show’s decision-making. There is nobody better than Odell to shine that light.
Fundamentally, it is the audience who will decide. I look forward to reading any comments listeners may have following one of the toughest podcasts I have hosted.
Steven McClurg is a Co-Founder of Valkyrie Investments. In this interview, we discuss the causes of the crypto crash of 2022 and the effects seeping into 2023. We talk about Genesis, GBTC and Valkyrie's proposal; how over-leverage and debt are leading to a breaking point; the positives of political chaos, and how Bitcoin could have bottomed out.
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“In a risk-off environment, Bitcoin definitely goes down, there's no doubt about it.” That was Steve McClurg being interviewed on What Bitcoin Did in October 2021. Since then we’ve witnessed the biggest players in the market going bankrupt one after another in the biggest domino toppling event the ecosystem has ever seen.
It is therefore more than timely to unpick what happened with one of those who foresaw problems and who manages one of the investment vehicles not having to charter chapter 11 proceedings. Steve himself admits to being surprised at the scale of the events that have occurred in 2022. The extent of recklessness, greed and criminality has shocked us all. But, there were warning signs.
The amount of yield on offer was eye-watering, particularly in the context of a fiat monetary system when lending returns were negligible. This was the canary in the coal mine. The fact that there was no meaningful borrowing market on the other side of these trades seems obvious in hindsight. However, the scale of over-leverage and rehypothecation was able to hide problems until the moment systemic collapse had become all but inevitable.
The question is, therefore, what now? Are some of the large funds still locked into active investment vehicles, such as GBTC, still safe? What can we do to protect the industry from such malign actions in the future, or, are crashes like these inevitable? And what about Bitcoin? Has its price bottomed out? Can it yet return as an investment vehicle for the masses? It’s time to ask someone at the coal face.
Matthew Pines is a Managing Consultant at the Krebs Stamos Group and a Fellow at the Bitcoin Policy Institute specializing in national security. In this interview, we discuss the rapidly changing geopolitical order as China competes with the US for dominance, and how Bitcoin may become one of a number of alternative global reserve assets to US debt.
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There are moments when the world pivots when events change the course of world affairs. The Russian invasion of Ukraine was one such event. More to the point, it was the western sanctions imposed on Russia that will come to be seen as a paradigm shift. It was when the world went from working in an open Eurodollar system to a closed system involving alternative forms of money.
In the face of increasingly fraught geopolitics and a loss of faith in the US dollar, certain countries are seeking to diversify the reserve assets they hold. This will create problems for the USD-UST system, at the same time the US is facing significant headwinds: dealing with huge structural debt, ‘reshoring, restocking and rewiring’, and countering China’s rise.
What was once a theory is now turning into reality: China is on the cusp of being able to compete with the US, principally within the Asian geopolitical sphere. To this end, China has a strategic imperative to secure reliable commodity and energy sources, and will likely move towards a proto-petroyuan system, and coerce other countries and entities to follow.
In this context, Bitcoin is emerging as a viable alternative to fiat currencies and gold as a global reserve asset. It is a unique form of money: a digital commodity with global fungibility, limited counterparty risk, and large liquidity. But critically it is a politically neutral asset, an increasingly attractive attribute for countries seeking to hedge their exposure to increasing geopolitical risk.
In the US, the rise of Bitcoin companies, along with the Biden administration's Executive Order on Digital Assets and positive statements by officials, suggests the US could accept Bitcoin's gradual adoption and monetization. From a national security perspective, key decision-makers may realize that allowing Bitcoin to serve as a new global reserve would disproportionately benefit the US.
David Zell is a co-founder of the Bitcoin Policy Institute and Director of Policy at BTC Inc. In this interview, we discuss how the Bitcoin Policy Institute engages to educate politicians in DC through combating FUD, distinguishing Bitcoin from crypto, and aligning Bitcoin with US National Security interests and American values.
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Bitcoin was developed on the shoulders of the cypherpunks building new forms of money outside of government control and oversight. Permission was not sought, as permission would not have been granted. Government actively disrupted the cypherpunk vision, seeking to destroy it. Bitcoin’s emergence was therefore antithetical to the concerns and endorsement of decision-makers.
But, some believe that the initial battle has been won. Bitcoin is now 14 years old. It has spread to all corners of the globe, and radically changed the mindset of those who have interacted with it. This includes some of those in the corridors of power, who have been won over by its ideology and technical resilience. The question now is how Bitcoin development continues.
Bitcoin could continue to evolve without seeking to engage with the levers of the state. Experience suggests that this would marginalise Bitcoin and Bitcoiners within the US. In the meantime, other protocols and blockchains would continue to curry favour with lawmakers and mould the regulatory framework to their needs. Who would win in this situation?
Or, through advocacy and education and cooperation with those in DC, Bitcoin could be allowed to develop openly within the United States. Much like the internet, the risks posed by this new innovation wouldn’t be allowed to throttle the huge benefits it has to offer both individuals and society.
In a grand scenario, Bitcoin could allow the United States to continue to compete for hegemonic power whilst continuing to champion individual freedom and sovereignty. This is a huge prize. Perhaps the biggest prize. This is why there are people willing to put in the hard graft to develop and nurture bodies like the Bitcoin Policy Institute. The future owes them gratitude.
Lyn Alden is a macroeconomist and investment strategist. In this interview, we look forward to 2023: what’s happening to Japan and China’s economies, whether we are entering a recession, and how will investments, including Bitcoin, perform over the next year?
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2022 was when chickens came home to roost. Over 70 years of relative peace across Europe had lured politicians into a false sense of security allowing cold pragmatism to supplant ideology. Then Russia invaded Ukraine, and the wisdom of assimilating energy markets across the old iron curtain was brought into sharp relief. China sent equally belligerent signals to the west. In short order, retreat and resilience have replaced cooperation and efficiency.
Assumed certainties that had driven the world economy for generations dissipated in real-time. The economic impact was sudden: stressed supply chains, shortages of goods across all sectors, and dramatic changes in inflation. Excessive sovereign debt has limited governments’ options. We’re now in the central bankers' worst-case scenario: high inflation, high debt, and low growth. Advanced countries like Japan are now on the ropes. A global recession is looming.
So, how does one prepare for 2023? Where should we put our money? According to Lyn Alden, it’s far from easy to navigate this market. When a preeminent investment strategist talks of minimising losses you know that we’re in unfamiliar territory. And yet, there are still reasons not to lose hope. The world didn’t collapse in 2022. China’s economy should rebound.
It will take time for the world to reorder itself to the new rules of the game. Onshoring and durability are going to require significant investment. Debt levels make it harder to source the funds required. At the same time, we’re in a period of stagnation with potential volatility at given moments. Governments will have to chart a steady course through choppy waters. Investors will need to keep a close eye on markets and know where the lifeboats are.
Doomberg is an anonymous collective producing the world’s most popular financial substack. In this interview, we discuss the roots of the 2022 energy crisis, why nuclear power needs to be the basis of our energy needs, and how pragmatic decision-making is needed if we’re to best fulfil our energy needs.
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Just a few years ago energy was abundant and cheap. The oil crisis of the 1970s was a historical anomaly. The assumed understanding was that between governments, major energy companies and the markets, energy provision was becoming more reliable and cost-effective. The Russian invasion of Ukraine showed how paper-thin this impression of the energy sector was.
Systemic underinvestment in energy infrastructure, particularly nuclear, has left the industry vulnerable to shocks. And Ukraine has been a heck of a shock. Long-term political strategies for energy provision have had to be rewritten in real-time. The market, unsurprisingly, has been volatile to the upside. One in three UK families are expected to be in fuel poverty in 2023.
But, obviously, energy is not a discretionary spend. We all need a minimum material quantum just to survive. It is clear, now we’re self-rationing energy, how vital it is to our way of life. Humans flourish with access to energy. The flipside is a retardation of civilisation. So, whilst limitless cheap energy is still decades away, can we supply sufficient energy for our society to prosper?
Fundamentally, are we making the right decisions to facilitate the best use of resources? Nuclear power is both reliable, efficient, safe and direct power generation that is carbon-free. Why has investment been curtailed? Material bottlenecks mean we can’t produce enough batteries for EVs. So why aren’t we maximising the benefits of battery tech through use of hybrids?
Ideology and nimbyism have counterproductive effects: serious harm is outsourced to the poorer areas of the world whilst leaving us with insufficient infrastructure at home. Clearly, decisions need to remove dogma and deal with the world as it is. The frustration is that we have the skills and knowledge to resolve this situation. We just need to bring pragmatism out of the dark.
Dominic Frisby is a British author, comedian, voice actor and musical curator. He also produces one of the top 20 financial substacks. In this interview, we discuss a range of issues highlighting how dire our current economic situation is, and if sound money and libertarianism are the solutions, the responsibilities this imposes on us as free citizens.
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The global economy is in serious trouble. Our guests know it. Regular listeners know it. Yet many are ignorant of the dangerous predicament we’re in. This is despite significant evidence of the coming crisis being available to anyone wishing to look. Portents of things to come abound: rising deficits, unsustainable debt, high inflation and crumbling public services. And there is no political incentive to resolve the situation.
This does not mean that governments aren’t preparing. For starters, there are tremors in the bedrock of the global reserve currency system. China is discreetly hoarding gold. Russia is seeking to utilize digital currencies. The number of countries adding their name to a new BRICS’ based reserve system is growing. The multi-polar world is being built.
Then there are the less explicit but equally concerning plans in the traditionally democratic west. If, as expected, the global economy significantly weakens, the public response could destabilise society. There is always more than one path out of any situation, but authoritarian policies are more appealing to those seeking to maintain control.
Implementation of schemes designed to control society will require mendacious actions. CBDCs will be sold as benign technology advancements enabling more efficient payment mechanisms between the state and the individual. The risks are clear. Fundamentally, our freedoms will depend on the monetary basis we adopt. These are crucial times. It’s up to us to continue to raise the alarm.
In this episode of the podcast, I sit down with Danny Scott, the CEO of CoinCorner, a bitcoin exchange based in the UK. Danny has built CoinCorner into a successful business without relying on VC funding, and he shares his insights on the challenges and opportunities of doing so in the highly competitive world of bitcoin.
During our conversation, we discuss the current state of bitcoin adoption and the importance of making cryptocurrency accessible and user-friendly for those who are new to the space. Danny shares his thoughts on the role of the lightning network in driving adoption, and how it can help make bitcoin more useful and functional for everyday use.
We also delve into the topic of how you can't force adoption, and the importance of building a product or service that meets the needs of your target audience. Danny shares his thoughts on how to approach building a business in the cryptocurrency space, and the key factors that contribute to success.
Overall, it's a fascinating conversation with a true industry leader. Tune in to hear Danny's insights on building a bitcoin business, driving adoption, and the future of the Bitcoin industry.
Jamie Bartlett is the co-writer and presenter of the BBC's podcast The Missing Cryptoqueen, an ongoing investigation into OneCoin and the disappearance of its founder Ruja Ignatova in 2017. In this interview, we discuss the latest updates on the case that triggered the first new episodes in the podcast being released in over 2 years.
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OneCoin was called the greatest Ponzi scheme in crypto. Obviously, a lot has happened this year that is likely to result in a reappraisal of that statement. But, the fraud perpetrated was eyewatering: allegedly $4 billion was stolen from investors. This means it ranks as still one of the biggest Ponzi schemes both inside and outside of crypto.
Yet, what differentiates OneCoin from other Ponzi schemes is that the lead character has yet to be punished: in 2017, Ruja Ignatova, the glamourous and enigmatic founder of OneCoin, disappeared. Jamie Bartlett, a seasoned investigative journalist, started looking for her in 2019. Rumours turned into breadcrumb trails, which turned into credible leads, which turned into dust.
Whilst Ruja remains elusive, the deeper Jamie delves into this case the more ominous the story becomes. What started out as a scam by a set of audacious schemers, soon became a broader criminal enterprise involving organised crime, corrupted state officials and powerful interests. The FBI has made Ruja one of their ten most wanted fugitives. The stakes are massive.
A troubling aspect of this case is the willingness of supposedly reputable people and firms to engage in ‘legal’ support for this fraud, including intimidation of those who seek to uncover the truth. This case cuts to the core of what is wrong in both crypto and wider society: willingness within professional groups to go along with malfeasance when there is money to be made.
This is why we need more people like Jamie. More than the dogged determination to see a story through to a suitable conclusion is the dedication to a life without the quick and easy financial payoffs of other professions. Journalists are willing to avoid the incentives offered by other industries to pursue truth. Perhaps such uncelebrated bravery is the real story here.
Dan Tubb is a podcaster and former venture capitalist. In this interview, we discuss the unprecedented levels of debt within the US and UK. Dan goes through one by one the various options open to the state to bring debt levels back down to manageable levels; tl;dr “none of those options is going to be viable.”
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Over the past few podcasts, we have discussed state indebtedness. As part of these discussions, we have referenced the amazing USDebtClock.org resource that provides real-time data on debt in the US and across the world. At the time of writing, US debt stands at over $31.4 trillion, whilst UK debt is $3.4 trillion. These figures are so large and unfathomable that we have almost become blind to their meaning.
Dan Tubb has been focusing on these figures, to both put them into more meaningful contexts, and to assess the options governments have for paying them off. In summary, debt levels are off the scale: adding outstanding liabilities to US debt results in a total debt worth $1 million for every American adult. In those terms, it's easier to understand that there are no real viable options for paying down this level of debt.
The issue is that as citizens are generally tuned out: there is a general assumption that the subject matter is just too complex, and further, those in power must have answers to these issues. After listening to Dan’s explanations you’ll suddenly realise that these aren’t complex subjects to comprehend. The data is literally there for anyone to see. And further, it is then obvious that governments are consciously not dealing with increasingly high levels of unsustainable debt.
So, why have such discussions been missing from MSM? There are some great journalists who attempt to cover specific areas. But nobody is yet screaming that the house is on fire although we’re all feeling the heat and hearing the cracking of timber.
The problem is that governments have limited ways of keeping the system from falling apart. Increasing levels of control are openly being discussed in government institutions, particularly digital identities and CBDCs. Some believe such measures are designed to avert civil unrest. So, it’s up to those who have got the receipts to start banging the drum before it’s too late.
Mike Brock is the lead at TBD, the Bitcoin-focused subsidiary of Block. In this interview, we discuss being a post-libertarian, reconciling the best elements of libertarianism with support for liberal democracy, and how Bitcoin improves the incentive structures within governing institutions.
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The persuasiveness of libertarian ideology is incredibly effective: the idea of individual liberty is both a simple and powerful message in a world where such freedoms are seemingly under perpetual attack. In the 20th century, the basis of modern libertarian thinking was provided by people such Ayn Rand.
In recent years libertarianism has witnessed a resurgence and invigoration in the wake of the Iraq war and global financial crisis. Many young people witnessed the transparent failings of the state juxtaposed with increasing encroachments on civil liberties in a new digital world. Bitcoin’s innovation of providing financial sovereignty in this context resulted in an understandable bonding of doctrine and technology.
But as Bitcoin matures, what was the pipe dream of it being able to change society is increasingly becoming a possibility. Is it therefore time to question the libertarian thinking that has been used to grow Bitcoin’s popularity? Can libertarianism provide a complete and robust basis for society? Or, are it’s ideas best assimilated into more orthodox political systems?
Such discussions may be challenging for those who have been at the forefront of the battle to enable Bitcoin to grow. But, as Bitcoin’s popularity widens and it attracts people of all political persuasians, this is the time for a debate to test the limits and strengths of libertarian thinking, and establish the red lines if and when compromises need to be made.
Mark Moss is a serial entrepreneur, author, speaker and host of The Mark Moss Show. In this interview, we discuss his recent co-authored book “The UnCommunist Manifesto”, which is a critique of Communist theory in response to its continued influence in our modern world.
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The Communist Manifesto was one of the most influential political writings in modern history. It was written by the 19th-century philosophers, historians and political theorists Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. Despite falling into obscurity for a generation after its initial publication in 1848, it went on to provide a theoretical basis for one of the 20th century's most pervasive ideologies.
The Soviet Communist Empire the Manifesto inspired ultimately failed. Proponents have argued that the Soviet political and economic system was not the same form of communism proposed by Marx and Engels. Many others have indicated that the fall of the USSR and its vassal countries showed the inherent fallacy of centralised control being the optimum political system.
It wasn’t merely that communism failed, but the brutal nature of the system it inspired. There is a debate about whether the quantum of deaths under communist regimes could be referred to as genocide. Semantics aside, tens of millions of people have been killed in Communist countries. Further, it discouraged innovation whilst encouraging waste, corruption and nepotism.
Boris Yeltsin acknowledged the Soviet issue when he made an impromptu visit to a US supermarket during a state visit. “There would be a revolution" he stated when contemplating how normal Russians would react to seeing the range and quality of produce. And yet, despite the epic collapse of the USSR, young people are increasingly being drawn to socialist ideas that underpin the Manifesto.
Does a review of the Communist Manifesto provide adequate insight into the system it inspired? Can we identify the dangerous tenets of a communist system to better protect society? Is there anything theoretically sound in the Manifesto? Ultimately, do the transparent weaknesses of our current system give rise to society underestimating the weaknesses of competing systems?
BTC Sessions (Ben Perrin), is a Canadian Bitcoin educator with a well-known YouTube channel. In this interview, we discuss his experiences as part of a group of Bitcoiners organising Bitcoin funds for Canadian truckers being targeted by the Canadian government.
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In January, a large group of Canadian truckers took part in convoys to protest against their government's Covid vaccination mandates for cross-border movements. The protests grew and the convoys converged on Canada’s capital city of Ottawa. Thousands of trucks and protestors blocked the streets. It divided opinion: some Ottawans called for Government action, whilst the protest inspired copycat activities and prominent support in other countries.
The Canadian government reacted with some of the most draconian responses to activism seen in any democracy. On February 14th they invoked the Emergencies Act designed to provide legal cover for government actions required in major national emergencies such as war, invasion or insurrection. It was only the 2nd time such actions had been used in peacetime.
Attention was focused on the funding sources, with dozens of bank accounts linked to the protest movements being frozen. As a result, a Bitcoin fundraising initiative suddenly took centre stage as the vehicle for getting funds of any description to the truckers. This Bitcoin funding and the associated group managing it then became a target for the Canadian authorities.
Ben takes us through what was a rapidly evolving and extremely stressful situation, where a group of well-meaning Bitcoiners found themselves becoming enemies of the state. Did Bitcoin stand up to scrutiny? Bitcoin did provide truckers with a financial lifeline. And, whilst there were issues that occurred, there are some very important caveats.
The initial set-up of the Bitcoin fund wasn’t with a view to it being the primary source of finance. Further, nobody expected the unprecedented actions taken by the Canadian government. Nevertheless, invaluable lessons have been learned. There is a clear view of the processes required to protect funds and those involved. More importantly, activists now know what actions the state, any state, is prepared to take.
Brandon Quittem is a writer and Communications Director for Swan Bitcoin. In this interview, we discuss his latest article: ‘Bitcoin is a Pioneer Species’, where he compares Bitcoin miners to species that settle and populate barren landscapes triggering the development of more advanced ecosystems.
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The acceptance of Bitcoin is an acceptance of the need for continuous education and receptivity. This past year has shown why: Bitcoin mining has been transformed from being a critical but specific cog in the often misunderstood Proof of Work protocol to a tool with the potential to transform the global energy industry. Nobody foresaw this.
Going down the rabbit hole now involves gaining knowledge of energy systems: production methods, grids, distribution networks, batteries, energy economics etc. This knowledge is both a blessing and a curse. A blessing in that the veil of ignorance is lifted on this vital industry showing politicians are driving blind with their policy decisions. A curse in that those sceptical that Bitcoin can change finance, are now incredulous when we state it can transform energy too.
But the logic is clear. Bitcoin can harness electrical energy anywhere in the world. In doing so it can facilitate and thereby fast-track the build-out of energy in isolated environments, becoming a bridge for costly downstream investment needed to connect such sources to a grid. All of this without any need for a state subsidy, or international coordination.
Bitcoin can therefore revitalise existing populations: currently, a billion people don’t have access to electricity. Imagine what benefits could be brought by integrating these people into the digital economy. Bitcoin mining can also be the pioneer species for previously uninhabited areas of the planet. It can take barren areas and provide the economic basis from which further development can grow. Contemplating that should make it clear: we’re still so very early!
Troy Cross is a Professor of Philosopher and Fellow at the Bitcoin Policy Institute. In this interview, we discuss the changing narrative around Bitcoin mining: is it finding its real utility in a bear market as the ultimate auxiliary tool, and how early are we in discovering its range of uses as a tool?
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The trajectory of Bitcoin mining’s narrative has been breathtaking. Over the last year, it has gone from being singularly promoted for its principal role in securing the Bitcoin network, to having a whole host of other uses identified and championed: subsidising stranded energy, stabilising energy grids, mitigating methane emissions, and providing heat for a range of activities.
Policymakers are struggling to keep up. The tired old FUD of Bitcoin’s energy use and carbon footprint are still being used as attack vectors by supposed reputable institutions such as the ECB. It also feeds into the narratives picked up by policymakers such as the White House, who’s commissioned report on Bitcoin mining’s climate impacts was affected by mainstream ignorance.
But, the White House report also included recognition of some of Bitcoin mining’s emerging benefits, as well as correcting some misrepresentations of its impacts. This shows that, whilst we are far from getting widespread acceptance of the importance of Bitcoin mining, the effort spent on education and advocacy by the Bitcoin community is having a vital real-world impact.
Promoting Bitcoin mining’s evolving narrative is critical. This is because we’re on the cusp of some far-reaching regulation in the wake of recent crypto scams. Regulators could see this as an opportunity to constrain Bitcoin mining; politicians never let a good crisis go to waste.
Yet, we are still early in understanding the scope of Bitcoin mining’s value. New uses are being researched and developed all the time: OTEC, water desalination and carbon capture are recent examples. Bitcoin mining is emerging as perhaps an engineer's ultimate auxiliary tool. The mission is therefore to not only continue to convey Bitcoin mining’s importance, but provide the widest possible frame for its significance.
Nate Harmon is CEO and cofounder of OceanBit; Steve Barbour is CEO and founder of Upstream Data; both are Bitcoiners. In this interview, we debate climate change: the reliability of climate models, climate change mitigation, adaptation and the forecast inequality of climate change impacts.
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What Bitcoin Did has discussed both sides of the climate change debate with a number of esteemed guests. The reasoning is two-fold: firstly, one of Bitcoin’s major attack vectors is energy use and associated climate change impacts; secondly, it is one of the major issues of our time, arguably the most pressing issue. These shows have either expressed one side or another, until now.
Bitcoiners are a broad church. That is an inherent strength. But is also brings its own internal pressures. Whilst there is broad consensus on Bitcoin’s mission, there are divergent opinions on a host of other issues that this new form of money affects. None more so than climate change. Many believe in the need for fossil fuels to enable humans to continue to flourish; others argue that we need to rapidly pivot from fossil fuel reliance if we’re to avoid an existential crisis.
However, the debate is not open-ended. There is a strong argument that the framing of the current discussion falls within agreed boundaries. It doesn’t feel contentious to state both sides of the debate within the Bitcoin community agree that abundant energy is needed and that the climate is warming. The disagreement is focused on the rate of climate change and the approach to mitigation.
Obviously, whilst there is agreement that narrows the parameters of any debate, the outstanding issues are complex, contentious and critical. The stakes on both sides are high; discussion and compromise are vital. Can we within the community find common ground? Is it possible to attenuate the growing animosity around this subject? Can Bitcoiners lead the way in being open-minded, receptive and malleable to different ideas? Let’s start engaging and find out.
Ted Cruz is a serving US Senator for Texas. In this interview, we discuss the importance of Bitcoin for Texas and the United States, communicating the threat of CBDCs, the political and regulatory challenges, and Bitcoin’s symbiotic relationship with energy.
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Ted Cruz is one of the most consequential politicians of his generation. He is a strong advocate for liberty and the tools that support freedom within society. It is perhaps no surprise that he is therefore a fan of Bitcoin. But equally, it shows strength and courage as many of those in positions of power still cast aspersions about Bitcoin and its associated community.
Yet, as with all firebrand politicians, Ted Cruz divides opinions. He is uncompromising in his approach to certain issues. He is also part of the modern political game whereby the opposition is deemed to be the enemy. There is an obvious political incentive to adopt such characteristics in terms of being able to clearly delineate your position where there is significant competition for attention.
There are certainly strong critics of Bitcoin within the Democratic party. However, Bitcoin can not be allowed to become a political football. It is still a nascent technology, and its development in the US could still be derailed by damaging regulation. It is imperative therefore that those who back Bitcoin on both sides of the aisle not only work together, but they are seen to be working together (e.g. Lummis and Gillibrand).
Ted Cruz acknowledges this. He knows that his voice has a limited reach within more progressive circles. He needs those who would otherwise be antithetical to his politics to join him, and vice versa, to ensure this technology and its community is not driven out of the US. The basis of the reasoning is sound: it is freedom money that has a symbiotic relationship with energy. Let’s work to ensure politicians can see the issues anew by discarding the broken lens of politics.
Alex Gladstein is Chief Strategy Officer at the Human Rights Foundation. In this interview, we discuss the IMF and World Bank - two powerful multinational institutions that have shaped the post-war world for developed nations' benefit. Alex uncovers the exploitation hidden from view and the ongoing real-world costs for the developing world.
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The IMF and World Bank are two major multinational institutions that have perhaps shaped the workings of the global economy more than any other. The issue is that, over the course of the past few decades, the IMF’s and World Bank’s roles and impacts have largely been forgotten.
Whilst casual observers are distrustful of the IMF and World Bank, in the main, people’s concern is vague, lacking facts or evidence. It’s hard to know why this is, but it’s worth noting that internally produced IMF and World Bank content dominates google search results at the expense of independent content.
And yet, the impact of the IMF and World Bank has been catastrophic for many developing nations. Specifically, it has been problematic for those outside the gilded circles of power in such countries who have had to carry the burden of debt through significant assaults on public services, food security and other fundamental quality-of-life provisions.
The reason? Neocolonialism. Extraction of resources from the periphery for the benefit of the centre. Indebtedness has been the tool used. A Ponzi scheme of debt relief to support debt servicing, designed to keep countries subservient to those controlling the IMF and World Bank. The cost is dictatorships, corruption, environmental degradation, and the destruction of potentially millions of lives.
It is uncertain whether Bitcoin can fix this. But, it acts as a powerful disincentive and disruption by weakening the exorbitant privilege of the dollar and enabling the innocent people subjugated by the IMF and World Bank and their own elites, an opportunity to opt-out of this system. Our role within Bitcoin is to discuss this history and help free those still bound by its constraints.
Cory Klippsten is the founder and CEO of Swan Bitcoin. In this interview, we discuss the exploitation of retail markets by crypto VCs. Cory called out many of the crypto ventures that have recently collapsed, but he saves his biggest criticism for the firm that is still active within the industry: a16z.
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Cory Klippsten has a scent for malfeasance within the crypto industry. He explains this by the fact he doesn’t listen to what people say, he tracks their actions and determines motivations. This has enabled him to identify ahead of time some of the most notable scams that have unravelled this year. Cory called out FTX in April this year, Luna in March, and Celsius in Dec 2020.
Yet, there is another VC company that has risen within the crypto industry that has in recent years been the subject of much discussion and criticism. Andreessen Horowitz (it’s also referred to as a16z), founded in 2009, quickly rose to become one of the most influential investors in Silicon Valley after a series of incredibly lucrative stakes in companies such as Skype, Facebook, Twitter, and Airbnb.
In 2013, a16z started investing in crypto, most notably with Coinbase and Ripple. In 2018 they made a concerted effort to focus on crypto as a vertical: they started by raising $300m for the first of a number of dedicated crypto funds, and from 2021 they started to lead fundraising rounds for various altcoins and crypto ventures. Many within the industry saw them as serious and reputable players. Until patterns started to emerge.
The issue is, as Cory highlighted in a recent Twitter thread, a16z have been involved in promoting numerous tokenised projects that have all had the same price pattern: early hype resulting in a massive short-term increase in the value, followed by an equally rapid fall in value and then stagnation. The pattern appears to resemble classic ”pump and dump”, followed by “rinse and repeat.”
Critics have long complained that such VC companies have been able to “create their own weather”, exploiting a regulatory void to monetise off the back of their own hyped narratives that appear to lack credibility. A former analyst for the company actually referred to a16z as a “media company that monetizes through VC.” But many observers, including Cory, are now calling them out. The pressure is certainly building for more attention to be paid to a16z’s activities.
Nick Hansen is the CEO of Bitcoin mining software firm Luxor Technologies. In this interview, we discuss the distress within the Bitcoin mining industry caused by a perfect storm of leverage, stagnant value, huge growth in capacity, energy price shocks and wider headwinds affecting investment. This could become a national security issue.
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Exactly one year ago, US Bitcoin mining companies were posting record quarterly profits. A huge amount of investment followed China’s mining ban making North America the centre of global Bitcoin mining. It spurred the development of mega miners: companies developing industrial-scale operations. These companies started building out new sources of energy and developing unique relationships with grid operators. And Bitcoin’s price was at an ATH.
Roll on one year, and the industry is facing a potential crisis. Bitcoin price is at 2-year lows, the hash rate is at an all-time high, investment is drying up due to a range of issues, rig prices have tanked, whilst a swath of companies are struggling to manage debt obligations. Add to this the wider fallout as a result of the FTX collapse. It really is a perfect storm.
At the same time, companies are being buffeted by widespread disinformation, and polarised attacks predicated on energy usage concerns. Regulators seeking to acquiesce to those promoting FUD, have considered, recommended, and brought forward poorly designed rules. See the NY moratorium on PoW mining using fossil fuels just passed into law.
This is more than a parochial issue for the Bitcoin community. Bitcoin mining provides an unprecedented opportunity for wider society. It’s the basis for an alternative to a broken economic system and the means with which to incentivise and support the energy transition at scale. It is the industry to help the US navigate a host of strategic problems. Bitcoin mining is, fundamentally, a national security issue. Its protection should be our primary focus.
Jeff Booth is the Author of The Price of Tomorrow and CEO/Chairman of Ego Death Capital. In this interview, we discuss how Bitcoin fundamentals (such as its approach to the blockchain trilemma, centring on truth, and its deflationary effects) run counter to current economic theories, making Bitcoin’s signal harder for some to find.
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A common refrain whilst we live through unprecedented global economic turmoil and massive failures within DeFi is “why aren’t people flocking to Bitcoin”. Obviously, Bitcoin’s signal is being lost: the fundamentals that are designed to better protect people against incompetent, corrupt and fraudulent behaviour aren’t readily apparent to many. Why is this?
As Jeff Booth asserted in a recent article: “protocols create value in the form of a new foundation that emerges slowly & methodically”. However, capitalist societies have been conditioned to accept and expect rapid change: ‘work fast and break things’ has been taken as a given. Systems that run counter to this are viewed as being ripe for disruption.
Bitcoin has widely been seen as slow. It’s development was famously the subject of a crisis centred on scaling arguments. The outcome was an affirmation of some core principles: Bitcoin would be predicated on decentralization and security. This spurned a tsunami of altcoins that proliferated on the pitch that they improved on Bitcoin by being able to scale. This meant many dismissed it. Bitcoin was old tech.
But, as we have seen over the past few months, speed and scale come at a cost. A real-world cost counted in billions of dollars. The blockchain trilemma means that scale means making material tradeoffs in terms of decentralization and security. The result: hacks and fraud. If there is any silver lining to the FTX collapse is that the conflation of crypto and Bitcoin now has more than a theoretical critique.
The importance of making the case for Bitcoin, of amplifying the signal, is that it offers a transition to a new system where we can benefit from deflation. A system that protects people. A system based on a layer of truth.
Jesse Powell is the co-founder and Chairman of Kraken. In this interview, we discuss the rising anger over the FTX collapse, parallels with Mt. Gox, FTX’s exploitation of regulatory arbitrage, odd mainstream media reactions, proof of reserves and the future of custodial services.
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FTX has caused untold damage. There could be over 1 million creditors, from large institutions to small retail investors. There are going to be numerous heartbreaking stories of people getting rekt. But, the most significant damage caused by this criminality could be ahead of us. There is a significant risk that a misreading of the causes of this crisis will lead to regulatory damage removing access to Satoshi’s innovation for future generations.
There are many within the industry who were deeply sceptical of FTX and Sam-Bankman-Fried well before the event of the past few weeks played out. The pace of growth, the scale of revenue, and the huge expenditure. To those in the know, none of it made sense unless FTX was involved in nefarious activities. And yet, SBF was rubbing shoulders with DC politicians whilst shaping the laws to be applied to the industry.
In short order, the whole facade has come crumbling down. Stories of drug taking, polyamory, and excess within the criminal empire have emerged, confessions have been made that the effective altruism promotion was a sham, and then SBF engaged in a bizarre media campaign via Twitter. FTX’s new CEO brought in to organise its bankruptcy process stated in his 40 years of restructuring companies (including Enron) he’s never seen anything as bad as this.
So, in the face of this obvious narcissistic and incompetent criminality, why have there been a number of puff pieces in the media? Why did DC take the warnings that were made seriously? And how is it justified for politicians to threaten a sweeping global legal framework for Bitcoin and crypto? Strange things are happening, and forces are being aligned against all of us. And yet, we know the community is resilient. This could take years to play out.
James Lavish is a Bitcoin advocate and writer, & Greg Foss is a Bitcoin strategist, and they’re both co-founders of Looking Glass education. In this interview, we discuss FTXs lack of checks and balances, how fiat is struggling to find yield, zombie countries and the the debt spiral, and how Bitcoin is the best asymmetric bet of our lifetime.
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We live in strange times. Central bankers tell us up is down. Politicians peddle myths. And the seeming robustness of capital, institutions and the state is turning out to be a facade. And yet, the economic machine needs to keep running. Finance needs to generate a return. In this environment, where the economy has turned from being an engine of sound principles into a casino, it’s no wonder charlatans like SBF can turn into powerful entities in the blink of an eye.
Checks and balances are empty words spoken by people in suits in meetings. A lack of resources, a revolving door, well-financed lobbying, and sheer complexity have all but neutered any meaningful oversight of crypto. On the ground, the reality is bluff and bluster are as effective as following the law. Perhaps such tactics are more effective: after all, FTX nearly achieved regulatory capture.
What is the fundamental issue? Arguably it is that the whole framework of state-organised economic control is falling apart. The impacts are manifold. Price and value have no real meaning. Reasonable returns on investment are evaporating. Financial opportunities are being drowned by risk. The real concern is that confidence is rapidly ebbing away.
The fiat economy is fundamentally a confidence engine. Trust has replaced hard assets. When trust goes nothing is left. We now live in a world where disillusioned experts are telling us the game is up. State debt is unmanageable, and governments have no obvious solutions. This is why many such people are turning their attention to Bitcoin. When we’re facing QE infinity by zombie countries it is wise to go back to first principals: sound money.
Preston Pysh is a co-founder of The Investor Podcast Network. In this interview, we discuss the ongoing trauma following FTX’s unprecedented fall from grace, the implications for Bitcoin, and the ever-worsening macro situation where central banks are losing the battle to protect society from excessive government spending.
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The FTX drama is still being played out, and it will continue to do so for the weeks, months and years ahead. It feels as though we’re still in the shock stage, trying to wrap our heads around not only what happened, but how such a seemingly fragile situation was allowed to get so out of control. Fingers are being pointed, defences prepared, and, even whilst we’re still very early in this process, histories are already being rewritten.
And yet, the broader economic picture remains the same: a conveyer belt of crises continue to buffet the global economy. Stagnation, growing inflation, mountainous debt, extreme stress in the bond markets, globalisation, and currencies under strain; there is a wall of mounting issues that are building into what seems to be an existential situation for the fiat system.
The fundamental issue at hand is that nobody can tell what is up or down in relation to our economy. Price and value have been artificially inflated that they lack any purposeful meaning. Cheap money has enabled massive consolidation making the business environment top-heavy. And inflation has directed citizens to engage in rampant consumption, which results in a myriad of adverse downstream consequences.
Both situations, i.e. the imploding of cryptocurrency and the mess of the global economy, have the same mitigation. Reaffirmation of the Bitcoin ideology will enable those with true convictions to begin repairing the damage caused by FTX. Bitcoin will also help the economies to align with reality, thereby facilitating better decisions. Whilst Bitcoin doesn’t necessarily fix everything, it is the path to creating a better world.
Lyn Alden is a macroeconomist and investment strategist. In this interview we discuss rampant fraud that led to the FTX bankruptcy, the implications for other businesses and legal precedent, and Lyn’s current outlook on markets.
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FTX’s empire at the beginning of this year was valued at $32 billion. The whole facade has become a bankrupt mess in a little over a week. Every hour of the past 7 days has seen a new claim of malfeasance that exceeds the depravity of the last. This crescendo has seemingly peaked today as SBF posted cryptic tweets suggesting he’s struggling to comprehend what has happened.
Sam Bankman-Fried was lauded as a financial genius and social revolutionary leading the ‘effective altruism’ movement. He was on the front cover of Forbes in October 2021. A glowing Bloomberg profile in April this year recounted his interactions with prominent politicians, investors and celebrities. He openly discussed having his attention drawn to dealing with existential issues affecting humanity. SBF had former Presidents and Prime Ministers in his palm.
However, Bankman-Fried was a Svengali and a fraud. Some Bitcoin maxi’s tried to sound the alarm, but too many people ignored the warning signs and believed the hype. In just 3 short years the 30-year-old managed to beguile not just the industry but also traditional finance. He got a $100 investment from a Canadian pension fund, which one would assume would lead the world in discharging fiduciary duties.
In the aftermath, it all seems so obvious. FTX was essentially run by dysfunctional kids. So, how did this happen? It’s still very early, and revelations keep dropping as we speak. The truth behind what occurred will take years to piece together. Nevertheless, there are some important lessons that the Bitcoin community rapidly needs to discern and absorb. A political response is inevitable, and many will try to ensnare Bitcoin in this mess.
Austin Mitchell is the Co-Founder and CEO of Synota. In this interview, we discuss his plan to use the Lightning Network to settle transactions in the energy industry, and how this should bring greater equality to the energy market whilst also enabling the whole energy economy to move to the Lightning Network.
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Bitcoin is prospectively the best version of money, worldwide instant payments rail, market-based accelerant for energy production, and energy grid stabiliser. It’s infuriating that more people aren’t waking up to its potential. Perhaps it’s the FUD, the passive damage caused by dysfunction in the crypto industry, or the ignorance of there being bitcoin the money and Bitcoin the network.
But Bitcoin’s story is still being written; as many keep saying - it’s still early. We all know that there are nascent layer 2 innovations that are taking Bitcoin in new directions. But even hardened advocates continue to be amazed at the use cases being developed using Bitcoin’s various characteristics.
Take the Lightning Network: the game-changing payment protocol. It is the layer that enables Bitcoin to scale. But what does that actually mean? Well, quite a lot. Bitcoin is fast becoming an integral part of the energy industry. In addition to the known functions comes a new one: the Lightning Network’s instant settlement facility and distributed payment network is set to transform energy finance.
The current system is predicated on old analogue payment processes, full of inefficiencies that unnecessarily bloat costs for producers and consumers. The prize is a real-time payment system that simplifies energy finance whilst enabling greater functionality. It could make the market more flexible, dynamic and equitable. The result could be that it draws the whole energy economy onto the Lightning Network.
It’s a lightbulb moment given how big that industry is: $4.5 trillion is spent on energy a year. There are additional services that could be included. The lightbulb fuses when you think about what other industries could find similar utility. The lightbulb explodes when you remember Lightning is just one of many layer 2 innovations. We’re still so very very early.
Perianne Boring is the Founder and CEO of the Chamber of Digital Commerce. In this interview, we discuss the history of Bitcoin spot ETF proposals, the numerous rejections and changing conditions for approval, and why the SEC won’t approve a Bitcoin spot ETF.
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The first application for a Bitcoin spot ETF in the US was made by the Winklevoss brothers back in 2013. The SEC rejected this proposal in 2017. Since then the SEC has rejected applications from at least 16 different companies, some of whom have made multiple applications. The last rejection was in early October.
It’s not that the SEC dislikes ETFs. There are over 2,500 ETFs in the US market with over $7.2 trillion AUM. Further, there is also strong demand in the market: over 99% of the 11,400 letters sent to the SEC in relation to Grayscale’s ETC application were in support. In the meantime, Bitcoin spot ETFs are being approved across the world, most notably across the border in Canada.
The Chamber of Digital Commerce, the blockchain trade association, has assessed the history of Bitcoin spot ETF applications accounted for in a report. This outlines major inconsistencies in the way the SEC treats applications: denials have conditions applied for subsequent applications; these conditions are met, the new applications are denied; rinse and repeat.
In addition, in 2021 the SEC approved the first US Bitcoin futures ETF. Whilst the performance of the Bitcoin futures ETF has tracked the Bitcoin price reasonably closely, futures markets are by their very nature volatile as futures contracts can be unpredictable. So, it is potentially a less safe vehicle for investment.
The obvious question is, therefore: why won’t the SEC approve a Bitcoin spot ETF? Perianne Boring, the CEO of the Chamber of Digital Commerce, is of the opinion the decision is political in nature. There is a wave of money waiting to invest in such an ETF, which would accelerate the adoption of Bitcoin. This is something many decision-makers are resistant to. What’s clear is that with Grayscale suing the SEC the issue is coming to a head.
Phil Geiger is the Managing Director of Concierge Services at Unchained Capital. In this interview, we discuss how a robust protocol and monetary policy, a vital utility for energy producers and a committed community of hodlers, makes Bitcoin an extremely low-risk investment.
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No other scalable commodity, currency or asset has as robust a fixed supply issuance as Bitcoin. 21 million coins. That’s it. The rough consensus governance process, miners’ financial incentives, and a highly decentralized node verification process combine to make this digital scarcity rigid. No altcoin can compete. “Digital scarcity is a one-time phenomenon” - Phil Geiger, April 2020.
There are those that have been pushing the edges of this assumed commitment. They are motivated by different concerns, chiefly that a declining supply will impact security: how can a 51% attack be avoided when the volume of Bitcoin issued becomes significantly low and eventually finishes? Can transaction fees alone secure the network?
But it is the fixed supply schedule that supports Bitcoin’s value, from which all other considerations follow. According to Phil Geiger, these 21 million coins already exist. Both in terms of the supply schedule and the fixed limit. This is what underpins the huge investment by miners: a transparent monetary policy, and scarcity that supports the price. Changes to this could seriously damage minings assimilation into energy production.
This is what makes, in Phil’s view, Bitcoin an extremely low-risk investment compared to other assets (both digital and physical). The proof is in the hodling behaviour. Using Bitcoin is vital for the transition of Bitcoin from a defensive store of value to a productive medium of exchange, the fact that those hodling Bitcoin for more than a year is at an ATH shows investors still remain extremely confident in its long-term success.
So, what about long-term security? Decreasing block rewards will incentivise miners to maximise the use of block space. Combined with more users this should drive up Bitcoin transaction prices, thereby supporting the transition to a post-block reward world. The issue is whether there are enough incentives to ensure miners don’t game the system. This needs to be debated. But, making Bitcoin inflationary isn’t the answer, because this is the essence of Bitcoin.
Parker Lewis is Head of Business Development at Unchained Capital. In this interview, we discuss the failure of currencies, the collapse of the economic engine and Bitcoin being the largest tidal wave that's ever existed.
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In the nearly 14 years since Bitcoin was launched the global order has continued to shudder in the wake of a rolling set of crises. Front and centre is the unwinding of the global economic order. Fiat currencies are straining, inflation is rising, and central banks are using ever more extreme and counter-productive measures to keep the economy afloat.
We’re in the final throes of the long-term debt cycle. Everyone can see it. And yet governments and central banks are refusing to accept the inevitable. Money printing continues, in part to deal with the second-order effects of the previous round of money printing.
Bitcoin rose sharply at the beginning of this period, but it has stalled in the shadow of Covid as the world struggles to repair economies whilst dealing with growing geopolitical tensions. Throughout this turmoil, as Parker Lewis states in our interview, Bitcoin’s value proposition has remained the same. Why is it then that Bitcoin has been in a bear market?
The protocol has proven itself to be a solid basis for a new form of money. Yet, its volatility in the wake of rising inflation has resulted in a wave of commentators dismissing its value. This has an effect. We all know people who still think Bitcoin is a crazy fad. This issue, as Parker Lewis contends, is that you need to do the work to understand Bitcoin’s vital importance.
Bitcoin adoption is a function of knowledge distribution. Those of us who are in the know must therefore keep spreading the word, educating, advocating, orange pilling. If we do that then Bitcoin can’t lose.
Nic Carter is a Partner at Castle Island Ventures & Lane Rettig is a core developer for Spacemesh. In this interview, we discuss the Ethereum merge specifically addressing the issue around increasing censorship of Ethereum transactions, the chilling state attacks on privacy and what Bitcoiners could learn.
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In November 2013 Vitalik Buterin produced the Ethereum White Paper, which set out that Ethereum was to utilise the Proof of Work mechanism to facilitate participation in the transaction validation process. Eight months later, hidden away in the announcement about the Ether ICO, Vitalik stated that “We may choose later on to adopt alternative consensus strategies, such as hybrid proof of stake…”.
Ethereum’s merge in the first 2 weeks of September has been the biggest event in crypto this year. Part of the reason is that it has been a very long time coming. Further, it has been a huge engineering challenge: transitioning from Proof of Work to Proof of Stake in a live blockchain for the second-largest digital currency. Many predicted that it would result in technical issues. They were wrong. The merge was a success.
And yet, in the months that have followed, events have shown that just as Ethereum has sought to resolve some issues, it has caused others. Yes, Ethereum now uses significantly less energy, albeit a smaller drop in energy consumption than they would have many believe. But, evidence of a concerning concentration of staked ETH indicates that not only is the consensus becoming centralised, but it is becoming dominated by entities who are censoring transactions.
The result is a very clear distinction between Bitcoin and Ethereum. The issue at hand for Bitcoiners is that the battle to win the argument with political decision-makers over the importance of Bitcoin’s energy usage is still yet to be won. But, more importantly, there are downstream centralisation and capture risks for Bitcoin. Forewarned is forearmed.
Steven Lubka is Managing Director of Private Client Services at Swan Bitcoin. In this interview, we discuss how the misallocation of money by central banks distorts money, destroys capital, and creates zombie companies. Steven calls for money to be left to find its natural state within a free market.
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Society has become accustomed to the intervention of central banks in the economy. The underlying narrative is that central banks have the power to direct the economy through the manipulation of money. A principle level is through the control of interest rates: artificial adjustments to the cost of borrowing money aimed at promoting or tempering growth.
You don’t have to be an economics expert though to know that central banks' interventions seem to have become excessive. We have had a decade of near-zero interest rates. In addition to this, central banks have heavily lent on money printing to maintain economic stability: one-fifth of all US dollars were printed in 2020 alone.
These significant adjustments to the money supply set in train damaging second-order impacts. Given rising debt levels and recessionary forces, governments are seeking ways to stimulate growth. However, the economy has not been allowed to function normally for an extended period. We may therefore be in a position where significant businesses aren’t able to operate with a more natural cost of money.
Many businesses have developed in a period where the cost of money has been artificially low. This has created zombie companies, which need support to survive. This leads to a cascading series of issues: such companies divert resources from more efficient enterprises, but they are destined to fail, which destroys capital. It effectively hollows out parts of the economy.
The misallocation of capital is therefore counterproductive: short-term stability is a mirage that hides long-term systemic vulnerability. Steven Lubka’s thesis is that Bitcoin is the answer. It is a real tangible asset with a fixed monetary policy that enables price to be reflective of reality. The result is a market that can make rational decisions, build robust companies, and allow order to emerge In short, Bitcoin fixes the money.
Andrew Bailey is a philosopher, professor, fellow at the Bitcoin Policy Institute, and co-founder of Resistance Money. In this interview, we discuss the philosophy of money in respect of what it is, what makes good money, the traps we can fall into with money, and why Bitcoin is a bulldozer that makes us rethink money anew.
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Economists, historians, philosophers, bankers and politicians have all contended with the concept of money. What it is, what it can be, what it’s not, what it’s useful for, how it should be used, how it can be misused: there are a myriad of questions that have spurned a myriad of theories. Consensus has formed around different ideas lasting for generations, only to be followed by sudden shifts as perceived universal truths are dissolved.
Debates and evolving thinking around money have always been a feature of its existence, certainly within modern capitalist structures of the past few hundred years. And yet, we do seem to be in a rare period. Firstly, we are entering a new paradigm of money, when established norms are suddenly being uprooted. Secondly, laypeople are joining the ranks of the so-called specialists in the debate around money.
This change has been spurned by the failures of fiat money. Suddenly, people realise that the assumed solid ground is shifting beneath them. Within a short space of time, we have experienced a flurry of unprecedented events: bank runs, money printing on a vast scale, massive stimulus packages, huge volatility in the markets, systemic inflation, and currency collapses.
The debate has also been spurned by the revolutionary innovation of Bitcoin. A totally new form of money has enabled a reevaluation of the principles and qualities of what we use to store value and what we use to exchange value. This process is being undertaken at all levels: if Bitcoin can continue to flourish, it will serve as a check on those in power. It could for the first time enable money to become pluralistic.
All this means we are living in a time when the debate around money is live and fluid in which we all get a say. Buying Bitcoin, developing Bitcoin and orange pilling are all positive actions that force us to consider these fundamental questions. And, in this process, we’ll find we are asking the most fundamental questions of all - what is the essence of a good life and how does money help to achieve that end?
Joe Consorti is a Market Analyst at The Bitcoin Layer. In this interview, we discuss Austrian economics, Credit Suisse & the risk of large scale defaults, price distortions and how Bitcoin fixes this.
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When faced with economic turmoil, central banks have a few tools they can turn to, one of which is interest rates. Since interest rates are the price to borrow money, and prices are emergent, manipulating rates is an intentional distortion analogous to fixing prices. Rates instead should be a factor of the supply and demand of credit, risk of default, and a reflection of opportunity cost.
However, during the financial crisis in 2007/2008, the US federal reserve had little option but to step in and repeatedly cut rates. They did this in an attempt to prevent complete collapse and to restart the credit-seized economy. Rates went to basically zero (and even negative in some countries), and since 2008, we have been in an era of cheap credit.
Now, we are potentially in the midst of another financial crisis. Countries across the globe are battling with inflation issues for a raft of reasons, including supply-side constraints, excessive money printing during covid, and war in Europe causing energy shortages. To battle this, central banks are raising rates in an attempt to regain control.
So does cheap access to credit really boost the economy and stimulate growth, or has it prolonged an artificial bull market in equities, over-financialised assets, incentivised mal-investment, added to the growing wealth divide and played a key role in near double-digit inflation?
Nic Carter is a Partner at Castle Island Ventures and co-founder and Chairman of Coin Metrics. In this interview, we discuss the White House bitcoin mining research paper, regulation and the role of renewables in the energy mix.
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In September, the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) published a study which looked into the climate impacts of bitcoin mining.
The report successfully acknowledged the differences between PoS and PoW, the contribution of bitcoin mining to grid flexibility & demand response and the potential to unlock stranded renewables, but the rest of the report offers little, if any merit.
Overall, the findings in this report were quite damning. The report relies on non-peer-reviewed and often totally flawed data from the likes of De Vries and Digiconomist and even cites the absurd 2018 Mora et al paper. As Nic says in his article, "The Mora reference is shocking. It's a bit like reading a scientific government report on the history of the moon landing and finding a reference to a conspiracy website claiming that the entire thing was faked."
With papers like this from the White House, the New York Mining Moratorium Bill and general growing disdain for Bitcoin mining, the US risks giving up its headstart. It is the country with the most to lose, and as we saw when China banned mining, Bitcoin is totally agnostic, and by banning, or overregulating, America won't hurt bitcoin, only itself. "If you ban it, you empower your enemies, like Russia, Iran, Venezuela, and North Korea. If you embrace it, you directly hurt them, and give their citizens tools to free themselves from those oppressive regimes."
Cathie Wood is the founder, CEO and CIO of Ark Invest. In this interview, we discuss investing in disruptive technologies, the importance of research for investment, deflationary signals, uncertainty in the Fed’s decision-making, and Ark’s continued bullish outlook for Bitcoin.
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Back in 2015, Cathie Wood’s Ark Invest became the first public fund manager to invest in Bitcoin. This was a very early trade for an institutional basis, prior to some of the major news events that have led others to have followed Ark in recent years. But this is Ark’s business, identifying nascent technologies that could serve to be the basis for real societal change.
Cathie Wood’s business strategy is to get into the detail of the markets they're interested in. This means research by informed analysts who can unpick the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats for each specific industry. Any bullish statement they make is based on hard business data, not just an extrapolation of financial performance.
The elephant in the room for Ark is that their Innovation ETF is down 75% from its highs in the early part of 2021. This has placed Ark and Cathie in the firing line of commentators. And for every negative article or tv piece, there will be a line of nervous investors seeking reassurance. This is when research pays off - it matters when you have a strong narrative to fall back on if you want to maintain investor confidence.
So, when Ark makes statements about Bitcoin we should all take note, as they’re not in the market for unwarranted hyperbole. Well, they remain one of the biggest cheerleaders for Bitcoin within the institutional space. Ark followed up a bullish prediction for Bitcoin’s valuation at the beginning of this year by doubling down on their forecast a few weeks ago: they are expecting a $1 million per coin valuation in the coming years.
In an interview with Bloomberg earlier this month, Ark stated Bitcoin is in “an arms race” against traditional finance and asset classes. Ark is confident of Bitcoin’s ability to be at the heart of a revolution in money given its multiple use cases. Seeing as their fund has tracked the performance of the S&P500 over the past few years, despite it being an extended and brutal bear market for tech stocks, you wouldn’t bet against them getting this call right.
Sam Abbassi is the founder and CEO of Hoseki. In this interview, we discuss the growing demand for proof of reserves. Whilst the use case for businesses is clear, there is also an increasing retail need: it enables individuals to use Bitcoin as collateral, but also validates financial credentials. It is another means for assimilating Bitcoin into the fiat-dominated world.
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The hodl mantra has been a vital behaviour within the Bitcoin community. It was emblematic of the transition from the current credit-based paradigm into a low-time preference mindset that reasserts storing of value. It has also been technically important in supporting the price. However, up until recently, hodling was akin to storing gold in a box or cash under a mattress. It was inward-looking.
As Bitcoin matures and its volatility declines, the value that can be ascribed to an individual by their Bitcoin holding becomes more important and useful. For a growing cohort, Bitcoin’s utility requires an outward engagement with the fiat world.
As society increasingly seeks to store value in Bitcoin, it is increasingly going to become some people’s main source of wealth. Therefore, reintegrating Bitcoin’s store of value into the arena of working capital is becoming more acceptable; there are growing opportunities to use that Bitcoin to access working capital for things such as mortgages and other loans requiring collateral.
Bitcoin can also be used to support residency applications and other activities requiring validation of financial security. It is likely that the purposes for which we need to provide proof of our Bitcoin holdings is going to increase. However, without proof of property Bitcoin has no utility beyond its resale value. How does one prove to a third party proof of property in a still nascent digital asset?
This is where Hoseki comes in. They are seeking to provide a much-needed service in the market to produce independent and trustworthy proof of Bitcoin reserves, opening up Bitcoin’s value. Being developed by Bitcoiners means that the basic principles of privacy and security are top of mind in terms of their product development. It also means they are in lockstep with the Bitcoin philosophy.
Jeff Snider is co-host of the Eurodollar University podcast and Head of Global Research at Atlas Financial Advisors. In this interview, we discuss the crazy possibility that nobody knows what money is, and as a result, nobody knows how to run or fix the economy. Central banks and governments are essentially engaged in a high-risk game of pretend.
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Every year around 800 million containers (categorised as Twenty-foot Equivalent Units, TEUs) are handled by ports every year. This represents around 80% of official global trade. Harvard has produced an incredible visualization of total global trade. They have populated the globe with the origin of exports of every type of product. Each tiny dot represents $100 million of exports. The globe is covered in a mass of tiny dots.
This complex, interconnected and shadowy web of global trade, where final products, intermediate inputs and raw materials are exchanged on a massive scale, represents about 50-60% of global GDP. The rest is made up of all kinds of activities, business investment, personal consumption and government expenditure.
The IMF predicts that the combined GDP of the world economies will exceed $100 trillion by the end of 2022. However, this is dwarfed by global wealth, which is estimated to be over $1,500 trillion. To put these numbers into context, US debt is currently estimated to be over $31 trillion, whilst global debt is reckoned to be over $300 trillion. Global finance, which helps manage and fuel global trade and debt, is expected to be valued at $25 trillion this year.
These are obvious gigantic numbers. Yet, these figures aren’t the thing that should give you pause for thought. What should stop you in your tracks is that nobody really understands the workings of this complex system, let alone is in control of the resultant global economy.
Most of the global trade is conducted in Eurodollars, which is money generated outside of any control of the US or the nexus of other countries' Central Banking/Government institutional structures. Eurodollars are not understood by the major actors involved in oversight or management roles affecting global economics. That is why nobody knows how to fix the issues with the global economy. It’s because nobody knows what money actually is.
Nik Bhatia is Author of Layered Money and founder of TheBitcoinLayer.com. In this interview, we discuss Jeff Snider’s Eurodollar ideas: how all money is credit money; why Bitcoin will be a check, but will not replace, fractional reserve banking; and how Bitcoin will complement the dollar as a generational store of value.
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Three months ago we interviewed Jeff Snider who discussed the Eurodollar system, how Central Banks aren’t in control of the levers of money, and why we could be entering a deflationary depression. The show generated a huge amount of interest, particularly because despite the Eurodollar system being opaque and poorly understood, it is arguably a central cog in the global economy.
Nik Bhatia, amongst other esteemed commentators, was compelled to respond to Jeff’s show. This is because Jeff’s ideas and the way he presents them are enlightening and engaging. There is broad agreement regarding the unacknowledged criticality of this part of the global economic system, and the resultant challenge it presents for being able to define money.
There is also consensus that inflation won’t be the runaway phenomenon some are warning of, because the impact of QE was offset by tightening in the Eurodollar market. As such, deflationary pressures could soon become apparent meaning banks should be taking more risk to stimulate growth. It is fair to state Nic is an admirer of Jeff: Nic attributes Jeff’s seminal work to helping him develop Layered Money.
However, Nic does also have some important divergent opinions from Jeff. Nik believes that the banking system isn’t out of control. Whilst it doesn’t necessarily have the power it seeks to portray it does, neither is it an impotent bystander. The recent moves to quell inflation have only just begun in earnest. Could the Fed show that it has teeth in this regard?
What is most illuminating however is their convergent ideas around Bitcoin. Whilst presented in different ways, they both see Bitcoin’s role as an important store of value. They also agree that fiat’s elasticity will continue to be a desired utility. What Nik leads on in this regard is that Bitcoin can act as a vital check on fiat and Central Banks: it makes money pluralist.
Natalie Smolenski is an Executive Director of the Texas Bitcoin Foundation and a Fellow at the Bitcoin Policy Institute. In this interview, we discuss the elimination of cash, the importance of Bitcoin to a free society, and the clear and present danger posed by CBDCs.
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Like the fable of a frog being not perceiving danger when slowly boiled, citizens in mature democracies have been surrendering to the steady erosion of their privacy and rights. The issue is that society now stands unknowingly at the edge of a precipice. Governments and compliant businesses are working on a technology that they will sell as providing utility but could herald the end of democracy: CBDCs.
Whilst Bitcoiners are aware of the dangers, it seems as though the rest of society, including decision-makers, are ignorant. Faster, less costly, more convenient payment systems - what’s the problem many will ask. The risks of providing unfettered access to arguably the most critical component of our private data do not resonate with those who have already traded their privacy with social media companies.
But, there is obviously a massive difference between surveillance capitalism and unprecendented government oversight of individuals’ financial data. And further, as Natalie Smolenski alludes to in the whitepaper she has written with Dan Held, “Why the U.S. Should Reject Central Bank Digital Currencies”, adopting CBDCs could be a one-way valve: reversing political will and technology is formidably hard. Once cash has gone, it won’t be coming back.
The battle is not only for democracy, it is for prosperity. The American experiment has shown that bottom up innovation can thrive in a free society. It is hard to imagine the industrial revolution occurring if feudalism was still the dominant form of societal organisation. It was the enlightenment, the development of ideas of freedom, tolerance, fraternity and rights that enabled humans to flourish.
This is perhaps Bitcoiners' most important fight. Education, advocacy and conviction are our weapons. Maintaining our personal sovereignty is the prize.
Lyn Alden is a macroeconomist and investment strategist. In this interview, we discuss the recent market turmoil that followed the UK government's proposed tax cuts. Why did the market reaction nearly result in the collapse of UK pension funds? What are the underlying issues? Where are we heading?
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Liz Truss became the UK’s new Prime Minister on the 6th of September. She immediately worked to develop a financial package that would protect people from unprecedented hikes in energy prices. At the same time, Truss was keen to implement a long-held economic ideology predicated on stimulating growth through low taxes and reduced regulatory burdens.
A political judgement was made to prioritise promulgating tax cuts ahead of any assessment of what spending cuts would be required to balance the budget; a huge emergency fiscal package was being combined with reductions in revenue. In the absence of any other information, the market took fright: the government wasn’t deemed to be in control of a burgeoning debt pile.
Immediately following the government announcement, the bond interest rates rose sharply whilst the British pound dropped precipitously. Despite government protests that the market response was due to external factors, the messaging was clear: the UK economy is becoming dangerously unbalanced. Within days the Bank of England had to react and start a £65 billion purchase programme to save a number of pension funds from collapse.
So, what actually happened? Experts, commentators and politicians have argued about the causes and outlook, whilst mortgage rates have rocketed such that emergency payments for energy costs will be dwarfed by additional mortgage payments. Is the UK economy at risk? If so, why, and what is the outlook? Does history teach us anything? And, fundamentally, can debt be brought back under control?
Avik Roy is president of the Foundation for Research on Equal Opportunity think tank and a policy Editor at Forbes. In this interview, we discuss how society can improve social mobility through free markets, individual liberty, innovation, social integration, energy freedom, housing growth and harnessing good deflation.
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America was built on the notion of social mobility. The ‘land of opportunity’ opened its arms to the world. And they came from all corners. Most arrived with little to their name. But countless stories of aspirational success followed. Hard work, tenacity, and innovation were rewarded. It wasn’t perfect, but the American Dream was a theme that built a new hegemonic power not on privilege, but on the closest any major power has come to meritocratic society.
That was America up to the 1970s. Since then social mobility has all but seized up, and has even started to decline. We are now entering a period when future generations are likely to be worse off than their predecessors. Is this because governments have failed? Are the libertarians right? Do we need to unshackle humans from collective interference? Or, is there a way for society to flourish with the help of institutional collaboration?
The Foundation for Research on Equal Opportunity (FREOPP) have a mission to expand “economic opportunity to those who least have it”. They provide policy advice on all the major areas of governmental concern: criminal justice, health, education, energy, finance, housing, trade etc. etc. The tools it advocates politicians use are individual liberty, free enterprise, technological innovation, and pluralism.
The aim is to make society more equal. Reducing inequality makes society more prosperous. American history is the best evidence for that. Misjudged policies and a reactive and intrusive approach from governments have allowed inequality to increase over the past decades. To change means that the status quo must be challenged.
Such change means looking forward not backwards. Whilst history can inspire, it doesn’t necessarily show the way. New ways of thinking must be embraced. The deflationary forces of innovation must be harnessed. And destructive polarisation must be defeated. American exceptionalism requires a renewed collaborative spirit. Bitcoiners can help drive that movement.
Nathaniel Harmon is an oceanographer, Bitcoiner and cofounder of OceanBit. In this interview, we discuss how an old technology deriving energy from ocean temperature differences can provide unlimited renewable baseload energy, and Bitcoin’s vital and symbiotic role.
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In the 1880s, a French engineer devised an engine that generated renewable energy from the oceans: Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC). It works by harnessing the large temperature differences between warm ocean surfaces and cold deep waters. This can occur within relatively short vertical distances (i.e. 100m). Such differences can be used to evaporate ammonia, driving a turbine, after which the ammonia can be re-liquified in a closed cycle system.
The issue since the 1880s has been the technology has not been able to achieve economies of scale in competition with cheaper energy sources i.e. coal, oil and gas. The first OTEC plant was built in the 1930s, following which a further 14 test plants have been built at various times and geographies. But, no project has been able to overcome the hurdle of progressing from prototype to operational plant.
And yet, given the size of the ocean, OTEC is the largest untapped renewable energy source in the world. Further, given the temperature differences don’t subside at night, it is a baseload supply. The potential is obviously huge. Anything that could be used to offset the capital costs of the R&D phase could lead to a new energy revolution. Enter Bitcoin.
Bitcoin mining’s utility in directly monetising energy provides significant flexibility for developing a capital-efficient OTEC prototype. Such a facility would not need to be tethered to transmission lines: it would be able to exploit the best locations for OTEC around the equator. The genius in the proposal though is that OTEC and Bitcoin mining are symbiotic: access to limitless cold water means mining efficiency can be maximised.
And there’s more. The production of energy in the ocean opens up all kinds of opportunities that could literally change the world. All from a technology that had all but been forgotten, but now stands to be reinvigorated by Bitcoin.
Harald Rauter is an environmentalist and Bitcoiner. In this interview, we discuss how UN climate change action is predicated on socio-economic scenarios that no longer apply (i.e. a cooperative world with improving equality), and how Bitcoin’s trustless market-based support for the energy transition could be the solution.
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The Paris Climate Accords in 2016 set the goal to limit global warming to below 2°C, but preferably 1.5°C, from pre-industrial levels. Following this, the UN’S Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change in 2018 produced a report setting out the impacts of global warming of 1.5°C, and the pathways to keep warming below 1.5°C.
The pathways were developed from forecasts of greenhouse gas emissions and radiative forces affecting climate change, and five different plausible scenarios of how the world may evolve in the future in socio-economic terms. These extend from an optimistic scenario where society starts shifting to a sustainable future, to a pessimistic scenario of a multi-polar world focused on national interests.
Not all of the scenarios had mitigation pathways developed. The issue is that the world has changed drastically in the short time since the IPCC produced the report: it now resembles the pessimistic scenarios for which we have no mitigation pathways. This is obviously a problem, but not one that is being widely discussed, let alone having potential solutions considered.
However, there are some working with environmental investors and policymakers who are seeing Bitcoin’s utility in a new light. The world is waking up to Bitcoin being able to support energy grids, subsidise the harnessing of stranded renewable energy and utilise waste methane. What isn’t commonly discussed is that it can do all of this without the need for cooperation: it is a trustless protocol with a market-based utility.
Bitcoin mining could potentially be an important factor in mitigating climate change and limiting warming to 1.5°C, in an uncooperative world. What is needed is for it to be accounted for in the open source modelling work the IPCC has made available. Once we can quantify its importance, we can educate the decision-makers, and the market should take care of the rest.
Nima Tabatabai is co-founder of Optimize Infrastructure. In this interview, we discuss how battery technology for energy grids, solar’s overwhelming economic case, energy sovereignty, and how combining batteries, Bitcoin and solar results in the most flexible energy assets possible.
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In 2010 solar power generated 34 terawatt hours (TWh) per year across the globe. By the end of 2021, this has increased to 1,033 TWh per year. There are a number of reasons for this dramatic increase, but a prime driver is a reduction in costs. Between 2009 and 2019 the price of electricity from solar declined by 89%. The International Energy Agency in 2020 declared solar power offered the “cheapest…electricity in history”.
As Nima Tabatabai states in this podcast, this drop in price is perhaps the greatest example of Jeff Booth’s assertion that technology is deflationary. Research and development of solar technologies have been affected positively and negatively by crises and political dogmas. Nevertheless, since the 1970s there has been a strong ‘learning effect’ across the whole production process resulting in an exponential reduction in costs.
Nevertheless, the discussion of solar energy as a reliable part of the energy mix still stirs strong negative responses. Intermittency is a major concern: solar can’t work at night, and it’s deemed to be materially ineffective in cloudy weather and at high latitudes. Essentially, detractors state solar power supply can’t efficiently fit demand. There are also issues around land requirements, input materials and waste.
But, are these concerns valid? Can solar be a reliable and sizeable source of energy? If so, what are the constraints and limitations? Could battery technology resolve concerns over intermittency? What would be needed to complement solar energy? Are our energy grids ready to assimilate decentralized power sources? And, what needs to be done to maximise the potential of Bitcoin in subsidising solar?
Nicholas Gregory is the CEO of Commerce Block, the company behind Mercury Wallet. In this interview, we discuss how they have used statechains to develop a virtual version of Opendime, the balance of trust and privacy on layer 2 protocols, and onboarding Lightning users.
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One of the most novel innovations to come out of the Bitcoin ecosystem in recent years has been Opendime. The aim was to turn Bitcoin into a version of physical cash. An Opendime, is essentially a USB stick, that can be traded between individuals without the need to confirm such transactions on the bitcoin base chain. The USB can be verified but is only redeemed by the last user, by breaking the device and accessing its private key.
Opendime enables people to use Bitcoin as anonymous, untraceable cash. The limitation is that it requires a physical transfer. That was until Mercury Wallet was launched. Mercury Wallet is essentially a layer 2 protocol based on statechains. Statechains enable the offchain transfer of UTXOs (turned into a bearer asset referred to as a "statecoin") between parties.
The limitation of statechains is the requirement for a trusted third party, in this case, Mercury Wallet. The third party is non-custodial; they collaborate as a blind partner in the cryptographic transfer of keys. Whilst there are theoretical security issues, they have been mitigated by Mercury Wallet. The issue to overcome is what tradeoffs people are willing to make between ease of use, value transfer and security requirements.
But, this is just the first of a number of growing use cases for Mecury Wallet. It enables unlimited free swaps of Bitcoin UTXOs providing privacy benefits. Through the conversion of underlying assets into statecoins, the transfer of assets using Discreet Log Contracts can be facilitated. Further, by layering the Lightning network on top of statechains, it could even enable the transfer of Lightning channels.
Tibor Ballai is the co-founder and CTO of Fortris. In this interview, we discuss the challenges of running a business on Bitcoin, how Fortis enables businesses to use Bitcoin as an operational currency, and why this will be the next step in the adoption cycle.
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It is one thing for an individual to move towards converting to a Bitcoin standard, it’s quite another for a company. Running a business is hard enough without having to navigate around emerging regulations and evolving technical innovations that come with using Bitcoin as an operational currency. Without professional support, many businesses will choose the path of least resistance, which will be sticking with fiat.
This is how companies like Fortris can provide material help in the next wave of the adoption cycle. If Bitcoin is to become a widely used form of money, obviously businesses will need to adopt it. Having both the expertise and enterprise applications to smooth the transition to Bitcoin adoption is what is required, and what Fortis can offer.
The thing is, there is a myriad of different internal policy and external regulatory hurdles that need to be overcome. Who can sign off transactions? How is the Bitcoin to be held? What are the tax implications, and methods to limit tax liabilities? How should payments, domestic and international, be managed? What are the means for using Bitcoin for payroll? How should Bitcoin treasuries be assimilated into management reporting functions?
These are the hurdles and questions that I am personally having to tackle as I use Bitcoin within both my media business and the football club that I run. So, I am as interested as anyone in what services companies like Fortris offer, and how they can help people like me maximise the benefits of Bitcoin without being tripped up by bureaucratic or technical issues.
Logan Bolinger is a lawyer and writer of the Think Bitcoin newsletter. In this interview, we discuss how he became orange pilled after concluding trust in politics is an impossible dream. We talk about how Bitcoin can help fix the broken political system and the problems caused by fiat money.
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There are many paths to Bitcoin. Cypherpunks, anarcho-capitalists and libertarians have all been attracted to Bitcoin given its rooted in protecting individual freedom, and its growing value as a powerful check on government control of money. And yet, there is now a meaningful movement of progressives within Bitcoin who have also been drawn to Bitcoin.
Beyond the mainstream media narratives that would have you believe Bitcoin is for those on the right wing, Bitcoin is for anyone, and people are finding in Bitcoin solutions to a range of perceived systemic problems. For progressives, it offers a range of mitigations and solutions to deep-rooted issues. Most notably in how to restore trust to the broken political system and help those affected by inequality.
Bitcoin is a revolution in that it empowers those who have increasingly been treated with contempt by the state, but had until recently felt powerless. It provides a chance to rebalance the social contract and strengthen democracy. And for those who want to retain the framework of the state, there is power to be drawn from the libertarian cause: rulers act differently when the ruled have a chance to opt-out and rely on a trustless system.
Opening up to Bitcoin also offers a chance to look at wider society anew. Going down the rabbit hole means awakening to the fundamentals of money, economics and banking. It brings a realisation that a lot of what activists have been focused on has been the symptoms of issues rather than the causes.
Maybe there is an alignment between those on the right and left around Bitcoin as they realise they are both being literally short-changed by the ruling elites. And, whilst being uncommon bedfellows, there is strength in numbers. And maybe the greatest strength of Bitcoin is in its ability to bring those on different sides of the aisle together to resolve some of our biggest issues.
Ryan MacLeod is a Bitcoiner working in the reactor research and safety programs at Canadian Nuclear Labs. In this interview, we discuss the importance and safety of nuclear energy, and how Ryan is trying to orange pill the nuclear industry by showing how Bitcoin aids the economic case.
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The growing consensus is that nuclear energy needs to play a critical part in providing society's energy needs. It is both a low-carbon energy source, energy-dense, and (dependent upon operation) reliable. And yet, nuclear only provides 10% of the world’s energy needs, down from 18% in 1996. Whilst the IAEA forecasts only a 12% contribution by 2050 in its high-case projection.
The issue to date has been the safety concerns regarding nuclear energy. High-profile accidents have clouded the public’s perception of the nuclear industry and influenced anti-nuclear policies in numerous countries. The build-out of new nuclear capacity dropped significantly after Chernobyl, an accident that some feared had come close to making half of Europe uninhabitable.
The reality is that Chernobyl was an accident unlike any other, which indicated the malaise of a waning superpower, rather than an industry that was inherently dangerous. Since then, reactor technology and the treatment of waste have continued to improve. We are now on the cusp of countries being able to roll out Small Modular Reactors that are cheaper, safer and more scalable than existing designs. It has the potential to revolutionize nuclear power just when we need it.
And yet, the economics of nuclear energy are still challenging. High capital costs mean that nuclear facilities need to have a high capacity to make the investment worthwhile. Cheaper energy from solar and wind are adding to the complexity of the issue. There are other uses for nuclear energy that can be monetised, but these have their own specific infrastructure and operational requirements.
This is where Bitcoin mining could provide a bridge. It eliminates the concept of surplus baseload generation, bolstering the economic bottom line of both old and new reactors. And it can do this from day one. So, could Bitcoin mining be the catalyst for a renaissance of the nuclear industry? If so, it will be young professionals such as Ryan MacLeod who are helping to lead the change.
Richard Murray is the co-founder and CEO of ORCA Computing. In this interview, we discuss the spooky and baffling effects of quantum mechanics, how ORCA is harnessing these effects to build quantum computers, and why success will be our generation's moonshot.
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The post-war period has seen an explosion in computing power. The principle underpinning modern digital computers was developed by Alan Turing in 1936 with his paper “On Computable Numbers”. The concept was that programs with instructions would be stored in memory, which would enable the computer to be programmable.
Since then, digital computers have continued to evolve at a pace. Gordon Moore (who was co-founder and CEO of Intel) predicted in 1975 (revising an earlier 1965 prediction) that the number of components in each integrated circuit would double every two years. This became known as Moore’s Law and has largely held true.
Innovative chip engineering has resulted in increases in computational power since the war that can be measured in the trillions. This is why our society has changed beyond recognition. And yet, there are limits to what we can do with computers, and limits to continued progress. A single Dutch company, ASML, provides the ultraviolet lithography machines needed to keep pace with Moore's Law. We are reaching the physical limits of increasing transistors to further computational power.
A potential solution to this barrier could be by using the spooky effects of quantum mechanics. Computers work using a binary system, where computation has 2 possible discrete answers: 0 or 1. The effect of quantum mechanics means a computation can dispense with the discrete answer: the solution can be 0 or 1, or any combination of 0 and 1 at the same time. Harnessing this will turn the rapid evolution of computer science into a rapid revolution.
When we can access unimaginable computational power what will be possible? In our specific sphere, what does this mean for Bitcoin mining and encryption more broadly? What does this mean for wider society? What are the ethical ramifications? All of these are questions that we should be grappling with, even though nobody can still explain what causes the spooky phenomena in quantum mechanics!
Pascal Gauthier is the CEO of Ledger. In this interview, we discuss how to build and grow a business in a bear market, making the business part of the mission, how nation-states are trying to steal Bitcoins, the vulnerability of software wallets to hacks at scale, and why freedom is not something that we should bargain for.
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Ledger is a French hardware wallet manufacturer. Founded in 2014, it is now a market leader, providing 2 of the leading hardware wallets on the market, with sales in over 165 countries. It’s valuation is at least $1.5 billion. In July it was seeking to raise $100 million to fund further expansion at the exact time as other digital currency companies were struggling to stay afloat. How has this company continued to grow throughout the recent bear market?
The company is clear-eyed about the criticality of the Bitcoin mission: the opportunity to regain personal financial freedoms that have been eroded over time. And freedom has always required security: they are interdependent. It’s just that the weapons have changed over time. Today, a state can hold a person captive by denying them access to uncensorable private money. So, today, freedom is nothing without digital security for money.
Ledger has made their mission to provide the market with personal security for its digital assets. What differentiates Ledger from other companies is that they see business as the means to achieve the mission: a ruthless pragmatism that acknowledges that without money we will never achieve or retain freedom. This is because security is an arms race.
Hacking is now a state-level enterprise: Russia, North Korea, and China are just some of the nations that have invested heavily in developing cyber warfare skills. This has contributed to: 300,000 new pieces of malware being created every day; a hacker attack occurring every 39 seconds; yet, the chance a cybercrime is detected and prosecuted in the US is 0.05%.
This means security in the nascent yet highly valuable digital assets industry is an asymmetric balance of power, so those seeking to provide security solutions need to invest and focus. Ledger does both. It invests heavily in R&D. And, it only provides air-gapped hardware that performs a singular security function. That is why they are successful. And that is good for Bitcoin.
Ben Arc is a free open-source software advocate and founder of LNbits. In this interview, we discuss how LNbits helps to decentralize custodianship and how Bitcoin’s widescale utility outweighs the environmental FUD.
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In April of this year, Arcane Research published the 2nd volume of its “The State of Lightning” report. It showed adoption of the payments system is growing rapidly. Transaction and usage data indicate exceptional growth (e.g. since January 2021 capacity on the Lightning network has increased by 450%). However, they don’t provide the full picture: equally important is the flourishing ecosystem.
There are well over a hundred companies working directly with Lightning: developing operating systems, node and liquidity services, wallets, payment infrastructure, financial services, rewards programs, gaming, podcast/streaming and social media payment options etc. etc. The investment such companies are attracting is growing: the prize is access to the world's best payment rail.
LNbits are providing the services of a Point of Sale payment and accounting technology. Its founder, Ben Arc, started hacking hardware to integrate Lightning functionality after attending the very first Lightning hack day in 2018. Since then he has taken a passion to contribute free open-source software for the community, into a VC-funded business seeking to bring scalable products to market.
LNbits already has a free open-source Lightning wallet/accounts system with an array of extensions enabling users to create paywalls, faucets, offline shops, and even a jukebox! But Ben continues to hack hardware: he has created a Lightning ATM that he provided a live demo of during the show. Those who attend Real Bedford should soon be able to see one of these!
Ben is looking to help grow the adoption of a technology that can provide freedom through decentralization. This will occur once we make these technically sophisticated innovations easy to use, and equally, easy to develop as open-source projects. Lightning is the innovation that enables Bitcoin to scale, and LNbits is part of the growing ecosystem we need to help Lightning to scale.
Peter Young is the managing director of the Free Cities Foundation. In this interview, we discuss the development of autonomous administrative areas around the world called ‘free cities’, where new types of governance can be offered to citizens outside the control of existing states.
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Paul Romer, former chief economist at the World Bank and a Nobel prize winner, proposed in 2009 the concept of Charter Cities. Romer was trying to tackle the problem of stagnant investment in the Global South arising from bad governance. The solution was to evolve the idea behind special economic zones and create autonomous city-states within existing countries.
The autonomy would extend to alternate legal and political systems from the host nation, and to the provision of services by private organisations. An advanced guarantor country would protect the legal rights of residents. The idea was that such cities would become trusted centres predicated on good rules, attracting investment, firms and people, the benefits of which then filter beyond the cities' boundaries into the host country.
The Free City Foundation have taken Romer’s idea and sought to implement it in different parts of the world. The aim is to provide citizens with alternatives to the status quo: establishing new legal, financial and municipal relationships with residents. The ideology is to reduce the size of the modern state, which is considered to act in its own self-interest at the expense of society.
There are a number of different scales of initiatives for the Free City Foundation: from intentional communities to prosperity zones, all the way to Free Private Cities. Prospera in Honduras is a working example of a Free City: a new settlement on the island of Roatán is being developed within its own civil law, regulatory agencies and taxation; although it must still adhere to the Honduran constitution, international treaties and criminal law.
But this is only the start: many more examples are being developed across the world. Perhaps the most innovative idea is Seasteading, where independent communities are developed in international waters, outside of the jurisdiction of existing governments. Are these initiatives viable and preferable alternatives to the nation-state? That may be too early to tell, but there is a growing number of investors who think they are the future of civilisation.
Eric Yakes is the author of ‘The 7th Property’. In this interview, we discuss the possible Bitcoin banking systems that could emerge when Bitcoin reaches maturity. We consider the forms of banking that developed in the past, and the new forms of banking Bitcoin and the Lightning Network could engender.
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One of the major changes brought about by Bitcoin is that it encourages those who discover it to study and question money. It is an awakening, which changes the concept of finance, and the balance of power between the state and individuals. Not only does this upend the confidence in state control monetary systems, it also makes people question state-regulated banking systems.
The idea that there are alternatives gives optimism to those who have railed against fractional reserve banking. Expanding the money supply beyond that covered by reserves was deemed by some to have been a primary driver of the global financial crisis. Further, it has given rise to a generation of central bankers who are more comfortable with printing money.
The promise of Bitcoin is the return to full reserve banking: a balance between deposits and lending. However, whilst this mitigates the chaos of deleveraging from unsustainable debt, it may also hinder long-term investment. These are the basic outlines of the major economic arguments that have separated the Austrians from the Keynsians, which have defined the push and pull of western monetary policies in the post-war period.
Irrespective of the merits of either side of the debt around the usefulness of credit, Bitcoin could be expected to work in a spectrum of societal approaches to credit. The question, therefore, is what banking systems will Bitcoin and the Lightning Network facilitate?
Will the nature of banking remain similar to the present, will there be a renaissance of old forms of banking, or will the market evolve new forms of banking? Each scenario is complete with a set of tradeoffs. But, Bitcoin’s scarcity, combined with its utility as a digital permissionless uncensorable global monetary system, opens up a world of possibilities.
Obi Nwosu is a co-founder of Fedimint and a board member for Jack Dorsey’s and Jay-Z’s ₿trust. In this interview, we discuss how Fedimint builds upon various innovations to create community Bitcoin banks, with the aim of fully realising Bitcoin’s potential to bank the unbanked.
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In 2018, Bitcoin Magazine asked Andreas Antonopoulos to reflect on 10 years of Bitcoin. He remarked that not everybody needs Bitcoin; “the real impact of this technology is on the other 6 billion: the unbanked, the underbanked, the politically oppressed.” Whilst Bitcoin has the utility to help those living outside of the financial system, in its current form it still lacks the functionality and scalability to adopt the majority of people who, as Andreas stated, really need it.
Bitcoin has multiple constraints, but a principal issue is expecting the unbanked to be able to self-custody. The answer to this problem lay in work undertaken by one of the original cypherpunks. In 1989 David Chaum created Digicash. Despite the venture eventually failing, decades later it helped pave the way for Bitcoin, and, now it is the basis for Fedimint.
Chaum’s innovation was to create blind mints: digital banks where communities can deposit and utilise digital dollars, and where the custodians have no access to any of the user data. But it was a chance meeting between Obi Nwosu and Eric Sirion at a hackers congress in Prague last year that dusted off Chaum’s work and give it new life, with the aim of opening up Bitcoin to the masses. As a result, Fedimint was born in 2021. It attracted the sponsorship of Blockstream.
Fedimint operates outside of the Bitcoin blockchain, and the idea is that the custody will be managed by trusted members of a community. Custodial risk is reduced through the ability to have such mints federated, where the operation operates as a multi-sig. Obi believes that after the provision of decentralised censorship-resistant money and payments, Fedimint is the third pillar of Bitcoin. It offers the real opportunity to scale Bitcoin into a global currency.
The Rational Root is a Bitcoin on-chain & cycle analyst and in this interview, we discuss developing & using Bitcoin price models. We look in detail specifically at his Bitcoin Spiral Models, Bitcoin hodl price models and Bitcoin halving & cycle charts.
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Bitcoin is currently in a bear market that the vast majority failed to predict. In fact, late last year, there was a lot of talk about $100k, $200k+ bitcoin that clearly failed to materialise. While bitcoin has experienced drops like this before, this time, the cycles played out differently.
So why are we in a bear market? Alongside the wider macro environment of the fed tightening and raising interest rates, Bitcoin was dragged down by the collapse of Terra/Luna and the subsequent Three Arrows Capital & Celcius meltdown (amongst others), and in June, the price got as low as $17,500.
Since then, bitcoin has been relatively stable, bouncing between $20k-$25k. Onchain analysis shows that since the June bottom, bitcoin has been under heavy accumulation. The question now is, where is the bottom and have we already hit it?
Lyn Alden is a macroeconomist and investment strategist. In this interview, we discuss her latest paper on the Lightning Network (LN). We focus on the importance of Bitcoin’s base layer, how LN compares to Visa and Mastercard, and how LN is connecting the world in new and revolutionary ways.
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To understand the Lightning Network, you need to go back and understand money: what attributes does it need to have, and what are the best means of facilitating these attributes?
Bitcoiners believe it to be the latest evolution in money. It has the best combination of features of any previous version of money: it is hard, auditable, portable, uncensorable, immutable, fungible, trustless and decentralised. Yet, Bitcoin’s Achilles’ heel, and the question that plagued its first decade, was how it could scale to become an effective medium of exchange.
The capacity of the Bitcoin network is purposefully limited to ensure that the network can remain as decentralised as possible. For Bitcoin to operate as a medium of exchange, a transactional layer needed to be built on top of the network.
This is the Lightning Network. It's designed to provide an instant and cheap payment system connecting the world.
Max Hillebrand is an economist and open-source entrepreneur who runs Agora Towards Liberty. In this interview, we discuss the release of Wasabi Wallet 2.0 that he has been contributing to, the importance of CoinJoin, providing easy privacy for everyone, and why the personal risks of facilitating privacy are worth it.
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Every year increasing volumes of personal digital data are being leaked. As the general public doesn’t perceive the impacts to be immediately damaging, there is insufficient consideration for the risks posed by this creeping encroachment on privacy. But, it is the replacement of cash by digital currencies that is causing privacy advocates real cause for concern.
Removing people’s ability to transact is perhaps the most potent means of control outside of internment. Monitoring and censoring personal transactions by both private institutions and the state is becoming increasingly common. As we saw in Canada, the temptation to use such draconian measures can be too much for governments of all persuasions to resist.
Bitcoin’s censorship resistance is therefore the right tool at the right time. However, maximising the privacy utility of Bitcoin requires certain practices to be adopted by the user, and the application of the right tools. CoinJoin is one such practice, which re-establishes Bitcoin’s fungibility by breaking the traceability of UTXOs. The issue to date has been that such a technique requires reasonably advanced technical skills.
This is where Wasabi Wallet 2.0 seeks to help. It comes with CoinJoin as an automatic built-in function. Privacy as standard. This is a potential game-changer: privacy is obviously easier to maintain when more people are able to remain private.
Ben de Waal is the VP of Engineering for Swan Bitcoin. In this interview, we discuss living on bitcoin, what it means to be a libertarian socialist, the issues with capitalism and why Bitcoin should be a home for those on the left and the right.
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The last year has been marked by a growing interest in Bitcoin from progressives. A number of high-profile liberal names have emerged from within the community extolling the utility of Bitcoin. But, this is not a new phenomenon: the community has always been a home for the full spectrum of views. Further, there are important reasons why Bitcoin appeals to those on both the left and the right.
Bitcoin has garnered a strong libertarian following. This was something Satoshi envisioned: in 2008 he stated in a post “It's very attractive to the libertarian viewpoint if we can explain it properly.” This was successful; there are many who have been attracted to the Bitcoin community for its potential to provide an alternative to state-controlled currency, and thereby limit the size of government.
This alignment with the right has acted as a barrier to some on the left. But not all. The original cypherpunks philosophy was predicated on anarchist ideals, to work outside of government controls. This attitude is analogous to those on the left who feel disenfranchised by the current global capitalist hegemony. Bitcoin too offers those on the left a chance to opt-out of what they perceive to be a broken system. Increasing numbers are waking up to this opportunity.
The issue is obviously that the left and the right have been at loggerheads for centuries. Over this time debate has evolved into grandstanding. Misconceptions have been allowed to fester on both sides. This has been supercharged by social media where the general aim now is to marginalise an opposing opinion rather than seek to analyse and potentially assimilate different ideas.
If Bitcoin really is freedom money, then it needs to be a home to people of all opinions. The issue is that our society has become polarised; a winner takes all attitude has metastasized. We need to reaffirm the basis of a strong democratic system: a pluralistic society that tolerates and supports multiple centres of power. Where ideas are debated, solutions are found, and progress is made. We need the same philosophical approach as the United States' founding fathers.
Mark Goodwin is the director of print editorial at Bitcoin Magazine. In this interview, we discuss the US government's sanctions on Tornado Cash, the upcoming Ethereum merge, and why this is vitally important for the future of Bitcoin.
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On 24th August, the Ethereum Foundation's Protocol Support team announced the Ethereum merge is expected to take place between September 10th and September 20th. The event marks Ethereum’s shift from proof-of-work to proof-of-stake, which would eliminate mining from the network consensus mechanism.
However, major concerns are surfacing that move beyond the well-worn battle lines. There is a growing desire for the Ethereum PoW consensus to continue resulting in a network fork. But, Ethereum has effectively been co-opted by USDC and USDT stablecoins. Because these stablecoins are widely used on the network and due to the centralised nature of these stablecoins, the issuers can throw around their financial weight by deciding which fork to censor. And the organisations behind these stablecoins have shown a readiness to comply with state sanctions. What will this make Ethereum?
On the same day of the merge announcement, a Dutch judge ruled that the developer of the Tornado Cash mixing service on the Ethereum blockchain must stay in jail for 90 days as he awaits charges. What these charges will be is not necessarily clear at the moment, but it seems that authorities will tie it into hacking and money laundering schemes.
The Dutch action was coordinated with (and probably orchestrated by) the US government, which has imposed sanctions on addresses associated with Tornado Cash. The actions by the State Department are reminiscent of the original battles with cypher punks in the 1990s that resulted in the first “Code is Speech” ruling. Do they want to retest that ruling?
These events, on the face of things, reinforce the unique position of Bitcoin. But, any rejoicing would miss the existential dangers. The state may be setting a precedent to outlaw code, sending a message to developers seeking to protect privacy which is already having a chilling effect, whatever the protocol.
Could we be witnessing the development of a state-coerced digital currency?
Anita Posch is a fellow Bitcoin podcaster, author, advocate, and educator. In this interview, we discuss her mission to educate Bitcoin educators in emerging countries, the challenges Africans face using Bitcoin, and the numerous innovative Bitcoin initiatives happening in Africa.
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Bitcoin has a tremendous capacity to help people, particularly those living in emerging economies, but a lot of people associate it directly with scams. A large part of this is due to misreporting within mainstream media. Traditional media outlets have incredible reach but seem to lack the care required to provide authoritative balance.
Last Saturday, The Times printed an article with the headline “How the Bitcoin boom led to ‘a giant fleecing of ordinary people’”. The article focused on the numerous events in crypto over the past few months that have wiped out retail investors. But, at no point in the article is there any attempt to differentiate Bitcoin from the crypto market.
The Bitcoin community is therefore lucky to have fearless advocates like Anita Posch, pushing back against the mainstream FUD to educate people on the ground level. This is hard, lonely, but vital work, to provide access to uncensorable money to those who need it the most. It is this type of work that has made the growth and adoption of Bitcoin, despite all the obstacles, a silent revolution.
Anita has focused a lot of attention on Africa. She has visited and helped people throughout the continent. Against a backdrop of countries suffering from crippling inflation, corruption and strict currency controls, there are numerous innovative initiatives empowering ordinary people through Bitcoin. These are inspirational stories of normal people doing extraordinary things.
But Anita is one person. She is therefore focused on maximising her impact by educating the educators. To this end, Anita has set up a non-profit initiative, Bitcoin for Fairness. Please give generously. That way you can help Bitcoin’s silent revolution to continue.
Matthew Mežinskis is the creator of the Crypto Voices podcast and Porkopolis Economics website. In this interview, we discuss Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and the refutation of justifications for the war on the basis of Russia’s security needs and threats from Ukrainian Nazis.
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On the 24th February, Vladimir Putin ordered Russian troops to invade its neighbour Ukraine. It is the first major conflict in Europe since World War 2, this time pitting East Slav against East Slav. The ramifications of the war will be felt for decades to come. Yet, at the moment, analysts and commentators are still struggling to make sense of the rapidly shifting present.
Despite the uncertainty regarding how the conflict will play out, it seemed as though the ideological battlegrounds were clear: Putin, a ruthless autocratic leader in charge of a mafia state, has aggressively and unilaterally invaded a sovereign nation defying international law, destabilising the wider region, and causing significant issues in global energy and food markets.
However, some of those who have cast a rightfully critical eye over post-World War 2 American foreign policy, particularly its proclivity for armed combat, looked at Russia’s actions through a different lens. To them, Russia had credible security concerns.
Does a nation that has been invaded twice in recent centuries by European powers have legitimate concerns over NATO expansions toward its borders? Furthermore, are the alarming claims of powerful ultra right-wing within Ukraine’s armed forces fighting along Russia’s borders reliable?
To those for whom the conflict resonates personally, where TV images show familiar locations and victims with a shared history, these are incredibly emotive subjects. It becomes more than an intellectual disagreement, and there is little room for nuance. But, even for those of us without an intimate connection, Putin’s historical record and the evidence that Russia is engaging in brutal atrocities against unarmed civilians of all ages, should bring clarity to our perspective.
Maajid Nawaz is a UK-based counter-extremism activist, author and content producer. In this interview, we discuss his membership of a fundamentalist pan-Islam political group, imprisonment in Egypt, and returning to the UK to work on counter-extremism. We also discuss being forced to leave his position as a presenter on LBC.
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Maajid Nawaz experienced first-hand the rise of Islamic extremism through the 1990s. At the time terrorism was not viewed to be a major global issue: it was confined to specific pockets around the world or used by individuals expressing narrow ideological views. This was when Nawaz was a senior member of a political organisation pushing for the establishment of an Islamic caliphate.
Then 9/11 happened, which brought the threat of Islamic terrorism sharply into focus. Nawaz and like-minded people were now perceived to be the enemy by a growing political alliance. Nawaz was in Egypt, arriving a day before 9/11. He was picked up and imprisoned for 4 years in Egypt’s most notorious prison. He witnessed torture and was subject to a period in solitary confinement.
Following pressure from Amnesty amongst others, Nawaz was eventually released and returned to the UK. Rather than turn to thoughts of revenge, Nawaz sort to break the cycle of violence. He renounced his Islamist past and then co-founded a counter-extremist foundation. He ended up advising leaders around the world, including UK Prime Minister David Cameron and US President George Bush.
Nawaz is now a content producer seeking to cover a range of issues: politics, security and human rights, Jihadism, Nationalism, China's ill-treatment of Uighurs, and the Covid lockdowns. His dissenting views on the orthodoxy regarding vaccines led to him being forced to leave as a presenter on the talk radio station LBC and becoming an independent voice.
There is a certain clarity of thought that comes from having experienced at close quarters how the geo-political landscape has shifted and changed over the past two decades. Nawaz has clear ideas on how the world works, how institutions and systems behave, and why we must question the mainstream narrative. When all systems lean toward power, it is important for some to lean in the opposite direction.
Matthew Mežinskis is the creator of the Crypto Voices podcast and Porkopolis Economics website. In this interview, we discuss the definition of money, the importance of credit and fractional reserve banking, and how “not your keys, not your coins” equally applies to bank deposits.
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WBD528, “Everything You Know About the Economy is Wrong with Jeff Snider”, was one of our most discussed shows of recent months. Jeff presented a number of challenging and yet fascinating ideas, that have now spurred a second interview responding to some of the issues raised.
A principle issue was Jeff’s assertion that the system lacks understanding and control. When asked whether he could define money Jeff replied “No, I actually don't. That's I think that's the general problem. Even the Federal Reserve or central banks, economists, they can't define money either.”
Matthew Mežinskis respectfully disagrees: he thinks that there are tried and tested specific definitions that make money comprehensible to all. Matthew promotes the idea that money is chiefly a medium of exchange, and that there are two distinct types of money: base money that confers ownership, and fiduciary money which is a claim for ownership.
Further, Matthew is of the opinion that, whilst criticism of the Fed is valid, it isn’t the ignorant and inefficient organisation some portray it to be. From this cascades a series of additional opinions that are at odds with the mainstream narrative within Bitcoin circles: credit is a natural means of human interaction, that has enabled civilisations to flourish; whilst fractional reserve banking is a necessary part of capital allocation within the economy, and cash use continues to be vibrant.
And yet, in line with the truism that Bitcoiners are a broad church, Matthew is a strong advocate for Bitcoin. He sees that it promises real improvement to the current economic system. He just sees it through a different lens. In this worldview is Bitcoin an evolution rather than a revolution?
Junseth is an OG Bitcoiner and the former co-host of Bitcoin Uncensored. In this interview, we discuss how the early days of Bitcoin mirror the issues we’re seeing in the ecosystem today: over leverage, unsustainable returns, greed and excessive confidence that the party won’t end.
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The contagion in the DeFi market over the past few months has seemed unprecedented. Major companies wiped out. Investors rekt. Confidence turned to panic. Commentators have been declaring that the recent events are an existential crisis: this time Bitcoin is really dead.
As one of the OG Bitcoiners, Junseth was part of the initial wave who eulogized and expanded on what the innovation could possibly mean for the world before the world had heard of Bitcoin. Then, between 2015-2017, he hosted the uncompromising podcast Bitcoin Uncensored, with Chris DeRose. They exposed false promises and scams prevalent in the space.
Past is, as they say, prologue. And the past events that triggered the development of Bitcoin, and its early days, rhyme with the present.
Junseth connects the over-leverage within traditional finance, which was the predicate for Satoshi’s message in the genesis block, with the excessive confidence and greed that has been the root of the cascading collapse of DeFi companies. In turn, the untenable yields prevalent within the altcoin markets were a practice employed by scammers working with Bitcoin nearly a decade ago.
What are the important lessons to learn? Humans are creatures of habit: scams and greed will always follow the money. But, is the more important lesson that the unnecessary complexity of the grift that develops diverts from the principle simplicity of Bitcoin? Is the innovation of digital value the singular utility? Will those motivated by greed, therefore, miss the real purpose of Bitcoin? Should we instead follow the actions of those motivated by need?
Paul Sztorc is an independent Bitcoin researcher. In this interview, we discuss drivechains, his 2015 proposal that’s the focus of BiP 300 and 301. Drivechains facilitate sidechains on Bitcoin, providing a bridge to new coins. The aim is to enable developer creativity atop Bitcoin.
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In October 2014 Adam Back and other prominent Bitcoin developers introduced the concept of sidechains to Bitcoin’s infrastructure. In the paper, they stated “We propose a new technology, pegged sidechains, which enables bitcoins and other ledger assets to be transferred between multiple blockchains. This gives users access to new and innovative cryptocurrency systems using the assets they already own.”
Paul Sztorc then developed a proposal for a version of sidechains in 2015 that were linked to Bitcoin’s mainchain. This proposal would improve on the original sidechain idea in several ways: it did not require independent miners for the sidechains, and further, it did not require a hard-fork of Bitcoin.
A principle driver was to enable developers to create innovations within Bitcoin, outside of the need to develop separate token ecosystems. Various features, including a 1:1 peg, and a delayed redemption period, were designed to mitigate the incentive to create new alternative tokens for purely selfish financial reasons, whilst facilitating an ecosystem for innovation.
In short, it was designed to remove the marketplace for altcoins altogether, allowing Bitcoin to foster experimentation. And yet, whilst being the basis for two Bitcoin Improvement Proposals, drivechains are still yet to be adopted by the community. This is perhaps not a surprise given Bitcoin’s focus on dependability and reasonable concerns about impinging on Bitcoin’s robust security.
But, are these concerns valid?
Of course, the idea that we could retain a fixed monetary supply on a secure base layer, and at the same time have the freedom to experiment with new privacy technologies and programmability seems like the best of both worlds. The question remains why this strategy has not yet been broadly supported and adopted by the network. The “work slowly and build things” philosophy in Bitcoin is a core pillar of the Bitcoin value proposition as a reliable monetary protocol. But can drivechains be a way of enabling Bitcoin to become the gravitational centre for developers? Or, do Drivechains pose an existential choice between security and progress?
Jason Maier is a teacher and progressive Bitcoiner. In this interview, we discuss his inspiration for writing a book setting out his case, as a progressive, for Bitcoin. The public narrative and FUD around Bitcoin are antithetical to progressives, yet, its utility is aligned with progressive ideals.
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Bitcoin should be a broad church. The original cypherpunks philosophy was predicated on anarchist ideals, to work outside of government controls. This attitude is analogous to a wide variety of political philosophies, including those on the left who feel disenfranchised by the current global capitalist hegemony. And yet, Bitcoin has historically been viewed as being antithetical to progressives.
The mainstream narrative is that Bitcoiners are predominantly libertarian, with explicit views on the need to reduce the size of the state, the coercive nature of taxation, and the importance of self-reliance. In addition, there is significant criticism about the environmental harm being done by Bitcoin mining through its energy demands. Given our polarised society, it’s not surprising that progressives are immediately turned off.
And yet, there has been a marked increase in the number of progressive voices entering the community over the past few years. These people have risen to prominence given their impassioned and articulate advocacy for Bitcoin. It is a new wave of orange-pilled adoption that has identified broad utility that is aligned to, rather than being at odds with, progressive ideals.
Whether it’s that Bitcoin is providing sovereignty and security to marginalized communities, that Bitcoin acts as a constraint to unfettered government economic power, or that Bitcoin is actually enabling market-driven solutions to environmental issues - there are many obvious fact-based reasons why progressives should be enthused by the application of Satoshi’s innovation.
The reason why the increase in left-leaning adoption hasn’t turned into a flood is in part due to education. There are a limited number of resources available to those starting on their Bitcoin journey. This is where people like Jason Maier hope to make a difference. Material written by a progressive will provide an authentic message specifically tailored to this audience.
This should be exciting for all Bitcoiners. If Bitcoin is to become global money we need as wide an audience as possible to see value in it.
There is a growing a powerful backlash against Bitcoin mining. In the past 2 months: New York’s legislative assembly established a moratorium on mining based on PoW; Dick Durbin, the second highest ranked Democrat in the Senate, tweeted that Bitcoin mining uses “obscene amounts of energy”; the European Central Bank indicated that a ban on PoW is likely by 2025.
The problem is that the growing movement against Bitcoin mining, specifically its use of energy to satisfy PoW consensus protocol, defies logic. The FUD and the facts don’t align. The reality is Bitcoin mining is providing unprecedented utility to society. It is helping to mitigate methane emissions at landfill and oil fields, whilst also providing a unique demand that stabilizes energy grids.
The concern is that the FUD is orientated along political lines. The movement against Bitcoin mining is more heavily resourced by democratic and left-leaning groups. Therefore, is the growing progressive support for Bitcoin more than just beneficial to its wider adoption? Could it be vital to dispel the disinformation? Is Bitcoin’s future dependent upon a de-polarisation of the ecosystem?
Whatever the trajectory of the discussion, one thing is clear: Harry Sudock is one of the most clear-eyed, passionate and articulate voices within our industry. With people of such uncompromising yet pragmatic vision, we have the resources to win the battle of ideas. The Bitcoin community’s role is to help circulate the facts amongst the groups spreading the FUD.
Hyperbitcoinization has long been discussed within Bitcoin circles. To some it is an inevitability, to others, it is a pipedream. Notwithstanding the differences of opinion, it is generally assumed the process requires top-down nation-state actions. In the meantime, adopting, using and living with Bitcoin is a ‘side hustle’ to the practical reality of having to operate within a fiat economic system.
However, it shouldn’t be a surprise that amongst the growing number of people promoting freedom money, there is a growing community who are going all in on Bitcoin. At the extreme end of ‘getting off zero’ in terms of Bitcoin adoption, there is a movement promoting ‘getting on zero’ in terms of fiat rejection. It’s hyperbitcoinization at the individual level.
But how does one go about using Bitcoin as your personal medium of exchange and unit of account? There are a number of technical issues that need to be addressed: our fiat economic system is deeply embedded into every facet of our way of life. But there are current and emerging technologies that can assist in that process.
But arguably more important than the practical issues that need to be surmounted is the change in attitude that’s required to make this financial adjustment. Our fiat economy is also deeply embedded into our individual and collective psychologies. A change in mindset is required, particularly in relation to price.
This approach is not for everyone. Different people have specific personal needs and responsibilities that make ‘getting off zero’ unfeasible at this stage of Bitcoin’s adoption cycle. It is not a dogmatic and fanatical action, coercing others to follow suit. But at the same time, ‘getting off zero’ should be applauded as being perhaps the ultimate vote of confidence in Bitcoin.
David Morris is the Chief Insights Columnist at CoinDesk. In this interview, we discuss the contagion that has ripped through the crypto market, and how it mirrors the worst failings of the 2008 financial crisis. Is regulation required for crypto to protect people from getting rekt?
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Over the past few months, the crypto industry has experienced a series of seismic events resulting in yet untold numbers of retail investors being wiped out. Those to blame are considered to be, at best, criminally negligent. What the heck happened?
By now, the “I told you so” refrain has long been worn out amongst groups of Bitcoiners. Unfeasibly high APRs, complex stablecoin algorithmic pegs, crypto funds attracting huge amounts of capital - this was background noise that many just cancelled out by a blanket rejection of the whole sector.
But there were targeted warnings of danger within the altcoin ecosystem. Those with a keen interest in the sector, who couldn’t be co-opted, started to investigate the fabulous promises being offered. They found alarming weaknesses, obvious failings and ruinous incentives structures. The red flags were hoisted, but, by this time, too many were caught up in the hysteria to take notice.
As we start to undertake the autopsy, on what is still metaphorically a warm body, the obvious questions arise. How did we as a collective let this happen? How can we stop this from happening again? Are we in the same position as the banking sector following the global financial crisis? Do we need regulations to enforce protections for investors?
Lyn Alden is a macroeconomist and investment strategist. In this interview, we discuss the fundamentals of the current global economy: the Eurodollar system, central banks, money printing, debt, inflation and deflation.
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WBD528, “Everything You Know About the Economy is Wrong with Jeff Snider”, was very popular with listeners. It raised the concept of the global economy being controlled by the Eurodollar system, an esoteric and opaque financial market outside of the control of the United States. The issues emanating from this theory are manifold, not least that central banks aren’t in control.
A common request was to have us discuss the issues arising from Jeff Snider’s arguments with Lyn Alden. Lyn has written extensively about these issues: her November 2020 paper “Banks, QE, and Money-Printing” is a peer-leading explanation of QE. It clarified why, up to the end of 2020, QE hadn’t led to the inflation that many commentators had been warning of since 2007.
Jeff and Lyn are aligned on the theory that the Eurodollar system is a critical driver of the global economy, and that the risk of deflation is of concern. The differences in opinion center on the importance of sovereign debt. Jeff thinks we need more debt to unlock liquidity and combat recessionary forces. Lyn’s concern is that unprecedented levels of indebtedness, in the context of recessionary forces, are an existential threat.
Could the Ponzi scheme fall apart? The warning signs are there: the issues in the repo market in 2019; the breaking of the US treasury market in 2020; numerous currency crises around the world, which include developed economies.
If the situation is at risk of collapse, what are the mitigations? There seems to be no official alternative to the central banks' plan to continue printing money to resolve economic problems. But, as Japan may be finding, that approach may have its natural limits. The risks are apparent, whilst the solutions are limited. Maybe we need to have Jeff and Lyn debate in person.
Dan Weintraub is a retired history teacher, author and Bitcoin advocate. In this interview, we discuss how fiat money results in a cycle of increasing consumption to meet our need for stimuli, destroying our neurological systems, and how Bitcoin arrests and reverses this cycle.
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Previous societies had been more spiritually centered and had long regarded the roots of materialism (i.e. pride, greed, lust, envy etc.) as being the worst of sins. Then, following industrialisation, materialism has been distorted and promoted as a desirable mindset. The capitalist rationale is obvious: meeting people's needs generates wealth.
But, have fiat currencies locked the capitalist system into a dangerous charade? Increased debt within the system means there is a need for increasing economic activity. This can be met by exploiting people to create superficial desires and wants beyond their actual needs. Advertising is now a ubiquitous facet of modern living: a 24/7/365 machine of selling.
Thus, it is not surprising that as materialism has grown, so has the reaction to it. It has long been lambasted as being harmful to society: excessive consumption can be at once wasteful, polluting and divisive. However, increasing concern has been raised over its destructive effects on human neurology: our brains are being rewired, and we have lost the memory of an alternate way to live.
Materialism enslaves us in an elusive search for satisfying stimuli. A lot of our consumption is driven by an addiction to our brain's chemical reaction: a release of endorphins and dopamine gives us momentary pleasure. With the body's exposure to any drug, we build tolerance. Then, we need a greater high to satisfy our need for stimulation. We’re biologically locked in.
Bitcoin is heralded as the opportunity for a new and more honest economic paradigm. The question is though whether Bitcoin can reset more than just the economic system; can it reset our damaged neurological systems? Can it enable us to re-establish an understanding of the path to more centered and happy lives?
Steven Lubka is Managing Director of Private Client Services at Swan Bitcoin. In this interview, we discuss the true meaning of inflation, the different types of inflation, and why this means Bitcoin is the best hedge against monetary inflation. We also discuss the crazy alchemy of bonds.
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Given Bitcoin’s fixed monetary policy and increasing scarcity, it has long been promoted as being a reliable inflation hedge. It was one of Bitcoin’s principal utilities. Then the consumer price index (CPI) began to rise, Bitcoin’s price tracked downwards, and commentators rushed to dismiss the “inflation hedge” theory. This included Bank of America, Mark Cuban, and a wave of financial journalists.
However, inflation is a broad term used to describe a range of phenomena within an economy. Generally, people ascribe inflation to increases in the price of goods. Originally though, inflation has been defined as an increase in the money supply. These definitions matter in examining whether Bitcoin has failed as an inflation hedge. Have people used the wrong definition?
The failure of the inflation hedge theory relates directly to the decrease in Bitcoin’s price whilst the CPI has increased over the past few months. Changes in the CPI can be caused by increased money supply, but they are also driven by supply-side changes such as supply chain shocks resulting from the pandemic and more recently the war in Ukraine.
We are going through a period of money supply deflation as the economies of the world are starting to contract. Prices are going up whilst value is going down.
Yet, significant money supply inflation has occurred since 2008. Various measures of broad money show that the US Fed has increased the money supply around 3 times since the global financial crisis. Over the same period, Bitcoin was launched, established a price, and grew to a market capitalization on par with some of the world's major currencies.
As the money supply has expanded, Bitcoin’s value has increased. Now money supply is contracting Bitcoin’s price has decreased. So, has Bitcoin actually done what it set out to do and hedge against monetary inflation? Is the real issue people’s misunderstanding of the true meaning of inflation?
Pete Rizzo is the editor of Bitcoin Magazine, and one of Bitcoin’s leading journalists. In this interview, we discuss Bitcoin maximalism in terms of how it should be defined and rationalised, the moral lens of maximalists, and maximalism’s advantages and limitations.
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Following our interview with Udi to discuss Bitcoin Maximalism, we now host another interview on the topic with Pete Rizzo. The two shows together designed to look at maximalism from alternative perspectives with this interview attempting to understand if a definition of maximalism possible or is it necessarily opaque and fluid.
Bitcoin maximalism has long been discussed and has gone through numerous evolutions. WBD first did a podcast on maximalism 4 years ago. Since then, there has been a new wave of adoption, and with that a new wave of maximalists.
Pete Rizzo outlines his definition of maximalism for the current cycle: all efforts should be focused on supporting and improving Bitcoin; investments in other cryptocurrencies should be discouraged and ignored. And the market’s best method of policing this is the imposition of moral penalties on those working against maximalism.
However, is there a contradiction within maximalism? In seeking to vehemently defend the integrity of Bitcoin, could it harm specific projects outside of Bitcoin that aim to provide unique and objectively useful utility? Or, is Bitcoin’s mission so valuable that it can not afford to be nuanced, and therefore collateral damage is unavoidable?
Aaron Daniel is an Appellate attorney and author of The Bitcoin Brief, a newsletter analysing Bitcoin’s effect on law and society. In this interview, we discuss the legal arguments around making Bitcoin US legal tender, and whether it would actually confer any meaningful benefits.
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It is assumed that for Bitcoin to become widely adopted within the US, it would need to be made legal tender. Without such legal clarity, Bitcoin may continue to be viewed by the general population as an unofficial and risky form of money, liable to be prohibited by the state. Therefore, gaining legal tender status would be a seismic positive shift in Bitcoins development.
Attempts to move the country in this direction are often applauded by Bitcoiners. Whether it is US states commencing processes to establish protections for Bitcoin’s use (including efforts in Arizona to declare Bitcoin as legal tender), to activists and politicians advocating for the Federal government to consider making Bitcoin legal tender. The assumption is these are worthy actions.
But, what is legal tender? What utility and protections does such status provide money? What legal framework(s) would be used to confer legal tender status? And, is it necessarily so that such a classification would benefit Bitcoin and it’s users?
The consideration of any nascent technology in legal terms is always fraught with uncertainty and interpretation. The constitution and bill of rights are a firm basis for the development of the world's oldest and most enduring democracy. But, the consideration of modern developments through the prism of the 18th-century founders results in legal arguments that need testing.
Whist such testing is worthwhile, seeking to make a private digital currency legal tender in the US will be a huge endeavour. And, rushing to develop the legal case misses the more essential policy question: is it beneficial to Bitcoin and its users to mandate its legal standing? Fundamentally, should freedom money remain free: free from state interference, but also free for all people to accept or reject?
In this interview, I talk to Jeet Sidhu and we discuss whether the promotion of obviously deficient ESG standards is a signal of a wider societal malaise: decivilisation, overregulation, political incompetence and consistent policy failures. Is human flourishing on the ropes?
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Environmental, social, and corporate governance (ESG) is a framework that was established by the UN in coordination with financial institutions in 2004. It was an attempt to expand the boundaries of the Friedman doctrine, which limits the social responsibility of businesses to increasing shareholder value. ESG essentially seeks to introduce altruistic goals for businesses.
The business community's reaction has been both rational and ironic: it has sought to use and capture ESG to maximise profits for shareholders. According to Bloomberg, ESG is the fastest growing asset management class, which is expected to exceed $50 trillion in value this year. Yet, according to EY, ESG is confusing, opaque, and subject to rampant greenwashing.
Is this exploitation of a worthy initiative an isolated anomaly that can be corrected? Or, is it evidence of a wider and more malevolent decline in society? The reality is that this isn’t the only major fault within our systems. Everyone is aware of the soft corruption of competence and the hard corruption of honesty. These have cascaded and infected our institutions.
We now live in a world that has exploited and tainted progressive language: selfish designs are hidden behind worthy declarations. We have rejected hard truths in return for expedient fiction. To what end? Are we more resilient? Do we have more efficient systems? Is society fairer? Seemingly not. This seems like an existential decline. Now is the time for honest new ideas.
Udi Wertheimer is an independent developer and consultant, and an active member of Bitcoin’s Twitterverse. In this interview, we discuss the evolved status and definition of Bitcoin maximalism, what success for Bitcoin means, and how Bitcoiners should interact with crypto investors.
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Nearly 2 years ago I interviewed Udi to discuss Bitcoin, Ethereum and maximalism. He’s an important voice as, whilst being a Bitcoin advocate, Udi also provides valid critical analysis. As the merits and risks of Bitcoin maximalism are again at the forefront, it is valuable to hear his current views. The fundamental issue is whether maximalism is a net positive or negative for #Bitcoin.
The difficulties start with defining maximalism, and what unique utilities of Bitcoin maximalists are to coalesce behind. Is it a movement to protect the technical development of Bitcoin i.e. protecting monetary policy, protecting the protocol?
Or is maximalism a cultural phenomenon predicated on developing a moral framework that seeks to provide refuge from more brutal capitalist behaviours? Does maximalism need to be unrelenting in its dismissal of other developments within crypto for the purposes of protecting green retail investors from scams? When, if ever, does defence need to become attack?
Maximalism has served as a moral check on the development of Bitcoin. Adherents are right to treat manifestations of the status quo with suspicion. However, there is a delicate line to be taken. History is littered with examples of principled movements being radicalized into counter productive factions.
Jeff Snider is co-host of the Eurodollar University podcast and Head of Global Research at Atlas Financial Advisors. In this interview, we discuss the fundamentals of money, how the Eurodollar controls the global monetary system, and signals of a deflationary depression.
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The common narrative about the global economy is bleak. Money printing by central banks has been out of control. This new money fed into the economy and resulted in runaway inflation. Years of interest cuts to stimulate economies means cash is now trash, whilst economies are stagnating. Debt is unmanageable. The search for alpha is focused on wealth protection.
But others think this narrative is wrong. Our perceived reality is a mirage. Central banks are not in control of the levers of money, they are mere bystanders playing the role of the wizard behind the curtain. The global monetary system is controlled by an opaque and unregulated dollar exchange market developed in the 1950s: the Eurodollar system.
The Eurodollar market is sending signals that defy the forecasts that inflation will endure. The market predicts inflation will be transitory. In its wake, an aggressive period of deflation will soon rock the global economic order. Various economists over time have argued that whilst inflation is damaging, deflation is a worse evil. It has been blamed for depressions throughout history.
If these forecasts are right, we could be about to enter a period of significant economic stress.
Whilst there is consensus on the cause of the current economic malaise, i.e. profligate behaviours within the financial industry, opinions on solutions couldn’t be more different. Those who follow Eurodollar signals believe global financial systems need more US dollars in the form of debt. A lack of liquidity is leading to a lack of risk-taking that is hurting the global economy.
So, as we stand on the brink of widespread societal hardship, we have a representation of cause and response at odds with conventional wisdom. With the stakes so high, can we afford to reject these emergent opinions?
Eric Weiss is CEO of the Blockchain Investment Group, and the man who orange-pilled Michael Saylor. In this interview, we discuss the current malaise in the Bitcoin price, why regulation will change this and be good for Bitcoin, and why Bitcoin provides value to all Americans.
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As Bitcoin continues to track sideways, with a current sentiment of extreme fear and continued reports of its demise, it’s easy to lose the bigger picture. In 13 years Bitcoin has come from zero to an asset comparable to state-sized currencies, which is being discussed at the highest levels of government around the world.
Whilst the wider industry suffers from its own 2007-style financial crisis, where leverage, deception and greed risk an investor bloodbath, Bitcoins ethos remains morally and ethically sound. Bitcoiners' advice to avoid wider altcoin and Web3 proposals has arguably been vindicated. The maxim to hodl is being tested, but long term investors are holding the line.
Why is this? As Eric Weiss states, Bitcoin has grown to become a global phenomenon without a marketing budget. Let that sink in. The growth of Bitcoin has been viral. Individuals have become orange-pilled, and in various forms brought others into the fold. There is no one reason for this, and that is Bitcoin’s strength. It has utility for everyone.
High worth individuals, the middle class and low income groups are all affected by inflation. Yes, in the current environment, the impacts are more immediate for those with less assets. And, Bitcoin’s volatility isn’t a theoretical risk at this time. But even in periods of moderate inflation, compound effects mean that the dollar is losing value year on year.
Bitcoin advocates are confident in the medium term it is going to beat the dollar. Even Charlie Munger thinks the dollar is going to zero over the long term. What amount of Bitcoin constitutes a sensible scale of investment in open to debate, but, as one commentator opined in Bitcoin Magazine on Jul 13th “there is one clearly unwise allocation size when it comes to Bitcoin: zero.”
Adam Wright is a Co-Founder and CEO of Vespene Energy. In this interview, we discuss using landfill methane to power Bitcoin mining, turning waste into an asset, reducing greenhouse emissions, building decentralised baseload energy facilities, and orange pilling local government.
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According to the Environmental Defense Fund, a leading environmental nonprofit organisation, methane has more than 80 times the warming power of CO2 and drives at least 25% of today’s global warming. Further, it is a short-lived greenhouse gas remaining potent for just 12 years. And yet, for many years climate change strategies focused on reducing man-made carbon emissions.
This is changing: “Reducing human-caused methane emissions is one of the most cost-effective strategies to rapidly reduce the rate of warming and contribute significantly to global efforts to limit temperature rise to 1.5°C… Focused strategies specifically targeting methane need to be implemented to achieve sufficient methane mitigation.” UN Global Methane Assessment 2021.
According to the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), a third of US methane emissions are generated by landfills. The EPA recognises that methane recovery is not widespread around the world due to a lack of knowledge regarding technologies, and investment challenges. Last year the EPA issued new mandatory guidelines to reduce these emissions within the US.
So, imagine you were a municipal official with responsibility for landfills, and someone told you they would: take responsibility for converting methane emissions into EPA-compliant carbon emissions, pay you for the privilege with a profit share deal, and, for isolated landfills, build out the potential for a decentralised energy facility. In short, they could turn waste from being a liability, into an asset.
This is what Vespene Energy is proposing. It is hoping to orange pill state and local authorities with their vision of turning methane into Bitcoin. It is another exciting opportunity that Bitcoin opens up; another demonstrable rebuttal of the environmental FUD - enabling the rapid build-out of energy facilities across the thousands of landfill sites across the US, and then the world, whilst tackling climate change. It really is alchemy.
Gabriel Shipton is a Film Producer & advocate for his brother Julian Assange; Stella Moris is a lawyer & wife to Julian Assange. In this interview, we discuss the unprecedented State assault on Assange’s freedom, the effects on his mental & physical well-being, & the threat to journalism.
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On March 15th 2006, US forces dropped from helicopters onto the roof of a house in a village north of Baghdad. The mission was reportedly to intercept a member of al-Qaeda who was visiting the dwelling. The US troops gathered 11 family members in one room, handcuffed them, and shot them all in the head. This included 5 children under 6, one of whom was a 6-month-old baby. US soldiers then called in an airstrike to destroy evidence of their crimes.
Iraqi police reported the details of the incident at the time, but the US military refuted these claims, stating a fire-fight with insurgents caused the deaths, and that “[US forces] take every precaution to keep civilians out of harm’s way.” Their investigations ended, effectively neutering any other external examination of their conduct.
This was until 2010 when WikiLeaks released a series of classified US documents on the Afghan War, Iraq War, and cables between the US State Department and its diplomatic missions around the world. One such cable was from a March 2006 investigation of the above incident by the UN, which corroborated the Iraqi police’s accusations that a horrific war crime had been committed.
WikiLeaks releases in 2010 highlighted hundreds of other unreported civilian deaths at the hands of the US military in both the Afghan and Iraq conflicts, including military coverup of the torture (using drills and acid) and execution of Iraqi detainees by Iraqi authorities.
Julian Assange is the only person linked to these incidents who has been punished. In August it will be 10 years since he sought asylum in the Ecuadorian Embassy in London. During that time the CIA had planned to kidnap and execute him. Then, 3 years ago Assange was arrested in the embassy and taken to the UK’s highest security prison, Belmarsh, where he’s still kept. All because he published source material, a journalistic practice acting as a bedrock of democracy.
US authorities have indicted Assange, an Australian citizen residing in the UK, using their 1917 espionage act; this has never previously been used against a journalist. The US is seeking to extradite Assange using a 2003 UK-US treaty, which was hurriedly brought into law without oversight as a response to the war on terror. The rights of individuals in the UK are limited by this treaty. To compound issues further, Assange will not benefit from US constitutional rights.
The full weight of the US and UK states is being used against Assange. His physical and mental condition is deteriorating. Assange’s treatment is being used as a warning to others. Whatever your preconceived ideas are about this case, the implications are chilling: the US is seeking to make journalism a crime, and those they accuse suffer.
David Zell is a co-founder of the Bitcoin Policy Institute and Director of Policy at BTC Inc. In this interview, we discuss fighting to make congress aware of Bitcoin’s social value, the strategic benefits of Bitcoin for the US and how our rights are being erased in a digital world and Bitcoin’s defence.
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On June 1st a letter in “Support of Responsible Fintech Policy” was sent to Congress. Purportedly from 1,500 “computer scientists, software engineers, and technologists”, it excoriated blockchain technology, stating it “has been a solution in search of a problem and has now latched onto concepts such as financial inclusion and data transparency to justify its existence.”
FUD in the media is one thing. Direct lobbying of congress using persuasive but purposefully misleading arguments is another. Coordinated attack vectors have affected Bitcoin at numerous stages of its evolution. These attacks are now focused on galvanizing the most powerful of external forces: persuading the US government Bitcoin is of no social value is arguably the most dangerous moment yet.
The battles over technical details have now become battles over ideas. And the constituency over which this battle is being fought has grown from an informed and knowledgeable clique of insiders to a less informed but more consequential clique of legislators.
But, just as the assaults on Bitcoin have become more political and trenchant, the defensive measures have witnessed significant maturation. Bitcoin has always had persuasive individuals. Now it has powerful institutions. Most importantly it has its own think tank, bringing together some of the most interesting and original voices within the industry.
In this new stage of Bitcoin’s development, we are lucky to have those who can see the battle that needs to be fought at the nation-state level. And we’re also lucky to have those who can develop arguments that are persuasive to those looking for the collective needs of wider society.
Andrew Dessler is a Professor of Atmospheric Sciences at Texas A&M University. In this interview, we discuss the settled science of climate change, the polarisation of the climate change debate, our need for more energy, and the market inevitability of wind and solar-dominated grids.
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In April, WBD interviewed Alex Epstein who stated humans need access to more low-cost energy. Energy enables humans to survive in otherwise inhospitable climates but also flourish. Epstein stated that energy at the moment is dominated by fossil fuels, which are very hard to replace. Further, he asserts claims of climate change catastrophe are being overstated.
Andrew Dessler, who has previously publicly debated Alex Epstein, wanted an opportunity to rebut some of Alex Epstein’s claims. Dessler agrees that humans need access to more energy; underinvestment over previous decades has contributed to the current energy crisis. But, humans also need to be concerned about the existential risks of increasing carbon emissions.
There is widespread consensus amongst climate scientists that the science of climate change is correct, and the forecasts have been proven to be reliable. The risks are real and significant. There is a fear that attempts to refute the science feed the culture wars, where climate change views are predetermined by political allegiance.
Dessler also claims that refuting science is a cynical tactic to avoid moving the debate onto the policy. His rationale is that the case for transitioning to renewables isn’t just predicated on reducing carbon emissions, there is also a compelling economic case: it is an energy source with a marginal cost of zero. A strong supply market for solar and wind is powerful validation for this.
That’s not to say 100% of our energy needs can be derived from wind and solar. Those advocating for increased use of renewable energy are fully aware of the need for reliable dispatchable power from other energy sources. But there is a strong conviction that renewable energy can become a dominant provider for our energy needs of today and tomorrow.
Craig Warmke is a philosopher and fellow at the Bitcoin Policy Institute. In this interview, we discuss the biases and pressures that distort opinions about Bitcoin, and a framework for enabling objective evaluation of Bitcoin’s value and risk to individuals and society.
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Bitcoin has proved itself to be the hardest money ever created at a time when the world’s monetary systems are under unprecedented stress. It also provides an array of unique utilities: it helps vulnerable people; disrupts rent-seeking exploitation and brings pluralism to money for ordinary people.
And yet, for the majority, Bitcoin is still funny internet money, or worse, a Ponzi scheme, criminal back channel and/or environmental disaster. Why are so many people still struggling to see what Bitcoiners see?
Hal Finney’s writings are uncannily prescient. One such example is ‘Politics vs Technology’: a short 1994 article about cypherpunk responses to the dangers of government overreach. Many believed solutions were to be found in coding new tools. Finney was less sure that technology in isolation would change the world. To him, active engagement is vital: “If we want freedom and privacy, we must persuade others that these are worth having. There are no shortcuts.”
If education is the magic bullet, how should we persuade those still on the sidelines? Craig Warmke has proposed a framework that enables people to strip away their unconscious bias, subjective viewpoints and peer group constraints. The critical characteristic of the framework is that it requires openness to all of Bitcoin’s tradeoffs; bias affects both sides of the debate.
It makes the approach a powerful educational weapon: each individual can see the issues through a new lens; and, because both sides are required to confront their partiality, the conversation can become honest and collaborative. It also enables a fair review of the hidden costs of wider Bitcoin adoption, so that Bitcoin’s case can be further strengthened.
Lyn Alden is a macroeconomist and investment strategist. In this interview, we discuss the rise and role of Central Banks: their intermittent role in the US’s history, the piecemeal erosion of a gold standard, the new era of easy money, and whether Bitcoin could replace Central Banking.
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Central Banks have played such a dominant role in our societies it’s easy to assume that they are required institutions within modern governmental systems. The idea that the market can determine a monetary policy and the price for money is well outside of the Overton window.
Yet, for long periods in the industrialised era modern civilised societies have functioned, developed and prospered without such institutions. Further, there is ample evidence that central banks are now far from being a steadying force that brings stability to economies.
For around 100 years, the international monetary system was pegged to gold; albeit there were debasements, new controls, and periodic abandonments during this period. Then in 1971, the monetary system was taken off any remnants of a gold standard. Its constraints on US fiscal policy had become too burdensome. It led to the development of fiat currencies and a period of easy money.
Governments have become increasingly dependent upon Central Banks in creating new money to assist with economic shocks: following the global financial crisis the production of dollars markedly increased. But these events were dwarfed by the injection of new money during the pandemic. Inflation is now catching up, but at a time when economies are stagnating.
Cycles of debt accumulation always come to an end. Without careful political judgement, coordination and luck, the resolution of unsustainable debt at the global level can lead to domestic and international conflict. So, we’re entering a transformative decade.
The question is whether Bitcoin, the strongest form of money ever invented, can enable society to navigate through this unwinding of the long-term debt cycle? Additionally, can it enable the market to again determine the price of money?
Seth for Privacy is a privacy advocate and host of the Opt Out Podcast. In this interview, we discuss how financial privacy protects all other rights, the current limitations with Bitcoin’s privacy, and Monero’s protocol privacy that some Bitcoiners find beneficial.
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Most people have slowly acquiesced to the undermining of personal privacy by tech companies. There has been a trade-off: free access to powerful social media software for the monetisation of our data. The problem is a false sense of security has been allowed to fester: there is a material lack of concern that such transgressions could become more malign and overt abuses of power.
The wake-up call for many was the treatment of the Candian truckers. Not many foresaw Bitcoin’s privacy weaknesses being exploited by a western liberal democratic power led by a young charismatic leader. But they were exploited. The Canadian authorities were unrepentant. And there was nothing the truckers could do. Once your privacy is compromised that’s it.
Whilst it is a wake-up (or should be a wake-up call), Bitcoin’s fully auditable pseudonymous transaction history presents significant privacy challenges. That’s not to say that non-technical users can’t improve their privacy using Bitcoin, or that privacy concerns always need to be front and centre of decisions to hold Bitcoin. Rather, there may be another option under certain circumstances.
Monero is an altcoin that some Bitcoiners are willing to adopt given its unique out-of-the-box privacy features. It is being used to complement the use case for Bitcoin. And yet, there is still toxicity from some quarters towards Monero and those who advocate for it. Is this healthy? Does Monero deserve to be treated like other altcoins?
Fundamentally, should Bitcoiners be open to using Monero? Or, do maximalists who have served the community well express warranted concerns? What are the tradeoffs being made and how do they affect users?
Avik Roy is president of the Foundation for Research on Equal Opportunity think tank and a policy Editor at Forbes. In this interview, we discuss the Lummis Gillibrand Responsible Financial Innovation Act, inflation’s compounding impact on the poor and why Bitcoin provides optimism.
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On June 7th Republican Senator Lummis and Democratic Senator Gillibrand introduced the Responsible Financial Innovation Act, which aims to establish a regulatory framework for digital assets in the US. Many Bitcoiners believe Bitcoin is designed to work outside of regulatory oversight. But is this proposal inimical to Bitcoin’s potential to positively contribute to society?
If Bitcoin is to play a dominant role within society, can it do that outside of the law? Irrespective of Bitcoin, should governments have a role in protecting citizens from the negative impacts of the wider altcoin market? What are the dividing lines between different digital assets? And, could the lack of regulation in the near term actually be detrimental to Bitcoin in the long run?
Bitcoin’s advocates are heavily engaged in trying to obtain regulatory clarity - they fear continued uncertainty could delay or damage its ability to provide utility to those who really need it. This is particularly for those impacted by the ravages of inflation.
The current inflationary environment has resulted in renewed consideration of this economic condition. The issue is that there is actually a deficit of understanding of inflation’s regressive impacts. It impacts the poorest in society hardest, whilst benefiting the richest. These impacts compound over time such that inequality explodes even in low inflationary environments.
Does this mean inflation as a policy is a busted flush? Should economies aim for zero inflation? These are radical policy shifts that are unlikely to happen anytime soon. This is why Bitcoin provides some with optimism: it’s trying to be the hardest money the world has ever seen.
Matt Odell is host of the Citadel Dispatch and venture partner at Ten31. In this interview, we discuss why each additional positive act of privacy protection improves Bitcoin's resilience and value. Perfecting privacy is not the goal; making a start is, as we don’t know what the future holds.
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Our privacy is continuously being eroded. Current best estimates are that 2.5 million terabytes of data are produced every day. A material amount of that information has extremely lax privacy protection: 98% of Internet of Things data is unencrypted; 83% of companies encrypt less than half the data they store on the cloud; 25% of websites are visited without encryption.
Vast amounts of the data we freely shed are stored, analysed and triangulated for commercial reasons. These tactics are so sophisticated that it’s not uncommon for people to think companies are listening to their conversations.
We are being squeezed for our data in almost all aspects of our lives while cash, traditionally the only semi-private way of transacting, is being removed from society, and CBDCs inch closer to reality. Imagine if companies or governments could access and track your income, store of wealth and all those with whom you transacted. What is currently unnerving behaviour by those who track our data could rapidly become something much more maligned and coercive.
Bitcoin is freedom money. But using bitcoin privately isn’t an easy task. The vast majority of Bitcoin is bought using exchanges that have stringent KYC/AML requirements. When you pair these onramps with surveillance firms like Chainalysis, using bitcoin goes from being pseudonymous to almost entirely transparent. But there are things you can do to gain good privacy with bitcoin. Tools like coinjoin and non-KYC exchanges like Bisq are getting better all of the time, and more and more people are using the Lightning Network for cash like transactions, which offers improved privacy.
Perfect privacy, whether with bitcoin or not, is a pipedream. The goal is to continually improve in protecting a fundamental human right, privacy.
In this interview with American HODL, we discuss escaping from social media echo chambers, stablecoins and altcoins, whether free speech has limits, Bitcoin’s current price activity, the need for reasoned thinkers in Bitcoin, and the protocol being a perfect machine.
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Bitcoin’s volatility remains a persistent feature: all-time highs are followed by precipitous falls and statements of its imminent demise. And yet, many Bitcoiners unwaveringly advocate for people to continue to hodl through these cycles. Whilst their advice has been proven right many times, it’s appropriate to be testing such convictions during a bearish period for Bitcoin.
Many see the current price fluctuations as a positive sign that the asset is maturing, and it is now subject to the same macro headwinds as other globally significant investment vehicles. Hodlers faith is rooted in a maximalist sentiment: Bitcoin was a “zero to one” moment. Other versions don’t and won’t match its elegant design, clarity of purpose and first-to-market network effects.
The issues emanating from algo stablecoins and projects offering wild returns have vindicated and hardened these positions. But does that mean it’s Bitcoin or bust? Stablecoins do have utility for those living in countries suffering currency debasements. So, can stablecoins support people as a short-term fix to economic crises, whilst Bitcoin is the longer-term solution?
What about the current state of Bitcoin Twitter and the wider discussions about freedom of speech? Toxicity and unoriginal talking points cast Bitcoin’s community in a poor light; can a new wave make a compelling case with an authentic voice? Further, whilst freedom of expression is a pillar of Americanism and a bulwark against the rise of China, should all speech be free?
Irrespective of these issues, American HODL is holding the line. He believes Bitcoin will transcend other assets and innovations. He believes it is an unstoppable perfect machine.
Preston Pysh is a co-founder of The Investor Podcast Network. In this interview, we discuss credit cycles depending on increasing debasement of the USD, accelerating inflation, and other signs of the long-term debt cycle ending. We also talk about Bitcoin changing the economic order.
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Every day we read new stories about economic turmoil: the UK's cost of living crisis resulting in people missing meals, Sri Lanka debt default resulting in an economic and social meltdown, raging inflation in Turkey, global food shortages, the slide of Japan’s Yen, bond funds bleeding billions etc. etc. etc. It is obvious these are not normal times.
So what is actually happening? Ray Dalio has spoken at length about the long-term debt cycle: how the economy goes through regular patterns of growth and recession that result in the build-up of sovereign debt, and how over a longer period of time that debt becomes unmanageable and a deleveraging occurs. Many believe we are going through that process now.
Preston Pysh is one such person, and he has the evidence to hand. The precipitous rise in the monetary base, capital becoming a liability, global credit cycles being dependent upon increasingly higher levels of USD debasement, the top-heavy state of equity markets - the data is all there; it’s happening. The question is how do governments respond?
Is it possible to unwind from these situations, or are global debt levels too high? Can nations wean themselves off quantitative easing, or are they locked into a death spiral? And what will be the response of citizens to rising inflation and material impacts on their quality of life? The answers to these questions will impact the direction of our civilisation for centuries to come.
The fear is that we repeat the past. The experience of an advanced country going through a hyperinflationary event still casts a shadow over our collective political culture. The destruction of a functioning society and its replacement by a machine of terror, recalibrated the global order for the next 75 years. But we have Bitcoin. Can that see us through?
Harry Sudock is a Vice President of Strategy at Griid. In this interview, we discuss whether Bitcoin’s real innovation is the fusion of Proof of Work and the difficulty adjustment. This enables it to exert a gravitational pull that’s disrupting money, assets, technologies and organising structures.
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Bitcoin's impact on society is far exceeding what anyone could have envisioned. While its properties as sound money are well established, the 2nd and 3rd order effects are still being discovered.
Bitcoin is unique. It's centred on the combination of proof of work and the difficulty adjustment. These two fundamental parts of the system incentivise trustless honesty whilst providing security. In today's digital world with encroaching authoritarianism, there is no substitute.
Bitcoin's power is having a gravitational pull on the settled cosmos of modern society, drawing more things into the singularity of its innovation. If money touches everything in society, and Bitcoin is the best form of money, it's seemingly inevitable that Bitcoin will change everything. Bitcoin is a black hole.
Peter Doyle is the Co-Founder and MD of Horizon Kinetics. In this interview, we discuss investment in an economic climate marked by accelerating inflation, a debt crisis, an energy crisis, war and the potential for Bitcoin to upend the monetary system.
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The world’s economic leaders are publicly admitting that inflation is not the transitory phenomenon they were claiming it to be only a few months ago. Some observers think that behind closed doors they never really believed inflation would pass; given the extreme levels of debt, rising inflation makes sense as an unofficial government policy.
Irrespective, inflation has to be controlled. But taming inflation is a delicate balancing act. The trick is to achieve a ‘soft landing’: reducing inflation without triggering a recession. This proved impossible during the 1970s and early 1980s when inflation last ravaged the US economy. The dilemma is the current economic and fiscal environment is much worse than during the 1970s.
Interest rates have been at unprecedented low levels for over a decade. These have enabled governments to take on increasingly precarious levels of debt to shore up economies during pandemic lockdowns. Even modest interest rate rises risk triggering both sovereign default and recession. Whilst reducing the size of the state is problematic given its oversized share of GDP.
At the same time, there is a limit to what governments can do to control inflation. The conflict between Russia and Ukraine has resulted in a spike in energy prices. However, energy costs were already rising due to decades of underinvestment influenced by ESG mandates. This is a systemic issue affecting global markets. The expectation is for a prolonged period of inflation.
Investments need to now consider an environment where “cash is trash”. However, what is becoming increasingly clear is that investment managers are seeking more than just inflation-beating returns. In the face of possible scenarios where inflation can’t be controlled, Bitcoin is becoming part of portfolios designed to protect wealth.
Lane Rettig is a former Ethereum Core Developer who now works as a core developer for Spacemesh. In this interview, we discuss the Terra/Luna crash, trust and the discipline of Bitcoin; the history, theory and reality of current Web3 initiatives; and Bitcoin’s future.
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On Friday Jack Dorsey’s Block announced that it is building “Web5” on Bitcoin. It is purposefully bypassing Web3, which Jack has previously criticized. In fact, Jack stated in a tweet to launch the initiative “RIP web3 VCs”. So, why are Jack, and many other bitcoiners, so fiercely against what in theory is supposed to be a revolution of the internet enabling it to decentralise?
Maybe it is the same issue being raised about the crash of Terra/Luna, the issue raised about the much-critizsed ICOs and IPOs within the industry, and the issue raised about the motivation for VCs aligned with the “crypto” ecosystem. Rigged incentives and asymmetric risk where the VCs always win? Greed dressed as innovation and utility under the cynical rebranding of Web3?
The problem is, by the time these flaws have been realised, the VCs have already exited and made a tidy profit. And as always, it’s retail investors who get hurt. Maybe Web5 is just what is required, for the internet, for retail investors, and for Bitcoin.
Steven McClurg is a Co-Founder of Valkyrie Investments. In this interview, we discuss how Steven called Bitcoin’s top, watching the Fed for policy indications, protecting wealth against high inflation, how governments should fight inflation, supply chain issues, and inflation hedges.
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Today, US CPI data shows that rather than inflation slowing as had been expected, it continues to accelerate. Year-on-year inflation currently stands at 8.6% - the highest in 40 years. Prices in May alone rose by 1%. But maybe this wasn’t a surprise for everyone.
Janet Yellen, who previously characterised inflation as “transitory”, told Congress on Tuesday “inflation is really our top economic problem at this point and that it’s critical that we address it.” This is happening across the world: the ECB plans a “gradual but sustained” path of interest rate rises; India may need to dampen growth to control inflation; in Turkey inflation is out of control.
So, how bad could it get? The great inflationary period of the 1970s? Or could it be worse? Some commentators talk of extreme examples such as when hyperinflation tore the fabric of the Weimar republic apart. Most think this can’t be a rational possibility: surely politicians and policy wonks are students of history and they’ll stop spending.
But yet, there is talk another $5-10 trillion could be printed.
Whatever the outcome, we’re entering a new paradigm in respect of the cost of living. Whilst there are opportunities in every market, the focus is turning to wealth protection ahead of wealth creation. Is this the time for Bitcoin? It has long been regarded by advocates as an inflation hedge. Yet, its current price performance would suggest otherwise.
Maybe we need to recalibrate our understanding of what constitutes an inflationary emergency. Block’s recent survey has shown a strong correlation between inflation rates and viewing Bitcoin as a safe haven: Argentina came out top with nearly 50% of respondents stating they saw Bitcoin as protection against inflation. At the time inflation was north of 40%; it’s currently 58%.
Michael Moynihan is a correspondent for Vice News and co-host of The Fifth Column podcast. In this interview, we discuss identity politics and its effect on framing issues such as the Russia Ukraine conflict. We also cover culture wars, toxicity, mainstream media, and freedom of speech.
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US polarisation has turned society into isolated camps with defined ideologies and narrow cultural perspectives. Issues are expressed in binary terms: you’re expected to have a for or against a position. And the determination of which position to take is increasingly made as a reaction to what the other side believes. Politics is tribal.
There are obvious issues with this trend. People become increasingly deaf to consideration of opposing views. The Socratic method has been ditched in favour of blind alliance to a given group. Critical thinking is decreasing; vitriolic rhetoric is on the rise. Identity politics is resulting in a balkanisation of our communities, as like seeks like, reinforcing the divide.
The impacts are becoming increasingly disorientating, as both sides of the political divide align with beliefs that were previously antithetical to their respective ideologies. For example, the right and left have changed their relative positions in terms of support and distrust of government agencies.
And, instead of trying to break down these barriers, our representatives and media are increasingly fermenting and exploiting these culture wars for financial gain. Media is becoming beholden to audience capture, both in terms of the large mainstream media corporations, and the wave of independent voices rising from social media. Real journalism is on the wane.
The result is the true nature of life becomes clouded, including events of huge geopolitical significance such as the Ukraine Russian conflict. We’re unable now to distinguish fact and spin. The real problem is that people are unable to unite and coalesce around nationally vital policies. And as the world problems become more complex, how will this all play out?
Dan McArdle is co-founder of Messari Crypto and creator of casebitcoin.com. Dan has been in Bitcoin since 2011. In this interview, we discuss the history of Bitcoin cycles and events: Mt. Gox hack, rise of altcoins and stablecoins, Ethereum DAO Hack, and 2017 Bitcoin cycle.
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Bitcoin is volatile: its history has been dominated by large swings in both directions; albeit, Bitcoin is volatile to the upside: in 10 years it is up well over 500,000%! But, in each cycle, new adopters can be forgiven for thinking they’re in the cycle that finally breaks the pattern. It is easy to question the investment when seeing the value drop by 80% for the first time.
This is where experience is vital. Each cycle has seen events that have had the potential to destroy Bitcoin. Exchange hacks and exploits, the proliferation of competing coins with marketing buzz aimed at attacking Bitcoin, the realisation of altcoin failings, scams, bans, FUD. The most recent has been the UST and Luna crash. Each one destroys confidence and value.
Yet, the one thing the critiques fail to mention is that each of these events has been external to Bitcoin. Each event has highlighted weaknesses in innovations in the ecosystem that has developed around Bitcoin. But Bitcoin has remained secure - the protocol itself has not been hacked. In fact, the “move slow and build things” ethos has strengthened through each event.
This is why long term hodlers who have served one “tour of duty” (a four year Bitcoin cycle) are more inured to Bitcoin’s volatility. They have experienced Bitcoin being declared dead, only to reemerge stronger and more resilient. What hurts you can make you stronger.
To look forward and speculate about the future it is therefore important to look back and see where we’ve been. Many believe Bitcoin is a paradigm shift not just because of ideology, but because the technology has been repeatedly tested and passed. That’s why it is being considered as an emerging global macro asset.
Lyn Alden is a macroeconomist and investment strategist. In this interview, we discuss the macro environment. We zero in on the current inflationary crisis, focusing on the demand/supply problems with energy, prospects for recession, and the impact on markets and countries.
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The last time inflationary pressures seriously concerned the US was the 1970s. The decade ended with inflation at nearly 15%. Many believe current inflation, real inflation, not the figures provided by the US Dept of Labor, is at least 15% if not higher. And yet, we are in a much more precarious position now than in the period of the 1970s referred to as the “The Great Inflation”.
Global debt is at an all-time high. US government debt is over 137% of GDP. Unprecedented money printing during the global financial crisis was followed by more extreme money printing during the pandemic. Most countries are now bloated with debt. Further, interest rates are still at abnormally low levels. Economies are precariously balanced. Recession is close at hand.
At the same time, there is an energy crisis. Decades of underinvestment in energy infrastructure, poor policy decisions, and geopolitical issues means we have insufficient energy supply and price spikes. In the UK 40% of households could be deemed to be in energy poverty soon. There is talk of oil reaching $300 a barrel.
Then there is an emerging food crisis. The war between Russia and Ukraine is affecting some of the biggest suppliers of wheat, sunflower oil, and fertilizer. According to the World Food Programme 276 million face famine. A cost of living crisis is hitting the most vulnerable in all corners of the globe.
We are in very uncertain times. History suggests such pressures fuel populism, protest, and conflict. How should we protect our investments in such times? What assets could weather these storms? Who can we trust?
Jonathan Wu is head of growth at Aztec network. In this interview, we pick over what happened when the stablecoin UST crashed, how it linked to the Terra blockchain and Luna governance token, the issues with recursive lending, and the need for financial disclosure in the industry.
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Stablecoins have provided financial sovereignty for millions who have been failed by their financial institutions and want predictable value in a currency. So, the failure of a stablecoin that had been financially backed by some of the biggest investors in DeFi has been particularly traumatic for many investors.
Unlike some stablecoins, UST, native stablecoin of the Terra Blockchain, was under collateralized i.e. it wasn’t backed by another asset. Maintaining its peg to the dollar was (theoretically) stabilized algorithmically: linkage of UST to a governance token, Luna, and a complex dance of creation and burning of both of these coins. In theory, this enabled UST to remain decentralized.
In practice, there were some inherent weaknesses in the process. Not only was the stablecoin designed to be a payments rail, but the governance token, Luna, could be staked to derive yield. It was accepted by lending protocols that allowed for recursive lending (rehypothecation), an activity raised as a significant risk to DeFi by many critics of yield farming (e.g. Allen Farrington).
Then the house of cards started to crumble. Or, as Jonathan describes it: the death spiral began. The result was a quick unravelling of an asset, which had had a market cap of over $18 billion. An asset that many investors believed, wrongly, was devoid of the risks associated with altcoins. An asset now with an effective value of zero.
The story involves large profits being made by major investors, a CEO who overplayed his hand and got some major calls wrong, some shady characters in the DeFi lending ecosystem, complex strategies not many understand, and a lot of people who could ill afford to lose their investments getting seriously burned.
The critical issue is this again places Bitcoin in a bind. Its price was directly affected, but its reputation suffers: retail investors are warier to adopt, and regulators are more empowered to pounce. There is a lot for the industry to learn, and learn quickly. The stakes are currently stacked unfairly, and it’s the same people who end up losing.
Victor Boutros is CEO and co-founder of the Human Trafficking Institute. In this interview, we discuss the anger that drove him into tackling human trafficking in the US and then set out to prove it could be tackled across the globe. His work literally saves lives. He needs support.
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Human trafficking is a hidden scourge. Most of us would assume human slavery is a shameful historical relic. Yet, the market for trading humans is thriving. People are traded for labour and sex in huge numbers. It is estimated that there are at least 25 million victims of this brutal industry, but the true number could be much much higher. Both perpetrators and victims hide in the shadows.
Yet, statistics are just dry numbers. It is the stories of individual victims that evidence the evil that permeates human trafficking. Such stories display the cold heartless depravity that enables some to view others as tradable commodities to be exploited. It is these stories that have driven people such as Victor to dedicate themselves to trying to tackle this issue and save lives.
Victor learnt and honed the skills necessary to combat traffickers in the US. But, with the knowledge that the majority of human trafficking takes place across other countries, he set up the Human Trafficking Institute. This mission has successfully proved that through thorough investigation, and dedicated enforcement, it is possible to curtail this scourge anywhere it exists.
But, this work needs to be scaled, which needs funding. Bitcoiners have shown that they are a force for change, using their funds to help shape a better world in numerous ways. It is Victor's hope that the philanthropic zeal within the Bitcoin community could assist his mission.
Can Bitcoin become the driving force behind the effort to make trafficked people free at scale across the globe?
Justin Rezvani is the founder and CEO of Zion. In this interview, we discuss completing Ironman, his near-death experience, recovery and perspectives, and motivations for building a new business. Justin explains his vision to enable creators to own distribution and the future of social media.
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Not many of us walk through life thinking any day could be our last. But most live as though we have unlimited tomorrows. We leave dreams unfulfilled, arguments unresolved, our attention diverted to the wrong priorities. For those who experience death, but live to tell the tale, it is a pivotal event that leads to a refocused life.
And for those who do get a second chance, they tend to grab opportunities as they arise. Justin came through a near-death experience and traumatic rehabilitation. Once recovered he seized the chance to use Bitcoin to remake social media. Better for creators, and users. Better for the curation and protection of online discussion. Better for the development of communities.
The issues with current centralised platforms are obvious to all at the moment. Business models are incentivised to capture attention, not to nurture civil debate. The digital town square has turned into a digital bear bit. And yet censorship has turned into a blunt instrument open to abuse. The rule book needs rewriting.
Bitcoin, decentralised identification and other technology offer an opportunity to provide creators ownership of the distribution. Communities will no longer be tied to a platform. There will always be aggregators of content, but creators and their audience will now have the flexibility to move across a decentralised internet if and when they choose or require.
The full interview with President Nayib Bukele, undertaken days after the Bitcoin Law became effective on September 7th 2021, sections of which were included in my film “Follow The Money #1 - Bitcoin in El Salvador”. In this interview, we discuss motivation, opposition and legacy.
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A few days following Bitcoin being given legal status, I was granted an exclusive access interview with President Bukele for the purposes of my film “Follow The Money #1 - Bitcoin in El Salvador”. Following the release of the film, it is time to publish the full interview.
It has been over 8 months since El Salvador became the first country in the world to make Bitcoin legal tender. A lot has been written about El Salvador’s Bitcoin Law, and a lot has happened since. But what was it like to be at the centre of this unprecedented event? An event that could change not just El Salvador’s future, but also Bitcoin’s and the rest of the world.
The discussion covers President Bukele’s enthusiasm for what Bitcoin can do for his country and his people; the incredible timescale within which the law was passed (it was a mere 3 months from being enacted to becoming law); the strategy behind the country’s purchases of Bitcoin; internal and external opposition; and the plan behind the articles of the Bitcoin Law.
As background noise to all these changes is vocal concerns about authoritarian actions Bukele is taking; he has removed judges, influenced a change in the constitution to enable a potential second term, had troops enter parliament, and implemented stern policies aimed at reducing gang violence. The term “dictator” is banded around.
Nevertheless, he is an extremely popular president: he has an approval rating of 85%. Many citizens, sick of the years of violence and corruption, are pleased to finally see a decisive Salvadoran President. Could he become a beacon for the wider region? Could he be the leader of the Bitcoin age?
John Vallis is a Bitcoin podcaster who hosts Bitcoin Rapid Fire. In this interview, we discuss what freedom means, parallels between Bitcoin and religious values, living a meaningful life, psychedelics and their importance, and a new civilisation centred on truth.
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Bitcoin provides freedom. Financial freedom; freedom from coercion; freedom of movement. But how should those who benefit from Bitcoin use this freedom? Should they use it to fulfil their own desires? Or are there higher values that Bitcoiners should strive to attain? Should Bitcoiners draw back into their citadels? Or, should they actively engage in trying to shape a better world?
Such decisions will be influenced by the values such individuals hold. In our fiat economy, self-interest is deemed to be the principle that supports a functioning and prosperous society. Institutionally driven moral codes have been supplemented by the needs of the market. Religion has been replaced; prayer and faith have given way to data and patterns.
It is assumed that science and rejection of the divine have driven a more advanced society. And yet, ephemeral pursuits of money and power seem to be the root of a lot of the problems we face today. Some feel that more sophisticated behaviours were displayed by previous civilisations: humans have previously been more in tune with nature.
Psychedelics is thought to have played a part in this process. Many cultures throughout history used psychedelic practices to enable them to break away from their ego. This gave them a wider perspective - a more holistic view of the world around them.
Bitcoin shows that current values in a fiat world are misaligned: selfish short term pursuits are failing us; we have lost sight of the truth. Could psychedelics hold the key to helping more people to make that shift to see the fallacy of our current systems? Is the loss of ego needed to determine how best to mould this new world evolving around us?
Adam Back, an original cypherpunk, inventor of Hashcash and co-founder and CEO of Blockstream. We discuss the controversy around BIP 119: the soft fork proposal aiming to add “covenants” to Bitcoin. We also talk about the collapse of Luna.
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Flexible smart contracts are a USP of Ethereum and other blockchains. Currently, Bitcoin only enables basic smart contract functionality, such as a timelock that specifies when a transaction can be spent. BIP 119 proposes to add more flexibility for applying restrictions to transactions via a new programme operation code (opcode) called CheckTemplateVerify (CTV).
CTV would enable conditions on spending UTXOs that would limit, not when they are spent, but how. These are referred to as “covenants”. It is envisaged CTV could significantly enhance Bitcoin by enabling a raft of new and powerful applications to be developed; these could bring new security, privacy and scalability benefits.
The concern is that CTV is a significant change and could open up potential unknown security risks, or that if this functionality is desirable, it could be possible be better achieved with a different technical approach
BIP119 has been authored and enthusiastically promoted by Bitcoin developer, Jeremy Rubin. It has been around now for 2 years, and whilst Rubin has generated support for BIP119, he has also faced criticism from prominent Bitcoiners for his approach and so far there doesn’t seem to be consensus among the protocol development community on implementing the proposal.
The consideration, approval and activation of changes to Bitcoin are methodical and slow. Further, such changes normally involve the development of competing ideas, and a collaborative approach to combine the best elements from these efforts. Notable critics feel that BIP119 is being too forcefully promoted and that more time is needed to test and consider alternatives.
The pressure to innovate will always be there. The issue at hand is Bitcoin’s USP: it has never been hacked. This has been hard-won. So it seems BIP119 isn’t going to get a formal consensus at the moment. Rubin, however, could bypass the Core developers and implement a UASF. Could we again be about to test the limits of Bitcoin’s rough consensus process?
Will Cole is Chief Product Officer at Unchained Capital. In this interview, we discuss Texas and Austin as ideological centres for Bitcoin, the undervalued importance of state sovereignty in the US, CBDCs being the greatest disaster for liberty and personal freedom, and toxicity on Twitter.
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Something is happening in Texas. It has always had an independent streak, rooted in its rich history. The state was born of revolution, and it was initially a republic in the mid 19th century before the Mexican-American War. That thirst for freedom is hard-wired into the Texan psyche. Now it is a beacon to Americans from other states seeking increasingly elusive sovereignty.
It is therefore not surprising then that Bitcoin has been adopted and fostered in Texas.
From very early in it’s history, a strong community of maximalists united and sought to safeguard Bitcoin in this part of the US. That effort is now starting to pay off. The strong affinity for Bitcoin by Texans has evolved such that the state is fast becoming the centre of groundbreaking efforts to integrate Bitcoin and energy grids.
The state is arguably spearheading a new adoption wave within the US that includes serious politicians. Could Texas take the next step and create the conditions to orange pill a nation?
Those Bitcoiners in the state aren’t waiting to find out. They’re moving at pace to help Texas and other states continue the outreach, policy drafting and technical buildout to realise the benefits of what is a keenly American innovation. They’re also keenly focused on the attack vectors on the horizon, be it CBDCs or divisions within the community.
Rob Hamilton is a programmer and data scientist. In this interview, we discuss the risks associated with a transition to hyperbitcoinisation, the limits to what Bitcoin fixes, the issues of a libertarian world run on a Bitcoin standard, the benefits to the energy grid, and Bitcoin’s eternal September.
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Hyperbitcoinization, the adoption of Bitcoin as global money, was once a theoretical pipe dream that all but the most hardened Bitcoiners thought would be an impossibility. But we have witnessed a number of unprecedented events in recent years that mean impossible scenarios have now shifted into the realm of the possible.
Does this create a new foundation for conversations regarding hyperbitcoinization? The abstract idea of hyperbitcoinization has been enthusiastically supported: it is a fresh new idea that provides hope for a better world. But where such discussions could afford to be utopian a few years ago, do discussions now need to mature as a Bitcoin standard becomes more real?
Are there limits to what Bitcoin can fix? Further, does hyperbitcoinization create new issues? Would we be replacing one elite for another? And, if this new world is shaped by a libertarian ideology, who will determine how to organise consensus, solve problems and resolve conflict? The reality of what may be possible certainly requires more sober consideration.
The flip side is that the tremendous benefits that Bitcoin has to offer could actually be realised. A better world may be within our reach. The excitement for proponents is that Bitcoin’s potential is more than just as a new currency; it has second-order effects such as its use as a payments rail and arguably more importantly, as a catalyst for a stronger and more sustainable energy grid.
And all the time, there are new users of Bitcoin who are seeing in it both novel opportunities, and also new risks to be mitigated. Wider adoption, therefore, means that what hyperbitcoinization will become is always evolving. The discussions on what this means have only just begun.
Jeff Booth is an Entrepreneur and Author of ‘The Price of Tomorrow’ and Austin Hill is a cypherpunk & former Blockstream CEO. In this interview, we discuss the unique sense of hope in El Salvador, the loss of freedom, Bitcoin as objective truth and hope, Elon Musk and Twitter.
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Show 500!!!
What a ride it's been since I recorded my first show in November 2017. I'm so grateful to all the listeners, particularly those who send their support. Thanks to all the fascinating people I've had the privilege to interview: so many great stories, opinions, and advice. Thanks to my amazing sponsors - you enable my team to make what we think is the best show in the market.
And finally, big up to the team, roll on the next 500!
This show is as good as it gets in terms of guests and subject matter. Two major figures within the industry who I'm now lucky enough to call friends. And I hope you enjoy listening to them as much as I did. They're as excited about Bitcoin's opportunities as they've ever been.
We speak about their recent visit to El Salvador and the unique and inspiring mood of hope within the country. The media are still dubious about Bukele's Bitcoin reforms, and the government is dealing with tough domestic and international challenges. However, it is infectious to hear how inspired two seasoned entrepreneurs are by what they witnessed in the country.
Jeff and Austin also talk about the societal issues that Bitcoin is perhaps uniquely placed to mitigate: threats to freedom, not just from authoritarian governments but also from traditionally liberal establishments; pervasive misinformation directed at citizens; and rapid technological changes that will upend society.
This is why Jeff and Austin are bullish that UX improvements have the potential to onboard hundreds of millions more to Bitcoin.
Junseth is a OG bitcoiner and the former co-host of Bitcoin Uncensored. In this interview, we discuss government being the logical extent of libertarianism, the evolution of news media, falling for conspiracies, admitting when you’re wrong, opinion versus fact, and the return of Trump.
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Our lives are full of examples of infective institutions, inefficient governance, waste, want, and an eagerness to wage war. It is hard to argue in defence of the state. Yet, any popular movements against the actions of the state are ignored. In these times, libertarian arguments are powerful and persuasive: the state, shielded by coercion, is ineffective so we need to tear it down.
However, we don’t need to be fans of the state to be worried about the alternatives. In a world of 8 billion people, with increasing complexity, specialisation, and disagreement, is it rational to think that we can organise ourselves into voluntary and agreeable groups? History lacks examples of such structures working to support advanced functioning societies.
So, why are we so ready to accept at face value vague promises that a better world can be achieved through radical means? Is it that uncertainty and nuance aren’t rewarded by today’s click-bait driven media? Like moths to a light, are we all drawn towards more exciting, adventurous, and confident narratives built on conspiracy and anarchy?
In a small way, podcasting is an attempt to provide airtime for the truth. Whilst it’s true that those who take extreme positions can build strong audiences, the biggest audiences are drawn to the more honest explorations of subjects. Despite attacks from MSM, the popularity of Joe Rogan shows there is a huge demand for authentic and reasoned debate. People want the truth.
The question is, as MSM becomes increasingly unwilling to provide such a service, are we going to have to rely on a community of independent content creators to meet this demand?
Tuur Demeester is a Bitcoin investor and economist. In this interview, we discuss how he was drawn into a toxic online cult, his awakening and leaving, Twitter enabling cultist behaviours within Bitcoin and why it’s key to give air to all voices within Bitcoin.
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Wisdom is developed through experience: an individual's interaction with other people and events, and their personal reflections on the outcomes, enhance understanding of both the self and the world. Knowledge isn’t endowed genetically, and education provides limited direction. Perspective on exposure to our environment is what drives tangible learning and growth.
People can easily find themselves developing beliefs, and engaging in actions, with the benefit of hindsight they later deem antithetical to an evolved worldview. Submission to a cult, that is adherence to common belief systems and behaviours advocated by a charismatic leader, is an extreme example of this.
People will largely dismiss the idea that they could be susceptible to becoming a cultist. And yet, even the most infamous cults are full of highly educated, principled, and engaging people. People who have then made life decisions that are hard to objectively comprehend. The truth is that we’re all susceptible.
Commonly cults are cast as people in white robes; collectives holed up in fortified buildings; empty-eyed automatons following a messianic figure. But cults are less obvious and more pervasive than we’d imagine. Today, with easy access to powerful and toxic social media tools, building and energising and channelling an audience is available to anyone with a voice.
It’s never been easier to develop a cult.
So, where are the dividing lines? What’s the difference between impassioned rhetoric and dangerous invective? Should we try and conduct reasoned debate using tools that are structurally deficient for such tasks? How open can we be to divergent opinions in a world full of noise and pressure? Could we sleepwalk into a cult, or worse, become a corrupted cult leader?
Michael Malice is an anarchist, author, and podcaster. In this interview, we discuss declining versus flourishing US cities, transitioning away from the state, Ukraine and Putin, conspiracies to cancel, challenges to free speech, and the enfeeblement of the media and education system.
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Anarchism has quickly evolved from being an extreme ideology, which was at best a interesting thought experiment, to a political vision whose merits are being given increasingly serious consideration. Even those who believe in the power of collectivism are questioning the effectiveness of our current institutions.
But with power comes responsibility. Do anarchists truly believe that tearing down the state and its associated power structures will result in a better world? Or is there a more nuanced and pragmatic approach? Is retention of some collective organisation desirable? Would decreased centralization and dominance of the state be a sufficient victory for anarchists?
Whatever the end state envisioned by advocates of scholars such as Bakunin, Goldman, Berkman and Rothbard, there are plenty of power structures that anarchists believe require radical reconstruction. Mainstream media, universities, schools, and rent seeking businesses: they are all targets.
Even if some anarchists are changing to think that a better and fairer world does not mean starting again from the ground up, don’t think that their objective is anything short of an extensive reordering of society.
Lyn Alden is a macroeconomist and investment strategist. In this interview, we discuss currency crises, the history of money, the properties of good money, and whether Bitcoin can usher in a new era of programmable, commodity money.
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What is money? We are taught to critically question and evaluate the world around us. Yet, most people never query the essence of what is perhaps civilisation’s most important tool. We readily accept the money we have and use it without examining its history, characteristics, or whether it could be improved and changed.
We are living through extraordinary times. The world around us is in flux: established norms are being upended. Yet, the most extraordinary change is occurring without, arguably, the fanfare it deserves. Money is changing. A viable alternative to fiat currency has taken hold. An open and free, censorship-resistant currency available to anyone with qualities that surpass previous forms of money is carving out its place as the future of money.
Coins and notes are examples of money we are all familiar with. Yet, shares, property, or in fact, any tradable item are also forms of money. We interact with various forms of money, and implicity utilise their attributes without proper examination. So, what are the qualities and features of money? Why do we use different forms of money? What is money?
It is only through proper consideration of these questions that the unique and revolutionary properties of Bitcoin become apparent. Bitcoin is much more than just a speculative digital asset. It seeks to be the best money ever invented, combining the benefits of gold, cash, and various contemporary stores of value.
More importantly, Bitcoin provides new features seeking to protect the individual in the digital age. Bitcoin may be much more than a useful tool, it could be a necessity.
Dan Held is the Growth Lead at Kraken. In this interview, we discuss the splintering and factionalization of the Bitcoin community, trying to be honest in a toxic environment, update on the Bitcoin supercycle, and Bitcoin application (selling, hodling, lending, and collateralizing).
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Bitcoin is under almost constant attack, but despite significant pressures, efforts to ensure the technology remains truly decentralised and open have been successful, in a large part, thanks to the toxicity within the bitcoin community. But those who have worked at close quarters to the Bitcoin ecosystem have witnessed a rapid evolution and segmentation of beliefs, business proposals, and market for what is still a nascent innovation.
The original libertarian community that nurtured Bitcoin has been diluted by new groups. Conservatives and progressives have aligned themselves to Bitcoin with their own dogmas. In the wake of the maximalist victory in the Blocksize Wars new divisions have arisen based on divergent ideologies. Can we find a unifying narrative to coalesce these factions?
Equally, the industry that has developed around the unique monetary and payment characteristics of the technology has resulted in an explosion of new products and features. No longer is Bitcoin merely a static store of value: hodlers can now lend, short, and collateralize their asset. Should we fully embrace the investment opportunities this asset can provide?
Finally, the cyclical nature of the asset price has continued to evolve. Macro forces, game theory, and geo-political events are potentially aligning to create a supercycle: a new phase of adoption that could propel Bitcoin into becoming a global reserve currency to rival gold. Will those who have prevised such a future be proven right?
Are we finally about to enter a phase when Bitcoin matures and becomes money for all?
Darin Feinstein, an early investor in Bitcoin, co-founded Core Scientific, one of the largest Bitcoin mining operations. In this interview, we discuss the revolution of triple-entry accounting, providing 8 billion people property rights and banking, combating FUD, and rapid advances in mining chips.
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Bitcoin is causing tectonic shifts in global financial and political systems that have companies, authorities, and nations reeling. This creates a lot of noise. But, has this resulted in the community easing off on extolling Bitcoin’s principal revolutionary characteristic - the consensus protocol? And, does that open it up to attack?
Triple entry accounting, the trustless verification of peer to peer transactions, is an innovation that is arguably in the same league as the wheel or printing press. For Bitcoiners, this understanding is implicit; discussions have moved on to other more immediate concerns. However, because we’re still so early there is widespread ignorance of why Bitcoin has such transformative power.
Has this created a space for those wanting to undermine Bitcoin? The industry has had to contend with FUD since the early days. The constant risk is that those in positions of great power don’t have the necessary knowledge to separate fact from fiction. Is this why there are serious considerations being given at the highest levels to banning proof of work consensus?
The unavoidable issue is that challenging the status quo is hard. And, the status quo will always exploit weakness. As such, is it possible to have a decentralized community without a centralized voice? Would we fail without the efforts of the likes of the Bitcoin Mining Council and the Bitcoin Policy Institute?
These questions are becoming increasingly important: the greater the scale of adoption, the more severe the response. China banned Bitcoin because it was a great idea that threatened their top-down ideology. The US benefited from this, but there are still voices who would see a ban on this side of the Pacific. New York is already considering its own ban on mining.
Our enduring advantage is that we have truth on our side - Bitcoin is the greatest money system invented. Will that be enough?
Alex Epstein is a philosopher and author of ‘The Moral Case for Fossil Fuels’ and ‘Fossil Future’. In this interview, we discuss how energy abundance has enabled humans to flourish, whether climate mastery has made us unnaturally safe, and the need for more low-cost reliable energy.
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According to a recent survey for the UN, 64% of people believe that climate change is a global emergency. News reports are dominated by stories of floods, heatwaves, droughts, hurricanes and other events, highlighted as potential signs of a warming world. The implicit assumption is that urgent reductions in the use of fossil fuels are required to minimise the potential impacts.
But increasingly, a growing collective is questioning these opinions. Exploitation of fossil fuels is linked to civilisations' rapid development in the 250 years since the industrial revolution. Yet, billions still lack access to adequate levels of energy. The concern is alternative energy sources won’t be able to meet current demands, let alone demands that aren’t currently being met.
Furthermore, there is scepticism regarding climate change projections and forecast impacts on societies. Those who hold such views are labelled as climate change ‘deniers’, a pejorative term meant to imply resistance to science and facts. This is emblematic of how combative and polarised the two sides of the debate have become. Some are now refusing to engage.
Perhaps, such division is understandable given the stakes. If global warming has the capacity to be an existential threat this century, then delays in curtailing fossil fuels could be catastrophic. Equally, if such warnings turn out to be wrong then we could be constraining the empowerment of billions of people. In our view, this is why we should remain engaged in the debate.
Shaun Connell is Executive VP of Power at Lancium and an energy trading expert focused on incorporating Bitcoin mining into energy transition services. In this interview, we discuss the fundamentals of energy trading, the need to balance energy supply with demand, and the symbiotic relationship between Bitcoin mining, renewables and the energy grid.
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If climate change forecasts are to be believed, the implications for society are profound. Many believe that the sources of energy that enabled our society to thrive and prosper over the past 250 years need to be replaced by alternative types of energy deemed to be more sustainable. Others fear that such a transition risks millennia of civilisational advancement.
The debate around climate change and energy is therefore highly charged. And yet, there is a significant deficit in our general understanding of how the energy system works.
Wind and solar are now the cheapest sources of energy, so why aren’t we rapidly progressing to 100% renewable energy grids? If we need to decarbonise the grid, why do wind and solar producers have to curtail energy production? If Bitcoin mining is becoming an increasingly more significant user of energy, why are grid managers increasingly seeking to assimilate it?
Whatever the reasons for the ignorance of the energy system, and whether or not it has been or will be exploited by special interests, the obvious concern is that it will lead to bad policy being formulated at a critical time. Knowledge is power.
Adam Curry is a DJ, internet entrepreneur, and, along with Dave Winer, the creator of podcasting. In this interview, we discuss Texas and guns, how Bitcoin features in world events, food intelligence and smarter education, as well as the origins, ethos, and future of podcasting.
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The ubiquity of podcasts has masked how innovative and ground breaking the technology is. In only 2 decades an idea about using RSS feeds to distribute audio blogs has now arguably become the most effective media channel rivalling both main stream media and increasingly social media.
It is estimated that more than a third of Americans regularly listen to podcasts. Market forecasts suggest the industry will be worth over $2 billion in the next few years. The relative ease of production, lack of editing constraints, and its long form character, has resulted in an explosion of content.
At a time when trust is in short supply, clickbait is employed over honest reportage, and toxicity is increasingly infecting discussions, podcasting is providing a desirable alternative for those seeking truth and facts. As a result, podcasting has been important to disseminating knowledge across a range of subjects.
And yet, there are risks that podcasters could make the same mistakes of other media: audience capture and reliance on centralised distribution channels could undermine the effectiveness of the industry to continue to provide a valuable source of truth.
Adam Curry had a critical and central role in the genesis of podcastings. Yet, his passion for the medium is as fervent as ever. He’s at the forefront of both Podcasting 2.0 technical developments, whilst also being one of the industry's most industrious contributors. He was orange-pilled via podcasts, now he’s using his knowledge of Bitcoin to strengthen podcasting.
Austin Hill is a cypherpunk & former Blockstream CEO. In this interview, we discuss the dangers of absolutism within Bitcoin’s community, building consensus in promoting freedom money, and advancing the human condition.
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The development and adoption of Bitcoin is predicated upon a reaction to the manifest failures of current economic and political structures. The associated need to defend Bitcoin from multiple attack vectors resulted in a protective maximalist ideology. The end result is that the current Bitcoin community is dominated by big personalities with firm and unyielding convictions.
Yet, maintaining an adoption curve mirroring that of the internet means proving the benefits of this innovative technology to everyone: the wider public, companies, and state-level institutions. This will require building consensus: coalescing around positive characteristics of the technology whilst working to ensure divergent opinions don’t overwhelm the debate.
As Bitcoin enters a more nuanced phase of maturation, a pragmatic approach to furthering its adoption and effective development may be required. Do battle-hardened Bitcoiners now need to become more politically flexible? Is it possible to find agreement with those who hold contradictory views? Is compromise possible whilst protecting Bitcoin’s unique innovation?
Jeff Booth is Entrepreneur and Author of ‘The Price of Tomorrow’. In this interview, we discuss the distortion of money, how Bitcoin can herald in a fairer system based on truth and a free market of ideas, and the transition from scarcity to abundance.
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Bitcoin is revolutionary. More than its cryptographic protocol, monetary policy, and decentralised technology, Bitcoin is built on promulgating truth. It is feasible that a new economic paradigm is being built that democratises knowledge and information.
The old ways of spin, exaggeration, false equivalence, hustle, denial, and outright lies served the fiat system well during the 20th century. Being ‘economical with the truth’ became a necessary tactic of the game, employed by leaders of companies, institutions, and countries alike.
The corrosive effects of increasingly systematic subterfuge were inevitably going to counter balance any fallacious societal benefits. This has become increasingly clear since the beginning of the new millennium: events and shocks have chipped away at the current economic edifice.
It’s not that a new system would be beneficial to society, it’s rather a new system is required to enable the major issues of today to be resolved. Can Bitcoin be the basis of this new system?
Jimmy Song is a Bitcoin educator, developer and entrepreneur. In this interview, we discuss Bitcoin’s growing political power, how Lightning has better privacy properties than Monero, why decentralisation is binary, and the moral case for Bitcoin.
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There is plenty to be concerned about in today’s world: economic, social, and political issues are compounding in severity. Solutions from governing elites are in short supply. And there seem to be bad faith actors at every turn. Imagine then a world without Bitcoin.
But whilst people may thank God (or blind serendipity) for Bitcoin, we also need to be cognizant of, and prepared for, the associated pitfalls and critical examinations.
A powerful and growing constituency of Bitcoiners, who cut across political divides, is seen as ripe for cultivating by ambitious and power-hungry politicians. How do we distinguish between genuine support for the community and exploitative manoeuvring?
Further, what about Bitcoin’s fixed monetary policy? In a time of rampant monetary and fiscal stimulus, where inevitable inflationary effects are beginning to bite, Bitcoin’s potential as an unrivalled store of value could see its adoption accelerate.
Those in the industry contend with these concerns at regular intervals. What is apparent is that Bitcoiners are kept energised by Bitcoin’s most unique utility: its strong moral underpinning. This is one of the attributes that give people faith that Bitcoin can be the basis for a better world.
Dylan LeClair is a Bitcoin and macro analyst working for Bitcoin Magazine. In this interview, we discuss the playing out of the long term debt cycle, the coming commodity wars, how Bitcoin is a lifeboat, and transitionary investments.
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We are living through unprecedented times, where the old ways of order are expected to crumble. And yet, life seems comfortably familiar. This can lure people into a false sense of confidence that the political, economic, and monetary norms will continue undiminished into the future.
The same sense gripped German citizens during the 1920s. ‘When Money Dies’ documents how “Financially, for nearly four years, the ultimate cataclysm was always just around the corner. It always arrived, and there was always an even worse one on its way — again, and again, and again.” And we’re seeing the beginnings of such cataclysms affecting the price of living.
Inflation, shortages of goods, energy price spikes, and currency failures could be mischaracterized as isolated singular events. But are they in fact, signals of a wider connected pattern of seismic shocks as the global economy adjusts to the impact of the long-term debt cycle?
If Bitcoin is a lifeboat, why isn’t it reflected in the price? Bitcoin is still acting like a risk asset, but for how long?
Cody Wilson is the founder and director of Defence Distributed and the face of 3D guns, and Jessica Solce is an acclaimed film-maker currently documenting his story. In this interview, we discuss the intersection of the right to bear arms and the right to freedom of speech.
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The first and second amendments are as symbolic of American identity as the stars and stripes. Yet, despite being bedrocks of the constitution for over 230 years, they are arguably now as fiercely contested as they have ever been.
Many republicans believe that the right to bear arms is a vital check on state control, and ensures the protection of the first amendment. A strong progressive counter argument contends that gun violence in the US is at epidemic proportions, and controls are required. This debate is becoming more profound due to the effect of technology, particularly the internet.
Julian Assange laid the foundation for using the decentralized and distributed nature of the internet to bypass the established gatekeepers of information with the aim of democratising its availability. Others quickly followed, including Cody Wilson, who saw the opportunity to provide open access to the digital tools needed to make guns - ‘Wiki weapons’ was born.
Despite the backlash by government agencies, it is becoming increasingly apparent that governance is unable to keep up with both technology and Cody’s responses to legal constraints.
This is not a new or isolated phenomenon. But as technology continues to push the boundaries of what power a single person is able to wield, it is stretching the limits of the social contract between the state and individuals. As a result, the forces pushing for individual autonomy and centralized control are becoming harder and harder to reconcile.
Pete Rizzo is the editor of Bitcoin Magazine, and one of the industries leading journalists. In this interview, we discuss the evolving narratives used by Bitcoin maximalists, fundamental questions of who Bitcoin is for and what it will be, and what lies beyond maximalism.
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The rise of Bitcoin, a new form of money, has been unprecedented. In just 13 years, Bitcoin has come from being another manifest innovation derived from ideas around cryptographic security, digital gold, and peer to peer cash, to an asset that is seriously being considered a new global reserve.
Despite the genius behind Satoshi’s design, this meteoric rise wasn’t inevitable. The nascent currency has had to organically forge a defensive infrastructure to counteract and overcome various attack vectors. This saw the rise of Bitcoin maximalism, a highly effective yet divisive ideology.
But, just as Bitcoin technology has evolved, so have the narratives that have been used to buttress the maximalist position. Bitcoin was once considered to be the best of a range of different blockchain technologies; now it is viewed as being distinct and unique. Some believe Bitcoin’s rise is invincible, whilst others are scanning for the next inevitable threat.
Maximalists' stories and beliefs have changed as Bitcoin’s strengths and weaknesses have been realised over time. What does this mean for the future of maximalism? Indeed, do rudimentary questions about Bitcoin's purpose, role, and utility need to be reassessed? Does Bitcoin need a paranoid community to continue to strengthen its defences?
Robert Breedlove is a philosopher within the Bitcoin space. In this interview, we discuss useful fictions used for collective organisation, slavery as the violation of property rights, Bitcoin changing the logic of violence, and the reality of an anarcho-capitalist world.
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Cooperation across large groups is the basis for the rise and evolution of human civilisation. As the historian Yuval Noah Harari espouses, such cooperation has been enabled through the exploitation of useful fictions (i.e. religion, national identities) by elites throughout time. The rights of the individual were crushed under the weight of the demands and cohesiveness of the group.
A rebalancing of power between collectives and the individual occurred during the enlightenment. It began with the development of a theory of natural rights, where individuals were determined to deserve access to "life, liberty, and estate (property)". The French and American revolutions in the 18th Century were premised on this belief.
A modern theory of universal human rights has developed since WW2. And yet, many feel we still have a long way to go before we achieve true liberty for the individual. Even the most open democratic societies work under an implicit social contract, where certain rights are foregone in exchange for political order. Coercion and control are less explicit, but still apparent.
So, what is the extent of the libertarian ideal? Is it an anarcho (i.e. without a leader) capitalist state? Or, is a hierarchy of power a necessary evil to thwart the chaos of natural law, which Hobbes stated would result in human life being "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short"? The problem has been that states throughout history have tended to extend their control.
Maybe the question isn’t a binary choice between an inevitable creep of state control over anarchy, but a balance that aims to achieve the benefits of both approaches. In such a situation individuals would need the power to ‘dethrone’ the ruler(s) without resorting to violence. Does Bitcoin enable such a balance?
Steve Lee is Lead at Spiral, a subsidiary of Block. In this interview, we discuss how Spiral is enabling lightning integration, Block’s aim to create an open Bitcoin mining ecosystem, a vision of zero cost decentralized Bitcoin mining, and inspiring open-source Bitcoin projects.
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The orange pilling of Jack Dorsey was a hugely consequential event, affecting the evolution of his business plans and Bitcoin. Jack and his team believe Bitcoin is the best money, and they want to help it spread. As a result, Block has developed a symbiotic mission: it seeks to nurture Bitcoin, strengthen its development, and enable its wider adoption.
This is where Spiral comes in. It is a non-profit subsidiary of Block that builds and funds free, open-source projects. Amongst other important enterprises, Spiral has developed the Lightning Development Kit, which enables Lightning integration with Bitcoin wallets.
Block’s ethos is rooted in an appreciation of how unique this situation is: the creation of a new version of money that is free from centralized control may never be repeated. Protecting and enhancing Bitcoins decentralization and privacy are therefore core objectives.
That is why, for example, Block is developing a hardware wallet that combines security that doesn’t depend on trusted servers; decentralized user-friendly custody for the masses.
That is also why Block is planning to develop and make available for sale ASIC chips (with data sheets). Whilst Block is also developing Bitcoin mining rigs, the provision of dedicated chips opens up the whole mining rig industry for innovation and competition.
These efforts are crucial and enable all of the exciting expansions of Bitcoins utility to continue. This includes Steve Lee’s vision of zero cost decentralized Bitcoin mining. This is surely the most inspiring industry in the world.
Christian Keroles is Managing Director of Bitcoin Magazine. In this interview, we discuss hyperbitcoinisation as a zero-sum game and how that could lead to $26 million bitcoin.
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Hyperbitcoinization is a scenario where Bitcoin has achieved mass adoption: it is widely used as a medium of exchange, it is a store of value held by individuals and businesses, and it has become a primary global reserve currency. Essentially, it is a ubiquitous and dominant form of global money.
Over the last few years, a series of unprecedented global events has helped accelerate the adoption of Bitcoin. The pandemic gave rise to unsustainable monetary and fiscal policies that made the economic case for adoption by major institutions and a nation-state.
Now, in the shadow of the Candian trucker protests, where fears regarding the curtailment of individual freedoms were realised, and a new conflict in Europe may signal a reordering of the global monetary system, the political case for wider adoption of Bitcoin has been made.
We now live in a time when rather than being viewed as a wild abstract theory, hyperbitcoinisation is being contemplated as being a plausible culmination of ongoing trends. But what does this mean? What will the transition to a Bitcoin standard look like?
Nic Carter is a Partner at Castle Island Ventures, and Troy Cross is a Fellow at the Bitcoin Policy Institute. In this interview, we discuss Bitcoin mining as an ESG offset and how Bitcoin miners could be the frontier of energy development whilst helping nations attain energy sovereignty.
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The two extremes of the climate change debate are engaged in a zero-sum game.
For some, the existential threat of climate change requires humans to rapidly transition to energy production 100% derived from renewable sources. A particular contingent believes a transition is required by force: a carbon tax to dissuade investment in fossil fuels and a degrowth agenda to enable society to prioritise the use of more limited but sustainable energy sources.
The counterargument is that catastrophic climate change isn't inevitable. Therefore, whilst there are insufficient cost-effective and reliable renewable energy sources, constraining the use of fossil fuels is a dangerous dogma that risks preventing vast swathes of the world from being able to escape poverty.
Does the argument need to be this binary? Is there an alternative that uses the power of the market rather than relying on coercive measures?
If we assume that if energy sources were equally cost-effective and reliable, the obvious choice would be to invest in those that are renewable and that have the lowest negative impacts. The issue would then be how do you make renewable energy cost-effective and reliable. The answer is counterintuitive: meet what those who promote fossil fuels want - facilitate energy abundance.
Troy Cross thinks this is how Bitcoin can help bridge the divide, enable a rapid transition to renewable sources, whilst ensuring the world's population can flourish.
Marty Bent is the founder of the Bitcoin focused media company TFTC.io, Venture Partner at Ten31, and Director of Cathedra Bitcoin. In this interview, we discuss resisting centralised narratives around the Ukraine/Russia conflict and the push for ESG and renewable energy.
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The fragmentation of modern media provides access to a limitless supply of analysis, interpretations, and opinions. But rather than bringing clarity, this cacophony of commentary more often results in confusion.
Into this mix, powerful centralised institutions mobilise significant resources to drive narratives. Over the past few generations, fearless investigative efforts have identified examples of deficient and deceptive institutions. This has resulted in such centralised messaging being treated with caution, if not explicit, cynicism.
But does that mean we should be sceptical of all messaging emanating from centralised bodies? What are the implications for society if there is widespread distrust of such communication?
The result is that there are different prisms through which to view events. The human misery caused by the Ukraine and Russia conflict is heartbreaking, but does that mean there are clear paths of action we can support? The forecasts of climate change impacts are worryingly bleak, but is there reasonable uncertainty, and what are the full implications of promoted mitigations?
The only thing we can do is to remain engaged, and, as Marty Bent states, “bring back civility to these types of conversations.”
David Zell is a co-founder of the Bitcoin Policy Institute and Director of Policy at BTC Inc. In this interview, we discuss echo chambers and groupthink, how Bitcoin being for everyone makes it stronger, the threat of Bitcoin to China, and political exploitation.
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Bitcoin’s survival and flourishing from the early days was down to having an impassioned and protective community. Some of this was defensive; resilience builds over years of criticism and ridicule. Some of this was offensive as various existential risks have had to be overcome.
What has evolved is a kind of ethical militancy, as Bitcoin maximalists have banded together to thwart anything that could damage Satoshi’s original vision. However, there is an obvious drawback to this approach in that some have become hardened to any idea or person deemed to be antithetical to the cause.
But what is the cause? Can there be divergent opinions on what Bitcoin is and who it should serve to assist? Can Bitcoin be for everyone? If the Bitcoin community doesn’t open itself to adoption by those from across the political spectrum does it risk stagnating or fragmenting? What about opposing views at the nation-state level?
These seem like positive discussions to be had: it is an obvious sign of maturation. It’s intuitive to think it is in Bitcoin’s interest to have a broad church. But will isolating its detractors make Bitcoin stronger, or energise the threats against it?
Margot Paez is a Fellow at the Bitcoin Policy Institute specialising in Renewable Energy and Environmental Studies. In this interview, we discuss the Occupy movement, a broken capitalist system, and a pragmatic approach to our energy future.
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Bitcoin is often labelled as being a currency for libertarians. But, it is increasingly clear that Bitcoin appeals to a wide range of people with a myriad of political leanings. This includes a growing number of progressives who see in the protocol a means of enabling a fairer and less economically stratified society.
That Bitcoin appeals to such disparate communities speaks to both the strength of Bitcoin, but also the weakness of the current system. If those on both the right and left are disenchanted with the status quo, that is obviously a strong signal that a major societal change is warranted. Further, it means we have to assess why we’re so polarised if we fundamentally agree with each other.
There is a debate to be had regarding language, labels, unconscious bias, and manipulation of opinions. The issue is that these false divisions are affecting reasoned consideration of all the major issues affecting modern civilisation, particularly in relation to climate change.
The practical implication is that both sides of the climate change debate are resistant to effective and pragmatic measures. Is it possible to view these issues without a political lens?
Matthew Pines is a Fellow at the Bitcoin Policy Institute specializing in national security. In this interview, we discuss modelling complex systems, current US national security priorities, and how Bitcoin can help maintain US hegemony.
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We live in unprecedented times. An emergent battle for hegemonic power is occurring during a period of unparalleled advances in technology that politicians are struggling to comprehend. What was previously deemed to be settled global economic and geopolitical strategy is now in flux. Up may be down. The unthinkable suddenly thinkable.
This is the environment in which Bitcoin, revolutionary money, is going through its puberty stage. It is to be expected that incumbent US (and other western) power structures are nervous about such an immature innovation, particularly in uncertain times. Yet, as counterintuitive as it may seem to them, Bitcoin offers significant strategic advantages for the US.
For Bitcoiners, the issue is not that a case needs to be made, but rather how that case should be presented and conveyed to politicians and bureaucrats. So far the message has been conveyed through grassroots advocacy: orange pilling individuals. But how do you orange pill the world's major power centre?
Bitcoiners are disrupters and predominantly work outside of the sphere of government. Bitcoin itself seeks to challenge the status quo. However, the government needs to hear the message in a language they understand, via channels they can trust.
This is the gap Matthew Pines is seeking to fill. And “Bitcoin and U.S. National Security” is the report that aims to orange pill the US government.
Nic Carter is a Partner at Castle Island Ventures and co-founder and Chairman of Coin Metrics. In this interview, we discuss the seizure of Russian Central Bank assets by the G7, the demise of US hegemony, and a multipolar multi-reserve world.
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Whilst it is arguable whether America’s geopolitical reach can be classed as an empire, the decline of its hegemonic power is compared to the passing of great empires of the past. Such analysis shows that there are no fixed dates to assign to the actual fall of empires; declines are marked by a prolonged unwinding of influence and cohesiveness.
Nevertheless, the atrophying of empires are signposted by critical dates: the sacking of Rome by the Visigoths in 410; the humiliation of Britain caused by the 1956 Suez Crisis; the symbolic impact on the USSR of the fall of the Berlin wall on November 9th 1989.
Currently, we are living through equally tumultuous times, and February 26th 2022 may be one such date for the history books. It was when the G7, led by the US, seized $630B of Russia’s foreign reserves.
With the grim humanitarian impacts of the Ukraine Russia conflict being witnessed on a daily basis, this seemed like an appropriate non-violent measure. However, its scale and likely impact is and will be unprecedented.
The role of the US dollar has been eroded over the past few decades as economic sanctions have been increasingly deployed as a coercive tool of power. Nevertheless, the G7 freezing Russian access to its foreign assets is a crossing the Rubicon moment. No longer will the US dollar be a unifying store of value across the world. The ramifications are huge.
Lyn Alden is a macroeconomist and investment strategist. In this interview, we discuss the economic impacts of the Ukraine Russia conflict, including the effect of sanctions on Russia, wider global impacts, and the responses of individuals, companies, and nations.
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As the Ukraine Russia conflict continues well into the third week, it is hard to think beyond the wretched humanitarian impacts. But, it is imperative the serious economic impacts are analysed, both in terms of the direct and indirect collateral costs of the physical war, and the unprecedented economic actions being applied as tools of warfare.
The main issue is that this conflict is occurring at a critical juncture for the world economy. The Covid pandemic compounded structural issues in the global economy precipitated a decade earlier by the global financial crisis. The conflict is having a detrimental effect on fragile markets, whilst exacerbating existing supply chain issues leading to further inflationary pressures.
However, the conflict is also creating new and potentially more important problems. The world economy since WW2 has been based on pillars that were thought to be unbreachable. The central pillar has been the use of the US dollar as a global reserve currency. As a direct consequence of actions taken in response to the conflict, this is now open to question.
Scott Horton is an anti-war radio host, podcaster, and author. In this interview, we discuss whether there are any just wars, the Ukraine/Russia conflict, and how a chain reaction of misunderstood events going back to WW1 got us here.
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History is not necessarily objective: observers are usually partisan, and chroniclers of collected stories have their own subjective biases that can affect the evidence base. These issues are most pronounced in the records of wars. This is because history is written by the victors.
Mainstream presentation of the history of wars rarely credits divergent interpretations. The major conflicts that involve a given nation-state, particularly those that support politically advantageous mythologies, are treated as being self-evident. Opposing analysis is given the pejorative label of ‘conspiracy theory’.
Yet, could the history of our current civilization be open to new explanations? Is there sufficient evidence, maybe hidden in plain sight, that would cast a different light on events? Could the official version be wrong? Was the rationale and motivation for pivotal decisions, which have changed the trajectory of life on earth, different to the commonly accepted understanding?
Travis Kling is the Chief Investment Officer and Ikigai. In this interview, we discuss the need for decentralization, Bitcoin as pristine collateral and whether we’re living in a simulation.
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Google, Facebook and Amazon are still relatively young companies, formed in the slipstream of the internet. They rose from a mass of competition to dominate not just the internet, but to become some of the most powerful organisations in the world. Such is their power that they are changing society in profound and concerning ways.
At the same time, there has been significant erosion in trust. The Iraq War and the sub-prime mortgage crisis combined to generate widespread disillusionment with the status quo. This was funnelled into social media’s new echo chambers with algorithms that stoked fear and anger. We are still struggling to deal with the results.
A major issue of concern is that the next wave of technological innovation is expected to be overwhelmingly disruptive: AI and robotics in particular have potentially unlimited capacity to revolutionise society. If we don’t resolve the issues caused by centralization now, the future for democratic governance looks bleak.
Bill Barhydt is the CEO and Founder of Abra. In this interview, we discuss institutional investment, the long term debt cycle, the end of fractional reserve banking and how Bill gave away thousands of Bitcoin.
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The current banking system is broken. Millions of people around the world still don't have access to proper banking services, the payment rails that facilitate transactions are old and costly, and trust in financial institutions is low.
To add to this, currencies around the world are being debased at a rapid pace. Over the last few years, central banks have printed huge amounts of money that is now showing up in inflation, which has a disproportionate impact on the poorest in society. 50% of Americans now have more credit card debt than savings.
Bitcoin started as a cypherpunk experiment, but its sound monetary properties have led to it becoming a real lifeboat for those who are economically adrift. With the banks losing momentum, is Bitcoin mature enough to take up the slack?
However, you see the future of money and banking - one thing is clear Bitcoin will play a role. The question is, how big will that role be?
Location: Los Angeles Date: Saturday 5th February Company: Guns N’ Bitcoin Role: Chief Range Officer
Pro-freedom principles are deep rooted in the Amercian psyche. Liberty is a cornerstone of the US Constitution, which seeks to protect individuals from arbitrary and unreasonable restraint. The Constituion codifying what freedom means for the individual and the state, yet debate on the surface level extents of freedom in modern America mean deeper reasoning is lost.
Polarised discourse misses that freedom expects from the individual as much as it provides. An individual must hold and display certain values within a working pro-freedom society. This ideal comes from the ancient Greeks philosophy of stoicism: citizens should apply the virtues of wisdom, courage, justice, and temperance. As Aurelius would put it “be a good person”.
If the citizens and the state can both respect each other and act with values that are in concert with each other, then a pro-freedom civilisation is possible with all the benefits that this brings. But if the state is oppressive, the rationale actions of the affect individuals, and the long term consequences for their civilisation, are obviously going to be antithetical to progress.
In our fast-paced ‘fiat’ system where debate is dominated by short form communication, we are too quick to prejudge and pigeonhole people. Pro-freedom advocates are associated with far right politics. Yet, any long-form conversation with pro-freedom advocates indicates this ideology appeals to a wide political spectrum as it is predicated on sound and sustainable principles.
In short, slowing down and spending time with people we find our commonality exceeds our differences. That is the Bitcoin way.
In this interview, I talk to Ragnar Lifthrasir from Guns N’ Bitcoin. We discuss what it means to be pro-freedom, the role of the state, the importance of values to build good civilisations, Bitcoin groupthink, printed guns and the safe gun culture.
Location: Los Angeles Date: Friday 4th February Company: Swan Bitcoin Role: Head of Institutional Investment
As with all assets and commodities, a myriad of financial instruments have been developed around Bitcoin. The riskier end of the spectrum are opportunities to take levered positions. These positions can produce stellar returns, providing opportunities for those who feel like they’ve missed out on previous bull runs, or have the appetite to try and continue to outplay the market.
If only it were that simple. Stating leverage involves risk is a massive understatement. You. Can. Lose. Everything. Liquidation is a brutal experience. The issue regarding Bitcoin is that liquidation of open levered positions is inevitable and rapid due to the volatility.
There are numerous stories of markets turning suddenly in unexpected directions, and exchanges being unable to deal with the associated demand to add collateral to open positions. Then there are flash crashes which occur too quickly for anyone to be able to respond. Fairness doesn’t come into the algorithms used to close positions and action liquidations.
Rekt is a term used too often. A simple mistake can undo years of hard work. Staking sats, hodling, and staying humble are the tried and tested ways of maximizing the opportunities provided by Bitcoin. Developing the discipline of having a long time preference is a cathartic experience.
In this interview, I talk to Andy Edstrom, author of Why Buy Bitcoin and Head of Institutional Investment at Swan Bitcoin. We discuss experiences of getting rekt, applying good leverage, the waves of Bitcoin adoption, playing offence on Bitcoin’s ESG credentials, and investing in Bitcoin for time and freedom.
Location: Los Angeles Date: Friday 4th February Company: USC Marshall School of Business Role: Author and Adjunct Professor of Finance
Bitcoin empowers individuals, the threat to the state is clear. As the New German Chancellor Olaf Scholz asserted in December 2020: “We must do everything possible to make sure the currency monopoly remains in the hands of states.”
As a response to Bitcoin, the major world economies are pilot testing CBDCs, and pressure is being applied to low and middle-income countries. In October 2021 the IMF stated in its Global Financial Stability Report that “Emerging markets faced with cryptoization risks should strengthen macroeconomic policies and consider the benefits of issuing central bank digital currencies.”
The privacy concerns emanating from CBDCs are being exacerbated by the same organisations promoting them; in another IMF statement in late 2020 they stated a person's online search and purchase history is a suitable data source for undertaking a credit assessment. In addition, the anonymity of cash is known to be an issue for governments around the world.
Whilst there are obvious benefits to enabling better payments processes to citizens, CBDCs could also facilitate state controls on how and when people spend money. The Bank of England is considering using smart contracts within a CBDC; the FT raised concerns about the potential for severe restrictions on personal freedom mirroring China’s “social credit” system.
As we have seen, these fears are no longer being seen as theoretical threats that don’t apply to those living in western democracies. What is currently happening in Canada is giving even the most centred observers pause for thought. Bitcoin is the only obvious tool to provide freedom of currency denomination in a secure, trustless way, outside of the purview of Governments.
In this interview, I talk to the Author and Professor of Finance Nik Bhatia. We discuss the rationale for CBDCs and their limitations, a new form of heavily surveilled ‘free’ banking, Bitcoin as a discovery and a right, and how the Lightning Network makes Bitcoin a currency.
Location: San Francisco Date: Monday 7th February Project: Human Rights Foundation Role: Chief Strategy Officer
The majority of citizens of developed countries are blind to the true cost of modern warfare. Wars are fought in far off lands by technically advanced and voluntary armies; few people have direct or indirect exposure to first-hand experiences. Media coverage is sanitized of the associated brutality. And politicians willfully talk up the benefits of such wars with patriotic vigour.
Yet, the cold hard truth is extensive and vicious wars are being fought in our name. The costs of such wars are counted in thousands of faceless lives, and trillions of dollars of debt to be paid by future generations. That such wars have vague and shifting missions, or, are predicated on falsehoods, seems to be of little consequence. Citizens mostly tend to shrug their shoulders.
Large anti-war protests are still evident on occasions, most obviously at the moment in relation to the Russia-Ukrainian conflict, and previously in the lead up to the Iraq war. But, such protests are peaceful, sporadic, and ineffective. Wars still get fought. Aside from ethical discomfort, the costs to the majority not fighting the wars are limited.
That citizens don’t personally shoulder the costs of war is why politicians still feel empowered to engage in such actions, or, more importantly, to stay engaged in wars they did not start. It is why democratic peace theory has broken. There are multiple causes, but the fiat monetary system is a principal area of concern, enabling the financial burden to be offloaded to future generations.
Bitcoin doesn’t fix war. But, in a Bitcoin standard world, it would certainly make it harder to fight wars without citizens feeling the fiscal impacts. Ergo, citizens would have a greater interest in demanding a say.
In this interview, I talk to Alex Gladstein, Chief Strategy Officer at the Human Rights Foundation. We discuss how the fiat monetary system has broken democratic peace theory, why MMT enables forever wars, how Bitcoin could reduce unnecessary wars, and the need to discuss this more honestly within society.
Location: Remote Date: Tuesday 22nd February Project: lynalden.com Role: Macroeconomist
Wealth inequality is as an emotive subject as any. At a minimum it can divide societies, pitting citizens against each other. If left to deteriorate and fester it can lead to populist uprisings.
Both sides of the political divide put forward causes and propose solutions. And yet, despite the arguments being well worn, most of the assumptions underpinning these opinions don’t stand up to scrutiny.
Quantitative easing results in increased inequality - well, not necessarily. Globalisation leads to a hollowing out of the working class in developed nations - only in certain parts of the world. Governments enable cronyism to exacerbate wealth disparities - lobbying can constrain competition, but it is unclear whether libertarianism would halt monopolistic practices.
Those vying to shape opinion would have us believe in binary arguments. The problem, as ever, is that this subject is complex with many dynamic variables. It isn’t a question of making targeted policy interventions. A much more holistic and flexible approach is required.
In this interview, I talk to macroeconomist and investment strategist Lyn Alden. We discuss the multi-faceted drivers of wealth inequality, the societal impacts of such disparities, whether we’re on the cusp of another great depression, state-led policies, and whether Bitcoin is a mitigation.
Location: Los Angeles Date: Friday 4th February Company: Thiel Capital Role: MD
Culture wars, identity politics, the intellectual dark web, audience capture: this is the well-worn nomenclature used to define the battles of open discourse that have been raging over the past few years. Retaining an authentic and honest voice in today’s polarised and intolerant society has required fortitude and resilience.
But, trying to engage with those who refuse to have (or are incapable of having) an open mind takes its toll. In addition, it is equally waring to engage with those who have a firm opinion on all matters. People generally refrain from admitting they don’t know, or that they are open to changing their views, as though indecision or uncertainty are damning frailties.
Having a society that is blinkered and entrenched and toxic is obviously counterproductive. In a political context, pluralism is the bedrock of a functioning democracy. In science, openness to new ways of thinking and new ideas allows for the paradigm shifts that propel the advancement of our civilisation.
That some of our generations greatest thought leaders are having to waste their time defending their right to have views, instead of actually developing and sharing their views, is the behaviour of an inward-looking society starting to wither. The people within Bitcoin must help fix this.
In this interview, I talk to the managing director of Thiel Capital and podcaster Eric Weinstein. We discuss media fact-checking, colonising other worlds, physics beyond Einstein, intelligent design, narrative wars, modern fascism, and economic deception amidst the rise of Bitcoin.
Location: Los Angeles Date: Thursday 3rd February Project: Market Disrupters Live Role: Market Analyst
In the last show with Mark Moss, we discussed how society is currently at a rare confluence of 3 revolutionary cycles: political/social/cultural, technological, and financial. In this show, we expand on that thesis by discussing the ramifications of living in an age of great disruption. An age when the previous solid principles underpinning the organisation of operation of society are in flux.
Truly revolutionary questions that were assumed until recently to have been settled are now being seriously considered as being up for debate. What role, if any, should the state have? How should rules and regulations be determined, implemented, and policed? How can individuals act against the forces of centralization? Can we find truth in this post-fact world?
These questions are being debated as some believe monumental change within society is around the corner: we’re at peak centralisation and could be approaching a ‘Blow-Off Top’. Discordant forces will stretch and meld society into new shapes. Those not prepared will have their futures mapped out for them by others who are.
Those who are self-sufficient will be best placed to react to this changing world; Bitcoin is the means by which people will be able to have geographic freedom so they can escape coercion. Bitcoin is also the basis for helping like-minded groups to mould a new future.
In this interview, I talk to the serial entrepreneur and market analyst Mark Moss. We discuss peak centralization, the role of a state, the balkanization of society, the need for transparency and truth, and how Bitcoin enables people to free themselves from the tyranny of place.
Location: Los Angeles Date: Thursday 3rd February Project: Coin Stories podcast Role: Journalist
The American Dream has enabled the US to act as a beacon to the world: freedom and opportunity are available to all who are willing to strive, sacrifice, and work hard. This ethos was a powerful soft weapon during the cold war, but it still resonates with people all around the world today. That’s why the Green Card is the most sought-after immigrant visa in the world.
And yet, those living in the US today are struggling to experience the same chances and sense of fairness previous generations took for granted. Risk-taking, endeavour, playing by the rules - displaying these character traits is no longer a gateway to success; some are even starting to believe that those living by these standards are chumps.
The system seems just unjust; life is full of contradictions and hypocrisy. There are increasing restrictions on people’s sovereignty, whilst those in power aren’t playing by the same rules. At the same time, the rights of individuals are upheld in situations where their actions impact the wider society and where interventions and restrictions have sound justification.
Will Bitcoin help right the current economic wrongs?
In this interview, I talk to Natalie Brunell, a fellow podcaster who hosts Coin Stories. We discuss coming to America, uncovering a failing system through journalism, finding Bitcoin and hope, and developing a mission to fix things.
Location: San Francisco Date: Tuesday 8th February Project: Bitcoin Policy Institute Role: Fellow
On both sides of the Atlantic, politicians and regulators are questioning the sustainability of Bitcoin mining. These positions knowingly or unknowingly use narratives and statistics that have been widely dispelled by authorities within our industry.
Bitcoin is cited as a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, ignoring the detrimental impact of the petrodollar and other institutionally accepted activities. Bitcoin transactions are disingenuously portrayed as being incredibly polluting; as Nic Carter stated “The question of Bitcoin’s energy footprint is riven with misconceptions.”
Usage of renewable power for Bitcoin mining is portrayed as being wasteful as though energy use is a zero-sum game, instead of Bitcoin being a flexible load facilitating increased investment and energy production.
Satoshi Nakamoto even foresaw energy use as being an issue. In August 2010 Satoshi posted “The utility of the exchanges made possible by Bitcoin will far exceed the cost of electricity used. Therefore, not having Bitcoin is a net waste.”
But, despite the obvious attributes of Bitcoin that mitigates its impacts, powerful stakeholders still use environmental FUD to undermine the industry. What if there was a way to explicitly make Bitcoin mining part of the ESG framework rather than having ESG weaponised against the industry? Such an idea would kick away the ladder for Bitcoin mining detractors. Meet Troy Cross.
In this interview, I talk to Troy Cross, a Fellow at the Bitcoin Policy Institute. We discuss his personal journey of reconciling Bitcoin’s energy footprint, the environmental FUD used against Bitcoin, how Bitcoin mining mitigates climate change, and the game-changing idea to incentivise sustainable Bitcoin mining.
Location: Los Angeles Date: Wednesday 2nd February Company: Independent Role: Author
The Bitcoin rabbit hole is a confusing, perplexing, and thoroughly exhilarating experience. It involves the dissolving of previous certainties and the discovery of a labyrinthine mass of revolutionary knowledge. It is a life-changing experience.
This journey necessitates one to consider profound and fundamental concepts that society has almost uniformly forgotten to question: what is the purpose of money, what is the best money, who decides this for us, what is money backed by? The process is like an awakening from a long and childish dream. The result is a realisation that the status quo should and can be changed.
Bitcoin is now ubiquitous; it is easy to forget that it is a nascent and rapidly evolving technology. Despite there being a growing library of valuable information by an illustrious collection of authors, those new to the subject often feel swamped. Particularly as there are factions within the community with sometimes conflicting views and opinions.
That is why it is valuable to have material written by people who have been on that journey of discovery, those who have had to unravel the twisted knot of diverse subjects that underpin Bitcoin: computer science, cryptography, economics, finance, banking, philosophy, civics, geopolitics, law. And perhaps most vitally, those able to provide a neutral position on Bitcoin.
In this interview, I talk to Eric Yakes, author of The 7th Property. We discuss the genesis of the book, the Federal Reserve, the role of libertarianism in our future, and the foundational and unique strengths of Bitcoin.
Location: Los Angeles Date: Wednesday 2nd February Company: N/A Role: N/A
Web3 is a co-opted term that was originally used to describe an internet that gives users greater control over their privacy and data. It is now commonly referred to as the metaverse.
The metaverse, originally described in Neal Stephenson's Snow Crash, was a dystopian future that envisions a virtual reality-based successor to the internet. The metaverse has been picked up on by VCs and Silicon Valley and is now promising to revolutionise the way we interact with the internet taking advantage of NFTs and 'crypto'.
However, bitcoiners remain sceptical. Over the last 13 years, thousands of projects have come and gone, promising huge innovation with little to back it up, from altcoins that promise to be 'the new bitcoin' to narratives like 'blockchain, not bitcoin' and the ICO boom, and bust.
In this interview, American HODL and Junseth take aim at Web3, NFTs and the metaverse and discuss why they believe that it will not only fail but that it doesn't even exist in the first place.
Location: Los Angeles Date: Tuesday 1st February Project: Strike Role: CEO
Over the past few years, Jack Mallers has made your “bank account speak bitcoin” with Strike, started the “pay me in Bitcoin” campaign, and was instrumental in onboarding an entire country on to Bitcoin, but he’s only just getting started.
Bitcoin is an open monetary network that enables a free market for payments and unprecedented interoperability. With money moving at the speed of lightning on a level playing field, the money and payments industries are being disrupted at a staggering pace.
Now, calls are pouring in from massive players trying to understand how the world is changing. So who will Jack orange pill next?
In this interview, I talk to Jack Mallers, CEO of Strike. We discuss his interactions with the IMF, Facebook, Jeff Bezos, and Argentina, and the global implications of the Bitcoin network.
Location: Remote Date: Friday 4th February Project: @HondHondHodl
Covid-19 mandates have evolved across the world over the past few years. Such mandates involve limitations on what many previously assumed to be universal freedoms. Whilst restrictions were widely and voluntarily accepted in the early phases of the pandemic, people across the world are now starting to question their efficacy and fairness.
Rules imposed by bureaucrats are increasingly being viewed as myopic to wider societal impacts and seemingly slow to account for the latest science. This is resulting in growing dissent. The rejection of government-directed coronavirus measures is arguably most ardent when it affects people's livelihoods.
Canada in January imposed a new rule requiring that truckers must be vaccinated to cross the US-Canadian border. Given the geography in Canada, trucking invariably requires trips to and from the US. So, for unvaccinated truckers, this rule would effectively mean they couldn't work.
A resultant protest lit the flame for wider discontent about Covid-19 health restrictions. This rapidly spread such that a nationwide protest movement has been ignited, centred on the nation's capital Ottawa.
The two sides are becoming increasingly entrenched: truckers are preparing for a long period of resistance, whilst the government is increasingly using more draconian measures to break up the protest. The most contentious action, though, has been GoFundMe withholding millions of dollars raised for the truckers.
Bitcoin is now being used to support the truckers: the utility of uncensorable money has perhaps found its most important use case yet in a democratic state.
In this interview, I talk to Bitcoin Strategist Greg Foss, and NobodyCaribou who is documenting the growing trucker protest movement. We discuss the genesis of the protest, Canadian rights and freedoms, the importance of non-violent resistance, the scale of the movement, and how Bitcoin is a vital tool in this fight for freedom.
Location: Los Angeles Date: Wednesday 2nd February Company/project: TBA Role: Retired Tight End
Sean Culkin has lived the dream. An all-round sportsman, he was identified as an American football talent at high school gaining national acclaim in his senior year. There then followed a prodigious college career playing for the Missouri Tigers, which lead to him securing a much sort after professional contract with the LA Chargers.
Professional football careers are unnaturally short: injury and commercial pressures mean most players are lucky to experience more than 2 and a half seasons. Sean Culkin had 4 seasons at three teams, albeit his career was effectively curtailed after he tore his Achilles early into his 3rd season.
Sean didn’t walk for 5 months, and there then followed the harsh realities of having to seek opportunities away from LA to prove himself again in practice and reserve squads. Then, in May of last year, Sean was released, and he decided to make the fateful decision to retire.
The thing is, the dream only manifests as a result of hard work, discipline and sacrifice. Nobody prepares for fate to cruelly cut short a sports career. Then there’s the compounding effect of having to not only find a new path but to replace a life that had been dictated up to that point by routine and teamwork. And do this largely on your own.
Sean, by his own admission, struggled with this transition. He went off-grid, and faced some demons. The measure of a person is how they deal with adversity. And Sean has shown that he has fortitude: he’s turned his life around by developing a Proof of Work mindset.
In this interview, I talk to the former American football player and aspiring entrepreneur Sean Culkin. We discuss sacrifice and hard work, the rigours and harsh realities of American football, the trap of the fiat lifestyle, learning to live in the present, and the next steps.
Location: Los Angeles Date: Tuesday 1st February Company: Independent Role: Software Engineer and Author
In 2005 Ray Kurzweil introduced the idea of the singularity: a point in the near future when artificial superintelligence surpasses human intelligence. In his book “The Singularity is Near”, Kurzweil embraced the benefits such a future presented humans: “Our sole responsibility is to produce something smarter than we are; any problems beyond that are not ours to solve.”
Yet, less than 2 decades later, technologists, futurists, and philosophers are now envisaging potentially catastrophic futures for our species. The conversion from the utopian to a dystopian view of the future has roots in the development of the Fermi paradox, i.e. why, despite high estimates for the existence of extraterrestrial life, is there no clear and obvious evidence for it?
One theory gaining wider acceptance is that there could be a Great Filter: a barrier preventing intelligent colonisation of the universe. Life may be unable to evolve into advanced civilisations through being unable to manage technologies that manifest existential risks. This is evident with existing innovations: nuclear weapons, biotechnology, nanotechnology, poorly designed AI etc.
The risks proliferate when such technology becomes cheap and ubiquitous such that we can all harness great power: it is the democratisation of mass destruction. A range of technologies that can do irreparable harm could be within each individual’s grasp, and our society has enough individuals willing to inflict such harm.
So, technology has the potential to destroy us rather than liberate us. How should we mitigate this potential future if it is enabled by continued advances, decentralisation, and increased freedoms?
In this interview, I talk to Software Engineer and Author Vijay Boyapati. We discuss the Fermi paradox and the Great Filter, whether solutions involve centralisation and reducing freedoms, if society is best served by democracy, and the inevitable need for humans to escape the earth.
Location: Remote Date: Thursday 27th January Company: Hypersheet Role: Co-Founder
Given the unprecedented combination of events that impacted Bitcoin in 2021, it is perhaps not surprising that the market currently feels like it’s in uncharted territory. Patterns of trading behaviour have changed, new investors and trading instruments are influencing the price, and the old cycles no longer seem to apply.
This wasn’t forecasted. The rally into the back end of 2021 was expected to be sustained: institutional adoption ramped up. Yet, despite the influx of capital, whales hodling, and even miners keeping hold of their bitcoin, the price has seen a 50% correction since the ATH in early November.
However, shorting Bitcoin from this position would be a bold trade. The old coins are still not selling. Further, positive regulatory clarity could kickstart a rush of institutional capital.
In this interview, I talk to Willy Woo, on-chain analyst and Co-Founder of Hypersheet. We discuss the current Bitcoin price, why it doesn’t look like a bear market, the breaking of the 4-year cycles, and how he’s positioning his portfolio.
Location: Remote Date: Wednesday 26th January Company: lynalden.com Role: Macroeconomist
January 2022 has been tough for Bitcoiners, a lacklustre end to 2021 has been followed by a drawdown. However, the stagnation of Bitcoin’s price has mirrored wider macroeconomic issues as both bond and equity markets react to inflationary pressures. This has resulted in a flurry of criticisms that Bitcoin is not the inflationary hedge it has been purported to be.
Yet, the economic rationale that drove Satoshi’s development of Bitcoin is manifest. Decades of relaxed monetary policy, an era of cheap money, has resulted in significant excess capital being generated. A lot of this has been ploughed into US equities. Lyn Alden’s latest newsletter likens the stock market performance over the last 40 years to a sponge soaking up water.
Well, that sponge seems to be saturated. The US equities now represent over 61% of the market capitalization of all global stocks. At the same time, inflationary pressures are forcing the hands of governments around to world to raise interest rates. Fears of stagflation abound. The sponge is about to get wrung out.
Economic history shows these are the periods when hard money becomes dominant. That’s why hodlers continue to hodl.
In this interview, I talk to macroeconomist and investment strategist Lyn Alden. We discuss the signals pointing to the end of the equities supercycle, the risks of energy prices continuing to drive inflation, the IMF and El Salvador, central banks being at an impasse, and Bitcoin’s next play.
Location: Remote Date: Monday 24th January Project: balajis.com, glenngreenwald.com.br Role: Angel Investor & Entrepreneur, Journalist and Author
US exceptionalism and continuance of its role as the world's leading power is under threat. Whilst it is arguable whether America has truly lived up to being that ‘Shining City on a Hill’, it’s potential demise and a resultant shifting balance of power eastwards should give those who believe in freedom and privacy pause for thought.
The reasons for the current predicament are varied and complex. Whilst there are powerful external forces seeking to damage the US, the most critical wounds are those that have been self-inflicted. Of these, a breakdown of public trust in government and the media are perhaps the most consequential.
The impacts are apparent to all: polarisation, ineffective governance, paranoia, stasis. All the while, China continues to make bold and aggressive moves aimed at supplanting the US.
All of this has occurred in a relatively short period of time. Just 30 years ago the Soviet Union fell, whilst Chinese nominal GDP was 6% of the US’s. Complacency and a focus on fighting imaginary enemies allowed rot to set in. Does Bitcoin offer an opportunity for the US to regain it’s discipline whilst also living up to the mantle of being the land of the free?
In this interview, I talk to angel investor Balaji Srinivasan and journalist Glenn Greenwald. We compare American incompetence to Chinese competence, how Bitcoin offers hope, why the US establishment has struggled to assimilate new technology and the damaging conflict between tech and media over the past 20 years.
Location: London Date: Thursday 13th January Project: LNbits, NOSTR Role: Bitcoin and free open source software advocate
What are the politics of Bitcoin? Satoshi in a post in 2008 said “It's very attractive to the libertarian viewpoint if we can explain it properly.” And, it certainly has garnered a strong libertarian following, principally because of its unique utility to undermine governments’ control of money.
However, Bitcoiners are a broad church. The original cypherpunks philosophy was predicated on anarchist ideals, to work outside of government controls. This attitude is analogous to a wide variety of political philosophies, including those on the left who feel disenfranchised by the current global capitalist hegemony.
There is a strong and growing group of left-leaning Bitcoiners, who see the protocol as a radical means of achieving a fairer society where the levers of power and organisation are controlled by a community rather than elites.
This may trigger a powerful section in Bitcoin whose views are antithetical to those on the left. And yet, this broad range of communities with divergent dogmas have all enabled Bitcoin to develop its critical mass. This is because early adopters viewing Bitcoin as a philosophy, whatever that philosophy may be, has inspired ardent advocacy and robust hodling behaviour.
It surely underlines the genius of Bitcoin’s protocol if those with seemingly divergent opinions can all lay claim to the benefits of the technology. Furthermore, history has shown that robust societies are ones where ideas are debated, tested, and then synthesized. If we can do this as a community we have a real opportunity to lay the foundations for a more open and fair society.
In this interview, I talk to Ben Arc, an industrious Bitcoin and free open source software advocate. We discuss the attraction of Bitcoin to those on the left, Bitcoin as a commons for society, developing open source applications to take on big tech, and Marxism.
Location: London Date: Thursday 13th January Company: Real Bedford Role: Chairman
For years I have wanted to buy a football club in Bedford and get them in the football league. Now it’s a reality as I have agreed to acquire Bedford FC and set up the first Bitcoin standard football club: Real Bedford. And, it’s thanks to Bitcoin and its amazing community.
There are two prime motivations. Firstly I want an opportunity to play my part and help spread the wider exposure, education, and adoption of Bitcoin. There are many great people I’ve been fortunate to interview over these past few years who have provided real value to the ecosystem.
Secondly, I want to give something back to my hometown where I still live: Bedford. Like many small towns throughout the UK and around the world, it has gone through various waves of growth and contraction that have tested its identity. A football club that’s able to compete at the highest levels could provide a positive focal point for the town and put it firmly back on the map.
Don’t be fooled into thinking this isn’t without major challenges. I have never run a football club before, we’re 9 leagues below the Premier League, I have other significant commitments, and there’s widespread incredulity about my ambitions. But, this is a boys’ own dream, and I want to take you along for the ride.
In this interview, Bitcoin advocate and good friend of What Bitcoin Did Dominic Frisby talks to Peter McCormack, Chairman of Real Bedford. We discuss the dream to help Bitcoin and Bedford, learning to run a football club, and documenting the adventure.
Location: New York Date: Thursday 9th December Company: Casa Role: CEO
Not your keys, not your coins.
Despite being a central mantra of Bitcoiners, self-custody is still an issue for the ecosystem. Whether it be major institutional investors or new small volume retail buyers, there are material concerns over the risks and technical skills required with being responsible for Bitcoin keys.
Whilst delegating custody removes perceived barriers to entry, they present new risks to individuals and the wider network. These new risks may be nebulous and abstract to many. But they are real and significant issues that contravene Satoshi’s central mission for a decentralized self-sovereign system of peer to peer cash.
The paradox is that rather than requiring specialist technical skills, modern hardware wallets are both significantly more user friendly and intuitive than their recent predecessors. This is both in terms of the products themselves and the support infrastructure (i.e. helplines etc.) provided by manufacturers.
Whilst it may be easy to have someone else store your bitcoin, it is still the case that if you don’t own the keys, you don’t control the coins. The irony is you may only discover this at the time you are in most need of your bitcoin.
In this interview, I talk to Nick Neuman, CEO of Casa. We discuss the scale of third-party custodying of bitcoin, the inherent risks of delegating bitcoin custody, the security and support provided to users of hardware wallets, and the latest innovations.
Location: New York Date: Tuesday 6th December Company: Messari Role: Founder & CEO
Bitcoin’s architecture uses decentralisation to achieve censorship-resistance and permissionless access to a revolutionary monetary protocol. And despite thousands of altcoins that claimed to be better or faster over the years, Bitcoin reigns as the non-sovereign store of value in the digital world.
However, what is not yet clear is if the wider world of ‘crypto’ can achieve similarly permissionless innovation outside of money, or if they are instead ‘decentralised in name only’.
Can these protocols resist influence by powerful actors? What is ‘enough’ decentralisation? Will the fundraising-via-token model survive the SEC? Will they adapt to increasing pressure? Is there real innovation, or is it all just a house of cards of venture capital and marketing? Many questions remain.
As Bitcoiners it is important to engage those with broader outlooks, even if we have seemingly incompatible ideologies. The battle of ideas involves free, open, and respectful discussion.
In this interview, I talk to the founder and CEO of the research and data firm Messari, Ryan Selkis. We discuss Messari’s industry-leading opus on the state of the ecosystem, Bitcoin and gold, regulation, both sides of the Web3 debate and the differentiation of Bitcoin and ‘crypto’.
Location: Remote Date: Wednesday 12th January Company: Validus Power Corp; Equity Management Associates Role: Bitcoin Strategist; Investment Manager
For an extended period of time, a working career for many, the economic system has been going in one direction: interest rates have been declining, whilst bonds have been on an extended bull market. Since the economic chaos of the 1970s, a globalizing world has been aligning around a reasonably stable and predictable financial paradigm.
That all changed in 2007 when the global financial crisis turned traditional financial markets upside down. The crisis normalised extraordinary measures like open market operations and quantitative easing.
Little did we know that the turmoil of the global financial crisis was setting the stage for even more anomalous actions by central banks. In response to the pandemic, the US treasury in 2020 increased the money supply by 20%. This stimulus was mirrored by governments across the world.
In a collective state of denial, the world's leaders all seem to have believed that this sudden massive injection of money will not have a systemic impact on world economies. The velocity of money would keep pace, that deflationary pressures would balance out, or that these massive sums of new money somehow wouldn’t seep into the ‘real’ economy.
Herbert Stein was an American economist, who amongst other things was chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers under Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford. In 1986 he presented Stein's Law: "If something cannot go on forever, it will stop." Unprecedented activity on the bond markets last week suggest that the can being kicked has run out of road; the state of denial may be over.
In this interview, I talk to Bitcoin Strategist Greg Foss and Investment Manager Lawrence Lepard about last week's extraordinary activity in the bond markets. We discuss the convergence of economic constraints boxing in the Fed, the pretence of bond value, contagion risks, and using Bitcoin for capital protection at the individual and national level.
Location: New York Date: Friday 10th December Project: Democratic primary for 2022 US Senate election in Ohio Role: Democratic candidate
It is a common refrain that US politics is broken: a two-party system limiting serious debate, corporations corrupting politics via PACs and lobbyists, media monetizing rage, a polarised electorate demonizing the opposition. The themes are well worn, but nothing seems to change.
At the same time, society is beset by a growing list of material issues: rising inequality, a squeezed middle class, unprecedented levels of debt, impacts of technology on jobs, climate change, the rise of China, etc. etc. etc.
There are strong grounds to suggest that such issues can only be only mitigated or solved through coordinated action managed by the government. There are equally persuasive arguments that rather than fix things, the government actually exacerbates problems.
If we are to start to repair society, we need to fix politics. This starts with having politicians citizens can trust, politicians that are informed, politicians not beholden to corporations, politicians that make decisions based firmly on the merit of an argument.
Cynicism is justified, but it does seem there is a new cohort of budding representatives on both sides of the political spectrum who want to bring such change.
In this interview, I talk to former senior advisor at the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau and prospective Democratic candidate for the 2022 US Senate election in Ohio, Morgan Harper. We discuss her political motivations, removing corporate money from politics, how Bitcoin can help level the playing field, and taking politics out of policy.
Location: New York Date: Wednesday 8th December Company: Former CEO of Blockstream Role: Entrepreneur, VC & Cypherpunk
It is a common refrain that we are living in unprecedented times. Yet, the most inconceivable changes to society are ahead of us. A confluence of exponential forces could see our species either flourish or wither. The changes that these forces will bring are fast approaching.
A technological singularity is predicted to occur in a generation: innovations will bring rapid change that is both bewildering and uncontrollable. These technologies will become increasingly cheaper and ubiquitous such that the risk profiles associated with misuse will grow significantly.
At the same time, we risk seeing the traditional financial systems shatter as exponential growth in debt finally becomes unsustainable and deflationary pressures finally dominate to destroy traditional credit systems.
Bitcoin can’t solve all these problems, but it is a central part of the toolbox of solutions.
In the second of two interviews, I talk to Austin Hill, the entrepreneur, cypherpunk & venture capitalist. We discuss the singularity and vulnerable world hypothesis, how technology can strengthen totalitarianism and the role of Bitcoin in harm reduction.
Location: New York Date: Tuesday 7th December Company: Former CEO of Blockstream Role: Entrepreneur, VC & Cypherpunk
Many are still ignorant of the cypherpunk movement. Yet, it is arguably one of the most consequential enterprises in the history of man.
The rise of civilization has been marked by a slow shift from centralized control to increasing levels of individual sovereignty. This was accelerated by the industrial revolution, with political institutions adapting to facilitate increasing levels of democracy.
Democracy peaked in 1990's: Francis Fukuyama predicted in 1992 universalization of liberal democracy would lead to 'The End of History'. But in only a generation, this certainty of the future has been lost. We are now at a critical junction, where many fear technology could allow for a permanent totalitarian structuring of society.
Cypherpunks seek to ensure the balance of power is in the hands of the individual. Foreseeing the inherent danger to maintaining an open society in the electronic age, they have and continue to devise privacy-enhancing technologies. "We know that someone has to write software to defend privacy, and ... we're going to write it." A Cypherpunk's Manifesto (Eric Hughes, 1993).
The future role of the individual, and the essence of civilization, is in the hands of an informal, diligent, dispersed, and largely unheralded cohort of computer and cryptography experts.
I sat down with Austin Hill, one of the original converts to the cypherpunk movement, and more lately, a pivotal safeguarding figure for Bitcoin. In the first of two successive interviews to be released, we discuss how he discovered the cypherpunks, his challenging early endeavours, a reawakening through Bitcoin, and the risks and opportunities for the future.
Location: New York Date: Saturday 5th December Project/company: Pragmatic Capitalism, Orcam Financial Group Role: Chief Investment Officer
In the 1980’s, Harry Browne devised an investment strategy designed to perform well in all economic conditions. It is referred to as the Permanent Portfolio. Investments are equally allocated to stocks, bonds, gold, and cash. The objective is for the portfolio to perform well in all economic conditions.
But Harry Browne’s strategy was developed in a period when short term boom and bust debt cycles were still a feature of economic systems. Since the global financial crisis of 2007, the debt cycle hasn’t been allowed to function properly: recessions have been mitigated through unprecedented governmental monetary and fiscal stimulus programmes.
In this new paradigm, where inflationary pressures cast a large shadow, what are the best investment strategies to take? Certain Bitcoiners are all in on the new form of money designed for these times. This does not fit everyone's risk appetite. But, having a portfolio that lacks exposure to Bitcoin risks missing out in a market that could otherwise be devoid of alpha.
Then there is also a geographical variable at play: the US has certain inherent strengths that are not available to citizens of other countries, significantly affecting investment decisions.
In this interview, I talk to investment strategist and founder of the educational website Pragmatic Capitalism, Cullen Roche. We discuss the drivers for inflation, the role of government, investment strategies during uncertain times, and the place for Bitcoin in asset portfolios.
Location: Remote Date: Tuesday 28th December Project: Tales from the Crypt, the Rabbit Hole Recap Role: Co-host, host
Twelve months ago, we felt 2020 had been a defining year for Bitcoin, yet it pales into insignificance compared to what bitcoin has done in 2021. Microstrategy, Elon Musk, El Salvador, China, the list goes on. And now we have a football club run on the Bitcoin standard!
Each event was surprising and seismic. And yet, we end the year feeling like the price has tracked sideways (albeit with the characteristic volatility). Now, the year ends with some red lines being drawn by powerful players on either side of the Web3 debate.
It’s time to take stock, review what just happened and what is in store for 2022.
To round off 2021, I talk to Matt Odell, co-host of Tales From the Crypt and host of the Citadel Dispatch. We discuss everything in Bitcoin in 2021, from the Bitcoin podcast space, price action, Elon Musk, El Salvador, Web3 and a Bitcoin Football Club.
Location: New York Date: Wednesday 8th December Project: lynalden.com Role: Macroeconomist
These are strange times. The US Dollar’s established role as the global reserve currency is under threat from competing powers, most notably China. However, at the same time, Bitcoin, a nascent and denigrated decentralized digital asset, has grown so rapidly it is now being seriously considered as a potential competitor to all nation-state currencies.
The dominant international role of the US Dollar wasn’t inevitable; it was the result of deliberate and coordinated efforts to ensure it replaced gold as the backstop for global economic activity. These measures have had relatively short term benefits for some powerful groups within society but at the expense of the cohesion of the US nation-state and geopolitical freedoms.
Inevitably “all pegs break”, and thus, due to various factors, the US dollar is coming under increasing pressure: declining international interest in taking on US debt; increasing geopolitical competition; and domestic fatigue with the unequal societal consequences of having monetary dominance.
Yet, instead of a new nation-state currency replacing the US Dollar, Bitcoin has the potential to be a viable hard money replacement.
The currencies of the world are in flux.
In this interview, I talk to macroeconomist and investment strategist Lyn Alden. We discuss currency wars, positive and negative consequences for the US having a global reserve currency, the consolidation of global currencies and whether Bitcoin can become an alternative reserve currency.
Location: Remote Date: Thursday 23rd December Companies: Hypersheet Role: Co-Founder
2021 has been a year like no other in Bitcoin. The market has matured dramatically with increased institutional interest following the Michael Saylor and MicroStrategy playbook, El Salvador driving nation-state adoption and more sophisticated market instruments with the launch of two US-based Bitcoin futures ETFs.
The maturing of the market seems to have broken the typical 4-year cycle around the halving. No longer are we seeing huge parabolic run ups and massive +80% sell-offs. Instead, we have had much more complex price action throughout the year. After hitting mid-$60,000s in May, we had a 50% correction followed by months of consolidation before another run-up and a new all-time high in November.
Now, at the end of 2021, the bitcoin price is ~$50,000, and while it is still the same price as it was in February, so much has changed. So if the traditional market cycles are broken and we are entering a new, more mature period for Bitcoin, what will 2022 bring?
In this interview, I talk to Willy Woo, an on-chain analyst and Co-Founder of Hypersheet. We discuss how the price action in 2021, what to expect in 2022 & beyond and how the market has matured.
Location: New York Date: Thursday 9th December Companies: Galaxy Digital; Hut 8 Mining Role: Head of Mining; CEO
Satoshi’s white paper introduced the principle of bitcoin mining as both an incentive for creating new blocks, as a means to distribute coins into circulation, and as a means of encouraging nodes to remain honest. Mining is, therefore, the bedrock for Bitcoin. Yet, it is poorly understood even by the most experienced Bitcoiners.
The manufacturing of mining hardware is currently dominated by a Chinese duopoly, which in turn depend upon just two Asian semiconductor companies. Whilst the market for mining hardware is more decentralised, a sizable proportion of ownership is in private hands. Thus, it is hard to get reliable data on the size of the market in terms of hashpower, machine units, and mining costs.
Combined with bitcoins volatility, this significant uncertainty makes the financing of Bitcoin mining a complex market. Added to this are the difficulties caused by trade tariffs on Chinese goods and the current drama of ubiquitous supply chain issues affecting chip supplies and freight logistics. Finally, mining companies are in the firing line over perceived environmental impacts.
Yet, despite all of these headwinds, Bitcoin mining is a thriving business in both the United States and Canada. Investment is at an all-time high, innovation is driving operations to maximise the hash rate, and the wider world is waking up to how it supports the energy grid and rural communities.
In this interview, I talk to Amanda Fabiano, Head of Mining at Galaxy Digital and Jaime Leverton, CEO Hut 8 Mining. We discuss the current ASIC and mining markets, running operations in an uncertain industry during uncertain times, ESG FUD and the future of mining.
Location: New York Date: Sunday 5th December Project: Ethereum Role: Core Developer
The Proof of Work (PoW) consensus protocol is under relentless attack.
Earlier this month The House of Representatives held a hearing on digital assets. Rashida Tlaib dismissively questioned Proof of Work PoW, quoting erroneous Bitcoin transaction energy cost data. In response Stellar’s CEO Denelle Dixon implicitly agreed PoW was energy intensive, and that “we all need to focus on minimizing the energy consumption as much as possible”.
The next day Ripple’s co-founder Chairman Chris Larsen published a medium article that stated “Bitcoin’s code needs to be changed to a low energy consensus algorithm like those used by nearly all other major crypto protocols.”
Last week CNBC interviewed the CEOs of 2 wealth management firms. One stated the following:
“Bitcoin operates on PoW: that’s the older technology, it’s slower, it’s really a drain on energy. Proof of Stake (PoS) is the newer system, it’s where I’d want my money going. It’s less energy intensive. It’s faster. It’s more secure."
In potentially the biggest change to any blockchain ever implemented, Ethereum is planning to move from PoW to PoS. PoS has been argued by its proponents (most notably Vitalik Buterin) to not only be less energy intensive than PoW, but to also provide significantly much cheaper security, and greater decentralization.
But, the arguments dismissing PoW and recommending PoS are fundamentally flawed.
In this interview, I talk to the former Ethereum Core Developer Lane Rettig, who now works as a core developer for Spacemesh. We discuss the history and logic behind PoW, the drivers for developing new consensus protocols, how PoS is set to work within Ethereum, and the significant flaws and risks this proposed change entails.
Location: Washington D.C. Date: Wednesday 1st December Project: Inter Miami Role: Professional Footballer
Ever since Russell Okung's famous “Pay me in Bitcoin” tweet, the trend for professional athletes taking their salary in Bitcoin has been on the rise.
Russell teamed up with Strike to take payment in Bitcoin. Earlier this year, Odell Beckham Jr revealed he would take his salary in Bitcoin thanks to Cash App, and most recently, Kieran Gibbs announced his intention to take half his salary in Bitcoin with the help of XBTO.
Kieran Gibbs is an ex-England international who built his career playing for Arsenal. He now plays in the MLS with David Beckham's new franchise Inter Miami.
In this interview, I talk to Kieran Gibbs, and we discuss his journey down the Bitcoin rabbit hole, his decision to take his paycheque in Bitcoin, as well as his playing career and move to the MLS.
Location: Washington D.C. Date: Saturday 4th December Project: American Economic Liberties Project & Coin Center Role: Director of Research & Research Director
2021 has been a monumental year for Bitcoin for many reasons. As a result, Bitcoin has matured in the minds of casual observers: it is now seriously viewed as a viable alternative to other forms of money. Whilst this is a validation for proponents, such a situation is like a fever dream for those who believe in the primacy of the state.
China has banned private digital assets. The IMF is concerned about the impact of digital assets on financial stability. On Wednesday, the lead economist at the IMF stated that urgent international coordination is required to implement regulation. India’s Prime Minister Narendra Modi has echoed these comments.
There are also concerns from more vocal advocates for democracy. Such people argue there is no such thing as deregulation: someone is always making the rules. The decision is whether such rules are made within the purview of collective agreement, or by unelected and unaccountable powers. This community thinks Bitcoin undermines the state and thereby democracy.
Bitcoin is rightly or wrongly associated with an anarcho capitalist ideology. Yet, the Bitcoin community is a broad church. There is a growing sense that a silent majority who still believe in government, but also see Bitcoin as a powerful check on centralised control. They view Bitcoin as second amendment rights for money.
In this interview, I talk to Matt Stoller: author of ‘Goliath: The 100-Year War Between Monopoly Power and Democracy’, about his recent newsletter post ‘Cryptocurrencies: A Necessary Scam?’. To make the case for Bitcoin I am joined by Coin Center’s Peter Van Valkenburgh. We discuss the issue of power consolidation, the current crisis with democracy, and the monopoly of money.
Location: Washington D.C. Date: Sunday 5th December Project: Bitcoin Today Coalition Role: Leadership & Advisory Board
Studies have shown that education improves decision-making ability, that’s not a great surprise. The real breakthrough in the latter part of the 20th century was the identification that educational efforts in adults are best directed at correcting for cognitive bias: our subconscious subjective version of reality that can lead us to making irrational decisions.
This issue is widely apparent in the modern world dominated by disruptive technology seeking to undo long established but ineffective human developed systems. That such systems are controlled by power structures dominated by an older generation makes this issue more acute.
This is perhaps the greatest risk for Bitcoin: blind or willful ignorance leads to irrational decision making at the level of the state. That is where organisations such as the ‘Bitcoin Today Coalition’ come in. It is an interest group representing Bitcoin holders and the wider Bitcoin industry. One of its core aims is to increase Bitcoin literacy within America’s legislative and regulatory bodies.
In this interview, I talk to 2 leaders of the Bitcoin Today Coalition: CJ Wilson and Amanda Cavaleri. We discuss educating the political class on Bitcoin and how it can make a strong America through strengthening energy grids, revitalizing rural economies, and giving those on the bottom economic rung equal access to a financial system.
Location: Miami Date: Wednesday 1st December Organization: City of Miami Role: Mayor of Miami
It is a common refrain that politics is in crisis. Polarization is producing deadlock. Election cycles mean big decisions are kicked down the road. A lack of term limits in congress results in a generation of out of touch leaders.
But there is hope. A new cohort of energised and informed political leaders willing to tackle systemic issues are coming to the fore. Emblematic of this shift is the Mayor for the City of Miami Francis X. Suarez.
Galvanised by dealing with the impact of the 2007 financial crisis on municipal government, Mayor Suarez recognized that executive power means creating the conditions for prosperity: sound fiscal discipline, attractive tax codes, and a government that supports entrepreneurship.
Mayor Suarez also knows that leadership is key in an uncertain and changing world. He understands how Bitcoin is leading a change to resolve broken human systems through code. Providing a vision of a Bitcoin led future aims to give Miami’s citizens a new sense of economic hope and trust, both for themselves and the generations to follow.
In this interview, I talk with Mayor Francis Suarez about leading the City of Miami. We discuss the political system, the role of a Mayor, and running a successful city. Further we talk about how Bitcoin re-energises capitalist systems, the benefits of Bitcoin mining, and MiamiCoin.
Location: Miami Date: Thursday 2nd December Company: Validus Power Corp Role: Bitcoin Strategist
Credit is central to the modern capitalist system. This makes bonds the most important financial contract in the world, significantly more important than equities. So, when credit markets get sick, all other markets suffer.
Bonds have performed well for nearly two generations. However, the market looks like it’s about to turn. Yields are being suppressed by unprecedented government purchase schemes. This has to end, and when it does, yields will increase, prices will drop, and debt will become more costly for governments.
The demand side effects are just as damaging. Pension funds are mandated to make significant bond purchases (usually representing 40% of a portfolio). Low bond yields in a high inflation environment result in increased liabilities for pension funds. Rising yields are obviously better, but not for those holding bonds dropping in value.
Is it time for pension funds to be allowed to add bitcoin to their portfolios?
In this interview, I talk with Bitcoin Strategist Greg Foss about how government bond markets are being manipulated through quantitative easing and how this will soon have to end. We further discuss what this means for equities and pensions and the potential for investors to seek refuge in bitcoin.
Location: Miami Date: Wednesday 1st December Role: Market Analyst
Studying history helps us paint a detailed picture of where we stand today. But, our modern society is complex; it is shaped by the interplay between political, social, cultural, technological, and financial spheres. So, understanding our world requires gaining a knowledge of a range of histories.
When one gains a full appreciation of the past, patterns can be identified. Sometimes, extraordinary patterns in society can emerge.
We’re on the cusp of a cyclical convergence that happens only once every 250 years. The last time this happened democracy was born and the world changed forever.
We’re again at such a moment, where momentous change is upon us. But the future is unclear, and this time the cycles could break. We could be on a path to an authoritarian future it may be impossible to return from.
So could Bitcoin be the innovation upon which the fate of humanity depends?
In this interview, I talk to the serial entrepreneur and market analyst Mark Moss. We discuss the rare confluence of multiple societal cycles, the pendulum of individualism and collectivism, and how Bitcoin could disrupt it all.
Location: Miami Date: Tuesday 30th November Company: Swan Bitcoin Role: Director of Marketing
“History doesn’t repeat itself, but it often rhymes.” This quote, credited to Mark Twain, is a good TD;LR for The Fourth Turning: An American Prophecy by William Strauss and Neil Howe. In this seminal book, they theorize that American history can be subdivided into four recurring generational periods, which culminate in a crisis at the end of 80-90 year cycles.
It is argued that we’re in the middle of a fourth turning crisis, an era of destruction when institutions are dismantled and rebuilt. In the year since I first spoke to Brandon Quittem about The Fourth Turning, economic and geopolitical events have further fuelled this belief.
US global hegemony is waning, concern is growing that factional tensions in the US could escalate, there is increasing grass-root tension across the world countries over state-mandated pandemic controls. In the meantime, as economic indicators flash red, trust in politicians and central bankers is rapidly eroding.
So are we witnessing the evolution of the fourth turning amidst the rise of Bitcoin?
In this interview, I talk to Brandon Quittem, a writer and advisor for Swan Bitcoin. We discuss what we can learn from previous turnings, Bitcoin’s role as a life raft in these uncertain times, and whether Bitcoin could fundamentally end these cycles.
Location: Miami Date: Tuesday 30th November Company: Castle Island Ventures Role: Partner
What to some may have seemed wild conjecture last year, has now become real. A major public company and a nation state are now operating under a Bitcoin Standard. But, as the digital asset matures, so do the discussions and consideration of Bitcoin in terms of its role within society.
With growing regulatory scrutiny in the US, what are the specific regulatory risks for Bitcoin? How should we acknowledge US political support and opposition? What is Bitcoin’s role as competition to the state’s monopoly on money? How does it facilitate alternatives to sovereign currencies, and how will currency failures in a world with Bitcoin manifest themselves?
All these questions feed into the fundamental debate now manifesting itself within the Bitcoin community: will hyperbitcoinisation occur? Does it need to occur? Can Bitcoin successfully thrive as a societal good in tandem with Fiat currencies and central banks?
In this interview, I talk to Nic Carter, Partner at Castle Island Ventures and co-founder and Chairman of Coin Metrics. We discuss Bitcoin’s maturing role within the evolving US and global economy, and it’s role in relationship to stable coins, gold, and the US dollar.
Location: Miami Date: Monday 29th November Company: Microstrategy Role: CEO
In August 2020, MicroStrategy commenced with the bold defensive move to invest significant treasury assets in Bitcoin in response to inflationary pressures. Since then, MicroStrategy has strategically enhanced their holdings to become the largest corporate owner of Bitcoin and just last week announced an additional $414 million purchase.
The strategy has been led by CEO Michael Saylor. As a developer of enterprise software, Saylor has long espoused digital transformation. Bitcoin is part of that process, digitising the last major building blocks of the analogue society: property, energy, and money.
Whilst this first wave of corporate adoption is entrepreneurial in spirit, the advantages of corporate adoption are clear. Yet, despite a glut of Bitcoin miners maximising their Bitcoin hodling, MicroStrategy hasn't been followed by a wave of institutions following suit. Such inertia is predicated on a range of impediments that may fall away in the next few years.
In this interview, I talk to Michael Saylor, the CEO of MicroStrategy. We discuss the evolution of their Bitcoin strategy, technological disintermediation, and Bitcoin as a foundational societal technology.
Location: Remote Date: Sunday 28th November Project: tomerstrolight.medium.com Role: Writer
The modern capitalist system is based on centralised and hierarchical structures of control. Bitcoin is a divergent innovation, structured to be decentralised. Progress is made through consensus, which forgoes the need to know or trust any of the parties involved.
This can be an anathema to some people who are introduced to Bitcoin. They can not conceptualise how such a system can operate. This is partly because there has not been a great history of decentralised governance systems in modern societies.
Part of the issue may also be how people conceptualise Bitcoin. Trying to frame it around man-made systems may be a fool's errand.
Is it better to compare it to less understood yet ubiquitous biological systems, specifically the human brain?
In this interview, I talk to Bitcoin writer Tomer Strolight. We discuss how Bitcoin is analogous to the human brain, the organisation of decentralised systems, and the emergent nature of consciousness.
Location: Remote Date: Thursday 25th November Project: Hypersheet Role: Co-Founder
Comparisons between the 2017 & 2020/2021 bull markets are commonplace, and for a good reason. The 2016 halving kicked off a huge run and the first instance of wider retail getting involved in the Bitcoin market. 2020's halving was one catalyst for the current bull run. However, this time, the market participants are very different.
Michael Saylor helped change the way institutions approach bitcoin, and a slew of other companies followed in his footsteps. Then, most notably, El Salvador became the first nation-state to make Bitcoin legal tender. Mainstream bitcoin investment has been a defining event of 2021.
Further, this year has witnessed much more complex market activity: ETFs, shorting, and debt leveraged long positions. As a result, stakeholders have also had to assimilate a rapid increase in market-shifting news. This past month has been no exception, culminating in Nayib Bukele, El Salvador's president, announcing his country's 'Bitcoin Bond'.
In this interview, I talk to on-chain analyst and long-time friend of the show, Willy Woo. We discuss price forecasts, El Salvador's 'Bitcoin Bond', political attacks on Bitcoin, macro events, and comparisons to Ethereum.
Location: Remote Date: Wednesday 25th November Project: Plebnet
The benefits of the Lightning Network are clear for all to see. By taking transactions off-chain, you can settle almost instantly for a tiny fee while retaining better privacy than with an on-chain transaction.
The Lightning Network is paramount to Bitcoin's scaling, and it is growing at a rapid pace, but while the Lightning Network is thriving, for new users it can still be a daunting experience. When running a Lightning node, you need to consider things like opening and closing channels, channel size, rebalancing and liquidity.
Luckily, Plebnet is here to help. Starting out as a small group of people looking to educate and onboard Bitcoiners to Lightning, they have grown into a community of over 5,000 members and over 1,100 nodes.
In this interview, I talk to American HODL, P, and D++. We discuss the importance of the Lightning Network, the challenges of onboarding people and the growth of Plebnet.
Location: Remote Date: Monday 22nd November Project: lynalden.com Role: Macroeconomist
In the last month alone, Bitcoin has hit all-time high prices, Bitcoin on exchanges has hit multi-year lows, and El Salvador announced a $1 billion Bitcoin bond to fund the development of a Bitcoin city.
At the same time, economic signals have started to flash red. Inflation is on the rise: it's hit 6.2% in the US and is rising at the fastest rate in decades. Traditionally strong bond markets are under pressure and currencies in some parts of the world show signs of distress. The dichotomy is that whilst some search for safe havens, with the lack of a positive yielding bond market, many are looking to riskier assets.
The economic conditions for bitcoin to become a recognised international gold-like reserve asset are upon us. The scope and scale of bitcoin adoption suggest that major players are literally buying into this narrative.
In this interview, I talk to macroeconomist and investment strategist Lyn Alden. We discuss the lack of yield in bond markets, El Salvador's bitcoin bonds, inflation and the direction and role of the Fed.
Location: London Date: Friday 19th November Project: Compass Mining Role: Founder & CEO
Proof of Work is the bedrock of Bitcoin. It provides the network security but is not immune to attack. One attack vector is a collusion of miners who gain a significant amount of the hashrate could theoretically block transactions and reorganise the blockchain. This is known as a 51% attack.
While this is known as a 51% attack, it would likely require significantly more than 51% of hashpower to pull off this attack. However, in 2014 GHash.io were able to attain 55% of the hashrate, but fortunately, they were willing to assist the community in overcoming this potential weakness.
For a number of years, China housed a large amount of the hashpower, but their seemingly reckless geopolitical decision to willingly allow for ‘the great mining migration’ to occur earlier this year, saved the community from another dangerous consolidation of mining power.
Compass Mining recognised this fragility, but also a business opportunity in being able to become a recognised and trusted facilitator of retail mining, with the mission to “support the decentralised growth of hashrate and strengthen network security by helping more people, learn, explore and mine bitcoin.” To that end, they provide and support retail access to mining infrastructure while hardware ownership remains in the hands of individuals.
In this interview, I talk to the Founder and CEO of Compass Mining, Whit Gibbs, about their rapid success, the associated growing pains they’re overcoming, and the technical details of connecting retail mining with physical hardware and power markets.
Location: Remotely Date: Tuesday 16th November Project: Human Rights Foundation & ShapeShift Role: Chief Strategy Officer & CEO, Founder
The schism between Bitcoin maximalists, and those who champion altcoins, is a feature of the ecosystem. The arguments are well worn. However, the history of the debate has largely been regarded as toxic.
Maximalists tend to believe that, at best, ‘altcoins’ are inferior iterations of Bitcoin that involve a compromise, usually greater centralization in favour of larger transaction capacity. The compounding issue is that the majority of these tokens are scams, efforts to rug pull ignorant retail investors. Either way, altcoins are neither aligned to, nor on a trajectory to align with, Bitcoin.
Altcoin advocates point to the rapid innovation happening in the space, where the TradFi is being disrupted in real-time. This is whilst the promise of Bitcoin being a foundational layer for DeFi remains just that, a promise.
In this interview, I discuss the ideological differences between Bitcoin and altcoins with Erik Voorhees & Alex Gladstein. We discuss the importance of Bitcoin, monetary policies, the political science of blockchains, and consensus & coercion.
Location: London Date: Tuesday 9th November Project: Bitcoin Magazine Role: Print Editor-In-Chief
When I first visited El Salvador, towards the end of 2019, Michael Petersen was in the early stages of implementing his vision of a local bitcoin economy in the coastal village of El Zonte. What started as a small-scale experiment has become a transformative initiative and a key driver in the country's adoption of Bitcoin as legal tender.
On 7th June 2021, El Salvador passed the Bitcoin Law, with an ambitious plan to replicate El Zonte nationwide and make Bitcoin a central part of El Salvador’s economy. Nayib Bukele, the Salvadoran President, mandated an ambitious 3-month deadline to implement the Law. And, despite the complete lack of both public and private infrastructure, on 7th September 2021, El Salvador became the first country in the world to make Bitcoin legal tender.
In this interview, I talk to journalist and Print Editor-In-Chief at Bitcoin Magazine, Aaron Van Wirdum. We discuss the implementation of the Bitcoin law, what has changed in El Salvador and which nation-states might follow in their footsteps.
Location: Remotely Date: Thursday 11th November Project: anitaposch.com Role: Author, Podcaster, Educator
It’s easy to forget that those who have acquired Bitcoin are still early adopters, with the enthusiasm and courage to have found the appropriate resources needed to investigate this still nascent and mysterious creation.
However, the key to the next wave of Bitcoin adoption, encompassing a wider cross section of society, is education specifically tailored to the needs of later adopters. For these people Bitcoin is surrounded in myths and impenetrable concepts.
This is precisely the goal of Anita Posch’s new book (L)earn Bitcoin. It provides both the why, and the how, and is written for those to whom Bitcoin is a vague alien technology. Most importantly, the book provides guidance on how to take those initial steps to build confidence, and critically, safely buy and store bitcoin.
Anita is also well known for being a leading Bitcoin educator in parts of the world for which sovereign wealth is literally life changing. In particular, Anita has travelled throughout Africa, teaching people with limited resources how to acquire and use Bitcoin. She is particularly focused on supporting vulnerable groups of women around the world for whom denial of sovereign wealth is culturally or even legally condoned.
In this interview I talk to fellow Bitcoin podcaster, author, advocate, and educator Anita Posch. Anita explains how Bitcoin provides emancipation from financial patriarchy at both the individual level and nation state level. We also talked about Anita’s educational work in Africa, the importance of building bridges and trust with communities in developing nations.
Location: New York Date: Friday 29th October Project: loomered.com
This year’s Bitcoin 2021 conference was the biggest event in Bitcoin’s history, with over 12,000 people coming together in Miami.
I was there to host one of the most hotly anticipated events called ‘Banking the Unbanked’ which saw my friend Alex Gladstein interview Twitter CEO Jack Dorsey. Jack didn't disappoint when he began by stating “Bitcoin changes everything… I don't think there's anything more important to work on in my lifetime.”
Yet, the session is perhaps best known for the fact that activist Laura Loomer came to the stage and heckled Jack. Laura wanted a conversation with Jack about censorship, in light of the fact she has been banned from Twitter (amongst other platforms and services such as Facebook, Uber and PayPal).
She was encouraged to leave, but before she did I promised to hear her out at a more appropriate time, so here we are.
Whatever you think of Laura, ‘deplatforming’ is one of the most contentious issues in society today. It cuts to the heart of the debate around free speech and American’s first amendment rights. Should we have limits on speech?
Or is ‘hate speech’ misapplied to muzzle acceptable discourse? Who decides on what is acceptable or not? And can private organisations remove voices from their platforms when they have become the world’s town square?
Laura has tested these arguments in the courts by suing Twitter, Apple, Facebook, and Twitter.
In this interview I talk to far-right political activist Laura Loomer. We discuss racism and religious discrimination, debanking and deplatforming, and the limits of free speech.
Location: New York Date: Friday 29th October Project: Forward Party Role: Leader
Nearly two-thirds of Americans want to vote for someone outside of the current two main parties. The current duopoly is limiting competition in the space for ideas, and worse, it’s actively promoting the polarisation of society. Yet, voting for a third-party candidate isn’t a choice most voters get, and even when they do, it risks being deemed a wasted vote by a media that frames election results as an existential risk to the nation.
The underlying concern is that the current political system is getting in the way of solving the biggest problems at a time when the economy and society is changing in fundamental ways. But whilst most people can see that our politics and media are dysfunctional, they also feel impotent.
Andrew Yang is one of those rare individuals who has decided to actively try and change the system, despite the odds being stacked against change being driven by an outsider. However, he’s already shown he can do the heavy lifting: he made a meaningful mark on the 2020 Presidential election despite not being part of the political establishment or having had a celebrity platform.
In this interview, I talk to Andrew, author of ‘The War on Normal People’ (2018), ‘Forward’ (2021), and leader of the Forward Party, about his 2020 Presidential run and his current mission to bring about genuine political competition. We then discuss what such competition would enable: reasoned debate about big ideas such as Universal Basic Income, health reform, and Bitcoin.
Location: Los Angeles Date: Sunday 17th October Company: Freelance Role: Writer
The internet democratised the dissemination of information. From news to social discourse, anyone with access to the internet can broadcast their thoughts to the world.
With the growth of the internet and social media, the news business model entirely shifted. No longer could newspapers rely on physical sales. Instead, ad revenue and clicks became the meaningful metric.
Social media and clickbait articles, along with partisan organisations, have created a massively polarising media landscape. The news is now more politicised than ever.
This has led to social media becoming a feed of unverified news, and tech companies have taken it upon themselves to curate that news and decide what you should and shouldn't see.
In this interview, I talk to freelance writer Katherine Brodsky. We discuss free speech and censorship, the politicisation of news and the problems with banning misinformation.
Location: New York Date: Wednesday 27th October Company: Kraken & Bitcoin Magazine Role: Editor
The role of Bitcoin maximalism is a hugely divisive topic. As a decentralised network, Bitcoin has no leaders or spokespeople to counter false information or fend off an attack.
In the absence of leaders, bitcoiners from all over have become an important immune system for the network. They protect the protocol from bad actors, false narratives and prevent anyone from gaining too much influence over the network.
This has proved highly effective and has been key throughout the history of Bitcoin. Most notably during the scaling wars that culminated in 2017.
However, for all the good toxic maximalism has done, it can, at times, go too far. But in a world headed to hyperbitcoinisation, is Bitcoin maximalism an important ethical stand to take?
In this interview, I talk to Pete Rizzo, the Editor at Kraken & Bitcoin Magazine. We discuss the ethics of bitcoin maximalism, its role in protecting bitcoin, and the path to hyperbitcoinisation.
Location: New York Date: Wednesday 27th October Company: Equity Management Associates Role: Investment Manager
Bitcoin is decentralised sound money whose supply cannot be arbitrarily expanded. It’s a system where no one has an advantage or disproportionate control.
The ability to increase the supply of money is a very powerful tool to wield. Through monetary policy, orthodox economists aim to promote growth and mitigate crises.
However, the Austrian school of economics explains instead that central banks create the environment for crises in the first place.
In the Great Financial Crisis, trillions of dollars were printed to bail out failing banking institutions and stimulate the economy. Instead of repercussions, many bankers received millions in bonuses. While credit markets rebounded, many average Americans lost their homes, their jobs and received no bailouts.
So can Bitcoin help by aligning incentives in society? And what will happen to gold?
In this interview, I talk to Investment Manager and Austrian Economist Lawrence Lepard. We discuss sound money as a moral issue, the monetary role of gold, and why bitcoin is the most important invention in history.
Location: Remotely Date: Wednesday 20th October Project: Human Rights Foundation, American Security Project Role: Chief Strategy Officer, Adjunct Senior Fellow
Palestine is a country ravaged by 4 wars in 15 years. However, military conflict is only part of the economic challenges the country faces. There is monetary warfare being waged against its citizens.
Crucial services that people in most developing countries take for granted, like simply transferring money, are almost impossible. It’s exacerbated by economic policies that have left Palestinians dependent on the outside world.
Can Bitcoin allow the people to peacefully fight back against arduous barriers and capital controls?
In this interview, I talk to Alex Gladstein and Fadi Elsalameen. We discuss declining economic conditions in Palestine, the underlying monetary problems, and how Bitcoin can help.
Location: Remotely Date: Thursday 28th October Company: Hypersheet Role: Co-Founder
In June, with the Bitcoin price in the low $30 thousands following a 50% drop, a number of technical analysts believed the top was in and that we were entering another prolonged bear market. However, the on-chain data told a different story and Willy Woo, amongst others, believed the bull market was still alive.
The past few months have proved the case for the on-chain analysts. In October alone, the price of Bitcoin is up over 40%, and on the 20th, it broke over $66k, a new all-time high.
The launch of the first US Bitcoin futures ETFs was a significant driver of this price rally, with futures ETFs facilitating access to deep pools of capital liquidity and risk-neutral trades.
How will this impact the market, and what can we expect from phase 2 of the bull run?
In this interview, I talk to an on-chain analyst and the co-founder of Hypersheet, Willy Woo. We discuss the impact of Bitcoin ETFs, the next stage of the bull market and the role of toxic maximalism.
Location: Remotely Date: Monday 25th October Company: lynalden.com Role: Macroeconomist
Over the last 18 months, Bitcoin has had an astronomical rise, not just in price. It has gone from a niche asset driven by retail to being held on the balance sheet of some of the most forward-thinking corporations in the world. Not only that, El Salvador's groundbreaking legislation made Bitcoin legal tender.
During this time, the fiat currency experiment looks to be coming apart at the seams. Over the last 18 months, more than $5 trillion dollars have been created in the US alone. This increasing supply of money is driving prices higher. CPI in the US is now at 5.4%, and while the FED continues to claim inflation will be transitory, this looks highly doubtful.
How high will inflation go, and is bitcoin truly a hedge?
In this interview, I talk to macroeconomist and investment strategist Lyn Alden. We discuss the rising commodities markets, if we are likely to see wide-scale hyperinflation and the pros & cons of Bitcoin futures ETFs.
Location: Los Angeles Date: Sunday 17th October Company: Luxor Technologies Role: CEO
Proof-of-work mining is at the heart of the bitcoin network consensus, ordering transactions into blocks and providing security. Without a healthy mining ecosystem, the Bitcoin network is vulnerable.
Earlier this year, China banned Bitcoin mining within the country. At that time, over 50% of the hashrate was said to be located in China. What followed was a huge drop in the hashrate as miners migrated out of the country.
While, on the face of it, this could be seen as a negative, the outcome was a more decentralised hashrate and a smaller concentration of miners operating within an authoritarian country.
In addition, stressed economic conditions have led to increasing uncertainty in the supply chains surrounding the fabrication of new ASIC mining equipment.
So what is the state of the Bitcoin mining industry today?
In this interview, I talk to Nick Hansen, CEO of Luxor Technologies. We discuss the resilience of the bitcoin network, mining pools and the global economics of ASIC supply chains.
Location: Los Angeles Date: Sunday 17th October Role: Teacher & Congressional Candidate
Aarika Rhodes is an elementary school science teacher who is running for CA 30th Congressional District in 2022 for the Democratic Party. She is up against the anti-bitcoin and 12 term veteran Brad Sherman.
Unlike Sherman, Aarika is pro-bitcoin whilst also remaining a proponent for more left-wing policies like universal basic income.
While some believe that Bitcoin's conservative monetary policy leads to it being a more right-wing idea, Aarika is proving that it is an apolitical tool that does not discriminate.
Bitcoin is not going away, and those that embrace it early will be the ones who benefit the most, no matter which side of the political aisle they fall on.
In this interview, I talk to Democratic congressional candidate Aarika Rhodes. We discuss financial literacy and education, universal basic income, and broken incentives in our political system.
Location: Remotely Date: Monday 18th October Project: Charity: Water Role: Founder & CEO
Non-profit organisations have used Bitcoin to accept donations for a long time. One of the most notable examples of this was Wikileaks in 2011. When Paypal, Mastercard and Visa, refused to accept donations due to political pressure, Wikileaks looked to Bitcoin as a permissionless and censorship-resistant alternative.
Not only did this allow them to continue accepting donations, but they gained immensely from Bitcoin's astronomical price rise since then.
Charity: Water is a charity battling the global water crisis with the mission to bring clean water to every person living without it. They have accepted Bitcoin donations since 2014, but until now, they have almost instantly converted to fiat currencies, missing out on the price appreciation.
However, they have now set up a Bitcoin trust with the goal of collecting as many Bitcoin donations as possible. Ideally, this allows the trust to appreciate in value and in 2025, when they start putting the Bitcoin to work; they can hopefully help a much larger number of people.
In this interview, I talk to the Founder and CEO of Charity: Water, Scott Harrison. We discuss his journey from nightclub promoter to founding the charity, their goal to bring clean water to every person living without it, and the role Bitcoin plays in this.
Location: Austin Date: Thursday 7th October Project: From Bars to Bitcoin Role: Author
The power of a permissionless network means that people are able to participate from all walks of life by removing the ability for any individual to control your money. From billionaires on Wall Street, to street vendors in El Salvador, it is the fairest money the world has ever known. Bitcoin is for anyone.
The path to bitcoin is different for everyone. While many of the early bitcoiners found it through libertarianism, now most come to Bitcoin, at least initially, to speculate. Justin Rhedrick's story, however, is not like most.
After being released from prison for his role in a home invasion, longtime friend and author of Bitcoin & Black America, Isaiah Jackson, introduced Justin to Bitcoin.
So how did he go from prisoner to bitcoiner?
In this interview, I talk to Justin Rhedrick, the author of From Bars to Bitcoin. We discuss his imprisonment, the power of discipline, and how bitcoin helped him unlock success.
Location: Nashville Date: Wednesday 29th September Company: Valkyrie Investments Inc Role: Co-Founder
Mainstream economists consider a benchmark rate of 1-3% price inflation optimal to promote consumption and economic growth. However, as prices rise, savers lose purchasing power, and asset holders increase their net worth.
Over the last 18 months, more than $5 trillion dollars have been created in the US alone, and legislation that would spend over $3 trillion more is under consideration. This increasing supply of money is driving prices higher.
Today, Consumer Price Inflation has sustained a 30-year high of over 5%, and it may be threatening to go higher.
So what happens next, and how does Bitcoin fit in?
In this interview I talk to Steven McClurg, Co-Founder of Valkyrie Investments. We discuss the problems of rising inflation, fragility in equities and bonds, and if Bitcoin can serve as a hedge.
Location: Austin, TX Date: Thursday 7th October Company: Forbes Role: Editor
In 1971, Richard Nixon ended Bretton Woods, severing the entire global monetary system from its anchor, gold. Governments around the world have since been able to create new money and increase debt virtually without restriction.
Fifty years later, and there’s no political will to slow down spending. Instead, new money is created to pay for new spending, and the numbers involved get larger and larger.
Governments can issue new currency to service their own debt, but the cycle of increasing deficit spending and monetary inflation may already be leading to spiralling debt and runaway prices with no obvious way out.
In this interview, I talk to Avik Roy, Editor at Forbes. We discuss the growing problems with debt and inflation, healthcare, and central bank digital currencies.
Location: Austin, TX Date: Friday 8th October Company: Independent, Multicoin Capital Role: Independent, General Counsel and Chief Compliance Officer
In August, a bipartisan group of 69 senators passed a $1 trillion infrastructure package, including around $550 billion projected federal spending on roads, bridges, expanded broadband access and more.
While this may seem irrelevant to Bitcoin, this 2000+ page document outlined how the government plans to fund the bill. Under the 'Other Provisions' section, the bill focused on the reporting requirement for "brokers" of digital assets and their definition. These reporting requirements are designed to extract a tax from users who misreport or underreport their taxes.
This bill section caused a considerable backlash from bitcoiners as the proposed language is extensive and seems almost impossible to comply with.
While bitcoiners were up in arms about the broker definition, lawyer Abe Sutherland says that the bill contains an overlooked "digital assets" provision that could become a far bigger issue, affecting almost every bitcoin user if it becomes law.
In this interview, I talk to independent lawyer Abe Sutherland and Greg Xethalis, General Counsel and Chief Compliance Officer at Multicoin Capital, to discuss the onerous new reporting requirements hidden within the Infrastructure Bill.
Location: Nashville, TN Date: Thursday 30th September Company/project: The Investors Podcast & Great American Mining & TFTC Role: Host & Director of Business Development & Host
2021 has been a year of significant disruption. Trillions in deficit spending are ongoing. Many countries are experiencing the highest consumer inflation seen in decades, while assets and commodities prices have soared at a phenomenal rate.
Meanwhile, China kicked half of Bitcoin’s hashrate offline by instituting a country-wide ban on mining. However, the Bitcoin network has demonstrated its antifragility as thousands of ASIC machines migrate to other countries and come back online.
While many Bitcoin naysayers have lambasted the energy use of Bitcoin’s mining industry as being environmentally unfriendly, mining is driving more efficient use of low-cost, renewable, and otherwise wasted energy sources.
In a world that is full of distortions, is Bitcoin the answer to society’s problems?
In this live interview, I talk to Preston Pysh, the host of The Investor Podcast, and Marty Bent from Tales From the Crypt and Great American Mining. We discuss rising inflation, why bitcoin mining is good for global energy use, and why bitcoin is this answer to many problems.
Location: New York Date: Monday 20th September Company: XBTO Humla Ventures Role: Managing Partner
For millennia, technology has shaped society, and sometimes in giant leaps. Whether it’s the invention of gunpowder or connecting our world with the internet, the result is civilisational transformation.
Today, Bitcoin is still a nascent technology, yet it may already be a revolution of value in the digital age. Multiple industries that comprise tens of trillions of dollars may be on the precipice of massive disruption.
So how will this financial transformation play out?
In this interview, I talk to Greg Carson, a Managing Partner at XBTO Humla Ventures. We discuss how technology can reshape society, $20 trillion market disruptions, and Bitcoin’s inevitable design.
Location: Remotely Date: Wednesday 29th September Company/project: Independent, Independent, Human Rights Foundation & Baillie Gifford Role: N/A, N/A, Chief Strategy Officer & Investment Manager
The narrative around altcoins is constantly changing. However, one thing that remains consistent is that they almost always promise to 'improve upon Bitcoin' in one way or another. More often than not, this is improved layer one scalability, lower transaction costs or enhanced programmability.
While many of these projects can offer faster and cheaper throughput and smart contracts, they come at the cost of the most fundamentally important aspects of Bitcoin; security, decentralisation and censorship resistance.
Bitcoin maximalists often cite these reasons as to why all projects outside of Bitcoin are doomed to fail, but the market seems to think differently. Over short time frames, many of these altcoins can outperform Bitcoin and the opportunity to make quick gains draws in large amounts of retail investment regardless of premines, lack of product-market fit or whether a project is, in fact, meaningfully decentralised or not.
Bitcoin is designed to be the hardest money the world has ever known and to demonetise the state. To achieve this, it moves slowly, protecting its core principles at all costs. In stark contrast to this, Altcoins operate on a model similar to Silicon Valley, move fast and break things.
With growing concerns over a state-level regulatory crackdown on 'crypto', decentralisation is paramount. Bitcoin's decentralisation means it can survive almost any attack, but could altcoins survive without being meaningfully decentralised?
In this interview, I talk to Allen Farrington, Crypto Cobain, Udi Wertheimer, and Alex Gladstein. We discuss tokens and securities, scalability vs decentralisation, nation-state resistance, and building on Bitcoin.
Location: New York Date: Sunday 19th September Project: Ethereum Role: Core Developer
Ethereum was created to build upon Bitcoin's innovations and offer more functionality, and in 2015, Ethereum developers launched an ICO selling millions of ETH tokens, at the time worth over $18 million.
Some of those funds, now worth nearly $1 billion, went to the Ethereum Foundation, which oversees the ongoing development and promotion of the Ethereum project. The foundation is a central entity that issues grants for relevant projects and employs core developers to work on the protocol.
While the Ethereum ecosystem is thriving, questions remain about the technical roadmap, scalability, decentralisation of the network, and governance of the project itself.
From changes in supply schedule and frequent hard forks, Ethereum governance is in stark contrast to the conservative, slow-moving and consistent nature of Bitcoin.
So will the Ethereum project overcome the hurdles that lie ahead? Or is it doomed to fail?
In this interview, I talk to Ethereum Core Developer Lane Rettig. We discuss the Ethereum foundation, why Lane quit, ethics, hypocrisy, decentralisation vs scalability, and building better institutions.
Location: Remotely Date: Thursday 23rd September Company: Hypersheet Role: Co-Founder
Bitcoin's controlled supply schedule and the four-year halving has, historically, led to predictable and cyclical price action with huge bull runs and brutal bear markets.
Throughout the 2020/2021 bull market, people have been trying to predict bitcoin's price by comparing it to the 2013 'double pump' and 2017's parabolic top. However, this time the market is different.
With large corporations now acquiring Bitcoin for their treasuries, a nation-state adopting Bitcoin as legal tender and an ETF, in the United States, likely just around the corner, could it be the end of the four-year cycle?
In this interview, I talk to an on-chain analyst and the co-founder of Hypersheet, Willy Woo. We discuss whether Bitcoin is maturing, platforms vs protocols, decentralisation, and freedom.
Location: Remotely Date: Thursday 23rd September Company: Validus Power Corp, Swan Bitcoin Role: Bitcoin Strategist, Head of Institutional Investment
Over the last week, markets worldwide were hit hard as fears continue to grow over the liquidity of Chinese property behemoth Evergrande. The S&P, Dow Jones and Nasdaq all suffered their worst days in months.
Evergrande is China's second-largest and the world's most indebted real estate developer. It expanded rapidly by borrowing more than $300 billion. however, when new rules were introduced to control the amount owed by big large estate developers, Evergrande was forced to sell properties at a significant discount and is now struggling to pay its debts.
In 2008, the Great Financial Crisis began with an insolvent institution which precipitated a credit panic across the global banking system. When markets are saturated with debt, a single event can turn into a contagion.
Will Evergrande spark another financial meltdown, or will it prove to be too big to fail?
In this interview, I talk to the Head of Institutional Investment at Swan Bitcoin and Bitcoin Strategist Greg Foss. We discuss the Evergrande insolvency, whether a debt crisis is looming, and why Bitcoin is the perfect hedge.
Location: Remotely Date: Thursday 23rd September Company: Strike Role: CEO
For the past few decades, fintech companies have launched many proprietary payment systems for digital payments, leading to competing standards that have left markets disconnected and bifurcated.
Bitcoin is a new open monetary system, and the Lightning Network introduces instant cash-like digital finality. Any platform or company can now plug into a global interoperable financial network that operates at the speed of light.
Twitter has become the first social network to integrate Bitcoin as its native currency. So what will this mean for social media and content creators?
In this interview, I talk to Jack Mallers, CEO of Strike. We discuss the launch of the Strike API, integrating Bitcoin with Twitter, and the accelerating network effects of Lightning.
Location: New York Date: Sunday 19th September Company: Griid Infrastructure Role: VP of Strategy
Bitcoin mining requires energy expenditure as a fundamental pillar of the proof-of-work consensus mechanism. While bitcoin is considered energy-intensive by some, it is often misreported in the media, overlooking its importance and the positive benefits for humanity of having sound money.
Similarly, while some criticise bitcoin mining as wasteful, there is ignorance regarding how mining companies are improving communities, the efficiency of the energy grid, and even the impact of energy use itself.
So how is bitcoin mining a driving force for beneficial change?
In this interview, I talk to Harry Sudock, Vice President of Strategy at Griid. We discuss how bitcoin mining works, mining as a force for good globally, and demonetising the political class.
Location: New York Date: Friday 17th September Role: Programmer & Data Scientist
Since the early 1970s, society has seen an explosion of progress in the digital world. As per Moore's law, we've seen increasing computing power at decreasing costs, but at the same time, there has been a stagnation of progress in physical sciences and related technologies.
This stagnation has caused problems for institutions and economic systems built around a paradigm of embedded growth.
So what has caused this great stagnation? And can Bitcoin fix it?
In this interview, I talk to programmer & data scientist Rob Hamilton. We discuss the embedded growth problem, stagnation leading to violence, and how bitcoin realigns natural progress.
Location: New York Date: Monday 13th September Role: Businessman & TV Personality
Fundamental changes are emerging in the way capital is being allocated across many industries. Environmental policies are materialising not from lawmakers but from mandates that originate within companies and institutions.
Trillions of dollars of institutional funds are beginning to see the potential of bitcoin in portfolio construction; however, only if concerns over the environmental impact of bitcoin mining can be overcome.
But is respecting investment mandates a path to centralise the mining industry? Or will environmental compliance drive Bitcoin adoption another order of magnitude higher?
In this interview, I talk to businessman and TV Personality Kevin O’Leary. We discuss institutional bitcoin allocation, ESG compliance, and the changing economic landscape.
Location: Remotely Date: Tuesday 7th September Project: Mauldin Economics Role: Analyst, Author
In Ray Dalio’s excellent video How The Economic Machine Works, he explains the concept of long-term debt cycles. This framework can shed light on where we have been economically, and where we might be going.
With debt and spending soaring, and no sign of austerity, we may be approaching the conclusion of a long-term debt cycle. Whether you call it a cycle, or a “reset,” in the end it means there may be some kind of great restructuring.
The only thing that seems to be clear, is what we are doing today is not sustainable.
So how can we get to the other side? And what do we have to be optimistic about?
In this interview I talk to author and economic analyst John Mauldin. We discuss current labor shortages, crises and antifragility, and the looming global debt problem.
Location: Remotely Date: Friday 3rd September Company: Euro Pacific Asset Management & Validus Power Corp Role: CEO and Chief Global Strategist & Bitcoin Strategist
Gold has been used as money for thousands of years, but once the US severed all remaining ties with the Gold Standard in 1971 and moved to our current fiat system, gold's use case shifted. Gold has become a safe haven, store of value, and insurance against what many gold bugs consider a broken fiat monetary system.
Bitcoin is considered by many to be digital gold but is only 12 years old. Still, in that time, it has grown into a near trillion-dollar asset and is also a store of value but is decentralised and censorship-resistant. Many bitcoiners believe it is just a matter of time until bitcoin replaces gold as the world's primary store of value.
Gold and bitcoin have some obvious similarities. They are both scarce assets and stores of value that offer an opt-out of government-issued fiat currencies.
Likewise, gold bugs and bitcoiners share a similar mindset in their belief that the current fiat system is broken and we need a sound money alternative.
For some, though, it isn't gold and bitcoin; it's gold vs bitcoin. Peter Schiff is firmly in this camp, and since 2012, he has regularly derided bitcoin, claiming that it has no intrinsic value and is eventually heading to zero.
In this interview, I host a debate between gold bug Peter Schiff and Bitcoin Strategist Greg Foss. We discuss the value of bitcoin & gold, risk management & portfolio allocations and how bitcoin is helping oppressed people around the world.
Location: Remotely Date: Sunday 29th August Company: Blockstream Role: Co-Founder/CEO, CSO
In 2017, thousands of ICOs flooded crypto markets. There was a lot of excitement around ICOs at the time, but they turned out to be largely scams and cash grabs, with most likely being illegal securities offerings.
Blockstream is changing that by bringing to market regulated securities in tokenised form, and it's all being built on Bitcoin using the Liquid Network, creating some exciting new possibilities for capital allocation.
Liquid is a federated sidechain built on top of Bitcoin, allowing assets like securities and NFTs to be issued and traded quickly, cheaply, and confidentially.
So what is the potential for NFTs and tokenised securities built on Bitcoin layers?
In this interview, I talk to Adam Back and Samson Mow, Blockstream's CEO & Chief Strategy Officer. We discuss the future of tokenised securities, practical NFT use cases, and decentralising hashpower ownership.
Location: Remotely Date: Tuesday 31st August Company: Swan Bitcoin Role: Co-founder & CTO
It has been nearly 13 years since Satoshi released the Bitcoin whitepaper. In that time, Bitcoin has overcome significant hurdles, going from an experimental attempt at digital money to a trillion-dollar asset.
Bitcoin is the hardest money the world has ever known.
In the early days, bitcoiners were mostly cypherpunks and libertarians, but now almost everyone has at least heard of bitcoin; corporations have begun holding bitcoin on their balance sheets and on September 7th, bitcoin becomes legal tender for the first time.
Widescale mass adoption has never been closer, but much growth is still required, especially in the ease of onboarding, user experience, and education.
In this interview, I talk to Yan Pritzker, co-founder and CTO of Swan Bitcoin. We discuss his family fleeing socialism, onboarding 10 million bitcoiners, and building for global bitcoin adoption.
Location: Remotely Date: Sunday August 29th Project: lynalden.com Role: Macroeconomist
Bitcoin is still a relatively new technology with many adversaries and existential threats. And risk assessment is a crucial component of any sound investment strategy.
While naysayers often cite long-refuted misunderstandings, not all threats are negligible. From regulatory action to protocol risk, there are many things to consider.
So what is a real threat, and what is FUD?
In this interview, I talk to Lyn Alden, a macroeconomist and investment strategist. We discuss potential long-term risks to bitcoin, mitigation, and bitcoin vs other technology.
Location: Dallas, TX Date: Thursday 26th August Company: The Stephan Livera Podcast and Swan International Role: Host and Managing Director
Libertarian philosophy centres around non-aggression and defence of property rights as a foundation for organizing society. The idea that no one should take from others seems logical to most people, but it's often hard to imagine society absent of the state.
Even amongst libertarians, there is disagreement whether to have a small government or no state at all. However, most libertarians agree that simply reducing the size of the government is an attainable step towards a better future.
So what tradeoffs would we make with less or no government, and will Bitcoin help usher in such change?
In this interview, I talk to Bitcoin Educator and MD of Swan International Stephan Livera. We discuss the foundations of libertarianism, the state's creeping growth, and how Bitcoin will keep it in check.
Location: Houston, TX Date: Thursday 25th August Company: Unchained Capital Role: Head of Business Development
In times of economic crisis, central banks have the power to step in and attempt to aid recovery by ‘printing’ dollars. When injected into the commercial banking system, these new dollars prevent an economic slowdown.
While this may sound like a favourable alternative to an economic slowdown and businesses failing, it is not without consequences.
Since the COVID-19 pandemic began, the U.S government has printed money at an accelerating pace, with analysts claiming that this is driving inflation.
In our economy, the central banks hold the ultimate power. They decide when they print money and how much. Bitcoin is different. With its fixed supply and controlled issuance, everyone on the network knows how many bitcoins are in circulation and the future issuance. It is the most inclusive and transparent monetary network ever to exist and the antithesis of central banking.
In this interview, I talk to Parker Lewis, Head of Business Development at Unchained Capital. We discuss the fraying of the fabric of society, money printing and the wealth gap and why politics are ineffectual.
Location: Remotely Date: Thursday 26th August Company: Hypersheet Role: Co-Founder
Bitcoin’s price had been trending lower for most of the summer, but after bottoming out just below $30k, it went on a run-up to $50k.
Despite the market moves, there have been plenty of other signals that indicate bitcoin might break its four-year cycle.
On-chain metrics indicate that this recent upward trend might be a warm-up for what’s to come. Long-term holders are accumulating, rumours of a Bitcoin ETF coming to the US are swirling, and it could all converge on a massive supply shock.
In this interview, I talk to on-chain analyst and the co-founder of Hypersheet, Willy Woo. We discuss traditional payment rails, making Bitcoin content, the recent price run and the evolving bitcoin cycle.
Location: Remotely Date: Wednesday 21st July Role: Author, Student
Bitcoin can take a lot of time to understand, but the core foundations of sound money are relatively straightforward.
For adults, learning about bitcoin often means unlearning the status quo. Understanding bitcoin challenges what we take for granted about the existing monetary system.
While older generations may struggle with bitcoin being digital-only, a digital world is all that young people have ever known. Growing up with computers, the internet, and video game currencies makes understanding a purely digital decentralized monetary network a much easier task.
So what do kids think of Bitcoin? And how can we teach the next generation?
In this interview, I talk to author Michael Caras and student Violet Mauceri. We discuss how digital natives understand bitcoin, the properties of sound money, Bitcoin and Judaism.
Location: Remotely Date: Thursday 6th August Role: N/A, Angel Investor, Author & Entrepreneur
Most Bitcoiners are staunch believers in the technology's potential to facilitate a more honest, fair and prosperous future.
Bitcoin emerged from the unifying values of crypto-liberty, but as its appeal grows, so does the diversity of the beliefs surrounding it.
It wouldn't be possible or beneficial for Bitcoin's ideology to become homogenised, but certain values need to be upheld, and a balance must be found in rejecting bad ideas while welcoming new ones.
But if the ultimate goal is to bring Bitcoin to the entire world, how can a leaderless movement bring that to fruition?
In this interview, I talk to American HODL and Angel Investor and Author Jason Williams. We discuss the negatives of cancel culture, asset inflation, buying Lambos and how bitcoiners can manifest the future.
Location: Remotely Date: Wednesday 4th August Company: Kraken Role: Growth Lead
El Salvador made history by becoming the first country to embrace Bitcoin as legal tender. This bold step to adopt Bitcoin empowers Salvadorians and utilises the network's powerful technology to build a better financial future for the country.
While nation-states adopting Bitcoin has been talked about for a long time amongst bitcoiners, El Salvador found itself in a unique position. The country is a dollarised nation with an incredibly popular leader. As such, President Nayib Bukele passed the Bitcoin Law with ease, but the hard part is still to come.
On September 7th, all eyes will be on El Salvador. So will this bold move be a catalyst for prosperity? And will other nations follow suit?
In this interview, I talk to Dan Held, the Growth Lead at Kraken. We discuss hyperbitcoinisation, El Salvador adopting Bitcoin, living on a personal Bitcoin standard and the regulatory game theory of Bitcoin adoption.
Location: Remotely Date: Wednesday 4th August Role: Author
Hyperbitcoinisation is a belief that the current fiat monetary system is broken and a change is inevitable. Eventually, the hardest form of money will rise to the top and society will then adopt a Bitcoin standard, with Bitcoin as the world's dominant form of money and the base asset of the entire financial system.
While to some this might sound extreme, in just 12 years, Bitcoin has become a $900bn asset class, and El Salvador has recently become the first country to adopt it as legal tender. Meanwhile, fiat currencies are being debased at an unprecedented rate, and higher levels of inflation are flashing warning signals.
So what does the road to hyperbitcoinisation look like? And how does it impact society?
In this interview, I talk to bitcoin author Knut Svanholm. We discuss the road to hyperbitcoinisation and its impact on society, whether everything other than Bitcoin is a scam and why bitcoin's value always grows.
Location: Remotely Date: Friday 6th August Company: Independent & Commodity Discovery Fund Role: Bitcoin Quant Analyst & Chairman
In early 2019, PlanB released his now widely regarded Stock-to-Flow model (S2F). This model was built around the four-year halving cycle and is a way to track the scarcity of an asset.
At current levels of issuance, Bitcoin has a stock-to-flow of 50, meaning it would take 50 years for miners to mine enough Bitcoin to match the current Bitcoin supply. When applied to non-digital assets such as gold and silver, stock-to-flow becomes a benchmarking tool. Gold, for example, has a stock to flow number of ~58, slightly higher than Bitcoin.
While the Stock-to-Flow model is an incredibly popular tool amongst bitcoiners, it is not without its critics, and with Bitcoin’s drop from ~$64k to ~$29k, the model is coming under increasing scrutiny.
So, is the model broken, or is Bitcoin still heading for $100k+ this year?
In this interview, I talk to Bitcoin Quant Analyst & creator of the popular Stock-to-Flow model, Plan₿ and investor, entrepreneur & publicist Willem Middelkoop. We discuss S2F, gold vs Bitcoin and whether we are heading to a big reset.
Location: Remotely Date: Monday 9th August Company: Alameda Research Role: Co-CEO, Quant Trader
While the Bitcoin market has grown massively over the last few years, in comparison to traditional markets, it is still somewhat immature.
With a large number of inexperienced retail participants and derivative platforms offering huge leverage, just one tweet from an eccentric billionaire or a significant piece of news can cause huge volatility and cascading liquidations.
These periods of high volatility are when most traders look to profit. However, a quantitative trader approaches the market a little differently. Quant traders rely on data, algorithms and bots to execute billions of dollars in daily trading at incredibly high frequency.
So how does quant trading work in the Bitcoin market, and what impact do they have on the price action?
In this interview, I talk to Sam Trabucco, Co-CEO and Quant Trader at Alameda Research. We discuss the role of a market maker, sentiment & momentum in Bitcoin and if there is too much leverage in the system.
Location: Remotely Date: Tuesday 3rd August Company: ShapeShift / Independent Role: CEO, Founder / Developer, Consultant, Bitcoin Activist
Erik Vorhees was a very early bitcoiner, drawn to it because of its alignment with his Libertarian beliefs. Erik created one of the first widely used applications on Bitcoin, Satoshi Dice. A ‘provably fair’ betting game that at one time made up around 50% of all bitcoin transactions.
In 2014, in the wake of the Mt.Gox collapse, Erik built ShapeShift, a trading platform that allowed the user to trade bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies without KYC or counterparty risk, which again aligned with both Erik’s and Bitcoin’s Libertarian ethos.
However, in 2018 regulation pushed ShapeShift to KYC every customer and comply with various surveillance and reporting requirements. Erik decided the best way to push back against this would be to dismantle the legal company and move instead to a protocol, forming a Decentralised Autonomous Organization (DAO).
In this interview, I talk to Shapeshift Founder & CEO Erik Voorhees and Developer & Consultant Udi Wertheimer. We discuss the increasing regulatory pressure, decentralising a company and whether tokens have merit.
Location: Remotely Date: Thursday 5th August Company: Independent, Bitcoin Magazine Role: On-chain Analyst, Director of Financial Markets & Research
From early May to late July, the price of Bitcoin dropped substantially from ~$64k to below $30k. This was following a wave of negative press, a renewed ESG, anti-proof of work narrative and Elon Musk FUDing Bitcoin.
During this time, the sentiment amongst most Bitcoin traders turned negative, with many calling for the price to drop into the low $20,000s. The futures markets reflected this negative sentiment, with a large majority of participants in short positions.
One faction of the trading community that remained bullish throughout the turndown was the on-chain analysts. While the price fell, key on-chain metrics pointed at this being a dip rather than the beginning of a long term bear market. New users on the network grew, short term holders turned to long term holders, and retail was buying the dip.
Many on-chain analysts predicted a sizeable short squeeze that quickly took the price from sub-$30k to over $40k in just a few days.
So, what's next for Bitcoin? Is this just a dead-cat bounce, or are we heading higher?
In this episode, I talk to on-chain analyst Will Clemente, and Bitcoin Magazines Director of Financial Markets & Research Dylan LeClair. We discuss the recent Bitcoin price action and the current macroeconomic backdrop.
Location: Remotely Date: Tuesday 3rd August Company: Unchained Capital Role: Head of Business Development
For people new to bitcoin, it can be confusing at first. From public key cryptography to mining, block sizes to nodes, there are many new ideas to understand. However, bitcoin has a sound monetary policy at its core, and understanding this is the most important step in understanding it.
Over the last 18 months, central banks worldwide have issued currency at alarming rates in an attempt to bolster economies and stimulate growth. In reality, this practice is also boosting asset prices while debasing the currency.
Bitcoin offers a sound alternative and as Parker Lewis says, "Bananas grow on trees. Money does not, and bitcoin is the force that reawakens everyone to the reality that was always the case". It's for this reason that bitcoin is common sense.
In this interview, we discuss the printing of money and currency debasement by central banks, why bitcoin is anti-fragile and what makes it a common-sense alternative.
Location: Remotely Date: Friday 23rd July Project: Coindesk Role: Chief Content Officer
Historically, the control of information was held mainly by powerful entities like the church, governments, or corporations. While the dawn of the internet age has made the ability to broadcast worldwide cheap and accessible, algorithmic curation is influencing our discourse.
Now, the left v right paradigm is more divisive than ever, leaving many disenfranchised with politics. A new battle is emerging between incumbent-centralisation and disruptive-decentralisation that is spreading not just through information and governance but with Bitcoin, money itself.
In this interview, I talk to Coindesk’s Chief Content Officer, Michael Casey. We discuss the power of controlling information, the divisiveness of left v right politics and how in the future governance may decentralise.
Location: Remotely Date: Thursday 29th July Project: Hypersheet Role: Co-Founder
Since mid-May, Bitcoin has ranged between $30k-$40k, following a build-up of negative news, from bans in China to concerns about energy use. While on-chain analysis showed strong signs of accumulation during this time and pointed to the bull run not being over, the price kept grinding lower.
By July 20th, the price again dropped below $30k and held below this crucial level for the longest period since the dip began. With sentiment heavily bearish and many calling for a further dip to ~$20k, what started as a small rally turned into a $10,000+ move after shorters were forced to close their positions. The price on one futures exchange hit as high as $48k on the back of the liquidations.
Bitcoin has been sat at $40k, another crucial level, for several days now, and with on-chain metrics showing a massive influx of new entrants and FUD wearing thin, market sentiment seems to be flipping positive.
So has the bull run recommenced? And is this cycle different?
In this interview, I talk to on-chain analyst and the co-founder of Hypersheet, Willy Woo. We discuss accumulation by small holders, the recent bullish move and why this might be the last cycle.
Location: Remotely Date: Tuesday 27th July Project: lynalden.com Role: Macroeconomist
Nassim Taleb is a well-regarded author and statistician and one-time bitcoin bull who has since turned critic, claiming that it "can be neither a long or short term store of value" and that "its expected value is no higher than 0."
Taleb recently wrote a black paper criticising bitcoin's ability to function as a store of value, questioning its ability to protect against oppressive governments and claiming bitcoins distribution is unfair.
Several key points in the paper were without merit, and it led to bitcoiners questioning whether the article is Taleb being intellectually dishonest or ignorant.
In this interview, I talk to Lyn Alden, a macroeconomist and investment strategist. We break down Nassim Taleb's "Bitcoin Black Paper" and discuss his misconceptions and whether it offers any valid criticisms.
Location: Remotely Date: Monday 19th July Project: Plan B Passport Role: Founder
Bitcoin and libertarianism go hand in hand. As such, avoiding tax and limiting reliance on the government is a significant goal for many bitcoiners. Plan B Passport, a company set up with bitcoiners in mind, aims to make that happen, and through their work, they want to accelerate the 'Sovereign Individual' thesis.
By enabling people to obtain a second passport and removing their dependency on any single state, it empowers the individual while taking power away from governments. People can now vote with their money and their feet.
So how easy is it to obtain a second passport, and what are the pros and cons?
In this interview, I talk to Plan B Passport Founder, Katie the Russian. We discuss flag theory, the state as a service provider, why some nation-states will fail to compete in a free market and how Bitcoin enables all of this.
Location: Remotely Date: Wednesday 21st July Project: Block Digest & Bitcoin Core Role: Host & Developer
A core fundamental feature of Bitcoin is decentralisation. Being a distributed and decentralised network, Bitcoin allows anyone to transfer money to anyone else without relying on a third party or intermediary to authorise or facilitate the transaction.
For years bitcoiners have fought to keep Bitcoin as decentralised as possible. A segment of the Bitcoin community wanted to increase the block size to allow for more transactions in each block. However, the tradeoff of this proposed change would increase the size of blocks and thus the size of the blockchain, making it harder to run a node on standard hardware.
While the debates around decentralisation are generally around the protocol rules, Bitcoin also relies on the Internet, something outside of bitcoiners’ control. Some aspects of the Internet are highly centralised and could potentially be used to attack Bitcoin.
So, how significant is this threat? And, what can be done to stop it?
In this interview, I talk to Shinobi, the host of Block Digest, and Bitcoin Core Developer Dhruv. We discuss the importance of decentralisation, the protocols that power the internet and how a centralised internet threatens Bitcoin.
Location: Remotely Date: Monday 19th July Company: Blockstream, Lightning Labs Role: Researcher, Infrastructure Engineer
The Bitcoin blockchain is an open public ledger, thus building privacy solutions on-chain is challenging. However, the Lightning network’s design is a massive improvement in privacy as the tradeoffs are different.
Lightning removes transactional friction with significant security and privacy assurances today. But what are the potential attack vectors, and how might they be mitigated?
In this interview, I talk to researcher Christian Decker and infrastructure engineer Carla Kirk-Cohen. We discuss the current state of privacy on Lightning, potential vulnerabilities and most likely solutions.
Location: Remotely Date: Thursday 15th July Company: Validus Power Corp, Bitcoin Magazine Role: Bitcoin Strategist, Director of Financial Markets & Research
In Ray Dalio’s video How the Economic Machine Works, he explains the concept of deleveraging long-term debt cycles. Currently, central bankers have pulled all the levers they can to avoid unwinding the supercycle of global debt, but eventually, something has to give.
The final tool that central bankers have to avoid creative destruction is inflation, and it is now a mathematical certainty that a devaluation of fiat currencies is coming. Is the rise of Bitcoin the only logical conclusion to the fiat money system?
In this interview, I talk to Bitcoin Strategist Greg Foss and Dylan LeClair from Bitcoin Magazine. We discuss crony capitalism and perpetual bailouts, why debt cycles spell inflation, and how the world will turn to Bitcoin.
Location: Remotely Date: Thursday 15th July Project: Strike Role: Role: CEO
With Strike, Jack Mallers is taking on the traditional financial rails and neobanks by facilitating the sending of money anywhere in the world, near-instantly and for free. Strike does this by utilising the largest and best open monetary network of all time, bitcoin.
After running a successful pilot campaign in El Salvador, a country that relies heavily on remittances, Jack was instrumental in its groundbreaking bill that made it the first country to adopt bitcoin as legal tender.
In a country where a vast proportion of the population operating outside of the banking system, Strike helps build financial inclusion, and they now have their sights set on the rest of the world.
In this interview, I talk to Jack Mallers, CEO of Strike. We discuss the Lightning Network as a medium of exchange, the power of open networks, and how the Bitcoin rails change remittance.
Location: Remotely Date: Wednesday 7th July Project: RaspiBlitz Role: Role: Developers
Bitcoin operates thanks to a decentralised network of nodes whose job it is to maintain the network rules, known as consensus, and ensure all transactions and blocks are valid by keeping a copy of the entire history of the blockchain.
Setting up a Bitcoin & Lightning node can be a daunting task for those that aren't technical, but there are now a number of simple 'plug and play' style nodes like Umbrel, MyNode and Raspiblitz.
In this second episode of our Lightning series, I talk to RaspiBlitz developers Openoms and Rootzoll. We discuss the importance of running a node, tradeoffs between custodial and non-custodial wallets and the different node solutions available.
Location: Remotely Date: Thursday 5th July Project: aantonop.com / Freelance Role: Role: Speaker, Author and Educator / developer and Data Scientist
The Lightning Network helps Bitcoin scale. As a layer two solution, Lightning takes transactions off the base chain and allows for near-instant transitions for a small fee.
While Lightning Network is growing fast, there is still a learning curve to understand and use the technology. This series will go through everything from how the Lightning Network works, the improved privacy, and why Lightning is vital to Bitcoin’s success.
In this interview, I talk to Bitcoin Speaker, Author & Educator Andreas M. Antonopoulos and Lightning Network developer René Pickhardt. We discuss how the Lightning Network works and why scaling off-chain is so essential.
Location: Remotely Date: Tuesday 6th June Company: Unchained Capital Role: Head of Business Development
When people attempt to understand bitcoin, it is easy to get caught up in some of the myths we addressed in Gradually then Suddenly Pt 1 - Killing the FUD. In this Part 2 episode, we go deeper into the principles of monetary economics.
Money solves the intersubjective problem of trade and facilitates specialisation in society. Therefore, how we solve these problems can help objectively evaluate the properties of money.
The most important property of money is scarcity, and bitcoin, with its fixed supply and monetary properties, reigns king. But from where do these properties derive? And what about other blockchains? How can bitcoin obsolete all other money?
In this interview, I talk to Parker Lewis, Head of Business Development at Unchained Capital. We discuss the principles of money, monetary convergence, and why Bitcoin obsoletes all other money.
Location: Remotely Date: Friday 25th June Company: Suredbits Role: Software Engineer
Bitcoin's proof-of-work blockchain solves a specific problem: achieving consensus of a distributed ledger without a central authority. Out of this decentralised network, new properties emerge like censorship resistance and probabilistic finality.
Bitcoin's success led to an explosion of altcoins, with most claiming to improve upon Bitcoin somehow, whether it's speed, privacy or scalability. However, blockchains are a delicate balance of specific tradeoffs, and these altcoins pale in comparison to Bitcoin's decentralisation and censorship resistance.
While changing a parameter might seem to add functionality, it can also introduce unintended consequences. To resist influence and attacks, Bitcoin must remain decentralised by allowing for easy validation.
Can we achieve sufficient privacy and functionality on the second layer? And why are other consensus methods, like proof-of-stake, flawed?
In this interview, I talk to Suredbits software engineer Nadav Kohen. We discuss why blockchains must scale with second layers, proof-of-stake vs proof of work, and tradeoffs of privacy technology.
Location: Zoom Date: Saturday 27th June Project: Tonga Role: Tongan Politician & Noble of the Realm.
Following El Salvador's groundbreaking decision to make bitcoin legal tender, politicians from all over Central & South America, Africa and the Pacific Islands began putting laser eyes in their Twitter bios and publicly endorsing bitcoin. One of these politicians was Lord Fusituʻa, a Tongan politician.
Tonga is a small country in the South Pacific. Their economy relies heavily on remittances, most notably from Australia, New Zealand and the United States. With close to 41% of their GDP coming from remittance and fees, sometimes as high as 50%, the Polynesian country would benefit greatly from removing these middle-man fees.
After seeing Strike's success in El Salvador and their government's steps to legalise bitcoin, Lord Fusituʻa wants to bring bitcoin to Tonga.
In this episode, I talk to Tongan Politician and Noble of the Realm, Lord Fusituʻa. We discuss the history of Tonga, why the country relies so heavily on remittance payments and the steps he is taking to bring Bitcoin to the Tongan people.
Location: Remotely Date: Friday 25th June Project: CJ Wilson Racing, WBD Employee of the Month Role: Owner and founder, N/A
CJ Wilson has led an exciting life. He was a two-time All-star during his decade-long major league baseball career, and he went on to found a professional sports car racing team.
Given his understanding of sound money, bitcoin was something he had to pursue to protect his wealth. CJ is a bitcoin maximalist, a term initially coined as a pejorative and now worn as a badge of honour.
The culture of toxicity is under constant criticism, with opponents suggesting it pushes people away from Bitcoin, while bitcoiners maintain it’s an essential defence against scams and misinformation. Critics claim that maximalism itself is in opposition to liberty, but taking a hard stance is a cornerstone of sovereignty.
Is maximalism anti-freedom? Or is it simply the free market’s rallying cry of a monetary revolution?
In this interview, I talk to American HODL & MLB all-star and sports car racer CJ Wilson. We discuss CJs sports career, racing fast cars and the role of toxic bitcoin maximalism.
Location: Remotely Date: Tuesday 22nd June Project: Kraken Role: Head of OTC Options Trading
Derivatives are contracts that allow traders to take a position with an asset based on possible outcomes; while they can provide dramatic rewards, they come with risk.
Derivative exchanges have been a growing part of the maturing bitcoin ecosystem. However, with the rise of exchanges like FTX and Binance, offering high leverage, there is an increasing lens on these exchanges.
Derivative contracts are a valuable tool for experienced traders. With exchanges offering leverage of up to 125x, inexperienced traders can quickly amass significant losses.
Whenever bitcoin has a sharp move in either direction, those on the wrong side of the trade often get liquidated. These capitulation events regularly wipe out hundreds of millions or even billions of dollars in positions.
Some people suggest that high amounts of leverage are detrimental to the price discovery of bitcoin, but it's clear from the rise of certain exchanges that these are the types of markets traders want.
In this interview, I talk to Juthica Chou, Head of OTC Options Trading at Kraken. We discuss how bitcoin derivatives work, the different types of contracts, and Microstrategy's leverage plays.
Location: Remotely Date: Thursday 24th June Project: Hypersheet Role: Co-Founder
Over the last few weeks, a significant amount of bad news and FUD has circulated bitcoin. Elon Musk publicly questioned the energy mix used by the bitcoin network shortly before the initial drop to ~$30k, and since then, Bitcoin has ranged between $30k and $40k.
While other positive news has come to market, such as El Salvador making Bitcoin legal tender, the news cycle has been dominated by bearish narratives, from energy concerns to China, again, banning Bitcoin.
During this period, the hash rate has dropped by nearly 50% as miners turn off their machines and move out of China, and the difficulty adjustment, expected around 2nd July, is expected to drop by over 25%.
The last month has been turbulent in bitcoin, and the narrative has become cloudy, with bitcoin continually defending the ~$30k mark. Is this the bottom? Or just the start of a longer-term bear market?
In this interview, I talk to on-chain analyst and the co-founder of Hypersheet, Willy Woo. We discuss the reliability of on-chain data and TA, miners moving out of China and whether we have entered a bear market.
Location: Remotely Date: Tuesday 22nd June Project: lynalden.com Role: Macroeconomist
The new legislation in El Salvador making Bitcoin legal tender is a bold move for the country. As a dollarised nation and with remittance making up 15% of GDP, there are clear benefits in bringing bitcoin and the Lightning Network to the country.
A catalyst for this move is the macroeconomic fallout of 2020 which included unprecedented monetary expansion and economic disruption. Today, it seems some of the effects are starting to appear in price inflation and oddities in the overnight lending markets between financial institutions.
Will El Salvador’s bet on Bitcoin pay off? And are these simply transitory macroeconomic irregularities, or is there cause for concern?
In this interview, I talk to Lyn Alden, a macroeconomist and investment strategist. We discuss El Salvador making Bitcoin legal tender, other countries adopting Bitcoin, the Lightning Network and the reverse repo market.
Location: El Salvador Date: Friday 18th June Project: El Salvador Role: President
Twenty years ago, El Salvador became a dollarised nation, bringing economic stability to the country and improving the country's potential for investment. However, it did so at the cost of giving up its monetary policy to the US Federal bank.
Two decades later, following the COVID-19, the global economic outlook has changed significantly. As a result, the Fed has taken extreme measures to combat the economic impact of the pandemic and is printing money at previously unseen levels.
The stimulus packages that help American's do not make their way to dollarised El Salvador, but the people of Salvadorans do suffer the adverse effects of the US debasing the dollar.
Two years ago, Nayib Bukele won a landslide presidential election in El Salvador, becoming the first President since the Salvadoran Civil War who did not represent either of the two major parties.
As the founder of the political party Nuevas Ideas, President Bukele lived up to his reputation when on the 8th of June 2021, El Salvador enacted its Bitcoin Law, making it the first country to adopt bitcoin as a legal tender. The decision has been met with excitement and scepticism.
Could this bold move be a catalyst for prosperity in El Salvador? And will other nations follow suit, potentially helping billions?
In his first interview since the Bitcoin law was passed, I talked to El Salvador President Nayib Bukele. We discuss the decision to make bitcoin legal tender, education & infrastructure, volcano mining, and why he believes bitcoin is a ‘no-brainer’.
Location: El Salvador Date: Thursday 17th June Project: Strike Role: CEO
El Salvador made history by becoming the first country to embrace bitcoin as legal tender. This bold step to adopt Bitcoin empowers Salvadorians and utilises Bitcoin's powerful technology to build a better financial future for the country.
As a dollarised country, El Salvador is at the whim of the Fed, and the groundbreaking legislation included this excerpt:
"Central banks are increasingly taking actions that may cause harm to the economic stability of El Salvador; That in order to mitigate the negative impact from central banks, it becomes necessary to authorise the circulation of a digital currency with a supply that cannot be controlled by any central bank."
The bitcoin project in El Salvador has a long history; Bitcoin Beach, a project started by Michael Peterson in El Zonte, a surf town that has become a bitcoin hub in El Salvador. This local project has become the poster child of what a bitcoin community and economy can look like.
Jack Mallers and the Strike team have taken El Salvador by storm, but this story is bigger than any one person. From Bitcoin Beach to developers, and the entire community, every bitcoiner played a part in bringing a fair and inclusive financial future to El Salvador.
In this interview, I talk to Jack Mallers, CEO of Strike. We discuss the story that led to Bitcoin as legal tender in El Salvador, all the credit due to the community, and his mission to secure financial freedom for all.
Location: Miami Date: Monday 7th June Project: Griid Infrastructure Role: WP of Strategy
Bitcoin mining has been subjected to a considerable amount of criticism over recent years, but the number of articles disseminating misinformation has exploded over the last few months.
Almost every mainstream media outlet has shared ill-researched hit pieces, and several hugely influential figures, from Elon Musk to Elizabeth Warren, have publicly questioned its energy usage.
While the conversation about Bitcoins energy usage is worthwhile, almost all of the criticisms come from a misunderstanding of Bitcoin and the energy sector. However, the reach of these articles is widespread and potentially damaging.
To address this FUD, I talk to Harry Sudock, the Vice President of Strategy at Griid. We discuss the energy consumption of Bitcoin mining, energy generation & the power grid and the case for renewable energy.
Location: New York Date: Wednesday 9th June Project: michaelmalice.com Role: Author
It's a common misconception that anarchy revolves around chaos and war when it is simply about freedom. Anarchists want to see the removal of all government and society to run on an entirely voluntary, cooperative basis.
While it's uncertain what our world would look like without rulers, technology is the greatest driver of transformation in the modern world. Bitcoin has realised an anarchist dream as an incorruptible form of money, controlled by the people outside of government intervention. It is a powerful catalyst for freedom.
Michael Malice is a staunch anarchist and author who believes anarchism is an apparatus for achieving human joy. In this interview, we discuss how the world would operate without state intervention, the human propensity for cooperation, and how Bitcoin is a catalyst for change.
Location: New York Date: Wednesday 9th June
As of February 2021, annual growth in the money supply reached 39% in the US, leading to widespread fears of inflation and the impact on the economy. Consumer prices soared 5% in May, the largest increase since 2008. While the Fed has argued that inflation will revert to normal by next year, others are looking to hedge the risk of inflation.
Bitcoin is viewed by many as the ultimate inflation hedge. With its fixed monetary policy and transparent, consistent and decreasing supply issuance, it is the antithesis of fiat currencies, perpetually debased by governments' increasingly extreme monetary policy.
Are we right to fear more significant inflation? And what role do Bonds and Bitcoin play?
In this interview, I talk to William Elman and Greg Mercer. We discuss bond yields and what they signal, the pros and cons of market intervention and the ever-increasing government debt.
Location: Guatemala Date: Wednesday 26th May Project: Head of Business Development Role: Host
The Gradually, Then Suddenly series by Parker Lewis on the Unchained Capital blog is an excellent resource for readers with any level of knowledge.
Bitcoin is not intuitive at first, and these articles cover many of the most common sticking points people come across when they fall down the rabbit hole. Parker's writings deeply examine the value proposition of Bitcoin from a first-principles basis.
To truly understand Bitcoin, one must answer the question: what is money?
In this interview, I talk to Parker Lewis, Head of Business Development at Unchained Capital. We discuss money as a coordination function of society, Bitcoin's energy usage, and why you cannot copy Bitcoin.
Location: Miami Date: Tuesday 25th May Project: Block Digest Role: Host
Bitcoin is an entirely decentralised network, and as such, by definition, it has no authoritative organisation to dictate or coordinate rule changes. Instead, any improvements or changes must be community-driven.
Changes to Bitcoin are rare, and when the developers propose protocol changes, they go through a strenuous review and test process. As such, changes are rare and slow to happen. While some see this as a negative, it is one of the strengths of Bitcoin.
A monetary network that is worth nearly $1tn should not be fast or easy to change. Many even think that eventually, the base-layer of Bitcoin may reach a point where it must no longer implement any changes, and further improvements would occur on higher layers.
In this interview, I talk to Shinobi, the host of Block Digest. We discuss making changes to the Bitcoin protocol, hard vs soft forks, ossification, and the upcoming Taproot soft fork means for Bitcoin.
Location: Los Angeles Date: Thursday 27th May Project: Thiel Capital Role: MD
Bitcoin can be a toxic place. If you question a narrative or fall on the wrong side of a debate, you will quickly find yourself on the receiving end of the ‘bitcoin plebs’, and rarely a day passes without a fight of some kind exploding on Twitter.
Earlier this year, Eric Weinstein found himself amongst a heated discussion after challenging the narratives of bitcoiners across Clubhouse and Twitter.
Eric is a cultural commentator who has been aware of Bitcoin since as early as 2010. Whilst supporting Bitcoin and the community, he does not consider himself a bitcoiner.
In this interview, we discuss Bitcoin maximalism & toxicity, Elon Musk and whether Bitcoin fixes everything. My friend Travis Kling joins me as co-host for this episode.
Location: Los Angeles Date: Friday 28th May Project: lynalden.com Role: Macroeconomist
Over the last few weeks, the ESG narrative regarding Bitcoin has been growing, and we have seen a constant stream of misinformed FUD surrounding the energy sources and usage of Bitcoin miners.
The primary catalyst for this narrative, and the recent drop in price, was when Elon Musk tweeted that Tesla had "suspended vehicle purchases using Bitcoin" due to their concerns "about the rapidly increasing use of fossil fuels for Bitcoin mining and transactions". While the validity of this claim was quickly debunked, the narrative is spreading.
With growing pressure to reduce energy consumption and comply with the ESG movement, what impact will this have on the Bitcoin market?
In this interview, I talk to Lyn Alden, a macroeconomist and investment strategist. We discuss new sources of demand for bitcoin, ESG, Tesla, and misconceptions about fossil fuels and “green” energy.
Location: Chicago Date: Wednesday 26th May Project: Kraken Role: Growth Lead
When Elon Musk tweeted that Tesla had "suspended vehicle purchases using Bitcoin" due to their concerns "about the rapidly increasing use of fossil fuels for Bitcoin mining and transactions", the market went into freefall, dropping from around $58k to just below $30k in just a few days.
Since then, the market has reacted whenever Musk tweets. On Monday, he stated that he had "Spoke with North American Bitcoin miners" in a meeting set up by Michael Saylor and that "they committed to publish current & planned renewable usage & to ask miners WW to do so. Potentially promising."
While this may seem like positive news, behind-closed-door meetings are not something that bitcoiners are fans of. The meeting was somewhat reminiscent of the New York Agreement.
The future of Bitcoin should be decided by the consensus of the entire network, not a small, wealthy and hugely influential committee. Some feel that appeasing one billionaire is a dangerous precedent to set.
Are we heading down a slippery slope? And what will this mean for Bitcoin?
In this interview, I talk to Dan Held, the Growth Lead at Kraken. We discuss the concept of leaders in Bitcoin, antifragility, and dispel some FUD.
Location: Remotely Date: Monday 24th May Project: The Human Rights Foundation & Castle Island Ventures Role: Chief Strategy Officer & Partner
Bitcoin is in the midst of an immense cycle of FUD. In the last few weeks alone, Elon Musk has questioned the energy consumption, China has again imposed regulations on bitcoin miners, and even the Pope raised fears concerning fossil fuels.
As Bitcoiners, we are used to the constant stream of attacks, but often the disparagement is down to a lack of understanding of Bitcoin, with people viewing it as just a visa-like payment processor. As Alex Gladstein says, Bitcoin “is not a fintech company competing with Visa. It is a decentralized asset competing to be the new global reserve currency, aiming to inherit the role gold once had and the role the dollar holds today.”
If bitcoin does become the new global reserve currency, superseding the dollar, will that usher in a more peaceful world? And what impact will it have on equality and foreign policy?
In this interview, I talk to Alex Gladstein, the Chief Strategy Officer at The Human Rights Foundation and Nic Carter, a Partner at Castle Island Ventures. We discuss the petrodollar system, moving to a bitcoin standard and the benefits that it would have on society.
Location: El Salvador Date: Monday 10th May Project: Independent Role: Bitcoin Writer
Growing food, gunpowder and the printing press, while these don't appear to have much in common, they have been the catalyst for some of the most fundamental shifts ever seen in human history.
The agricultural revolution led man from small groups of hunter-gatherers to relatively large settled communities; this provided the basis for centralised political structures.
The gunpowder revolution changed warfare. It removed the ultimate power of a knight on horseback and rebalanced power back towards the people.
With the advent of the printing press, the spread of ideas became possible on a previously unimaginable scale; this, in turn, turbocharged the Renaissance and removed power from the church.
Each one has been responsible for revolutionising how society operates and transformed people's lives.
With Bitcoin, are we now amidst the next significant revolution that will change the course of history?
In this interview, I talk to Bitcoin writer Robert Breedlove. We discuss the mega-political variables that shape society, the role of technology, and the logic of violence.
Location: Guatemala Date: Thursday 20th May Project: Hypersheet Role: Co-Founder
The last 48 hours have been one of the craziest in Bitcoin, with the price crashing -51% from its peak. Back in April, we were hovering around $60k when a significant number of miners in China went offline due to power plant disruption; after a brief selloff, prices began to recover.
Last week a tweet about Bitcoin’s energy usage from Elon Musk triggered another downturn in the market. A “tidal wave of young coins” flooded into exchanges to sell, leading to a lot of leveraged traders getting liquidated and ultimately a capitulation to around $30k.
While this dip was extreme, significant dips in a bull market are not uncommon, and bitcoin is already up around 40% from the lows. So was this just a minor blip, or does it signal the end of the bull market?
In this interview, I talk to on-chain analyst and the co-founder of Hypersheet, Willy Woo. We discuss what caused the dip, who’s buying it up, and Willy’s new price targets.
Location: El Salvador Date: Saturday May 8th Project: USC Marshall School of Business Role: Adjunct Professor of Finance
For a long time, asset managers in the traditional finance world have largely ignored bitcoin. Often using outdated and debunked theories as to why bitcoin is another tulip bubble that boils the oceans, kills polar bears and used by drug dealers and criminals.
Over the last year, this has begun to change, institutions have woken up to Bitcoin, and they are beginning to see it for what it is, the soundest money the world has ever seen and a tool for freedom. Nik Bhatia says that Bitcoin has changed monetary technology as we know it. It is now the fiduciary duty for asset managers to consider bitcoin, not only for the economic benefit but also for societal change.
In this interview, I talk by Author and Professor of Finance Nik Bhatia. We discuss his recent article ‘Asset Managers, Owning Bitcoin Is Now Your Fiduciary Duty’, currency debasement and how Bitcoin is the new monetary reality.
Location: El Salvador Date: Saturday May 8th Project: tomerstrolight.medium.com Role: Writer
The inflationary aspects of fiat money and the ultimate control wielded by the central banks create a rigged game that forces us to consume rather than save. As Tomer Strolight puts it, ‘time-travelling thieves are stealing our energy and wealth’. As the soundest money the world has ever known, the magical qualities of Bitcoin fix this.
Tomer Strolight has been pondering Bitcoin’s profound implications for nearly a decade. His writings are unique, elegant tidbits of helpful perspectives for bitcoiners, new and old.
In this interview, I talk to Tomer, and we discuss his many short articles on Bitcoin, the dark magic of fiat money, and why Bitcoin is the most important thing happening in the world.
Location: El Salvador Date: Friday 30th April Company: BTC Media Role: CEO & Co-Founder
On June 4th & 5th, the Bitcoin world will descend on Miami for the largest Bitcoin-only conference in history. Since the outbreak of the pandemic, conferences and gatherings have been postponed and cancelled. It is fitting that a conference centred around Bitcoin, a tool for freedom that allows people to bypass government control, will be one of the first gatherings of its kind in a post-covid world.
With the massive increase in retail and institutional interest in bitcoin, it looks to be an event on a scale not seen before for bitcoin. The lineup of speakers ranges from Michael Saylor to Jack Dorsey and Nick Szabo to Tony Hawk.
In this interview, I talk to David Bailey, CEO of BTC Media. We discuss the massive Bitcoin 2021 conference in Miami, maximalism, hyperbitcoinisation, and the bitcoin revolution.
For tickets, head over to their website and use promo code “WBD” to save 10% off your tickets.
Location: El Salvador Date: Saturday May 8th Company: Strike, Ed Carpenter Racing Role: CEO, Owner
Ed Carpenter lives life at over 373 km/h. He’s worked his whole life for his dream of racing in the Indy 500. And now, with 18 Indy races under his belt, the finish line is within his sights. But Indy racing requires millions per year in funding, and the way people consume entertainment is changing.
Ed’s team needed to do something different, and a dose of orange pills gave them an idea. A cold email to Jack Mallers may just have changed the game forever. The two have joined forces and are looking to the Bitcoin community to raise money to enter car number 21 into the Indy500 covered in the Bitcoin logo.
In this interview, I talk to Jack Mallers and IndyCar driver Ed Carpenter. We discuss Ed’s racing aspirations, entering a Bitcoin car into the Indy500 and supporting open source development and Bitcoin.
Location: El Salvador Date: Wednesday 5th May Company: n/a Role: n/a
Bitcoin is an open and permissionless system that, by design, is available to anyone and everyone who wants to participate, without prejudice or bias. However, while the system is open to all, some of the participants in the system push strong narratives.
As a decentralised system with no single entity in control, these bitcoiners and their narratives have been fundamental in helping protect the network from bad actors and those looking to exploit it for personal gain.
Some of these narratives are clearly beneficial, such as running a full node to help decentralise the network or pushing self-sovereignty through things such as not your keys, not your coins. However, several other narratives have become things that some groups of bitcoiners identify with, such as following a carnivore diet, anarchism and scepticism regarding vaccines.
How important are these narratives to bitcoin? And what makes someone a 'real' bitcoiner?
In this interview, I talk to American HODL and Surfer Jim. We discuss bitcoin narratives & purity, shitcoins, NFTs, the bitcoin plebs and Surfer Jim's battle with Chamath Palihapitiya.
Location: Remotely Date: Wednesday 21st April Company: Horizon Kinetics Role: Co-Founder & MD
Value investing is a simple but highly effective strategy used by some of the world's most renowned traders, most notably Warren Buffet. These investors hunt out stocks that they believe to be trading below their true value. The theory is that the market overestimates both good and bad news, which means stock or asset prices can swing wildly askew of their actual value, and they then look to capitalise on this by buying cheap and holding for the long term.
It is easy to argue that Bitcoin fits perfectly into this category. If you believe that Bitcoin has the potential to become the world's premier store of value and absorb a large portion of gold's market cap, then at a $1trillion market cap, bitcoin seems massively undervalued. However, many value investors, including Buffet, refuse to accept Bitcoin.
Peter Doyle is a value investor who believes that bitcoin has a crucial role in our future. Not only just as a store of value and a hedge against inflation but also as a way of removing monetary policy decisions from the central bankers and politicians.
In this interview, I talk to Peter Doyle, the Co-Founder and MD of Horizon Kinetics. We discuss the risks of high inflation, value investing in the current macro environment and why the world needs Bitcoin.
Location: Remotely Date: Monday 3rd May Company: Kansas City Chiefs Role: Tight End
Sean Culkin rocked the sports world with his recent announcement that he is taking 100% of his $920K salary in bitcoin. Sean is not the first NFL player to dive into bitcoin, but he is the first to take his entire salary in bitcoin in a truly trailblazing move.
Sean argues that athletes now need to "view themselves as corporations", and with many corporations now using Bitcoin as an inflation hedge, why should athletes be any different? Microstrategy CEO Michael Saylor described his cash position as being like a '$500m melting ice cube' when he led the charge.
In this interview, we discuss his journey to the NFL, taking his entire $920K salary in bitcoin and where his conviction comes from.
Location: Remotely Date: Friday 26th, March Company: lynalden.com Role: Macroeconomist
Bitcoin was born out of the 2008 financial crisis when central banks worldwide started printing money at levels never seen before to bail out the banks for a mess they created.
Now, a decade later, amid a global pandemic, the money printer is again being used to rescue up a faltering economy. This time, the level of money printing dwarfs that of 2008/09.
With the ongoing debasement of fiat currencies globally, inflation is more of a concern than ever before. Bitcoin offers a hedge against the threat of inflation, and with its sound monetary principles, it is the antithesis of the inequity and reckless money printing of central banks.
Corporations are now using Bitcoin as an inflation hedge. When MicroStrategy announced their initial bitcoin purchase in 2020, CEO Michael Saylor explained that he was worried about their cash position being like a ‘$500m melting ice cube’. This sentiment has been echoed by many other corporations, with a record 47 S&P 500 companies citing ‘inflation’ in their 2021 Q1 earnings reports.
The link between printing money and inflation is not black and white, so how is inflation measured? And what are the markets telling us?
In this interview, I talk to Lyn Alden, a macroeconomist and investment strategist. We discuss the growing concern of rising inflation, CPI as a measure and what the markets are signalling.
Location: Remotely Date: Tuesday 27th April Company: Block Digest, Suredbits Role: Host, Software Engineer
Since Bitcoin’s inception, scaling has been a divisive topic. The very first reply to Satoshi Nakamoto’s email introducing the bitcoin whitepaper stated that “We very, very much need such a system, but the way I understand your proposal, it does not seem to scale to the required size.”
The scaling debate came to a head in the block size wars. Part of the community wanted to scale bitcoin by increasing the block size. However, a larger section believed that scaling was better handled on other layers, culminating in 2017 with the BCash fork.
Four years on and the market has decided that layered scaling is the preferred solution. Today, there are several approaches to off-chain settlement, and by experimenting with these on higher layers separate from the protocol, the security of Bitcoin can remain robust.
These different second layers offer additional functionality and programmability not found on the Bitcoin base chain, but they do come with tradeoffs. Users should consider who or what they are trusting, be it a peg, a federation, a protocol, or a combination.
In this interview, I talk to Shinobi, the host of Block Digest and Suredbits software engineer Nadav Kohen. We discuss Bitcoin scaling, the Lightning Network, wrapped Bitcoin and Liquid.
Location: Remotely Date: Tuesday 27th April Company: Kraken Role: Growth Lead
When Dan Held first wrote about a possible bitcoin supercycle back in 2019, the idea seemed far fetched. The bitcoin price was just under $10,000, and we were a few months away from the first reported cases of COVID-19.
Now, 18 months on from that tweet, the idea of a supercycle is gaining traction. With governments around the world resorting to astonishing amounts of monetary and fiscal policy to temporarily prop up economies in response to COVID-19, the case for bitcoin has never been so clear. A new wave of investors has arrived, with bitcoin offering them a life raft from fiat currency debasement.
In early February, Dan Held came on the show to discuss the Supercycle thesis, and since then, the price of bitcoin is up over 50%. Still, more critically, Tesla bought $1.5 billion worth of bitcoin in a move that plays nicely into the supercycle theory.
In this interview, I talk to Dan Held, the Growth Lead at Kraken. We discuss his supercycle thesis, the macro elements that make this cycle different and why traditional investors are waking up to bitcoin.
Location: Remotely Date: Friday 23rd April Company: Pantera Capital Role: Co-Founder & CEO
Dan Morehead is a veteran of Wall Street, having worked at Deutsche Bank and Goldman Sachs before co-founding Pantera Capital. He is the embodiment of institutional investors, and he is predicting bitcoin will hit $115k by August 2021.
In 2013, Pantera launched the first cryptocurrency fund in the U.S. and offered accredited investors direct exposure to bitcoin. The firm also provides insights and price targets based on historical performance, market conditions, and models like stock-to-flow.
While, historically, bitcoin has faced many challenges that have kept some investors at bay, with the availability of institutional custody solutions and increasing regulatory clarity, these investors are now entering the market.
This increased institutional adoption of bitcoin has been a significant driver of the current bull market. With $trillions in government deficits worsening asset inflation, corporations have begun looking to bitcoin to protect their wealth.
In this interview, I talk to Dan Morehead, a veteran investor and the co-founder & CEO of Pantera Capital. We discuss the Pantera price target, the firm's investment thesis for bitcoin and the impact of inflation.
Location: Remotely Date: Wednesday 21st April Company: Kraken & Bitcoin Magazine Role: Editor
Ten years ago, in April 2011, Satoshi Nakamoto sent his last known message to Mike Hearn, stating that he had "moved on to other things" and that Bitcoin was "in good hands". Satoshi left the development with Gavin Andresen and a group of contributors and left the Bitcoin community for good.
At launch, Bitcoin was governed and developed entirely by Satoshi; it was centralised. To reach the level of decentralisation that Satoshi envisioned, Bitcoin couldn't have a leader that the community looked towards; instead, it needed to rely on peer review, debate and consensus. Satoshi, the mythical and mysterious leader, had to leave the project he founded.
Pete Rizzo wrote The Last Days of Satoshi to answer the fundamental questions about Bitcoin's early history and its creator. How did he run the project? And why did he have to leave?
In this episode, I talk to Pete Rizzo, the Editor at Kraken & Bitcoin Magazine. We discuss Satoshi's final days, his contribution to Bitcoin, the project's transition to decentralisation, and why his disappearance was inevitable.
Location: Remotely Date: Tuesday 6th April Company: Strike, Square Crypto & Bitcoin Beach Role: CEO, Bitcoin PM, FounderCIO
Bitcoin Beach is an experiment set up by Michael Peterson, trying to help the people of El Salvador. The organisation built a Bitcoin economy in Punta Mango, a small beach town in El Salvador where local businesses now accept Bitcoin, creating a local Bitcoin circular economy.
In rolling out bitcoin services in this part of El Salvador, the speed and cost of transacting on the base layer presented challenges. Migrating to using the Lightning Network has solved these issues and helped build a circular bitcoin economy.
Jack Maller’s Strike has also launched in El Salvador to solve other issues for the local people. With the Strike app using the bitcoin network as the payment rail, users can send fiat currencies instantly and at no cost.
In this interview, I talk to Zap CEO Jack Mallers, Square Crypto's Miles Suter, and Bitcoin Beach's Michael Peterson. We discuss the Lightning Network, international remittance and how Strike solves problems for people in El Salvador.
Location: Remotely Date: Tuesday 20th April Company: Valkyrie Role: CIO, Partner
Since the Winklevoss applied for the first Bitcoin ETF in 2013, many Bitcoin ETFs have been filed and rejected. Since then, the Bitcoin market has matured, and with every rejection, those applying for ETFs gain more clarity on how one could eventually be approved.
While there have been successful filings of ETFs in Canada and Brazil, these are smaller markets, and an ETF in the US would be a game-changer. With a growing number of applications piling up and more and more of the SEC’s objections becoming resolved, it seems inevitable that a US ETF will be approved.
A Bitcoin ETF would unlock access and liquidity for a massive pool of individuals, pensions, and other institutions that are stuck waiting on the sidelines and offer an option to those who want to remain in the traditional financial rails but gain exposure to bitcoin.
The traditional investment world utilizes the security and established plumbing surrounding ETF vehicles to connect assets with IRAs, 401Ks, and even larger structures like endowment funds.
In this episode, I talk to Steven McClurg and Jeff Kilburg from Valkyrie. We discuss why Bitcoin ETFs are a game-changer, pent up institutional demand, and how soon they are coming.
Location: Remotely Date: Wednesday 14th April Company: Ledger Role: CEO & CISO
In July last year, Ledger was the victim of a data breach, with hackers gaining customer email addresses, phone numbers and physical addresses. Over 270,000 people were affected by the hack.
Pascal Gauthier, CEO of Ledger, previously came onto the podcast to answer questions shortly after the hack. Since the interview, Ledger asked to sponsor the podcast, and one condition was that they come back on the show and answer listener questions.
I believe it is vital to have a healthy and competitive marketplace for hardware wallets, firstly to give customers a choice and competition between the manufacturers pushes them to be better.
Listeners of the podcast still have questions regarding the hack, so I asked the Ledger CEO and CISO Pascal Gauthier and Matt Johnson to come on the show and answer some more questions and explain the changes they have made internally.
Location: Remotely Date: Thursday 15th April Company: Hypersheet Role: Co-Founder
Bitcoin has broken an all-time high again, rallying to over $64,000 this week, and it appears to be holding its ground with more new investors entering daily.
Willy explains how he uses models that rely on moving averages to observe the rising “natural price” of bitcoin and how they help him identify the degree to which it is above or below a specific natural range. If it goes up or down too quickly, for example, it might be a good strategy to use a little leverage to ride it back to a more locally appropriate price.
Managing risk is very important for traders, and Willy takes the time to explain how he uses various strategies to hedge his bets. He also clarified how I could manage my risk of not winning my bet with American HODL.
In this episode, I talk to on-chain analyst and the co-founder of Hypersheet, Willy Woo. We discuss moving price targets, hedging my bet with American HODL, and some of the strategies and risks of trading.
Location: Remotely Date: Tuesday 13th April Company: BankToTheFuture, Abra Role: Co-Founder, CEO
The banking system is a regulated Ponzi scheme driven by leverage and debt with onerous rules and powerful gatekeepers. When you are in the system, you are a slave to it, and worse still, the banks can freeze your payments and shut down your accounts.
Simon Dixon envisions a future where we aren’t beholden to deputized authoritarian institutions to move and store our money; he thinks we can achieve it by plugging decentralized and centralized systems together. And Bill Barhydt is helping build that future.
While Bitcoin is a savings based economy that may help rid us from a world drowning in debt, there are still questions about how people with one foot in the old system, and another foot in the future, will make the transition while maintaining their privacy. While many promising solutions are in development, it’s not clear exactly how we will be borrowing, transacting, and securing our wealth.
In this interview, I talk to Simon Dixon, the Co-Founder of BankToTheFuture and Abra CEO Bill Barhydt. We discuss the legacy banking system, the fight for privacy, and the future of banking in a bitcoin world.
Location: Remotely Date: Sunday 11th April Company: N/A Role: N/A
With bitcoin currently sat at ~$60,000 and looking likely to break its previous all-time highs, the bull market is in full swing. After a massive end to 2020 with no signs of slowing, analysts predict anything from $100k to $300k+ in 2021. Are we still in the early stages of this bull market?
Typically, bitcoin has had clear 4-year market cycles based around the halving; however, some people think this time may differ.
In 2017, it was mainly a retail-driven bull market, with few institutions investing in bitcoin. Still, now with institutions following MicroStrategy’s move, the market has matured, and we have big money investors buying up every dip. So, is this enough to prevent us from ever seeing an 80% drawdown again? Are we amid a supercycle?
In this interview, I talk to American HODL & BitcoinTINA. We discuss the current market conditions, if we are in a supercycle, and Hodl and I bet another bitcoin, this time on whether the price reaches $300k in 2021.
Location: Remotely Date: Wednesday 7th April Company: zubymusic.com Role: Rapper, Podcaster and Author
With the emergence and rapid spread of COVID-19 in early 2020, governments worldwide opted to lockdown in an unprecedented move. After struggling to contain the spread of COVID and the deadliness and contagiousness relatively unknown, they argued that it was a temporary measure and a necessary step to take as they learned more about the virus.
Now, one year on from the initial lockdowns and with vaccination programs well underway, many countries are on their way out of lockdown, but did the lockdowns work? And, was it a necessary reaction to the virus?
In this interview, I talk to rapper, podcaster and author Zuby. We discuss the government's response to COVID, the economic and social impact of lockdowns, libertarianism, and the state's role.
Location: Remotely Date: Monday 5th April Company: Swan Bitcoin Role: Head of Education
The current bitcoin bull market has been unlike any before. While retail traders have led previous rallies with speculators looking for short term gains vs fiat, this time, institutions are here and buying vast amounts of bitcoin, and many have no intention of selling.
The macro conditions this time around are entirely different. Bitcoin investing is no longer a speculative bubble, rather a rational response to the debasement of fiat currencies at an accelerating rate. Investors are looking for a store of value to protect their money from losing purchasing power.
Bitcoin buyers and HODLers are not just looking at bitcoin as a way of making money, but truly seeing it for what it is, a hedge against inflation and the hardest money the world has ever known.
This is the Bitcoin Renaissance.
In this interview, I talk to the Head of Education at Swan Bitcoin, Brady Swenson. We discuss the bitcoin bull market and HODL FOMO, the transitional period between fiat currency and bitcoin and how the future role of state and government will change.
Location: Remotely Date: Tuesday, 30th March Company: SupportAssange.wauland.de Role: N/A
A world where the people are afraid to hold institutions and governments accountable for their actions is a dystopian reality.
Julian Assange founded Wikileaks in 2006 to defend against injustices, hypocrisy, and tyranny; he published the truth. And for these actions, he has spent ten years fighting for his freedom.
Today is a call to action for everyone aligned with Bitcoin, freedom of speech, freedom of press, censorship-resistance, and justice. Take the time and donate to the defence of Julian Assange.
In this special episode, I talk to Julian Assange’s father and brother, John and Gabriel Shipton. My friend Janine also joins us to discuss the plague of malice regarding Julian’s case, his alignment with the Bitcoin ethos, and how you can support his defence.
Location: Remotely Date: Wednesday 31st March Company: Gemini Role: Co-Founders
Earlier this year, bitcoin hit a significant milestone when the market capitalisation (the price of the entire current supply) hit $1trillion for the first time. As Cameron Winklevoss said, "from white paper to $1 trillion, bitcoin is eating gold alive."
Cameron and Tyler expect this trend to continue. With bitcoin as digital 'gold 2.0' that is more scarce, transferable and a better store of value than gold, it is just a matter of time until it eclipses gold's $10 trillion market cap.
To welcome the show's newest sponsor, I talk with Cameron & Tyler Winklevoss, Gemini's co-founders. We discuss their case for $10 trillion bitcoin, sponsoring devs, proof of reserves and whether governments will ban bitcoin.
Location: Remotely Date: Friday 26th, March Company: lynalden.com Role: Macroeconomist
This month we have seen the markets signal an expected increase in inflation; while bond prices are a good indicator, Lyn Alden explains that just looking at bonds or the Consumer Price Index (CPI) does not tell the whole story. Price changes can vary wildly in services, commodities, and especially asset prices, but inflation affects different people in different ways.
Outside of inflation, Bitcoiners have been looking closely at the Grayscale Trust (GBTC) recently and specifically the premium. I asked Lyn why people would pay less (or more) than the market price of Bitcoin for shares of GBTC.
There are several reasons that GBTC is down recently, one of which is the potential approval of a Bitcoin ETF. Canada recently approved a Bitcoin ETF, with significant demand.
An ETF in the United States is still being held up by regulators, despite increasing applications from institutions like Fidelity. But the rumour is one is right around the corner, and it would likely have significantly more demand than Canada's.
In this interview, I talk to Lyn Alden, a macroeconomist and Lyn Alden Investment Strategy founder. We discuss bond yields, the effects of the rising inflation rate, the GBTC premium, and potential Bitcoin ETFs.
Location: Remotely Date: Thursday 25th March Company: Hypersheet Role: Co-Founder
In the first two weeks of March, the bitcoin price bounced from around $45k to a new all-time high and local top of $62k. The price then dropped significantly, with many blaming CryptoQuant for the sell-off after posting a message in their Telegram group saying, "18,961 #BTC ($1,145,210,023) aggregated inflow to #Gemini: be careful downside risk from whale dumping" just moments before the price began to crash.
While the data was accurate and someone moved a large amount of bitcoin into a Gemini wallet, it was misleading. The move was from BlockFi into Gemini's custodial wallets.
But during these dumps, who are the buyers? Willy thinks the people buying the dip are 'Rick Astleys'; HODLer's of last resort who 'never give up, or desert bitcoin'.
In this episode, I talk to on-chain analyst and the co-founder of Hypersheet; Willy Woo. We discuss the drop from $62k, Cryptoquant's analysis, the "Rick Astleys" buying the dip and how to catch the top of the market.
Location: Remotely Date: Thursday 25th March Company: N/A Role: N/A
Back in the fall, American HODL and I bet on the outcome of the US election, with Phil Geiger, from Unchained Capital as the arbiter. In this show, we got together to settle the bet.
But so much has happened since we made the bet and I asked HODL to join us for a monthly bitcoin rehab show.
Despite the massive gains bitcoin has made this last year, it feels like a wall of money is still to come. Money managers increasingly realize their jobs may be replaced by two words: “buy bitcoin”. Top risk analysis teams at companies like iconic insurance firm MassMutual are hedging with massive allocations. The only real question is, who’s next?
While the price action has been bouncing around for the past few weeks, sometimes we perhaps lose perspective on how far we have come. Weak hands sell; strong hands accumulate.
In this interview, I talk to American HODL and Phil Geiger. We discuss settlement of our Trump bet, rumours of the incoming institutional stampede, strong hands (and HODL yells at everyone).
Location: Remotely Date: Tuesday 23rd March Company: Block Digest Role: Host
With Bitcoin, if you don't control your private keys, you don't own your bitcoin. That means the first thing you should do once you have bought bitcoin is to move it to a wallet you control.
Bitcoin wallets come in all shapes and sizes and offer different use cases depending on the amount of bitcoin you have and how you intend to use it:
For smaller amounts of bitcoin, mobile and desktop wallets are convenient and often simple to use. However, by operating on your device, they are constantly connected to the internet and more vulnerable to attack.
For more significant bitcoin holdings, hardware wallets separate your keys from an internet connection and offer a far greater level of security.
Another option for securing large amounts of bitcoin is multi-signature wallets. A multi-signature wallet requires multiple keys to sign a transaction; this means you can geographically distribute these keys and have no single point of failure.
In this interview, I talk to Shinobi, the host of Block Digest. We discuss the tradeoffs between different wallets, how wallets work, and how you should secure your bitcoin.
Location: Remotely Date: Friday 12th March Company: dergigi.com Role: Writer
Bitcoin is an implicit rejection of the existing system. From the early cypherpunks to the recent multi-billion dollar CEOs, the people that take the plunge down the rabbit hole possess an ability to think outside-the-box. They come with an open mind and often discover that Bitcoin has changed them.
The permissionless nature of Bitcoin means that anyone who is running a node and interacting with the network is able to decide for themselves what Bitcoin is. For different people, it solves different problems, but ultimately, everyone on the network is confined to the rules of consensus.
In this interview, I talk to Bitcoin writer Gigi. We discuss the philosophical teachings of Bitcoin, toxicity as a feature, and how bitcoin creates its own space-time.
Location: Remotely Date: Tuesday 16th March Company: BlockFi Role: CEO
BlockFi is a platform that brings financial services to bitcoin, and with their platform, you can earn interest on bitcoin deposits and take out collateralised loans.
While BlockFi has operated successfully in the space for several years and survived market challenges, such as the March 2020 crash, Bitcoiners often criticise their business model.
“Not your keys, not your coins” is an important message regarding bitcoin, and some view custodial lending platforms as antithetical to this, questioning whether 6% interest per year is worth the risk on an asset that, on average, appreciates 200% a year.
While it is a personal choice, there is also a subset of bitcoiners that spread misinformation and unsubstantiated claims against BlockFi and other lending platforms.
To address the risk-reward of BlockFi and answer some of the questions & misconceptions, I talk to BlockFi CEO Zac Prince. We discuss building the present and future of Bitcoin capital markets, the demand for crypto-liquidity and BlockFi’s solutions to the challenges of managing risk in this growing financial frontier.
Location: Remotely Date: Tuesday 16th March Company: Unchained Capital Role: Co-founder
With SpaceX CEO Elon Musk “highly confident” that his company will land humans on Mars by 2026, the human colonisation of another planet within our solar system has never been closer. Once humans settle on another world, one question that will have to be solved is what money will be used as the local currency? The obvious answer may, on the surface, be bitcoin. But how would that work?
With the time it takes to send a signal over such a vast distance, we will need to consider how bitcoin functions at scale throughout the solar system. Sending bitcoin transactions from Mars to Earth could work fine if you don’t mind waiting several hours for confirmation, but mining will be impossible on Mars. So, will we use bitcoin on Mars, or will its colony rely on a new ‘Muskcoin’?
In this interview, I talk to Unchained Capital co-founder Dhruv Bansal. We discuss his Bitcoin Astronomy series of articles, the prospects of Bitcoin as an interplanetary currency, SpaceX, colonisation of other planets, and hyperbitcoinisation.
Location: Remotely Date: Tuesday 9th March Company: Validus Power Corp Role: Bitcoin Strategist
Since early February, 10-year Treasury yields have risen from 1.13% to as high as 1.625%. This rise, which equates to 48 basis points, is the highest in a year and has sparked some bond investors to raise inflation concerns.
While the Consumer Price Index (a metric for judging the level of inflation) is currently around 2%, analysts suggest the actual inflation rate could be as high as 10%. Because of this and growing uncertainty in the markets, Bitcoin Strategist Greg Foss sees Bitcoin as portfolio insurance. He believes that if you don’t own Bitcoin, you are taking “extreme amounts of risk”.
In this interview, I talk with Greg about the growing treasury yields, what this means for the markets, inflation and what a debt spiral means for fiat currencies and bitcoin.
Location: Remotely Date: Sunday 7th March Company: Independent Role: Bitcoin Writer
The Sovereign Individual: Mastering the Transition to the Information Age is a prophetic book released in 1997 by William Rees Mogg and James Dale Davidson. The book was written before the widespread adoption of the internet, social media, and Bitcoin, yet predicted a future that is remarkably close to the one we live in today, opening with the quote, “The future is disorder.”
In the book, Mogg and Davidson describe their vision of the future and how the rise of digital technology would make the world much more competitive, unequal and unstable. The pair also predicted a ‘cyber money’ that would empower the individual to splinter from the nation-state. “As cybercommerce begins, it will lead inevitably to cybermoney. This new form of money will reset the odds, reducing the capacity of the world’s nation-states to determine who becomes a Sovereign Individual”.
In this interview, I talk to Bitcoin writer Robert Breedlove. We discuss why The Sovereign Individual is such an essential book for Bitcoiners, violence in a libertarian world, why bitcoin is a threat to the state and the ascending and descending world.
Location: Remotely Date: Thursday 4th March Company: dominicfrisby.com Role: Author, Comedian & Voice Actor
COVID-19’s impact on the global economy has been immense. Efforts to counter these effects have been varied, from unprecedented levels of money printing to increased taxation and other fiscal policies.
Rishi Sunak, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, recently announced that, in 2023, there will be an increase in corporation tax in the UK, claiming this would put the burden on business to support the economic recovery from COVID-19. It has, however, raised concerns that this may force companies to move elsewhere.
Dominic Frisby is a British author, comedian and voice actor who has written several books, including; Bitcoin: The Future of Money and, more recently, Daylight Robbery: How Tax Shaped Our Past and Will Change Our Future.
In this interview, I talk to him about his book Daylight Robbery, the effects of taxation and the proposed rise in corporation tax in the UK, libertarianism and gold vs bitcoin.
Location: Remotely Date: Saturday 6th March Company: Block Digest Role: Host
The core fundamental aspect of Bitcoin is its censorship-resistant nature; this is only possible because the network is meaningfully decentralised.
Bitcoiners achieve decentralisation across the world, running nodes. These nodes maintain the network rules, known as consensus, and ensure all transactions and blocks are valid by keeping a copy of the entire history of the blockchain.
Following my previous interview with Shinobi, I went away and attempted to set up three things:
Tor - a distributed network that preserves my privacy by hiding the location of my node and preventing eavesdropping
Bitcoin Core - the most popular bitcoin node software
Specter - software that connects to your Bitcoin node and allows you to create a local wallet or connect to a hardware wallet
In this interview, Shinobi helps me set up Tor, Bitcoin Core and Specter, and we discuss the difficulties for non-technical people, UX and why running a node is essential.
Location: Remotely Date: Thursday 4th February Company: Real Vision Role: Co-Founder & CEO
Unlike almost every other market, in bitcoin, retail had the chance to front-run Wall Street. Since before bitcoin even had a price, the libertarians and cryptographers believed in bitcoin's ability to become the world's most dominant financial system.
Bitcoin has been through many boom and bust cycles that were almost entirely retail-driven, yet the institutions have dominated the 2017 narrative.
MicroStrategy changed the landscape for bitcoin investment and ushered in a new wave of 'smart' money. While there was undoubtedly institutional investment before MicroStrategy, it was their purchase of 21,454 bitcoin in August of last year that opened the floodgates to corporate investment.
But how do these traditional, 'smart' money investors view bitcoin? And what do they think of bitcoiners?
In this interview, I talk to Raoul Pal, macroeconomist and co-founder & CEO of Real Vision. We discuss the differences between retail and institutional investors, what a $1 trillion market cap means, volatility and market cycles.
Location: Remotely Date: Friday 19th February Company: balajis.com Role: Angel Investor & Entrepreneur
The corporate adoption of bitcoin has widely defined the last 12 months for bitcoin. Following Michael Saylor’s watershed move, companies such as Tesla and Square have been adding bitcoin to their treasuries.
Many see the next logical step as nation-states adding bitcoin to their reserves. While some countries like Estonia and Malta have been very open to bitcoin, a large number still, at least publicly, have a less welcoming stance.
The Indian government recently announced its intention to ban ‘private’ cryptocurrencies, including bitcoin, fearing adoption would threaten national security and create a capital outflow from the country. Balaji Srinivasan thinks this is the wrong move and put forward the opposite case in his recent article Why India Should Buy Bitcoin.
In this interview, we discuss the benefits to a nation-state adopting bitcoin, why India are the perfect first mover and the demise of Silicon Valley.
Location: Remotely Date: Tuesday 23rd Feb Company: Block Digest Role: Host
The core fundamental aspect of Bitcoin is its censorship-resistant nature; this is only possible because the network is meaningfully decentralized.
Decentralization is achieved by bitcoiners worldwide running nodes (a computer connected to the bitcoin network, e.g. Bitcoin Core).
These nodes maintain the network rules, known as consensus, and ensure all transactions and blocks are valid by keeping a copy of the entire history of the blockchain.
Aside from supporting the network, running a node helps improve your privacy and allows you to validate your transactions without requiring a 3rd party. If you are not running a full node, you cannot use the bitcoin network in a trustless way.
It is hard to know the exact number of nodes connected to the bitcoin network. However, Luke Dashjr estimates the number to be somewhere around 80,000.
In this interview, I talk to Shinobi, the host of Block Digest. We discuss what a node is, why running a node is crucial for the network, which hardware & software to use, and the impact on privacy.
Location: Remotely Date: Thursday 25th Feb Company: lynalden.com Role: Macroeconomist
Bitcoin is not slowing down after its massive start to 2021, and February has been another incredibly bullish month for bitcoin.
First, following Tesla's announcement that they bought $1.5bn of bitcoin for their corporate treasury, the price surged above $50,000 for the first time.
A few days later, with the bitcoin price at $53,763, the market capitalisation of bitcoin broke $1 trillion.
Although bitcoin has since dropped back below the $1 trillion market cap, some analysts have suggested that if bitcoin can hold above that level, this de-risks bitcoin as an investment. With this, some institutional investors may begin to see bitcoin as a more feasible option.
In this interview, I talk to Lyn Alden, a macroeconomist and investment strategist. We discuss Tesla buying bitcoin, MicroStrategy's billion-dollar raise, hitting a $1 trillion market cap and the sovereign bond market.
Location: Remotely Date: Monday 22nd Feb Company: Hypersheet Role: Co-Founder
Since last month's episode with Willy Woo, bitcoin went from ~$30,000 to a new all-time high of over $58,000. This price action came on the back of a couple of massive announcements:
Tesla added $1.5bn of bitcoin to its company treasury.
MicroStrategy announced a raise of $600m in a convertible senior note sale to buy bitcoin before reassessing and increasing the raise to $900m. Upon completion of the raise, the company estimated the proceeds to be close to $1.05bn
The bitcoin market cap broke through $1 trillion
While corporations are still driving the bitcoin price, Willy Woo believes that we have entered a new phase of the bull market and that retail traders have arrived. As stated in his recent newsletter: "Bitcoin's blockchain is seeing 20,000 new users per day, this is a sudden 3x increase over the normal 5,000-10,000 per day previously. It's a very sure sign that retail investors are now coming in. They typically start ramping up in numbers during the middle phases of bull markets."
In this interview, we discuss the Tesla & MicroStrategy news, the recent drop in price and what retail entering the market will mean for bitcoin.
Location: Remotely Date: Thursday 18th Feb Company: Abra Role: Founder & CEO
In the last week, bitcoin broke $50,000 for the first time, a significant milestone, helped by corporate adoption. Tesla’s $1.5bn bitcoin buy was a watershed moment. Still, it would likely not have happened without MicroStrategy, who themselves announced this week that they would be raising another $900 million to acquire more bitcoin.
Using Bitcoin as a corporate treasury asset is only expected to grow, with some bitcoiners suggesting that as many as half the S&P500 will hold bitcoin in their balance sheet before the end of 2021.
The next logical step after corporate adoption of Bitcoin is the nation-state. With India looking to ban Bitcoin, it is clear there is still a large amount of scepticism from nation-states. However, the first country to embrace Bitcoin will likely see the same benefits as MicroStrategy did.
In this interview, I talk to Bill Barhydt, the CEO and Founder of Abra. We discuss what $50k bitcoin means, increasing corporate adoption and which nation-state will be the first to embrace Bitcoin.
Location: Remotely Date: Monday 15th February Company: Bitcoin Magazine & Independent Role: Media Editor & Bitcoin Writer
Bitcoin is the separation of money and state. It allows hodlers to opt-out of government-issued fiat currency and take sovereignty over their money. For many libertarian-minded Bitcoiners, this was the draw to Bitcoin, even before it had any real value.
Throughout late 2020 and into early 2021, more and more companies have added Bitcoin to their treasuries. MicroStrategy led the way, but the most notable is Tesla's recent $1.5bn Bitcoin acquisition.
For many, Bitcoin's attraction is due to its monetary policy and thus is a hedge against the unprecedented levels of money printing and the fear of high inflation. However, as Christian Keroles said in his article for Bitcoin Magazine The Sovereign Company Thesis "As companies adopt Bitcoin, they will begin to gain new levels of sovereignty and leverage over the state … this in and of itself will challenge the dynamics of governance and the nature of nation-states as we currently know them.
So, what does the future of sovereign companies look like?
In this interview, I talk to Christian Keroles, the Media Editor of Bitcoin Magazine and Robert Breedlove. We discuss the idea of sovereign companies, jurisdictional arbitrage and moving away from a state-controlled world.
Location: Remotely Date: Friday 5th February Company: SwanBitcoin Role: Founder
We are just over a month into 2021, and it has already been a wild start of the year for Bitcoin and the broader financial markets.
The r/wallstreetbets subreddit took it to Wall Street by collectively buying up the heavily shorted GameStop (GME). The stock price went from around $20 in mid-January to over $450 in less than two weeks, wiping a staggering $4.5 billion off Melvin Capital’s balance sheet.
In early February, corporate Bitcoin evangelist Michael Saylor held his ‘Bitcoin for Corporations’ event which around 7,000 companies attended. Just days after the conference, Tesla announced that they had bought $1.5bn of Bitcoin.
With any bull market, shitcoins also see an increase in activity. With the rise of Clubhouse, the salesmen are out in force. Yet, Bitcoiners are marshalling the rooms, educating newcomers on why Bitcoin is the only asset they should be considering.
In this interview, I talk to Cory Klippsten, the founder of SwanBitcoin. We discuss how shitcoiners are invading Clubhouse, r/wallstreetbets, corporations buying Bitcoin, and which nation-states will first disclose a Bitcoin position first.
On Monday, Tesla made the announcement that Bitcoiners had been anticipating. In their annual report to the SEC, Tesla disclosed that they had invested $1.5 billion in Bitcoin and the Bitcoin price soared to a new all-time high of over $47,000.
In 2020, Michael Saylor and MicroStrategy paved the way for corporations to add Bitcoin to their treasuries and since then several companies have followed suit, including Square and MassMutual.
However, as the richest man in the world and one of the most influential in the tech industry, Elon Musk's could prove to be the most important in the history of Bitcoin. It has sent shockwaves through the corporate world and will make the CEO of every publicly traded company question their treasury strategy. But, what does this mean for Bitcoin? And does this mark the beginning of the corporate race for Sats?
In this interview, I talk to American HODL and Preston Pysh, author, engineer & the host of The Investor Podcast. We discuss Tesla's announcement, MicroStrategy's influence and corporations scrambling to buy Bitcoin.
Location: Remotely Date: Monday 1st February Company: Kraken Role: Director of Business Development
The Gold Standard was a monetary system that linked the value of a country's currency to the amount of gold held in reserve.
The Gold Standard placed restrictions on a governments ability to print money. Still, in 1971 Nixon announced that the US would sever all ties between the dollar and gold, and would no longer convert dollars to gold at a fixed value of $35. Nixon's decision severed all links to The Gold Standard, and since then the world has been in a fiat monetary system.
Many Bitcoiners believe that the fiat monetary experiment is failing and it is inevitable that, at some point, the hardest form of money will win out - bitcoin.
Hyperbitcoinisation is when bitcoin becomes the world's dominant form of money and the entire financial system's base asset. But how do we get there? And what are the implications on society?
In this interview, I talk to Dan Held, the Director of Business Development at Kraken. We discuss the implications of a Bitcoin Standard, onboarding, adoption, decentralisation and layer one ossification.
Location: Remotely Date: Thursday 28th January Company: Kraken Role: Director of Business Development
Jack Dorsey has been one of the leading public supporters of Bitcoin in Silicon Valley, stating his belief is that "Bitcoin has the potential to become the world's sole currency by 2030". In late 2020 Dorsey went a step further when his company Square put $50 million of Bitcoin in their treasury. Following the purchase, he tweeted "More important than Square investing $US50mm in #Bitcoin is sharing how we did it (so others can do the same)."
Jack Dorsey is a hugely influential figure in Silicon Valley, and his actions sent a clear message of his belief in the importance of Bitcoin.
Silicon Valley has mostly ignored Bitcoin, and Dan Held thinks this is a culture issue. While Silicon Valley values moving fast and breaking things, Bitcoin is the opposite. It is conservative, slow and most importantly, hard to change.
In this interview, I talk to Dan Held, the Director of Business Development at Kraken. We discuss Dan's experience in Silicon Valley, what drives VCs to invest, and the changing Bitcoin narratives within Silicon Valley.
Location: Remotely Date: Monday 25th January Company: Kraken Role: Director of Business Development
The design of Bitcoin issuance leads to clear four-year market cycles. While Bitcoin experienced bull runs in its first cycle, 2013 was the first, mainstream bull market and the price climbed to over $1,000. What followed was a multi-year bear market and an 80% drawdown.
2016/17 marked the next bull cycle with the Bitcoin price reaching $20,000 only to, again, experience an extended bear market and another 80% drawdown.
Many speculate the catalyst for these cycles is the four-year halving, where the issuance rate of Bitcoin to miners cuts in half. With reduced supply and sustained demand, the price of Bitcoin pushes higher. However, each successive bull market presents a new and different set of participants.
In 2013, the early adopters were the people who understood the technology or needed censorship-resistant money for the Silk Road. While it had become simpler to buy Bitcoin during this cycle, the fall of MtGox marked the end of this bull market.
2017, was mainly a retail-driven bull market, with few institutions investing in Bitcoin, due to the lack of infrastructure and regulatory clarity. A civil war also marked 2017, where Bitcoienrs debated the block size, ending with a hard fork, a split in the community and the creation of BCash.
The current bull market is again different. Institutions have woken up to Bitcoin, and Michael Saylor has paved the way for corporations to add Bitcoin to their balance sheet. With the unprecedented levels of money printing and reckless policy, the need for hard money that is state resistant is more apparent than ever. As Dan Held says "Never before has Bitcoin had such strong fundamentals against a macro backdrop that highlights exactly why Bitcoin is needed, the narrative is singular, and the ability for global value to flow into Bitcoin has never been easier."
In this interview, I talk to Dan Held, the Director of Business Development at Kraken. We discuss Bitcoin market cycles, the halving's impact, and the catalysts that could make this cycle a supercycle.
Location: Remotely Date: Tuesday 26th January Company: Hypersheet Role: Co-Founder
Bitcoin has had a great year so far, after hitting a new all-time high of ~$42,000 it has been in a consolidation range bouncing between $30,000 and $40,000.
Since that top, we have seen a massive uptick in FUD, including a misreported double spend. This ‘double spend’ scared some investors and NexTech, a software company that had recently bought 130 Bitcoin, sold off the $4 million of Bitcoin they had acquired as a result.
With Bitcoin cooling off for the first time in this bull market, what is the on-chain data telling us, and how can you know when a bull market is coming to an end?
In this interview, I talk to on-chain analyst and the co-founder of Hypersheet; Willy Woo. We discuss the run-up to $42,000, what the on-chain data indicates, price targets for Bitcoin and how to call the top.
Location: Remotely Date: Monday 25th January Company: lynalden.com Role: Macroeconomist
Since early January Bitcoin has been consolidating between $30k and $40k and the fundamentals and technicals remain strong. Grayscale has ceased their hiatus, MicroStrategy has added to their position during this time and, in early February, will be holding a conference for other corporations to go through their Bitcoin playbook.Since early January Bitcoin has been consolidating between $30k and $40k and the fundamentals, remain strong. Grayscale has ceased their hiatus, MicroStrategy has added to their position during this time and, in early February, will be holding a conference for other companies to explain their Bitcoin playbook.
However, the big story over the last couple of weeks has been Wall Street Bets, the Reddit community taking on Wall Street. These retail investors have picked highly shorted stocks such as GameStop and AMC and bought in huge numbers. Traders activated a massive short squeeze on GameStop, and at least two hedge funds have had to cover their positions at a considerable loss. During this period the GameStop price went from ~$19 to ~$460.
With retail traders desperate to take it to Wall Street, what is the eventual outcome, and what role has the COVID lockdowns and subsequent stimulus played in this?
In this interview, I talk to Lyn Alden, a macroeconomist and investment strategist. We discuss the Bitcoin price action, retail investors/WSBs and Lyn’s economic analysis of Ethereum.
Location: Remotely Date: Tuesday 15th December Company: Block Digest Role: Host
Checking your balance or sending Bitcoin can be as simple as opening an app or scanning a QR code and clicking send, but what is happening behind the scenes to make that happen?
Unspent transaction outputs (UTXOs) are the monetary units of bitcoin. They are likes coins and notes in the traditional financial system but can be of any value.
When accessing a wallet, the software creates your balance by totalling the value of all your UTXOs, and when you want to send someone bitcoin, your wallet selects the UTXOs required to make up the amount you want to send.
In many cases, wallet software abstracts away UTXOs so that the user does not have to consider them. However, it is a crucial part of the system that, when properly used, can help protect your privacy and reduce your transaction fees.
In this interview, I talk to Shinobi, the host of Block Digest. We discuss UTXOs, what they do, how they work and the implications for both privacy and transaction fees.
Location: Remotely Date: Tuesday 12th January Company: Swan Bitcoin Role: Head of Institutional Investment
Why buy bitcoin is a complicated question to answer. Bitcoin is many different things to different people. It is a censorship-resistant form of payment for those living under authoritarian regimes; for some, it is a hedge against inflation, while it is purely speculative for many others.
Even with Bitcoin adoption growing and maturing, the public perception of Bitcoin is still mixed. The mainstream media is somewhat to blame. It regularly pedals false narratives such as the funding of terrorism or Bitcoin being for drug dealers and network security that is melting the polar icecaps. As Bitcoiners we are used to dealing with this kind of FUD, Bitcoin has been declared dead hundreds of times, yet it continually bounces back.
So, why buy Bitcoin?
In this interview, I talk to Andy Edstrom, author of Why Buy Bitcoin. We discuss his investment thesis for Bitcoin, why Bitcoin continues to thrive and address the common misconceptions and FUD surrounding it.
Location: Remotely Date: Saturday 16th January Company: VaynerX & Parallax Digital Role: CEO & Founder
Hyperbitcoinisation is the state at which Bitcoin becomes the world's dominant form of money and thus the base asset for the entire financial system.
On the road to hyperbitcoinisation, there will be a tipping point where governments willingly or unwillingly seed power and move over to a bitcoin-based system. For many Bitcoiners, hyperbitcoinisation is inevitable. However, the path to a hyperbitcoinisation society is unclear and likely difficult.
In this interview, I talk to entrepreneur, author & speaker Gary Vaynerchuk and founder of Parallax Digital, Robert Breedlove. We discuss the government response to Bitcoin and the road to hyperbitcoinisation.
Location: Remotely Date: Thursday 14th January Company: Independent Role: Software Engineer and Author
As we are in another Bitcoin bull market, many new people will be considering investing, but understanding what Bitcoin is and why it is important isn’t straightforward.
Bitcoin is multifaceted, and the use cases can vary dramatically depending on where you live in the world and your circumstances.
There is no standard narrative or way of explaining Bitcoin; for example, it is a medium of exchange, a way to bypass government and as an inflation hedge. Others are investing in Bitcoin to speculate against the net benefit of all use cases.
To help answer some of the most common questions and lay to bed some of the common misconceptions, I talk to software engineer and author, Vijay Boyapati for the ultimate Bitcoin 101.
Location: Remotely Date: Wednesday 13th January Company: Independent & Castle Island Ventures Role: Author & Partner
Bitcoin adoption is maturing, and veteran traders such as Stan Druckenmiller and Paul Tudor Jones, companies like Microstrategy and institutions like Grayscale and Skybridge have all made moves solidifying its reputation and profile. However, it is still not without its detractors.
Arguments regarding scalability, how a deflationary system works and fears of money without government backing are topics of regular discussion. One critic who is quick to highlight Bitcoin’s perceived shortcomings is Frances Coppola, and last week on Twitter, Frances caused a stir with comments about the scarcity of bitcoin.
In this episode, I moderate a debate between Frances, an economist and financial author, and Nic Carter, a Partner at Castle Island Ventures, to discuss some of Bitcoin's most fundamental questions.
Location: Remotely Date: Tuesday 22nd December
In early 2017, with the Bitcoin price at around $1,200, Didi Taihuttu, his wife and three kids sold their house, cars and everything they owned and invested it all in Bitcoin. They planned to travel the world and live a nomad lifestyle.
In 2017, following their decision, the Bitcoin price went to $20,000 before crashing back down to around $3,200. With this volatility, the family had to adjust their lifestyle. However, with Bitcoin hitting new all-time highs of $42,000 last week, their conviction has paid off.
Now, four years later, the family are still travelling the world and living off Bitcoin.
In this interview, I talk to Didi Taihuttu, and we discuss his decision to sell everything and buy Bitcoin, how the family coped during the bear market and the pros and cons of living a nomad lifestyle.
Location: Remotely Date: Wednesday 6th January Company: Bitfinex Role: CTO & General Counsel
There have been claims that Tether has manipulated the Bitcoin price. Still, JL van der Velde, CEO of both Bitfinex and Tether, denied the allegations stating "Bitfinex nor Tether is, or has ever, engaged in any sort of market or price manipulation. Tether issuances cannot be used to prop up the price of bitcoin or any other coin/token on Bitfinex."
As well as market manipulation there have been calls for a full audit of the Tether reserves amidst claims that the stablecoin is not fully reserved.
In this interview, I talk to Paolo Ardoino & Stuart Hoegner the CTO & General Counsel at Bitfinex. We discuss Tether FUD, the claims of not being fully backed and price manipulation.
Location: Remotely Date: Tuesday 5th January Company: Zap Role: CEO
This week Jack Mallers announced the launch of Strike Global, a Bitcoin neobank that uses the Bitcoin network and lightning to facilitate the sending of money anywhere in the world, in a matter of seconds, for free.
The speed and cost of payments have often been a topic of debate in Bitcoin. While the basechain is necessarily slow, the Lightning Network promises to provide instant and low-cost bitcoin transfers.
With Strike, Jack Mallers is taking this to the next level allowing users to settle in fiat currencies across the Bitcoin network. Fast and no cost transfers of fiat currencies solve problems across the world, especially in third-world countries. Strike aims to run a pilot in El Salvador to prove this.
Strike has also enabled Caroline Panthers Offensive Tackle; Russell Okung to become the first NFL player to be paid in bitcoin, half of his $13 million salary.
In this interview, I talk to Zap CEO Jack Mallers. We discuss the newly launched Strike Global, revolutionising global payments, neobanking with Bitcoin and helping to bank the unbanked in 3rd world countries.
Location: Remotely Date: Tuesday 29th December Company: SkyBridge Capital Role: Founder
SkyBridge Capital is an investment firm, run by Anthony Scaramucci. The firm, which has $9.3 billion under management, has announced a Bitcoin fund, allowing customers to invest in Bitcoin.
SkyBridge is the latest in a growing list of companies creating onramps for institutional exposure to Bitcoin, going up against the likes of Grayscale. The latter already has over half a million Bitcoin under management.
In this interview, I talk to SkyBridge Capital founder Anthony Scaramucci. We discuss the SkyBridge Bitcoin fund, institutional interest, and 11-day stint working for President Trump.
Location: Remotely Date: Wednesday, 30th December Company: Tales from the Crypt Role: Co-Host
2020 has been a defining year for Bitcoin, with the world reeling from a global pandemic, the necessity of hard money is more apparent than ever.
With the worst of the bear market behind us, 2020 looked to be a promising year for Bitcoin. However, in March with the coronavirus outbreak, markets went into freefall and Bitcoin was no exception, dropping over 40% in a day and hitting yearly lows of ~$4,000.
By the time of the halving on May 11th Bitcoin had recovered from this drop. With the increased scarcity and massive amounts of money printing, debasing fiat currencies and the increased threat of high inflation, institutional investors began moving into Bitcoin. With MicroStrategy, Square and MassMutual, amongst others, transferring part of their treasuries into Bitcoin.
While institutional interest in Bitcoin dominated the headlines in 2020, Bitcoin continues to be a powerful tool for freedom, for those who live under oppressive regimes. Notably in Belarus, where government workers are striking in protest against the rigged elections. The Human Rights Foundation have supported them by setting up the Belarus Solidarity Fund. They are using Bitcoin as a censorship-resistant way of getting money to those striking to supplement their lost wages.
To round off 2020, I talk to Matt Odell, co-host of Tales From the Crypt. We discuss everything in Bitcoin in 2020, from price action and institutional investment to government reaction to coronavirus and privacy.
Location: Remotely Date: Friday 18th December Company: lynalden.com Role: Macroeconomist
2020 has been a year unlike any, even before the coronavirus pandemic, the global economy was showing signs of stress. With the outbreak, the spread of the virus and subsequent lockdowns, governments worldwide resorted to unprecedented levels of monetary and fiscal stimulus to keep the flailing economy afloat.
With the record levels of money printing and the ballooning money supply, many earmarked 2020 as the year that Bitcoin could prove itself.
In the last few days, Bitcoin has hit all-time highs of around $24,000, but unlike 2017, it is not just retail investors that have flocked to Bitcoin.
MicroStrategy has paved the way for institutional investors to own Bitcoin by not only converting $450m of their treasury to Bitcoin but raising an additional $650m by way of a convertible senior note sale to buy more Bitcoin.
MicroStrategy, legendary macro investors Paul Tudor Jones and Stanley Druckenmiller have taken positions in Bitcoin, signalling a new era of Bitcoin investors.
In this interview, I am joined by Lyn Alden, a macroeconomist and founder of Lyn Alden Investment Strategy. We discuss the coronavirus pandemic's impact, the increase in the broad money supply, high inflation and institutional investment in Bitcoin.
Location: Remotely Date: Tuesday 22nd December Company: Coin Center Role: Executive Director & Research Director
Steven Mnuchin, the Treasury Secretary of the United States, is looking to implement a new regulation that would require financial institutions to verify the identity of both senders and recipients of any Bitcoin transaction, over $3000.
A few weeks ago, Coinbase CEO, Brian Armstrong tweeted that Mnuchin was looking to 'rush out' new regulation before the end of President Trump's term in office.
This regulation is not without opposition and Coin Center is addressing many concerns with the new rules and the method in which they are being passed.
In this interview, I talk to Jerry Brito and Peter Van Valkenburgh, Coin Center Executive Director and Research Director. We discuss the implications of the new regulations, the key issues and what you can do to prevent them from passing.
Location: Remotely Date: Monday 21st December Company: Block Digest Role: Host
2020 has been a record-breaking year for Bitcoin where we have seen the price reach a new all-time high of over $24,000. Companies like MicroStrategy and Square have paved the way for institutional investors, and mainstream media covers Bitcoin more than ever.
While interest in Bitcoin is continuing to grow, behind the scenes, Bitcoin developers are quietly continuing to push the technology forwards. With improvements like Schnorr signatures and CoinSwap on the horizon and advancements with discrete log contracts and Lightning Lab’s Loop, the technical side of Bitcoin is also thriving.
In this interview, I am joined by Shinobi host of Block Digest. We review the technical side of Bitcoin in 2020, including MuSig, Schnorr & Taproot, discrete log contract, Lightning Labs Loop and CoinSwap.
Location: Remotely Date: Monday 21st December Company: Ledger Role: CEO
In July of this year, Ledger was made aware of a data breach on their website. Their initial statement read: "consisting mostly of email addresses, but with a subset including also contact and order details such as first and last name, postal address, email address and phone number."
Since then customers have been subject to a range of phishing attempts with scammers sending fraudulent emails claiming that their "cryptocurrency assets are at risk", prompting them to download the latest version of Ledger Live. This fake version would then ask for the user's seed words.
To make this data breach worse, what was initially reported by Ledger as 9,500 customers personal details (including physical addresses) was actually over 270,000. Yesterday both that list, along with over one million customer email addresses, was uploaded to RaidForums for anyone to download. Since the dump, there has been an increase in phishing attempts, including a new threat of physical attacks.
In this interview, I talk to Ledger CEO, Pascal Gauthier. We discuss the data breach, their disclosure of the hack, how they communicated with those affected and their plans moving forwards.
Location: Remotely Date: Tuesday 15th December Company: Hypersheet Role: Co-Founder
Bitcoin has had an incredible year. Following the outbreak of the coronavirus, the Bitcoin price crashed to just below $4,000. However, the subsequent government bailouts and money printing has led to many fearing fiat currencies will suffer from high inflation, highlighting the importance of hard money.
Since the lows in March, Bitcoin has gone from strength to strength, particularly on the back of corporate interest. MicroStrategy and Square paved the way for corporations to buy Bitcoin, and others are following.
Over the last couple of days, Bitcoin has rallied to new all-time highs, reaching close to $24,000, but what makes this time different to 2017? And how high could the price go in 2021?
In this interview, I talk to on-chain analyst and the co-founder of Hypersheet; Willy Woo. We discuss the current state of the Bitcoin market, the catalysts for Bitcoin’s rally and what to expect in the coming year.
Location: Remotely Date: Friday 11th December Company: The Rebel Capitalist Show Role: Host
Bitcoin is a revolutionary thing that will potentially have a hugely positive impact on the world. Bitcoiners believe in its ability to change many aspects of the modern world by reducing the role of the state and leading to a more open and free society but this vision isn’t shared by all.
With memes like Bitcoin fixes this applied to everything from central banking to inequality and war, however, for those looking from the outside, does this behaviour look like a religion or cult?
In this interview, I talk to George Gammon, an investor and YouTube host who is “bullish Bitcoin, bearish Bitcoiners”. We discuss his Bitcoin thesis, where he thinks its strengths and weaknesses lie and his thoughts on the Bitcoin community.
Location: Remotely Date: Tuesday 1st December Role: Senator
Wyoming's Cynthia Lummis is the first woman to represent Wyoming in the Senate, not only that; she is the first Bitcoiner ever to make it into the Senate.
Cynthia describes herself as a "libertarian-leaning Republican". She plans to focus on reducing government debt as well as increasing the understanding of Bitcoin within the Senate.
In this interview, we discuss how she became a Bitcoiner, her political goals, the understanding of Bitcoin within the government and the US debt and deficit.
Location: Remotely Date: Thursday 10th December Company: Swan Bitcoin Role: Head of Institutional Investment
When MicroStrategy acquired $425 million of Bitcoin earlier this year, it sent a clear message to corporations everywhere, that Bitcoin is a valuable asset and can be a vital part of a company's treasury.
With an asset as volatile as Bitcoin, this move wasn't without its risks, however, just a few months after piling into Bitcoin, that $425 million is now worth around $750 million.
Now just a few months after first buying Bitcoin, company CEO, Micael Saylor is not happy with the company's 40,824 Bitcoin and now has plans to raise another $550 million to buy more.
In this interview, I talk to Andy Edstrom, the Head of Institutional Investment at Swan Bitcoin. We discuss MicroStrategy's Bitcoin moonshot, ETFs, mass awareness & adoption and the race for corporations to own Bitcoin.
Location: Remotely Date: Monday 23rd November Company: VaynerX Role: CEO
Gary Vaynerchuk is an entrepreneur, author, speaker, and Internet personality who has known about, and owned Bitcoin for a long time, but has yet to go down the Bitcoin rabbit hole.
2020 has highlighted the importance of Bitcoin. We have seen unprecedented monetary and fiscal stimulus as governments try and keep local economies afloat. In response, we have seen institutional investors taking note and corporations adding Bitcoin to their treasuries. The outlook is very bullish; however, the impact of all of this is difficult to comprehend.
In this interview, I am joined by Gary, who asks the big questions; what happens if Bitcoin takes over and how will states react if Bitcoin becomes a threat.
Location: Remotely Date: Monday 16th November Company: Brink Role: Founder
Bitcoin has a market capitalisation of over $300 billion, holding significant value for millions of investors. Yet we all rely on the developer community around the world to protect the network from bugs and attack. The importance of high-quality development and review is paramount to every bitcoiner. However, with no centralised developer fund or company, it can be challenging for developers to find funding.
While there are a handful of companies who actively support Bitcoin development such as Chaincode Labs, Blockstream, Square Crypto, among others, opportunities as a full-time Bitcoin developer are limited.
Recently, companies in the space have started dedicating funds to developers, including Coinbase and Gemini, recognising that the foundations of their businesses rely on this work too.
John Newbery recently left Chaincode Labs to set up a Bitcoin research and development centre. With Brink, John aims to onboard and fund new Bitcoin developers.
In this interview, I talk to John Newbery to discuss his decision to leave Chaincode Labs, funding for open source Bitcoin development, starting Brink and what he is working on developing.
Location: Remotely Date: Thursday 19th November Company: Kraken & ShapeShift Role: Founder/CEO & Head of Growth
Altcoins almost always promise an improvement on Bitcoin, whether that is faster transactions or lower fees, enhanced privacy or some other killer use case. However, this is almost always marketing hype, with altcoins being a history of failure.
For newcomers to Bitcoin, falling into the trap of investing in altcoins is easy. With the price of Bitcoin approaching all-time highs, we will undoubtedly soon see a wave of news coverage and an influx of newcomers to the space.
So, should you avoid altcoins? Bitcoin Maximalists say yes, while many others say no.
In this interview, I talk to Dan Held, the Director of Business Development at Kraken and Erik Voorhees, the founder and CEO of ShapeShift. Dan and Erik debate Bitcoin vs altcoins, DeFi, decentralisation and security.
Location: Remotely Date: Thursday 19th November Company: Swan Bitcoin Role: Director of Marketing
2020 has been a year like no other.
With the outbreak of the coronavirus, large parts of the world went into lockdown in an attempt to contain its spread. The virus has been hugely politicised, and government responses have been polarising.
Amid the outbreak, the death of George Floyd while in police custody sparked one of the most massive protests in history. What started as a peaceful protest escalated and caused looting and violence. Cities across America implemented curfews, and President Trump threatened to use the military to put an end to the unrest.
Most recently, the US election has been marred by controversy. After initially falling behind in the race Joe Biden was declared the winner. However, Trump has so far refused to concede defeat and claims a fraud has been committed on the American people as he attempts to retain power.
While the events of 2020 are unexpected, some predicted this unravelling of the world order. In 1996 Neil Howe and William Strauss released their book The Fourth Turning which suggests that every 80-90 years a crisis recurs known as the Fourth Turning.
With the Great Depression in the ’30s followed by the Second World War marking the previous crisis period, some think we may be witnessing the next one.
In this interview, I talk to Brandon Quittem, a writer and advisor for Swan Bitcoin. We discuss the Fourth Turning, each 90-year cycle, individualism vs collectivism and the role that Bitcoin plays.
Location: Remotely Date: Wednesday 18th November Company: USC Marshall School of Business Role: Adjunct Professor of Finance
After dropping to lows of ~$4000 when markets went into freefall following the coronavirus outbreak, Bitcoin has bounced back to a near to all-time high of ~$18,500.
The impact of the pandemic on the economy has been a massive increase in government borrowing and money printing. This response has highlighted the importance of scarce assets which can't be debased.
Gold has historically been the safe-haven asset that money flows into during times of uncertainty. However, many are now turning to Bitcoin, and it is quickly eating into gold's market share.
In a world of fiat currencies, gold and the impending rise of central bank digital currencies, where does Bitcoin fit?
Nik Bhatia has written Layered Money a book looking into this that will be released early in 2021. We discuss his book, where Bitcoin fits in the monetary system, the history of government control over money and central bank digital currencies.
Location: Squadcast Date: Thursday 12th November Company: Messari Crypto Role: Co-Founder
With the Bitcoin pricing sitting at around $17.5K, up from $4k in March, Bitcoin has had an incredible year.
With institutional investors starting to take note, unprecedented monetary and fiscal policy highlighting the importance of sound money and corporations adding Bitcoin to their treasuries, the outlook is very bullish.
With such a rapidly evolving market, it is hard to keep track of everything that is happening. To help with this Dan McArdle has created CaseBitcoin; a website that compiles information and resources on the different value propositions of Bitcoin, its price history in comparison to critical markets & traditional assets and provides a library of some of the best articles and literature on Bitcoin.
In this interview, I am joined by the creator of casebitcoin.com, Dan McArdle. We discuss the current bull market, comparisons to 2017, the current economic climate and how newcomers to Bitcoin can navigate the space.
Location: Squadcast Date: Wednesday 11th November Company: Pantera Capital & Galaxy Digital Role: Co-Founder, CEO & Founder, CEO
2020 has been a year, unlike any other. With the coronavirus pandemic bringing the world to a standstill, the global economy is under significant pressure. Governments have needed to take action, and we have seen unprecedented levels of fiscal and monetary stimulus.
The current economic outlook highlights the bullish case for Bitcoin, and large institutions are beginning to take action. Microstrategy made the bold first move and put $425million of their treasury into Bitcoin. Michael Saylor's bold move sent a message to CEOs all over the world and shortly after Square followed suit with a $50million Bitcoin purchase.
So how seriously are institutions taking Bitcoin? And will we see a wave of institutional investment?
In this interview, I talk to veteran investors Dan Morehead, co-founder & CEO of Pantera Capital and Mike Novogratz, founder & CEO of Galaxy Digital. We discuss their first Bitcoin purchase, institutional interest & what they expect from Bitcoin in the coming years.
Location: Squadcast Date: Monday 9th November Project: No Agenda Podcast Role: Co-Host
Adam Curry, along with Dave Winer are credited as the creators of podcasting in the early 2000s. The idea of allowing anyone to broadcast over the internet in an unfiltered and uncensored manner was revolutionary.
For nearly two decades, podcasting has grown into an industry, which Business Insider predicts will be worth $1billion by 2021.
With the meteoric rise in podcasting, some podcasts are attracting more followers than mainstream TV shows, for example, Joe Rogan regularly receives more than 10 million listeners per show.
Advertisers wanting exposure to these audiences is the most common way to monetise podcasting. Adam Curry wants to move away from revenue driven by advertising which he believes is a form of censorship. Again Adam is attempting to revolutionise podcasting with Podcast Index that will, optionally, allow micropayments via Lightning Network to reward podcasters for their content.
In this interview, I talk to the podfather Adam Curry. We discuss the origins of podcasting, COVID-19 & vaccinations, de-platforming & cancel culture and utilising the Lightning Network for podcast micropayments.
Location: Squadcast Date: Tuesday 3rd November Project: Amber Role: CEO
The sound money properties of Bitcoin attract those interested in Austrian Economics and Libertarianism; in fact, Libertarians were one of the earliest groups of people to adopt Bitcoin and truly understand its importance and value.
Since I've gone down the Bitcoin rabbit hole, Libertarianism has been something that I have paid close attention to on the show. The arguments for an anarchist society are compelling; however, one thing that I have always struggled with is how an anarchist society would work and how we would transition to this from a democratic society.
In this interview, I talk to Aleks Svetski, a Libertarian who has written several articles outlining how he thinks an anarchist society would work. We discuss libertarianism, democratic v anarchist societies and the erosion of individual freedoms.
Location: Squadcast Date: Tuesday 3rd November
In July, I tweeted that I would bet anyone $5,000 that Trump would lose the 2020 election. American Hodl took me up on the bet, and with the help of Phil Geiger we each deposited 0.5 BTC into a multisig.
With the election this week, I caught up with American HODL three times, before, during and after the election to discuss everything that is happening.
While Joe Biden went into the election as the clear favourite, according to the polls, it wasn’t long before the narrative switched and by the early hours of election day UK time, Trump looked sure to win.
The following morning, as the results of mail-in ballots hit the counts, the election swung back in favour of Biden. With Wisconsin and Michigan flipping democrat and Pennsylvania threatening to do the same, Biden looks like he may win the race to the Whitehouse.
The election has not been without drama, with accusations from Donald Trump and his supporters of fraud. Now legal challenges are being submitted, and the path to a decision is unclear.
In this interview, American HODL and I catch up before, during & after the US Election. We follow the ups and downs of election night, Trump threatening legal action in various states, demanding recounts and what happens between now and the inauguration.
Location: Squadcast Date: Thursday 29th October Company: Real Vision Role: Co-Founder & CEO
The Bretton Woods agreement was created in 1944, following the end of the Second World War. The agreement pegged the US Dollar to gold, with other nations pegging their currencies to the dollar. The agreement was an attempt to stabilise economies after the devastation of the war.
The IMF recently released an article in which they called the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic a “new Bretton Woods moment.” Suggesting that the pandemic’s effect on the economy and the substantial fiscal stimulus required may be too hard to come back from without change.
The IMF announcement happened in the shadow of central banks around the world looking more and more at issuing their digital currencies. These Central Bank Digital Currencies, known as CBDCs, will give more power to the state over the control and flow of money. While this control does offer some benefits, they do also increase surveillance and reduce monetary freedoms.
Are we in the midst of a revolution in money? And what does it mean for Bitcoin?
In this interview, I am joined by Raoul Pal, macroeconomist and co-founder & CEO of Real Vision. We discuss the IMF considering a new Bretton Woods type system, central banks issuing digital currencies and what this means for Bitcoin.
Location: Squadcast Date: Wednesday 14th October Company: Prime Trust Role: Chief Product Officer
Over the last few years, neobanks and fintech companies such as Cash App, Revolut, Venmo (amongst others) have grown hugely in popularity, with many choosing to step away from traditional banking and jump on this new wave in finance.
Neobanks offer features that you cannot access in the traditional finance world. Along with quick and more effortless transactions, many services allow you to invest in stocks, commodities and Bitcoin (and other cryptocurrencies), from within their apps.
So, what impact will exposing hundreds of millions of people to Bitcoin have?
Prime Trust is one of the companies behind that help these fintech businesses operate, and in this interview, I talk to Kevin Lehtiniitty, their Chief Product Officer. We discuss financial censorship, the outdated legacy infrastructure in the US, neobanking and the role of bitcoin in the future of financial applications.
Location: Squadcast Date: Friday 25rd September Company: Blockstream Role: Lightning Network Developer
Bitcoiners can be firm in their views and are often called toxic by outsiders; however, this toxicity plays an important role. Bitcoin is a threat to the legacy financial system. It is therefore open to a broad range of attacks from technical to social and Bitcoin's immune system defends against these attacks to protect the protocol.
In previous episodes, I have looked at the pros and cons of toxicity and how it acts as an immune system for Bitcoiner. Does this immune system lead to silly narratives going unchallenged? Can Bitcoin fix everything or are we missing critical nuanced debates regarding its potential?
Rusty Russell is somewhat of a contrarian in the Bitcoin space. He is a lightning network developer for Blockstream but also runs the Shit Bitcoiners Say Twitter account which regularly calls out some of the more overzealous and outlandish claims by Bitcoiners.
In this interview, Rusty and I discuss the lightning network, open-source development, narratives and overzealous Bitcoiners.
Location: Squadcast Date: Tuesday 20th October Company: Gemini Role: Co-Founders
In August, Cameron and Tyler Winklevoss released The Case for $500K Bitcoin. A paper that outlines the value proposition of Bitcoin, why it is a superior store of value and hedge against inflation than either gold, oil and the US dollar.
In the paper, they describe the world as ‘drowning in debt’, even before the coronavirus outbreak, and predict that the pandemic may cause everyone to come face to face with the reality of debt spiralling out of control.
While the impact on the world may be scary for the broader economy, the twins outline Bitcoin as a major winner in this scenario and predict Bitcoin’s market cap to grow from its current market capitalisation (approx. $225 billion) to that of gold (approx. $9 trillion). With the price of a Bitcoin at around $550K.
We discuss their paper, why Bitcoin is the best hedge against inflation, the debt reckoning and Wall Street investing in Bitcoin.
Location: Squadcast Date: Thursday 17th September Role: Bitcoin Core Developer
Due to the decentralised nature of Bitcoin, committing to becoming a full-time core developer comes with challenges. While the Bitcoin network is worth over $200 billion, there is no central development fund to ensure that developers are working full time on the protocol.
While there are numerous independent contributors, many developers rely on support from a growing number of companies such as Chaincode Labs, Blockstream, Lightning Labs and a handful of others who fund work on the protocol.
In this interview, I talk to Bitcoin Core Developer Amiti Uttarwar. We discuss her residency at Chaincode Labs, contributing to Bitcoin Core, working on open source projects and the blacklist controversy.
Location: Squadcast Date: Monday 7th September Company: Bitfinex Role: CTO
Bitfinex is one of the oldest and largest Bitcoin exchanges. Since 2014, the exchange has had to endure multiple hacks, including at $60 million theft in 2016.
iFinex, the parent company of Bitfinex, also oversees Tether. Tether is the largest stablecoin, regularly facilitating over $50 billion in daily trading volume and is supported by close to 150 exchanges. It too isn't without its controversies, there have been calls to audit Tether to prove that it is fully reserved and there are claims ether printing has been used to manipulate the markets.
Despite the controversies, the Bitfinex and Tether teams have been instrumental in supporting the growth of Bitcoin.
In this interview, I talk to Paolo Ardoino the CTO of Bitfinex. We discuss how Bitfinex dealt with the exchange hacks, protecting against future attacks, Tether, the Lightning Network and funding Bitcoin projects.
Location: Squadcast Date: Thursday 8th October Company: MicroStrategy Role: CEO
In August, MicroStrategy made the bold move of purchasing 21,454 Bitcoin to add to their treasury, spending $250 million. In doing so, CEO Michael Saylor stated that he views Bitcoin as a "dependable store of value and an attractive investment asset with more long-term appreciation potential than holding cash".
The next month MicroStrategy announced that they had doubled down on their conviction in Bitcoin and acquired an additional 16,796 Bitcoin, taking their total spend to $425 million. This move sent a clear message to businesses everywhere that Bitcoin is a valuable asset and can be a key part of a company's treasury.
Following in the footsteps of Microstrategy, last week Square announced that they too had added Bitcoin to their treasury with the purchase of 4,709 Bitcoin for ~$50 million.
In the second part of my interview with Michael Saylor, the CEO of Microstrategy, we discuss his Bitcoin value proposition, his view on maximalism and alts, privacy, decentralisation and the Bitcoin circular economy.
Location: Squadcast Date: Thursday 8th October Company: MicroStrategy Role: CEO
In August, MicroStrategy made the bold move of purchasing 21,454 Bitcoin to add to their treasury, spending $250 million. In doing so, CEO Michael Saylor stated that he views Bitcoin as a "dependable store of value and an attractive investment asset with more long-term appreciation potential than holding cash".
The next month MicroStrategy announced that they had doubled down on their conviction in Bitcoin and acquired an additional 16,796 Bitcoin, taking their total spend to $425 million. This move sent a clear message to businesses everywhere that Bitcoin is a valuable asset and can be a key part of a company's treasury.
Following in the footsteps of Microstrategy, last week Square announced that they too had added Bitcoin to their treasury with the purchase of 4,709 Bitcoin for ~$50 million.
In this interview, I talk to Michael Saylor, the CEO of Microstrategy. We discuss their Bitcoin purchase, where his conviction in Bitcoin came from, Square buying Bitcoin and the process of adding Bitcoin to a public companies treasury.
Location: Squadcast Date: Thursday 24th September Company: BHB Network & Blockstream Role: Director & Marketing Director
Bitcoin can be a toxic place. Ask the wrong question or fall on the wrong side of an argument; the community can be vicious in its response. It is a daunting place with Bitcoiners not only clashing with altcoin projects but with each other regarding Bitcoin ideas too. Rarely a day passes without a fight of some kind exploding on Twitter.
However, toxicity plays an important role. Bitcoin is a threat to the legacy financial system, and being decentralised; anyone can contribute. Bitcoin is therefore open to a broad range of attacks from technical to social and Bitcoin's immune system defends against these attacks to protect the protocol.
Segwit2x highlighted how a group might choose to co opt Bitcoin with dangerous consequences. Radical scepticism is levelled against other projects, people and companies to ensure that no outside party can have a negative influence on the future of the best money we have ever had.
So, what are the positives and negatives of toxicity in Bitcoin? When does toxicity cross the line and are there any unintended consequences?
In this interview, I am joined by Bitcoin consultant and educator Giacomo Zucco and Neil Woodfine, Marketing Director for Blockstream. We discuss toxic Bitcoin maximalism, unintended consequences and politics within Bitcoin.
Location: Squadcast Date: Wednesday 30th September Company: Human Rights Foundation & BYSOL Role: Chief Strategy Officer
Belarus is in the midst of massive protests, sparked in August by an election win for the long time leader of the country, Alexander Lukashenko. Lukashenko has been in power since the first presidential election in Belarus in 1994 when the country gained independence from the Soviet Union. The constitution following independence limited presidents to two terms but Lukashenko fought to change this and has remained in power since.
Following the disputed election on August 9th hundreds of thousands of people have taken to the streets claiming Lukashenko rigged the election results. Opposition leader Svetlana Tikhanovskaya is claiming that she is the rightful president with reports that she had won 60-70% of the votes.
These marches have become violent with Lukashenko's state security forces using rubber bullets, tear gas and extreme brutality against the protesters.
Protestors are targeting state infrastructure by striking. To support those standing up to the regime, the Human Rights Foundation has set up a Belarus Solidarity Fund. They are using Bitcoin as a censorship-resistant way of getting money to those striking to supplement their lost wages.
In this interview, I talk to Alex Gladstein the Chief Strategy Officer at The Human Rights Foundation and Jaraslau Likhachevski from BYSOL We discuss the political situation in Belarus, the protests and how Bitcoin is helping activists.
Location: Squadcast Date: Tuesday 22nd September Company: Unchained Capital, Parallax Digital & Senior Software Engineer Role: Head of Business Development, Founder & Peach
If you ask 100 people what Bitcoin is, you will likely get 100 different answers. Whether it is a medium of exchange, gold 2.0, a hedge against inflation or purely as a speculative asset, all of these answers are valid.
The decentralised nature of Bitcoin means that it has no owner and no single leader who decides what it is or how to use it. Bitcoin is an entirely personal experience based on the needs of the individual. As such, since its inception in 2009, Bitcoin has had many narratives.
Championed initially as being a tool for digital commerce, with the advent of the Silk Road and other dark markets it's censorship-resistant property grew in popularity. More recently, Bitcoin is widely considered as gold 2.0 and a must-have asset to protect your wealth against inflation.
With the absence of a central narrative, infighting is typical in Bitcoin, most notably in 2017 with the contentious Bitcoin Cash fork over what some believed the purpose that Bitcoin should serve. However, central to Bitcoin is its permissionless nature and therefore any Bitcoiner can choose to use it however they wish.
In this interview, I am joined by Parker Lewis, Robert Breedlove and Vijay Boyapati to answer the question: what is Bitcoin? We discuss the use cases, what money is, institutional investors and the path to hyperbitcoinisation.
Location: Squadcast Date: Wednesday 23rd September Company: Ark Investment Management Role: Thematic Analyst
Before the advent Bitcoin, financial systems operated based on trust. Central banks, government-issued fiat money and payment processors all rely on trusted third parties. Relying on trust-based systems leaves the user vulnerable to decisions that do not necessarily benefit them, from inflation of the money to supply to the censoring of transactions.
Bitcoin changes this.
With Bitcoin, there is a fixed supply and rigid monetary policy, and the rules of the system can't be changed at the whim of a small group of people. Add to this the ability to truly custody your wealth; it is clear to see why Bitcoin is so revolutionary.
Not everyone has been quick to pick up on Bitcoin. Many institutional investors are still sceptical for many reasons, from the old defunct arguments that Bitcoin is for criminals and terrorists to concerns around price volatility. However, there are signs that institutions are beginning to shift their thinking, highlighted by MicroStrategy's recent decision to move $425 million of their treasury into Bitcoin.
In this interview, I talk to Yassine Elmandjra, a Thematic Analyst at Ark Investment, who recently published two whitepapers on Bitcoin. We discuss trust-based v trust minimised systems, property rights and institutional investment in Bitcoin.
Location: Squadcast Date: Wednesday 23rd September Company: Kraken Financial & Kraken Role: CEO & Chief Legal Officer
Last week Kraken announced that the Wyoming Banking Board had voted in favour of the exchange's application for a banking charter under Wyoming's Special Purpose Depository Institution statute. This charter makes Kraken the first cryptocurrency company to gain banking status.
Receiving the banking charter opens traditional rails in the finance world that had previously been unavailable to the exchange, and in turn, will lead to the development of a range of innovative new banking services.
In this interview, I talk to Kraken Financial CEO David Kinitsky and Kraken's Chief Legal Officer Marco Santori. We discuss the creation of a crypto bank, what it will mean to both the industry and Kraken customers and why they chose Wyoming.
Location: Squadcast Date: Monday 21st September Company: lynalden.com Role: Macroeconomist
When COVID-19 struck, governments across the world implemented unprecedented stimulus packages to help what were already fragile economies, which had never fully recovered from the 2008 global financial crisis.
While the economy moves in short-term 5-10 year cycles, a larger multi-decade cycle appears to be coming to an end. As governments pursue further rounds of quantitive easing, debt to GDP levels are heading towards what Lyn calls the event horizon, where debt to GDP is over 130% and currency devaluation is the most likely outcome.
Holding cash through a currency devaluation risks losing purchasing power as governments increase the money supply to service debt, thus scarce assets such as gold and Bitcoin are a safe haven.
In this interview, I talk to Lyn Alden, a macroeconomist and founder of Lyn Alden Investment Strategy. We discuss the current state of the economy, monetary and fiscal policy debt cycles and if we should expect currency devaluation.
Location: Squadcast Date: Wednesday 9th September Company: FFTT, LLC Role: Founder
In 1971 Nixon announced that the US would sever all ties between the dollar and gold and would no longer convert dollars to gold at a fixed value of $35/oz, putting an end to any remnants of a gold standard and ushering in a new era in finance.
This new system led to decades of excessive risk-taking, cheap credit and questionable incentive structures. In 2008, the new system came crashing down when the US housing bubble burst and in turn, sent the entire world into the worst financial crisis since the great depression.
To manage the economic crash, central banks pushed quantitative easing to stimulate the economy, but now, 12 years later, the world's economy is again teetering on the edge.
The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the fragility of the global economy. With decades of currency debasement, investors are turning to scarce assets such as gold and Bitcoin to hedge the risk of inflation.
In this interview, I talk to macroeconomist and founder of FFTT, LLC Luke Gromen. We discuss the current macroeconomic climate, how the system that has been in place for the last 50 years is coming to an end and why we need Bitcoin.
Location: Squadcast Date: Wednesday 19th August Company: Casa Role: CEO & CTO
One of the earliest lessons for a new Bitcoiner is the security of your Bitcoin. If you lose your private keys or someone hacks you, it is almost certain you will never see that bitcoin again.
Protecting your private keys is one of the first concepts for anyone holding Bitcoin to master. It is the basic building block for becoming self-sovereign, separating your wealth from the legacy financial system.
There is no one way to secure your private keys, and bitcoin holders have a wealth of options available to them, but building a robust security solution which protects you against every possible scenario requires planning.
Casa is a company that specialises in security and offers multisig solutions that help robustly secure your bitcoin while retaining custody.
In this interview, I talk to Nick Neuman and Jameson Lopp, Casa CEO and CTO. We discuss how to secure your Bitcoin, the types of attacks that you need to be aware of and Casa’s multisig solutions.
On 24th & 25th September The Human Rights Foundation hold their annual Oslo Freedom Forum. With COVID this event will be virtual for the first time ever. To register for the event and find out more go to https://oslofreedomforum.com/.
Location: Squadcast Date: Thursday 3rd September Company: aantonop.com Role: Speaker, Author & Educator
Some of the most vocal people in the Bitcoin community are highly technical, anarcho-capitalist libertarians, drawn to Bitcoin for its sound money properties. Some have a vision that Bitcoin will change many aspects of the modern world by reducing the role of the state and leading to a more open and free society, but is this vision shared by all?
While it has been essential to protect the Bitcoin protocol from attacks by nefarious parties, has this immune system evolved into ideas beyond Bitcoin which become counter-productive to Bitcoin adoption?
In a space with more than its fair share of scams and people with questionable intentions, some people play an important role in calling these out and protecting investors. However, some Bitcoiners hold others to a very high standard on other political and ideological issues which can create an intimidating environment.
Is Bitcoin an apolitical tool for the censorship-resistant transfer of wealth, or is it a weapon for a political revolution?
Recently, I asked the question on Twitter “What is an xPub”? As someone who is not very technical, this seemed to be a reasonable question, however, I received a lot of backlash from the more technical Bitcoiners. Are there a set of core principles that Bitcoiners should hold and if so, how are these defined, or are these principles just representative of one sub-community within Bitcoin?
In this interview, I talk to Bitcoin Speaker, Author & Educator; Andreas M. Antonopoulos. We discuss toxicity in the Bitcoin community, the steps to better Bitcoin privacy and what an xPub is.
Location: Squadcast Date: Thursday 3rd September Company: Blockstream, MIT Digital Currency Initiative, Ethereum, PISA Research Role: Director of Research, Research Scientist, Founder, Co-founder & CEO
In my recent Bitcoin Vs Ethereum show, I was joined by Samson Mow and Vitalik Buterin to discuss the philosophical differences between Bitcoin and Ethereum.
For me, the fundamental differences between the two are quite clear, where Bitcoin is conservative and slow, focusing on sound monetary policy, Ethereum is inflationary, experimental and has, what many consider unachievable goals.
Following the debate about the philosophical differences I was keen to expand the conversation into the technical differences between the two networks.
In this episode, I am joined by Andrew Poelstra, Tadge Dryja and Vitalik Buterin and Patrick McCorry. With Paddy as co-host, we discuss the fundamental and technical differences between Bitcoin and Ethereum, scalability and use cases.
Location: Squadcast Date: Wednesday 2nd September Company: Independent Trader, Entrepreneur & Author, The Investors Podcast Role: Bitcoin Quant Analyst, Independent & Host
When Plan released his revised Stock-to-Flow model as a Cross Asset Model (S2FX), he added a new concept: phase transitions. This revision to the model takes into consideration the evolution of Bitcoin’s use and meaning, as such, from proof of concept to payments to e-gold to a financial asset.
Following the halving in May, many have speculated what the next transitional phase would be for Bitcoin, with the model predicting the price of Bitcoin potentially reaching $288K.
With Bitcoin being a provably scarce asset, in times of unprecedented money printing and fiat currency debasement, the bull case for Bitcoin is clear. However, in August, MicroStrategy sent a clear message to businesses everywhere, when in August they announced their purchase of 21,454 Bitcoin, over 1% of the total supply.
MicroStrategy CEO Michael Saylor said that they view Bitcoin as a “dependable store of value and an attractive investment asset with more long-term appreciation potential than holding cash”. Other companies have started following MicroStrategy by holding Bitcoin within their treasury.
Could companies holding Bitcoin to protect their cash reserves be the next phased transition for Bitcoin?
In this interview, I talk to Bitcoin quant analyst & creator of the stock to flow model, Plan₿, author of The Price of Tomorrow Jeff Booth & author, engineer & the host of The Investor Podcast, Preston Pysh. We discuss how Bitcoin S2F is entering phase 5.
Location: Squadcast Date: Monday 31st August Company: INX, Casa, Blockstream Role: Executive Managing Director, CTO, Chief Strategy Officer
Last week INX launched their token offering, a first of its kind, a security token approved by the US Securities and Exchange Commission.
INX is a trading platform bringing regulated and digital asset opportunities to institutions and retail investors. Their token offering allows investors to gain pro rata distributions from the companies cumulative adjusted operating cash flow. Controversially the token was launched on the Ethereum blockchain.
The project already has its detractors and critics, with the advisory board catching direct criticism with accusations of hypocrisy, specifically Jameson Lopp and Samson Mow.
While many Bitcoiners have expressed their opinions against the project, others have thrown their support behind it, believing that INX is a legitimate use of a token.
In this interview, I talk to Alan Silbert, Jameson Lopp and Samson Mow about the launch of INX. We discuss why they chose to tokenise on Ethereum, what makes something a shitcoin and the key criticisms directed towards them.
Location: Squadcast Date: Monday 24th Aug Company: Independent Role: Developer and Consultant, Bitcoin Activist
A deep divide exists between the Bitcoin and Ethereum communities. Bitcoin is conservative and slow and appeals to people who value sound money, censorship resistance and decentralisation. The Ethereum mindset is to "move fast and break things" with broader goals that many Bitcoiners see as flawed and impossible to achieve.
Following my recent episode with Samson Mow and Vitalik Buterin, the responses demonstrated the split in these two communities. Finding impartial voices able to consider the arguments from both camps objectively is challenging, so I asked Udi Wertheimer to come on the show and dissect the interview with me.
We discuss the Bitcoin Maximalist mindset, flaws with the Ethereum protocol and the supplygate saga.
Location: Squadcast Date: Wednesday 5th August Company: N/A Role: N/A
Throughout 2019 and early 2020, the global economy was signalling fragility. However, with the rapid spread of COVID19 and the resulting lockdowns, the global economy is heading into a deep recession.
As governments have worked to control the virus, economies are opening back up. Across the world, governments are facing the challenge of stimulating these faltering economies while managing localised lockdowns.
The Fed announced a new effort to support the economy, including programmes for small and medium-sized businesses, via Main Street lending, however, banks are still, seemingly, reluctant to offer loans.
In this interview, I talk to anonymous Twitter account FEDUPBIZOWNER. We discuss COVID's impact on the lending markets if the banks are facing an insolvency crisis, why stock markets are hitting all-time highs and hedging with gold and Bitcoin.
Location: Squadcast Date: Wednesday 12th August Company: Wasabi Wallet Role: Contributor
Many newcomers to Bitcoin mistakenly think of it as private, but the truth is far more complicated than that. While it is possible to use Bitcoin with a high level of privacy, it has been complicated by the growth in regulations.
Exchanges must enforce KYC in most jurisdictions to allow them to retain their banking services, while chain analysis is increasingly used to flag transactions deemed illicit.
While privately utilising Bitcoin is becoming harder, there are many tools available for Bitcoiners to reclaim their privacy. One of them is Wasabi wallet, best known for CoinJoin, a method which allows users to increase their Bitcoin anonymity.
In this interview, I talk to Wasabi wallet contributor Max Hillebrand. We discuss remaining anonymous while using Bitcoin, Wasabi wallet & CoinJoin, custodian solutions and living a Bitcoin-only life.
Location: Squadcast Date: Wednesday 12th August Company: The Cryptoconomy & WTFhappenedin1971.com Role: Host & Creators
Modern Monetary Theory is a relatively new school of economic thought. MMT suggests that if governments carefully control inflation, then they should not be concerned with increasing levels of debt.
The views of MMT proponents is in stark contrast to the views held by most Bitcoiners who often favour Austrian economics, which Bitcoin’s monetary policy and fixed supply align closely.
Following my recent interview, with Stephanie Kelton, who put forward what she sees as the benefits to MMT, I wanted to follow up with a panel of Austrian economics proponents to look at the potential flaws in this system.
In this episode, I talk to fellow podcaster Guy Swann, as well as Ben Prentice and Collin, creators of WTFhappenedin1971.com. We discuss Modern Monetary Theory, Austrian economics, and MicroStrategy buying Bitcoin.
Location: Squadcast Date: Thursday 13th August Company: Blockstream & Ethereum Role: Chief Strategy Officer & Founder
The Bitcoin community can be a very hostile place, in an industry that has more than its fair share of scams and questionable projects it often falls at the feet of Bitcoiners to call them out.
In many ways, Ethereum is the antithesis of Bitcoin. Whereas Bitcoin is slow and conservative in its goals and development, the ethos of Ethereum is to ‘move fast and break things’. These philosophical differences often lead to fiery debates between the two communities.
Over the past few days, a new debate was sparked by the seeming inability to verify the total supply of Ethereum. Supplygate has divided the two communities again with many Bitcoiners believing that the ability to audit the supply should be one of the fundamental principles of a money system. With Bitcoin, it is the monetary policy which gives it value over fiat, therefore having a fixed supply and the ability for anyone to run a node and audit the supply is critical.
Believers in Ethereum argue that Ethereum’s value proposition is different and that difficulty of getting consensus around the total supply is not a significant issue.
During this debate Chief Strategy Officer at Blockstream, Samson Mow, and Ethereum creator Vitalik Buterin traded blows on Twitter. I asked them to come on the show and discuss the philosophical differences between Ethereum vs Bitcoin.
Location: Zoom Date: Wednesday 5th July Company: Blockstream, BHB Network, Zap & Strike, Tales from the Crypt & Rabbit Hole Recap, Castle Island Ventures Role: Director of Research, Director, Founder, Co-Host, Partner
For my 250th show special, I asked some of my favourite Bitcoiners to join me for a panel discussion. In this episode, Andrew Poelstra, Giacomo Zucco, Jack Mallers, Matt Odell, Nic Carter and myself discuss all things Bitcoin.
Over the last three years, I have had a huge array of guests from cypherpunks, developers, economists, libertarians, activists, Wall Street veterans and punk rock legends all with one thing in common; Bitcoin.
In this episode, to celebrate What Bitcoin Did’s 250th show, I asked some of my previous guests to tell me one thing about Bitcoin, that matters to them.
Location: Zoom Date: Wednesday 5th July Project: The Yaron Brook Show Role: Host
Ayn Rand was a Russian-American philosopher and author who developed a philosophical system known as Objectivism.
Objectivism has many similarities with Libertarianism, both believe in non-aggression as well as capitalism via a genuinely free market; however, the critical area they differ on is the role of a central government.
While many libertarians believe anarchy is the only way of overcoming government overreach, objectivists believe in a limited government.
In this interview, I talk to Yaron Brook, host of the Yaron Brook Show and Chairman of the Ayn Rand Institute. We discuss the differences between libertarianism and objectivism, how an Objectivist society would work and Bitcoin.
Location: Zoom Date: Monday 27th July Company: Start9 Labs Role: CEO/Co-Founder & Co-Founder/Head of Engineering
The birth of the internet caused one of the most significant cultural shifts in human history. Global communication and information sharing has allowed for considerable advancements in society, and it is integral to the world we live in today. However, it is not all positive; the internet sucks up vast amounts of personal data which is then sold and exploited.
There are many ways your data is used against you from targeted advertising to voter manipulation, and Tim Berners Lee, the creator of the internet, cited the loss of control of our personal data as one of his biggest concerns regarding the current state of the internet.
By utilising encryption tools and browsers like Tor, you can still retain your privacy while using the internet, but it is not straight forward. Start9 are changing this.
In this interview, I talk to Matt and Aaron from Start9. We discuss the growing demand for a private internet, retaining control of personal data, encryption and why bitcoin is fundamental to all of this.
Location: Zoom Date: Sunday 2nd August Company: The Pomp Podcast Role: Host
The benefits of holding a scarce asset have never been more apparent. All over the world, central banks have been printing money at an unprecedented rate to attempt to stimulate faltering economies.
With the outbreak of coronavirus and subsequent lockdowns in March, the majority of markets crashed. Bitcoin was no different, hitting local lows of ~$4,000. Since then Bitcoin has rallied and is currently sitting at ~$11,000.
The price action and current economic conditions have led many to believe we are at the beginning of a bull market like the one we saw in 2016/2017.
In this interview, I talk to Anthony Pompliano, founder and partner at Morgan Creek Capital and the host of the Pomp podcast. We discuss his recent interview with Roger Ver, the economic impact of the coronavirus & the Bitcoin bull market.
Location: Zoom Date: Wednesday 29th July Company: Stony Brook University Role: Professor of Economics and Public Policy
With the abandonment of the gold standard in the early 20th century, there has been nothing to limit the amount of money a central bank can print, leading to a rapid rise in national debts. In the US debt alone, the national debt stands at $26.5 trillion, and the growth is accelerating.
While conventional economic theory would suggest this ever-growing debt is dangerous as it can lead to uncontrollable rises in inflation and a devaluing of the dollar, there is a newer school of thought; Modern Monetary Theory which makes a different argument. MMT suggests that governments should not be concerned with increasing debt, arguing the only risk is inflation, which is controllable.
MMT is the antithesis to the Austrian school of thought that aligns with Bitcoin’s monetary policy of fixed supply and deflationary issuance.
In this interview, I talk to Stephanie Kelton, professor of economics and public policy at Stony Brook University. We discuss the benefits of modern monetary theory, why increased spending may not lead to inflation, national debt and money printing.
Location: Zoom Date: Tuesday 21st July Company: hardmoneyfilm.com Role: Film Maker
Some of the earliest forms of money included seashells and glass beads before people discovered precious metals and began trading using silver and gold. Anything can be a medium of exchange, but the forms of money that have stood the test of time are scarce.
We are now in the era of fiat money; government-controlled, paper money, with no intrinsic value or backing. Fiat money is easy to produce, and with that, there is a huge incentive for governments to keep printing more of it. They do this for several reasons from bailing out business to providing economic stimulus when their policies have failed.
Throughout history, gold has been the hardest form of money, until 2009, when Satoshi Nakamoto created Bitcoin. With a fixed supply of 21 million and a controlled issuance, Bitcoin is the hardest money we have ever seen.
In this interview, I talk to Richard James, the creator of Hard Money, a film looking at how money has been corrupted and co-opted. We discuss Austrian economics, the similarities between gold and Bitcoin, Hard Money and modern art.
Location: Zoom Date: Thursday 23rd July Company: Coinbase Role: Co-Founder & CEO
Coinbase is amongst the largest and most established Bitcoin companies in the world, and it has secured itself as one of the most accessible places to buy and sell Bitcoin. Its latest round of funding valued Coinbase at $8.1 billion, and there are rumours that the company plans to be listed on a U.S stock exchange later this year.
Forbes recently called Coinbase ‘Bitcoin’s Guardian Angel’ and claimed it would make ‘crypto safe for all’; however, the view within the Bitcoin community is quite different. Coinbase has come under heavy scrutiny in recent years, most notably for their $13.5 million acquisition of blockchain intelligence company Neutrino. Following this acquisition, it was revealed that the Neutrino founders were involved in the Hacking Team, a team of people who reportedly sold surveillance tools to governments, including authoritarian regimes. With this news, #deletecoinbase was trending on bitcoin twitter, putting CEO Brian Armstrong under considerable pressure to fire the team.
More recently, Coinbase again sparked controversy when The Block reported that the company agreed to sell blockchain analysis software to The Secret Service and the IRS, and was planning a similar deal with the DEA.
In this interview, I talk to Brian Armstrong, CEO and Co-Founder of Coinbase. We discuss the difficulties in running a large startup, regulations, the Neutrino acquisition & providing analytics to government agencies with Coinbase Analytics.
Location: Zoom Date: Monday 13th July
Bitcoin is the most significant disruption to money the world has seen in hundreds of years. It takes power away from centralised parties, and it allows any individual to be entirely self-sovereign and operate in an open system uncontrollable and uncensorable by anyone.
Bitcoin is punk rock!
Punk was not just about music; it was a movement that fought for personal freedom and individualism while remaining staunchly anti-establishment.
Keith Levene is a punk legend and was a founding member of iconic band The Clash and co-founded Public Image Ltd alongside former Sex Pistol, John Lydon.
With the alignment of punk and Bitcoin, it is not surprising that Keith Levene is a Bitcoiner, and a couple of months ago Keith reached out to me and told me he was a regular listener of the show.
In this interview, we discuss the early days of punk rock, the similarities between punk and Bitcoin and why he cares about Bitcoin.
Location: Zoom Date: Wednesday 15th July Role: CEO and Chief Global Strategist
The reasons to hold either gold or Bitcoin are similar, yet the two assets possess different tradeoffs and risks. Bitcoiners often refer to Bitcoin as digital gold or gold 2.0, as they consider it a store of wealth like gold. Whether you prefer one asset or are a proponent of both, these assets help protect individuals against the broken fiat monetary system, inflation and a debt-based economy.
While the assets have many similarities, for some, it isn’t gold and Bitcoin; instead, it is gold vs Bitcoin. Peter Schiff is a stockbroker, financial commentator, economist and gold bug who is hugely sceptical about Bitcoin. Schiff regularly derides Bitcoin on twitter and has done so since 2012 claiming that Bitcoin has no intrinsic value.
In this interview, I speak to Peter Schiff, and we discuss what he doesn’t like about Bitcoin, if he sees the alignment between Bitcoin and gold, the properties of sound money and if Bitcoin should be considered a store of value.
Location: Zoom Date: Thursday 2nd July Role: Author
Libertarianism is something I have been wrestling with since I discovered Bitcoin. Hard money leads you down many rabbit holes, and questioning the role of the state is one of the deepest.
At face value, libertarianism sounds perfect; more freedom, less intervention and limited or no state. However, I have struggled to understand how this would play out and if the idea of an anarchist society being civil and moral is just an ideological fallacy rather than a practical reality.
Many libertarians see hyperbitcoinisation as the most likely manifestation of an anarchist society, in that it allows individuals to be self-sovereign, take control of their wealth and remove power from the government.
In this interview, I talk to Knut Svanholm, author of Bitcoin: Sovereignty Through Mathematics and Bitcoin: Independence Reimagined. We discuss libertarianism, collectivism v individualism and how Bitcoin is the only path to a libertarian society.
Location: Zoom Date:Tuesday 30th June Company/project: Castle Island Ventures, Adamant Capital, Parallax Digital & River Financial Role: Partner, Founding Partner, Founder & Founder
The global economy is in a precarious position. With the coronavirus enforced lockdowns closing down businesses around the world, central banks have been printing money at unprecedented levels to prevent economies from collapsing. While this has eased the pressure in Western nations, some smaller countries are starting to experience the impact. The currency in Lebanon has all but collapsed, and inflation in Zimbabwe has nearly reached 800%. Could high inflation be coming to the UK, Europe and the US?
While the implication of a global economic meltdown may not be known for years, it is precisely this sort of situation that many Bitcoiners have highlighted as the perfect environment for Bitcoin to thrive. So, what comes next for Bitcoin?
This interview is from a panel I recently hosted for Real Vision’s The Crypto Gathering event, with Nic Carter, Tuur Demeester, Robert Breedlove & Alex Leishman. We discuss the current state of the economy, Bitcoin as a peaceful protest and what comes next.
Location: Zoom Date: Friday 3rd July Company/Project: DarkHorse Podcast Role: Host
In 2017, Bret Weinstein was thrust into the public limelight, when he objected to a change in the college's tradition of observing a "Day of Absence". Bret stating that "there is a huge difference between a group or coalition deciding to voluntarily absent themselves from a shared space in order to highlight their vital and under-appreciated roles, and a group or coalition encouraging another group to go away." It led to widespread protests and claims that Bret was "a racist" and the college was forced to close for two days.
Following the Evergreen College protests, Bret outlined the threat of behaviour like this spilling over into the outside world. His concerns were proven correct after the death of George Floyd.
In the days following Floyd's death, people took to the streets across the US and then across the world. What originated as a Black Lives Matter movement, quickly became infiltrated by far-left groups.
In this interview, I talk to Bret Weinstein, a biologist and evolutionary theorist, who was at the center of the Evergreen College controversy. We discuss the US protests, bipartisan politics, inequality, and where Bitcoin fits into this and #Unity2020.
Location: Zoom Date: Monday 29th June Company/Project: Real Vision, Wyoming Blockchain Coalition, Ikigai Asset Management Role: Co-Founder & CEO, Co-Founder, Chief Investment Officer
In late 2019 and early 2020, the global economy was showing signs of stress. Even before coronavirus, we saw the Fed having to step in and provide liquidity for the repo market and issuing rate cuts. But the rapid spread of coronavirus around the world and the resulting lockdowns has further exposed cracks in the global economy.
Stock markets experienced high volatility as the economic impact of businesses closing hit with Wall Street suffered its worst day since ‘Black Monday’ and oil prices going negative for the first time in history. Governments responded with unprecedented levels of quantitative easing, and some countries are now seeing their currencies collapsing.
Many analysts have suggested that rather than coronavirus being the cause of this economic downturn, it was instead the black swan event that acted as the pin that popped the bubble and the enormous debts that have been amounting for decades was a disaster waiting to happen.
Over the past year, I have spoken to several economists including Raoul Pal, Caitlin Long and Travis Kling, all of whom warned that a financial collapse is coming.
So, what is happening at the moment, what can we expect to see next, and how can we all prepare?
This interview is from a panel I recently hosted for Real Vision’s The Crypto Gathering, with Raoul Pal, Caitlin Long & Travis Kling. We discuss the early warning signs of systemic issues in the global macroeconomy, what might happen next and where Bitcoin fits into this.
Location: Zoom Date: Tuesday 23rd July Company/Project: N/A & Unchained Capital Role: N/A & Director of Product Marketing
Throughout 2019, President Trump's re-election campaign looked to be on steady ground, but 2020 has been a very different story.
Following the outbreak of COVID-19, countries across the world have gone into lockdown. However, Trump, Fox News and a large number of key Republicans initially played down the risk of the pandemic, and Trump has faced fierce criticism for his lack of decisive action. The US has been the most severely affected country, with around one quarter of all recorded infections and deaths.
During this same period, the killing of George Floyd sent shockwaves across America. Millions took to the streets to protest police brutality and to campaign for Black Lives Matter. Many of these protests quickly turned violent and, again, Trump was criticised for his lack of decisive action and leadership, epitomised when he retreated to his bunker rather than addressing the nation.
The pandemic and protests have opened up the election race, and while Trump has furiously Tweeted, Joe Biden has mostly retreated from public view. Support for Trump appears to be dropping, and most recently, Trump's rally in Tulsa was only attended by 6,200 people in attendance, in a building with a 19,000 capacity.
While 2020 has been mostly negative for Trump's re-election campaign, he does have fiercely loyal supporters, and while the polls indicate Biden has a clear lead, this will likely be another close election.
I tweeted that I would bet anyone $5,000 in Bitcoin that Trump would lose. American Hodl (@hodl_american) took me up on the bet. Phil Geiger, from Unchained Capital, agreed to arbiter the debt, holding the 3rd key in a multisig wallet we set up using Unchained Capital's Caravan product.
In this interview, Hodl, Phil and I discuss the bet, US politics, if the current economic and social situation is positive or negative for Trump, populism, voter suppression and the election race.
Location: Zoom Date: Friday, 19th June Company/Project: Kraken Role: Director of Business Development
The very early believers in Bitcoin tended to fall into two camps, the Libertarians who were drawn to the censorship resistance & self-sovereignty of Bitcoin and the tech-savvy developers who saw a new experimental technology that was the first to truly offer a distributed & decentralised digital money.
As Bitcoin has gained in value, it too has grown to appeal to audiences that don’t necessarily fit into these two camps. Fewer tech-savvy people have come to Bitcoin for ‘number go up’ more than the censorship resistance and decentralisation.
For these people, coming into Bitcoin can be hostile and confusing. The community is understandably frosty to those not willing to learn about the importance of holding their own keys, protecting their privacy and being self-sovereign and the software can be confusing and unintuitive.
For newcomers running a node is difficult, holding your private keys daunting and interacting with the community scary. So, improving both the UX and marketing of Bitcoin is key to attracting less technical people to the space.
In this interview, I talk to Dan Held the Director of Business Development at Kraken. We discuss the importance of easy user experience, how Bitcoin can be a daunting experience, if newcomers should hold their private keys and why marketing matters.
Location: Zoom Date: Friday, 19th June Role: Entrepreneur & Author
In an inflationary Keynesian economic system, governments target low inflation to ensure a healthy economy and steady growth; however, inflation functions as a hidden tax on savings. Inflation also leads to a drop in purchasing power which drives the incentive to spend and invest rather than save.
Deflation, the opposite to inflation, is when the price of a basket of goods and services drops. Unlike inflation, deflation means the purchasing power of your savings increase over time and therefore, incentivises saving as opposed to spending.
Many traditional economists see deflation as dangerous as people will reduce spend with an expectation of products becoming cheaper, but this leads to an economy based on growth at any cost. Jeff Booth, author of The Price of Tomorrow: Why deflation is the Key to an Abundant Future presents an alternative argument.
In this interview, I talk to Jeff Booth, and we discuss the current economic & social situation, how an inflationary system has caused inequality & division and how Bitcoin & deflation can fix this.
Location: Zoom Date: Wednesday, 17th June Project: Basecamp Role: Founder & CTO
New concerns have been raised around Apple's business model after the company rejected future updates for Basecamp's newly launched email app Hey. Apple initially approved the app, but then put it on hold — meaning Basecamp couldn't submit any updates or bug fixes until it added an option for users to subscribe to Hey's service through an in-app purchase.
Basecamp has disputed this decision, saying it shouldn't be forced to allow users to sign up for Hey through in-app purchase, subjecting then to Apple's 30% tax on its subscription fee.
HEY's predicament has highlighted inconsistencies in Apple's policy execution, having allowed other apps with similar business models to exist in the App Store without mandatory in-app subscriptions. They have also made exemptions for streaming applications and rivals; Amazon and Netflix.
The case has raised questions about how Apple is operating and whether it's exercising an anti-competitive advantage over services from third-party developers.
HEY's fight comes as the company is already facing two EU antitrust investigations after Spotify and other firms filed similar complaints to those raised by Basecamp.
In this bonus episode, I talk to Basecamp Founder & CTO, David Hansson. We discuss Apple’s threats to remove their email app HEY from the App Store and Apple’s monopolistic business model.
Location: Zoom Date: Tuesday 16th June Project: Human Rights Foundation & Bitcoin Developer Role: Chief Strategy Officer & Independent Developer
Privacy is a fundamental human right, and with society migrating away from physical to digital cash, we are losing one of the remaining ways to transact privately.
Bitcoin is an entirely public ledger, in that every transaction is broadcast to everyone running the Bitcoin software. Anyone can view these transactions, but there are ways to obfuscate your spends and make it more difficult, or even close to impossible to follow the trail of transactions.
Currently, the most widely used method for adding privacy to bitcoin is to use CoinJoin services like Wasabi or Samourai. These wallets allow you to add your UTXOs to a transaction along with numerous other participants. Coinjoin can significantly increase anonymity, depending on the number of other participants.
Originally put forward by Greg Maxwell in 2013, Coinswap is a somewhat different method of anonymising your footprint on the Bitcoin network. Chris Belcher recently took the idea and put together a proposal and has received funding from the Human Rights Foundation to develop it.
In this interview, I talk to Bitcoin developer Chris Belcher and Alex Gladstein, the Chief Strategy Officer at the Human Rights Foundation. We discuss financial privacy as a human right, Bitcoin privacy, financing devs and Chris’ work on Coinswap.
Location: Zoom Date: Friday 12th June Project: The Investors Podcast Role: Host
With the current global economic outlook and rise in social unrest, we are living in unprecedented times. The coronavirus pandemic, subsequent lockdowns and preventative measures put in place by governments around the world has led to many businesses closing or relying on bailouts, and jobless figures are amongst the highest since records began.
The killing of George Floyd at the hands of the police has seen protests against racial inequality have spread across the world. In the US, especially, these protests turned have turned into riots with looting, buildings burnt down and violent clashes.
During this time of uncertainty, the S&P500 and Dow Jones Industrial Average have both climbed ~40% since the drop in March, seemingly proving that the markets can behave irrationally. Some analysts are pointing to dangerous signals that we are heading towards the collapse of currencies.
Are all of these combined events the perfect storm for Bitcoin?
In this interview, I talk to Preston Pysh, author, engineer & the host of The Investor Podcast. We discuss the global macroeconomy, deflation vs inflation and why now Bitcoin is more important than ever.
Location: Zoom Date: Thursday 28th May Project: Microsoft Role: Head of Decentralised Identity
Social media is omnipresent with most all of us have a Twitter, Facebook or Google account, using them every day for both personal and business. We build connections, relationships and trust through them. However, these companies implement strict controls over the content on their platforms with shadowbanning and deplatforming growing.
The controls which they enforce on their platforms can have further-reaching consequences. As well as offering access via a standard email and password, most websites also provide the option to login via a Facebook, Twitter or Google account. If one of those services decides to deplatform you, then you could lose your account with any associated websites.
To solve this issue and improve on the nature of IDs, Microsoft has launched their Decentralised Identity program in which they offer users a decentralised personal identifier, which is under your control, using the most immutable and secure solution; Bitcoin.
In this interview, I talk to Daniel Buchner, Head of Decentralised Identity at Microsoft to discuss how a Bitcoin-based decentralised identity system works. We also talk about libertarianism, coronavirus and the protests over the death of George Floyd.
Location: Zoom Date: Friday 5th June Project: Coindesk Role: Journalist
The role of a journalist is to question, educate and inform. A truly free press is a fundamental pillar of a free society, and unbiased and objective reporting is crucial in getting a broad understanding of any industry.
News corporations are now arguably more partisan and divided than ever before, highlighted by how Fox News and CNN have become partisan propaganda outlets. Fox News is pro-Trump and will defend him and his policies almost without exception; alternatively, CNN is pro-democrat and will question almost everything Trump and his administration do. Within Bitcoin, there can be a similar lack of objectivity and willingness to challenge the status quo critically.
The Bitcoin community are often referred to as its immune system, by being aggressive and vocal about anything that seemingly questions the direction or ethos of the network they protect it from coercion and negative outside influences. While this is mostly a useful stance in an industry that has more than its fair share of scammers and questionable projects, this can make the role of journalism within Bitcoin tricky to navigate.
Despite long and firmly held beliefs, Bitcoin evolves, as does the size of the user base and how they use Bitcoin. Journalists must challenge commonly held beliefs, even if these means hard criticism from Bitcoiners.
In this interview, I am joined by Leigh Cuen, a journalist and writer at Coindesk. We discuss the importance of journalism, Bitcoin as a peaceful revolution and the strict narratives that are held by Bitcoiners.
Location: Zoom Date: Wednesday 3rd June Project: Bitcoin & Black America Role: Author
On May 25th George Floyd was killed by Minneapolis police officer, Derek Chauvin. Police were called over allegations that George Floyd had used a counterfeit $20 bill. During the arrest, Chauvin restrained Floyd by placing his knee on his neck and pinning him to the ground, during this time Floyd was pleading with the officer repeatedly stating "I can't breathe".
After 8 minutes and 46 seconds and with paramedics on the scene, Chauvin finally took his knee off Floyd's neck, he was unresponsive and later pronounced dead.
Following Floyd's death, there have been widespread protests across America which have now spread to other countries. In several places in the US, these protests have been violent with looting, fires and large scale destruction.
While the black community is reeling at yet another death at the hands of a police officer, Isaiah Jackson, the author of Bitcoin & Black America suggests that building a black economy offers a way out of institutionalised racism.
In this interview, we discuss the killing of George Floyd and the subsequent protests and riots, racism in the US, and how the black community can use Bitcoin.
Location: Zoom Date: Wednesday 27th May Project: Guns N’ Bitcoin Role: Chief Range Officer
Bitcoin's immune system has evolved from years of defeating threats, staving off bad actors and protecting the core principles of the network.
Many Bitcoiners consider Bitcoin as gold 2.0, threatening the corrupt practices of central banking. As such, small blocks, the fee market and hodling are essential components of defeating fiat. With such staunch views from within the community, even just opening up these topics for debate can see a backlash from Bitcoiners.
Why has spending Bitcoin become such a contentious issue for some? It was the Silk Road and Wikipedia, which proved the importance of censorship resistance, enabling people to circumvent oppressive government rules.
Developers working on Bitcoin are held to the highest levels of scrutiny, and rightly so, but why aren't the ideas around Bitcoin usage equally scrutinised?
In this interview, I talk to Ragnar Lifthrasir from Guns N’ Bitcoin. We discuss the Bitcoiner narratives, why spending Bitcoin is as important as hodling, libertarianism, guns and the 2nd amendment.
Location: Zoom Date: Thursday 28th May Project: Abra Role: Founder & CEO
This week, Goldman Sachs held an investment advisory call for its clients during which it slammed Bitcoin as an investment and refused to accept it as an asset class.
Goldman's take on Bitcoin was in equal parts bearish and ignorant, with the investment bank listing five reasons for not classing Bitcoin as an asset or a suitable investment:
Bitcoin does not generate cash flow like bonds.
Bitcoin does not generate any earnings through exposure to global economic growth.
Bitcoin does not provide consistent diversification benefits given its unstable correlations.
Bitcoin does not dampen volatility given historical volatility of 76%. Goldman points to March 12 when bitcoin fell 37%.
Bitcoin does not show evidence of hedging against inflation.
Goldman raised numerous regularly debunked points as a negative, from scarcity to hard forks to illicit use cases, and compared Bitcoin to the Tulip mania of the 17th century.
Godman's investor call is not Bitcoin's first time Wall Street has challenged Bitcoin. In 2017 Jamie Dimon, the CEO of JP Morgan called Bitcoin a fraud and Warren Buffet has called all cryptocurrencies worthless. So why do some on Wall Street refuse to accept Bitcoin? Is it down to ignorance or does Bitcoin threaten their business model?
In this interview, I am joined by Bill Barhydt, the CEO and Founder of Abra. We discuss and debunk Goldman Sachs' arguments against Bitcoin as well as the reasons behind their lazy research.
Location: Zoom Date: Friday 22nd May Role: Independent Trader
Despite being the best performing asset over the past decade, Bitcoin is an incredibly volatile asset and risky to trade. Outperforming the market is hard, and very few people manage to beat the strategy of buying and holding.
Unlike traditional markets, bitcoin markets are open 24/7/365, and traded on both regulated and unregulated exchanges. High leverage options and low liquidity altcoins make it easy for a newcomer to wipe out their trading accounts quickly.
While few traders are profitable, a large number of the Bitcoin community find the temptation to increase their bitcoin stack hard to resist. I always recommend against trading, especially if you are new to Bitcoin, but this doesn't stop people. So, if you want to try trading, what are the basic things you need to understand?
In this episode, I talk to Flood, an independent Bitcoin trader. We discuss the key things a newcomer to trading needs to know from which exchanges to use, trading strategies, leverage, finding your edge and the common mistakes.
Location: Zoom Date: Monday 18th May Project: Gemini Role: Co-Founders
The Social Network, directed by David Fincher, introduced Cameron and Tyler Winklevoss to the world. The film told the story of how Mark Zuckerberg stole their idea to create Facebook, and would later settle for $65 million.
After settling the court case and retiring from their careers in rowing, where the twins represented the USA in the 2008 Beijing Olympics, they started a fund and discovered Bitcoin. In 2014 they created Gemini, now one of the largest regulated cryptocurrency exchanges.
The film portrayed the twins as cliche sporting jocks, an image which has been hard to shake off. Cameron and Tyler are more at home building things and their success since Harvard is not luck.
My picture of the twins, like most, was created from the Social Network and their appearances on mainstream news discussing finance, but I wanted to know more about them. This interview is, therefore, the interview I have wanted to hear from them. We discuss The Social Network, Facebook and Mark Zuckerberg, how they discovered Bitcoin, regulations and the role of Wall Street.
Location: Zoom Date: Friday 15th May Project: Blockstream Role: CEO & Chief Strategy Officer
Bitcoin: decentralised, permissionless, censorship-resistant and unconfiscatable. Unique properties which make it a unique form of money
For Bitcoin to keep growing, these features mustn't be compromised. However, scaling solutions for Bitcoin, may trade off some of these features for other benefits.
With the vast majority of the community in agreement that block sizes must remain small to maximise decentralisation, Bitcoin is best scaled using layered solutions. The Liquid Network, like the Lightning Network, is a layer two solution that, by sacrificing some aspects of decentralisation and censorship resistance, can improve speed and scalability.
Liquid is a project spearheaded by Blockstream and is aimed at traders, exchanges and market makers to offer faster and more confidential transactions than the Bitcoin basechain. It also adds the ability to build tokens on the network.
In this interview, I talk to Adam Back and Samson Mow Blockstream's CEO & Chief Strategy Officer. We discuss The Liquid Network, the tradeoffs between Liquid and the basechain, how it differs from Lightning network and tokenised securities.
Location: Zoom Date: January to March 2020
Bitcoin can be intimidating for beginners. The protocol is complicated, the community can be unforgiving, silly mistakes can lose you money, and it is easy to succumb to altcoin marketing.
Bitcoin offers you the opportunity to hold a new type of monetary asset, one which can't be seized by the government and is censorship resistance, and it is changing the world.
Bitcoin is multifaceted. Some treat Bitcoin as a speculative tool for growing wealth, others as a way of avoiding financial censorship from traditional payment channels, and some use it as a way of claiming their monetary sovereignty and removing power from the banks and state.
On 31st October 2008, Bitcoin was introduced to the world by its pseudonymous creator, Satoshi Nakamoto. Bitcoin brought with it an alternative to the banking system, a way of truly controlling your finances and the opportunity to 'be your own bank'.
Being your own bank is incredibly powerful but is often a confusing and misused term. There are currently 1.7 billion people across the world who do not have access to proper banking services. Bitcoin can fix this by allowing users to hold, send and receive value.
Governments have a history of putting pressure on payment systems and censoring transactions. In 2010 Visa, Mastercard and PayPal all stopped allowing payments to WikiLeaks. Bitcoin fixed this.
Bitcoin's power is in its decentralised, censorship-resistant, neutral, permissionless network that allows you to transact globally without any intermediary or third party and with whoever you want for whatever reason you want. Bitcoin doesn't care.
We will soon be living in a cashless society, government-issued 'fiat' currency will become entirely digital, and we will wave goodbye to any remaining shreds of financial privacy that still exist. Some governments will look to create a cryptocurrency alternative; providing the perfect tool for increased financial surveillance and oppression and represents the antithesis of Bitcoin.
We may have to choose whether we use Bitcoin or a state-run digital currency. So, why should we choose Bitcoin?
In this episode, I have compiled various clips from my 17-part Beginner’s Guide to Bitcoin with some of the leading experts in the space. As an introduction to Bitcoin, this guide covers essential Bitcoin topics from how it works to its monetary policy.
Location: Zoom Date: Sunday 10th May Project: Hypersheet Role: Co-Founder
On May 11th, at block 630000 Bitcoin had its 3rd halving, cutting the block reward issued to the miners from 12.5BTC to 6.25BTC. This reduction in the subsidy is seen by many as a bullish event for Bitcoin. With the block reward cut in half, the amount of Bitcoin available for the miners to sell in the market drops from 1800 BTC/day to 900 BTC/day, reducing the sell pressure from newly minted coins.
Bitcoin’s recent drop in price has been attributed, by some, to miners selling off some of their Bitcoin, to support lower revenues with the blog subsidy halving.
While miners have typically been the largest sellers in the Bitcoin market, now that the subsidy has again cut in half, Willy Woo has claimed the majority of the sell pressure will not come from the exchanges.
Woo puts this down to the rise in popularity of the derivatives and futures markets on exchanges such as BitMex and Deribit. These exchanges take fees of up to 0.075% per trade and offer high leverage options of up to 100x. As the popularity of these exchanges has grown, so have the fees.
With the selling pressure from miners dropping and the sell pressure from the exchanges growing, is trading detrimental to the growth of Bitcoin?
In this interview, I am joined by Willy Woo, an on-chain analyst and the co-founder of Hypersheet. We discuss Bitcoin trading, the rise of the unregulated, high leverage futures platforms and if trading is damaging to the growth of Bitcoin.
Location: Zoom Date: Tuesday 5th May Project: The Libertarian Party Role: Party Leader & Coordinator
Long before Bitcoin dropped on the world, libertarians have criticised government-issued fiat money, arguing that it goes against their core beliefs of political freedom and autonomy, viewing gold as a superior currency. Many libertarians were early to Bitcoin, understanding its sound monetary policy.
I have spoken with many US-based libertarians, but like any political movement or philosophy, there is no one size fits all approach, and the libertarians range in their beliefs from full anarcho-capitalists to minarchists. So, I wanted to get a different perspective from libertarians in the UK, engaged in the political process to ultimately reduce then bring an end to the state.
In this interview, I talk to Adam Brown & Sean Finch, the party leader and coordinator for the UK Libertarian Party. We discuss the current political landscape, the push for less government, healthcare and freedom of speech.
Location: Zoom Date: Monday 4th May Project: Parallax Digital Role: Founder & CEO
The properties for measuring the soundness of money include divisibility, durability, portability, recognisability and scarcity. Current government-issued and controlled fiat money fit some of these characteristics but, with the central bank’s ability to print money at will, the current system completely fails as a scarce resource.
Historically metals have been the best form of money, with gold outcompeting all other metals to become the number one metal used as a currency and store of value. It is durable, recognisable and scarce; however, government-issued fiat became a better form of cash as it is more portable and divisible. Since 1971, when the US came off the gold standard, and the government has been able to issue more fiat, the purchasing power of the dollar has fallen. As such, gold has proven to be a better store of wealth than fiat.
Many see Bitcoin as digital gold with the added benefits of being highly divisible and able to be sent anywhere in the world quickly and at low cost. Bitcoin also offers censorship resistance, immutability and the ability to store wealth out of the reach of the government.
Bitcoin is a new paradigm in money.
In this interview, I talk to Robert Breedlove the Founder and CEO of Parallax Digital. Robert recently wrote An Open Letter to Ray Dalio explaining how Bitcoin will reshape the world. We discuss Bitcoin’s ability to outcompete the current financial system.
Location: Zoom Date: Wednesday 29th April Project: Independent Trader Role: Bitcoin Quant Analyst
Plan₿'s Stock-to-Flow model was warmly received by many in Bitcoin. The chart gave context to price action around halvings, validating the importance of scarcity. The S2F model does have critics, and with the third halving approaching, some had questioned whether the reducing subsidy drive price.
The halving is one of the most significant events in the Bitcoin calendar. Every 210,000 blocks (~4 years) the block subsidy issued to the miners reduced by half. Initially, the block reward was 50BTC, now 11 years later on approximately May 12th, we will have the 3rd halving taking the block reward from 12.5BTC to 6.25BTC. By the end of this reward period on May 12th, 87.5% of all Bitcoin will have been mined.
Satoshi implemented the halving as a way of controlling inflation, front-loading the rewards to kick start the protocol. Dan Held stated that halvings are a viral marketing loop which creates awareness.
Historically, the Bitcoin price in the weeks and months following the halving has seen significant moves to the upside, with supply cut in half Bitcoin becomes more scarce and demand may increase.
The Stock-to-Flow model tracks the scarcity of an asset and following the halving the stock to flow ratio of Bitcoin will rise from 25 to 50, meaning it would take 50 years for miners to mine enough Bitcoin to match the current Bitcoin supply, at the current level of issuance. When applied to non-digital assets such as gold and silver, stock-to-flow becomes a benchmarking tool.
Plan B identified a flaw in the model, the overreliance on time. In the latest version of his model, Bitcoin Stock-to-Flow Cross Asset Model (S2FX), time is removed, and other assets such as gold and silver are added. The new model includes a significant change, Phase Transitions, which identifies that the properties of an asset can change. These changes in the properties of Bitcoin, for example maturing from digital cash to digital gold, identify why the market for the asset grows; thus, there is increasing demand.
In this interview, I talk to Bitcoin Quant Analyst & creator of the popular stock to flow model, Plan₿. We discuss his new S2FX model, the upcoming Bitcoin halving, predicted price action and the impact on miners.
Location: Zoom Date: Wednesday 22nd April Project: Coinkite Role: CEO & Co-Founder
Bitcoin attracts a broad range of enthusiasts with different backgrounds, experience and political beliefs. The spectrum is broad, from those who treat it purely as a speculative asset, happy to buy and hold, to those who head deep down the anti-state and hard money rabbit hole.
Those who are attracted to Bitcoin's hard money properties may often align with Libertarian ideas, free markets and the separation of money and state. These Bitcoiners will often push hard important topics such as holding your own private keys, validating transactions with a node, enhancing privacy with CoinJoin and generally hating on any altcoin or token project. The most hardcore of Bitcoiners may even avoid exchanges due to KYC/AML legislation and find other ways to accumulate Bitcoin.
Almost all Bitcoiners will fit somewhere between these two extremes, and the beauty of Bitcoin is that it doesn't care about your personal beliefs. As Bitcoin continues to grow, it will attract people who may not align with some of the more anarcho-capitalist opinions but still wish to use Bitcoin.
So, is it the job of more radical Bitcoiners to push everyone towards holding their keys, running a node and improving their privacy and OPSEC? While these are good practices, what about those who do not align with libertarianism or Austrian Economics, should Bitcoin welcome all or be toxic to those who don't follow certain ideologies.
In this interview, I talk to Rodolfo Novak, the CEO & Co-Founder of Coinkite and Bitcoin OG. We get into Bitcoin purity and discuss self custody & personal responsibility, hardware wallets and Bitcoin narratives.
Location: Zoom Date: Monday 3th March Project: Bitcoin & Co Podcast Role: Host
Earlier this year, I travelled to Venezuela to find out the reality of Bitcoin adoption in the country and what I found didn’t exactly fit the widely accepted narrative. The truth is that while Bitcoin may have some use cases for the middle and upper classes, the poorest in Venezuela are surviving on a few dollars a month, and Bitcoin is not a useful currency for them.
Zimbabwe, like Venezuela, is often touted as a perfect use case for Bitcoin. Both countries have experienced hyperinflation, both have significant wealth disparity, and both have a high percentage of the population unbanked. So, is Bitcoin more widely adopted in Zimbabwe, and how can Zimbabweans take advantage of it?
In this interview, I talk to Anita Posch, Bitcoin podcaster, speaker and author. We discuss Anita’s recent trip to Zimbabwe, free speech & freedom of expression, scams & MLM, hyperinflation and if and how Zimbabweans are using Bitcoin.
Location: Zoom Date: Friday, 10th April Project: Circle Role: CEO & Founder
By complementing Bitcoin trading, and making it easy to send digital dollars around the world, stablecoins continue to grow in popularity.
Commercial banks operate on a fractional basis, holding only a small % of deposits. During challenging economic times, this can lead to what is known as a run on the bank, where depositors attempt to withdraw their funds.
Unlike fractionally reserved banks, some stablecoins claim to be fully backed, meaning (for example) that for every 1 USDC, GUSD or USDT, the company claims they hold an equivalent $1. Stablecoins come with their risks and trade-offs, from the risk of being hacked to platform dependency.
In a time of economic uncertainty, do stablecoins offer a better saving solution than our banks? And what are the pros and cons of self custody vs the high-interest rate savings accounts?
In this interview, I talk to Jeremy Allaire, the CEO & Founder of Circle, the company behind the USDC stablecoin. We discuss the use case for stablecoins, the benefit of being fully backed rather and the impact on the economy from coronavirus.
Location: Zoom Date: Friday, 10th April Project: Blockstream Role: Director of Research
Bitcoin is very conservative. Unlike the typical tech industry ethos of move fast and break things, it is paramount that Bitcoin upgrades and changes to the protocol are absolutely necessary, slow, well planned and well tested.
Two protocol changes that have been discussed for a while now are Schnorr signatures and Taproot. These proposals have lots of positive implications, including an improvement to privacy and scalability, but what will it mean for an average Bitcoin user? What is next on the roadmap?
In this interview, I talk to Andrew Poelstra, the Director of Research at Blockstream. We discuss the upcoming upgrades to the Bitcoin protocol, including Schnorr signatures, Taproot and Miniscript and what that means to Bitcoin users.
Location: Zoom Date: Wednesday, 8th April Project: BlockFi Role: Co-Founders
On March 12th Bitcoin fell by over 50% from ~$8,000 to ~$3,800. One day earlier, the World Health Organisation had escalated the evolving COVID-19 situation to pandemic status, and Bitcoin wasn't alone in this, markets around the world crashed.
The Coronavirus black swan event caused huge volatility which has been a critical concern held by many Bitcoiners about Bitcoin financial service companies. Critiques of these services have questioned what the impact would be of such an event on crypto-backed loans and whether they would lead to high default rates from borrowers. Would the risk management strategies put in place by companies such as BlockFi be robust enough?
Coronavirus would trigger the market collapse that would test the doubter's theories.
In this interview, I talk to Zac Prince and Flori Marquez, the co-founders of BlockFi, a bitcoin financial services business. We discuss how they manage high volatility, operating as a custodian and the state of the Bitcoin market.
Location: Zoom Date: Wednesday, 1st April Project: WTFhappenedin1971.com Role: Host
The gold standard was a monetary system in which the value of countries currency was directly linked to the amount of gold held in reserve. Although not currently used by any government, it was once a widely used system.
A currency backed by a scarce asset such as gold prevents the government from printing more money without consequences.
In 1931 the Bank of England abandoned the gold standard ‘temporarily’; however, it never returned. Following Britains move to abandon the gold standard, a number of other countries followed suit.
In 1933, during the Great Depression, US residents began hoarding gold which led US President Roosevelt to order all gold worth over $100 to be returned to the federal reserve and exchanged for paper money.
The following year the price of gold, set by the US government, was increased to $35/once which, raising the feds balance sheet by 69%, marking the beginning of the end of the gold standard in the US.
In 1971 Nixon announced that the US would sever all ties between the dollar and gold and would no longer convert dollars to gold at a fixed value of $35., putting an end to any remnants of a gold standard.
WTF Happened in 1971 is a website that charts the economic impact and societal shift that has followed the abandonment of the gold standard.
In this interview, I talk to Ben Prentice and Collin, the creators of WTFhappenedin1971.com. We discuss the gold standard, the Bretton Woods Agreement, monetary policy, inflation and hyperbitcoinisation.
Location: Zoom Date: Thursday, 9th April Project: Junseth’s World Role: Host
Junseth was the co-host of the hugely popular Bitcoin Uncensored, but in 2017 he and co-host Chris DeRose parted ways.
One thing that made Bitcoin Uncensored both popular but also divisive was their ability to cut through the noise and call out ideas or bullshit in the crypto industry. Their interview with Perianne Boring is still one of the greatest podcasts in the world of “blockchain”.
There are so many topics that I have been wrestling with recently, from the politicisation and government response to the coronavirus pandemic to the very radical Bitcoin narratives offered by some of the most vocal and well known Bitcoiners.
In this bonus episode, I am joined by Junseth the former co-host of Bitcoin Uncensored and host of Junseth’s world. We discuss coronavirus, the politicisation of the pandemic and the economic impact, libertarianism, modern art and Bitcoin narratives.
Location: Zoom Date: Friday, 3rd April Project: Pantera Capital Role: Co-Founder & CEO
Markets around the world have posted their worst quarterly results in decades with the FTSE, DJI, S&P500 and many others down over 20%. While the coronavirus pandemic is certainly the catalyst behind this drop, it may have been the pin that popped the global economy propped up by cheap credit.
With the markets falling, the forced closure of businesses and unemployment at record levels, governments around the world have taken unprecedented action with their monetary and fiscal policies.
With huge amounts of quantitative easing globally, this economic event again highlights the benefits of Bitcoin’s monetary policy. It was created in the wake of the 2008 financial crisis, born out of years of cheap credit and poor government oversight. Now nearly 12 years since its creation, we are again in a time of financial crisis. So, could this crisis lead people to a non-sovereign, global, immutable, digital, decentralised, hard money?
In this interview, I talk to Dan Morehead, a veteran investor and the co-founder & CEO of Pantera Capital. We discuss the effect of coronavirus on the economy, how the markets will recover, and Bitcoin’s coming of age.
Location: Zoom Date: Thursday, 2nd April Project: Chainalysis Role: Co-Founder
Bitcoin's strengths lie in its ability to separate money and state, censorship and seizure resistance. It is an open and permissionless network that allows anyone to interact with it.
It is an entirely public network, but that doesn't mean it is anonymous. Addresses do not use personal information but created using alphanumeric characters, and addresses can be monitored to watch transactions and follow the flow of Bitcoin.
Chainalysis is a controversial company, with many claiming they are antithetical to the ideals behind Bitcoin. They offer blockchain analysis software that will scan the blockchain and report on illicit or suspicious uses of Bitcoin. They provide these services to exchanges, governments and law enforcement to help tie real-world identities to Bitcoin transactions.
In this interview, I talk to the co-founder of Chainalysis Jonathan Levin. We discuss whether Chainalysis is antithetical to Bitcoin, how they decide who can use the software, and if they are helping erode privacy.
Location: Zoom Date: Wednesday, 1st April Project: aantonop.com Role: Speaker, Author & Educator
The coronavirus COVID-19 is an unprecedented global health crisis. There are now more than one million reported cases, the death toll continues to rise, and across the world, economies have been left decimated.
The crisis is bringing to fore many questions regarding the role of the state, challenging political identity. Conservatives are considering socialist policies; Libertarians are considering state responses and socialists are considering free markets.
While government responses vary, different approaches to lockdowns, surveillance and contact tracing are providing live case studies on how to handle the crisis. All these approaches question the role and the reach of the state, especially as some have seized this opportunity to implement new draconian laws.
With stock markets posting their worst quarterly results in decades, central banks have slashed interest rates, offering bailouts and implementing unprecedented stimulus packages.
Did Coronavirus cause these problems or highlight hidden issues? What does a post-coronavirus world look like? And what will the role of the state be?
In this interview, I talk to Andreas M. Antonopoulos, speaker, best selling author and Bitcoin evangelist. We discuss whether Coronavirus is a challenge to political identity, the largest monetary experiment in history, bailouts and money printing.
Location: Skype Date: Friday, 27th March Project: Libertarian Institute Role: Founder & Director
With the rapid spread of coronavirus COVID-19, governments around the world are taking drastic action to try and flatten the curve, slow the infection rate and take the strain off already struggling healthcare systems.
China’s authoritarian government quickly implemented strict controls, sealing people into apartments and increasing surveillance. All of which were reported as very useful, at least temporarily in slowing the spread. But, under democratic rule, how far can and should, the state go to save lives?
Many governments have issued lockdowns forbidding people from leaving their homes for all but essential tasks and businesses order to close. Many of the measures are designed as temporary, but some fear that governments will be reluctant to revoke these new controls once the pandemic is over
There is a direct trade-off between the encroachment on our civil liberties and saving lives, so are the strict measures worth it? And where do you draw the line?
In this interview, I talk to Scott Horton, the Founder and Director of the Libertarian Institute. We discuss the ongoing coronavirus crisis, if a state is beneficial in this extreme public health crisis and how an anarchist society would deal with a pandemic.
Location: Skype Date: Thursday, 26th March Project: Real Vision Role: Co-Founder & CEO
The coronavirus pandemic has led to a global economic crisis. With the movement of people heavily restricted, businesses forced to close and supply chains disrupted.
Stock markets around the world have crashed, leading many to question if the restrictive measures to limit the spread of the virus are worth the economic impact. Donald Trump has stated that the “cure” cannot be worse than the “problem”.
To fight the recession and help those in need, most major economies, including the US, UK, Canada and Germany, have announced unprecedented economic stimulus packages to support the economy and those out of work.
The severity and duration of the impact coronavirus will have on the economy is almost impossible to predict; however, this event will likely alter the world forever.
In this interview, I talk to Raoul Pal co-founder & CEO of Real Vision and macroeconomist. We discuss the political and economic impact of coronavirus, the role of the state and the societal change that will occur.
Location: Skype Date: Monday, 16th March Project: CoinTracker Role: COO
Nothing is certain but death and taxes, and for most people, their largest expense is not their rent, mortgage or car, it is their taxes.
Most see taxes as an unavoidable fact of life, however, many Bitcoiners are also libertarians who believe taxation is theft and an infringement on their property rights. So, when I introduced a new What Bitcoin Did sponsor, Cointracker, who helps you prepare cryptocurrency tax returns, I received a few direct messages for supporting “the man”.
I understand that tax and Bitcoin do not necessarily go hand in hand, with tax being somewhat antithetical to Bitcoin. Bitcoin was created to separate money and state and with that taxation. Tax is not something I support or want to pay; however, I do so to avoid fines and legal retribution.
In this bonus episode of What Bitcoin Did, I talk to Chandan Lodha, the COO of Cointracker. We discuss the ramifications of not filing crypto taxes, techniques to save money on your tax return and major exchanges getting subpoenaed.
Location: Skype Date: Monday, 23rd March Project: Amber Role: CEO
In late January, when the Chinese City of Wuhan was placed into a government-enforced lockdown to prevent the spread of the COVID-19 coronavirus. All non-essential businesses were closed, travel restricted, and people could only leave their home to buy food. While the measures put in place appeared extreme, they helped to ‘flatten the curve’ and reduce the spread of the virus.
Since then, the disease has spread rapidly throughout the rest of the world. Some governments have chosen to follow China, opting for widespread lockdowns. Italy implemented a nationwide quarantine in early March, Spain followed suit shortly after and the UK announced yesterday it was placing the country into lockdown.
There are now 17 countries with lockdown measures in place. The hope is that by reducing the number of people infected, it will, in turn, lessen the strain on local healthcare systems and reduce the number of people dying from the disease.
What is the cost of these draconian measures? Is it worth the impact on the economy and the erosion of civil liberties? Many Bitcoiners align themselves closely with Libertarianism and are against state intervention and therefore disagree with the restrictive measures put in place across the globe. We do though live in a democracy; if the will of the people supports these measures, then should they be supported?
In this interview, I talk to Aleks Svetski, CEO at Amber and a passionate Bitcoiner. We discuss the COVID-19 coronavirus, state response to the pandemic, the economic impact and the threat to our civil liberties.
Location: Bedford Date: Tuesday, 17th March Project: Myjam Role: CEO
In 2011, growing levels of unrest over lack of employment, political freedom and high levels of corruption in Syria led to a small number of pro-democracy demonstrations.
Inspired by the ongoing Arab Spring revolution in nearby countries, the movement began gaining traction within Syria. The Syrian government retaliated with deadly force, leading to widespread calls for the president Bashar al-Assad to resign.
Disdain for the government grew, and with it, the government’s attempts at suppression intensified, escalating into a civil war that has now gripped the country for over nine years. It is no longer a case of for/against Assad as numerous groups and nations have been dragged into the conflict.
The Syrian civil war is the second most deadly in the 21st century and has displaced millions. The total number of Syrian refugees is predicted to be over nine million with many heading to Turkey, Jordan, Lebanon and Egypt, with many migrating through Europe.
For the people of Syria, Bitcoin offers enormous advantages over cash. Within Syria, a large percentage of the population does not have access to banking services, and the Syrian Lira suffers from high inflation. For refugees, there is a risk of theft and confiscation as they make their way to new countries. Once settled, Bitcoin is also a perfect tool for remittances to their families back in Syria.
In this interview, I talk to Moe Ghashim, a Syrian Bitcoiner now living in the UK. We discuss the ongoing civil war in Syria, the devastating physical and economic damage to the country, and how Bitcoin is a perfect tool to help refugees.
Location: Skype Date: Friday, 13th March Project: BHB Network Role: Director
COVID-19 continues to spread around the world. 169,717 people are now infected, and the death toll stands at 6,518. The virus is highly contagious, making containment incredibly tricky. As the seriousness of the situation escalates, countries around the world are implementing strict controls on movement and contact.
The COVID-19 coronavirus originated in China, where the number of cases has now risen to over 80,000. As the virus has taken hold, the Chinese Communist Party has implemented draconian measures. Despite criticism, the aggressive use of quarantine appears to have been effective in reducing the spread of infections. The number of reported daily new cases in China has dropped from almost 2,000 per day a few weeks ago, to less than 20 at the time of writing.
Italy now has the highest number of cases outside of China, with over 25,000 testing positive. A nationwide lockdown is in effect, with police and soldiers enforcing the quarantine conditions, and on the 15th of March, the EU recorded the highest number of deaths in a single day so far.
Giacomo Zucco is a Bitcoiner who is currently under lockdown in Italy. In this interview, he explains what life is like on lockdown, the measures that have been put in place, how he thinks the governments around the world have dealt with this pandemic and why he believes centralised planning is poorly suited for dealing with the crisis.
Location: Skype Date: Friday, 6th March Project: New project coming soon… Role: N/A
Welcome to the Beginner's Guide to Bitcoin.
Bitcoin can be intimidating for beginners. The protocol is complicated, the community can be aggressive and unforgiving, silly mistakes can lose you money, and it is easy to succumb to altcoin marketing.
Bitcoin does though, offer you the opportunity to hold a new type of monetary asset, one which can't be seized by the government and is censorship resistance and It has the potential to change the way the world.
The goal of What Bitcoin Did has always been about making things simple; there are no stupid questions, and the show is here to help beginners navigate this new world. To kick off 2020, we are launching a special series to help beginners understand Bitcoin. We will be looking at the basics from breaking down the protocol to explaining the economics and discussing the potential societal shift.
Beginner’s Guide Part 17- Fuck You, Bitcoin! with John Carvalho
Bitcoin is not only the best version of decentralised money the world has seen; it is the best money the world has seen. It takes power away from centralised authorities and allows individuals to transact with whomever they want. With Bitcoin, nobody can confiscate your money, and the protocol has a clear set of rules that everyone on the network can see and follow.
The Bitcoin protocol is robust, secure and self-governing, and with that, Bitcoin is ‘fuck you’ money. If a centralised powers want to seize your Bitcoin or stop payment, Bitcoin empowers individuals to say fuck you in a way that has never been seen before.
Regardless of politics, economic uncertainty or almost any event imaginable, every 10 minutes Bitcoin continues to produce blocks, giving individuals the freedom to use it how they choose.
In Part 17 of the Beginner’s Guide to Bitcoin, I talk to John Carvalho. We discuss removing power from governments, why altcoins are a poor investment, and why Bitcoin is ‘fuck you’ money.
Location: Skype Date: Friday, 6th March
Welcome to the Beginner's Guide to Bitcoin.
Bitcoin can be intimidating for beginners. The protocol is complicated, the community can be aggressive and unforgiving, silly mistakes can lose you money, and it is easy to succumb to altcoin marketing.
Bitcoin does though, offer you the opportunity to hold a new type of monetary asset, one which can't be seized by the government and is censorship resistance and It has the potential to change the way the world.
The goal of What Bitcoin Did has always been about making things simple; there are no stupid questions, and the show is here to help beginners navigate this new world. To kick off 2020, we are launching a special series to help beginners understand Bitcoin. We will be looking at the basics from breaking down the protocol to explaining the economics and discussing the potential societal shift.
Beginner’s Guide Part 16 - The Future of Bitcoin with Jeremy Welch
In just 11 years, Bitcoin has already achieved so much:
The price has grown from $1 equal to 1,309.03 BTC in 2009 to $7,950 per Bitcoin (at time of writing), having peaked at $20k in 2017.
Market capitalisation is nearly $150 billion, and Bitcoin is now on the radar of investors globally.
A phenomenal ~ 110Exahash secures the network.
Transactions are regularly well over 300k per day.
Bitcoin is the most decentralised and censorship-resistant currency in the world.
A lot has happened in a short space of time, but what will the future hold for Bitcoin? There are still many challenges for Bitcoin, whether that is scaling, enhancing privacy or UX and ease of use. At the moment, Bitcoin is still for the relatively tech-savvy.
While Bitcoin has been met with either scepticism or fear by governments, in general, there has been little action taken to disincentive people from owning using it. If adoption continues to grow, will the world powers enforce stricter regulations?
In Part 16 of the Beginner’s Guide to Bitcoin I talk to Jeremy Welch to discuss the future of Bitcoin. We get into how governments and central banks will react as Bitcoin poses more of a threat, and if we will see hyperbitcoinisation.
Location: Skype Date: Saturday, 29th February Project: Castle Island Ventures Role: Partner
Welcome to the Beginner's Guide to Bitcoin.
Bitcoin can be intimidating for beginners. The protocol is complicated, the community can be aggressive and unforgiving, silly mistakes can lose you money, and it is easy to succumb to altcoin marketing.
Bitcoin does though, offer you the opportunity to hold a new type of monetary asset, one which can't be seized by the government and is censorship resistance and It has the potential to change the way the world.
The goal of What Bitcoin Did has always been about making things simple; there are no stupid questions, and the show is here to help beginners navigate this new world. To kick off 2020, we are launching a special series to help beginners understand Bitcoin. We will be looking at the basics from breaking down the protocol to explaining the economics and discussing the potential societal shift.
Beginner’s Guide Part 15 - Bitcoin FUD with Nic Carter
Bitcoin is a peculiar beast, and as with any new technology, it takes some time to understand it and its potential impact on the world. While Bitcoin media reporting is improving, there are still lots of untruths and myths that are perpetuated by mainstream media. Further, competing projects, anti-Bitcoin proponents and the uneducated add to the confusion by repeating false accusations.
Blanket statements such as "Bitcoin is only used by terrorists, criminals and money launderers" or "proof of work is wasteful and uses as much energy as X country", continue to cast a shadow over the technology.
Bitcoin is still a relatively new form of digital money, the likes of which the world has never seen, as such, it is easy to be misled by outdated or poorly formed arguments. “Bitcoin isn't backed by anything” is another commonly used argument, which fails to recognise that neither is fiat currency and is printed at will, whereas Bitcoin has a fixed supply.
In this interview, I am joined by Nic Carter, a partner at Castle Island Ventures, and we discuss and dispel the myths, untruths and FUD that Bitcoin faces.
Location: Skype Date: Thursday 27th Feb Project: What Bitcoin Did & Defiance Role: Host
Venezuela is in the midst of a political crisis. For 20 years the country has been governed by the socialist party, led by Hugo Chavez from 1999 until his death in 2013. Following his death, Nicolás Maduro, his preferred successor, took control of the country following a much-disputed election.
Under Manduro, the economy and local currency have collapsed, with extreme hyperinflation reaching unprecedented levels. The inflation rate reached 69% in 2014, and by 2018 grew to an astonishing 1,698,488%, leading to significant growth in poverty, hunger and mass migration, with millions leaving the country to find work, food and medical supplies.
With the collapse of the Bolivar, many Bitcoiners, including myself, asked whether Bitcoin could help. Could Bitcoin reduce the impact of hyperinflation? Could locals mine Bitcoin at low energy costs to earn an income? I visited Venezuela to find the answers to some of these questions and asked fellow podcaster Stephan Livera to interview me about my experience. We discuss the realities of life in Venezuela and the myths and truths of Bitcoin adoption.
Location: Santiago, Chile Date: Tuesday, 4th February Project: Buda Role: Co-founder
Chile was one of South America’s richest and most politically stable countries, but recent political unrest has led to daily violent protests.
These protests are considered the worst in Chile’s history and were sparked by a rise in the Santiago Metro's subway fare. This was seen as another attack on the working class and highlighted the inequalities prevalent in the system.
Since the protests began on October 7th there have been a reported 29 deaths, 2,500 injuries and over 2,800 arrests.
In this interview, I talk to Guillermo Torrealba the Co-founder and CEO of Buda, a Bitcoin and cryptocurrency exchange that operates in Chile, Argentina, Colombia & Peru. We discuss the ongoing political crisis in Chile, Bitcoin and climate change.
Location: Skype Date: Tuesday, 25th February Project: What Bitcoin Did & Defiance Role: Host
Welcome to the Beginner's Guide to Bitcoin.
Bitcoin can be intimidating for beginners. The protocol is complicated, the community can be aggressive and unforgiving, silly mistakes can lose you money, and it is easy to succumb to altcoin marketing.
Bitcoin does though, offer you the opportunity to hold a new type of monetary asset, one which can't be seized by the government and is censorship resistance and It has the potential to change the way the world.
The goal of What Bitcoin Did has always been about making things simple; there are no stupid questions, and the show is here to help beginners navigate this new world. To kick off 2020, we are launching a special series to help beginners understand Bitcoin. We will be looking at the basics from breaking down the protocol to explaining the economics and discussing the potential societal shift.
Beginner’s Guide Part 14 - Bitcoin Things You Need to Know with Peter McCormack
The Bitcoin Beginner’s Guide is all about breaking down the complexities of Bitcoin and making them as simple as possible to understand. In the series, we’ve explored everything from why we need Bitcoin, the economics, the protocol and even privacy, but, what have we learned?
As a breakaway from the regular show structure, I decided to put myself in the hot seat and answer questions about Bitcoin. I wanted to challenge myself, see how much I have learned, and whether I can explain these complicated subjects accurately.
With the help of my producer Danny, we break down the key takeaways from the Beginner’s Guide series. We discuss Satoshi and the whitepaper, the 21 million hard cap, block rewards and size, mining, running a node and privacy.
Location: Las Vegas Date: Thursday, 20th February Project: Zap & Strike Role: Founder
Welcome to the Beginner's Guide to Bitcoin.
Bitcoin can be intimidating for beginners. The protocol is complicated, the community can be aggressive and unforgiving, silly mistakes can lose you money, and it is easy to succumb to altcoin marketing.
Bitcoin does though, offer you the opportunity to hold a new type of monetary asset, one which can't be seized by the government and is censorship resistance and It has the potential to change the way the world.
The goal of What Bitcoin Did has always been about making things simple; there are no stupid questions, and the show is here to help beginners navigate this new world. To kick off 2020, we are launching a special series to help beginners understand Bitcoin. We will be looking at the basics from breaking down the protocol to explaining the economics and discussing the potential societal shift.
Beginners Guide Part 13 - The Lightning Network with Jack Mallers
Bitcoin produces a 1mb block on average every 10 minutes. The block size and time limitations are essential for keeping the blockchain small enough so that anyone is realistically able to run a full node, keeping Bitcoin decentralised.
The block size limit, however, does present a scalability issue, as there is a maximum number of transactions that can be broadcast in each block. The limit led to an acrimonious scaling debate, lasting years which resulted in a fork of the Bitcoin protocol and the arrival of Bitcoin Cash. With Bitcoin, layer two solutions have been hailed as the best way to solve scaling.
The Lightning Network is a Layer 2 solution that runs on top of Bitcoin. By allowing users to create channels, Lightning allows for P2P micropayments that settle almost instantly and at a low cost.
The Lightning Network offers other benefits such as improved privacy because the details of Lightning payments aren't on the public blockchain.
The Lightning Network is still a relatively new protocol, as such, it can be intimidating to newcomers as the user experience has some key differences from transacting on the basechain.
In Part 13 of the Beginner's Guide to Bitcoin, I talk to Jack Mallers, the founder of Zap Lightning Wallet and Strike. We discuss the Lightning Network, the scaling debate, fees, settlement and the future of the protocol.
Location: Skype Date: Monday, 17th February Project: Casa Role: CTO
Welcome to the Beginner's Guide to Bitcoin.
Bitcoin can be intimidating for beginners. The protocol is complicated, the community can be aggressive and unforgiving, silly mistakes can lose you money, and it is easy to succumb to altcoin marketing.
Bitcoin does though, offer you the opportunity to hold a new type of monetary asset, one which can't be seized by the government and is censorship resistance and It has the potential to change the way the world.
The goal of What Bitcoin Did has always been about making things simple; there are no stupid questions, and the show is here to help beginners navigate this new world. To kick off 2020, we are launching a special series to help beginners understand Bitcoin. We will be looking at the basics from breaking down the protocol to explaining the economics and discussing the potential societal shift.
Beginners Guide Part 12 - Bitcoin Privacy & OpSec with Jameson Lopp
When entering Bitcoin, you leave behind the traditional banking system. Bitcoin allows you to take back your monetary sovereignty, and with that, you must secure your coins. With Bitcoin, there is no insurance or fraud prevention, and if you mismanage your private keys and someone can access them, hackers can steal your Bitcoin.
There are several techniques that you can use to protect your Bitcoin from hackers as well as your transactions and personal information from data-hungry companies such as Facebook and Google:
VPN - Running a VPN masks your identity and location.
2FA - Two-factor authentication such as Google Authenticator & YubiKey adds another layer of security to your accounts. (Not SMS 2FA)
Browsers - Privacy focused browsers such as Tor & Brave help shield your online activity from trackers and fingerprinting
Hardware Wallets - Using a hardware wallet such as ColdCard, Ledger or Trezor takes your private keys offline and if your seed phrase is stored correctly is a very secure way of holding your Bitcoin
Running a Node - A node is a program that directly connects to the Bitcoin network and allows you to verify the state of the blockchain and validate transactions. This removes the need to trust someone else's node to verify your transactions and balances.
In Part 12 of the Beginner's Guide to Bitcoin, I talk to Jameson Lopp, co-founder and CTO at Casa, and renowned Bitcoin privacy expert. We discuss Bitcoin privacy, best practices and operational security.
Location: Caracas, Venezuela Date: Thursday, 13th February Project: Cointelegraph Role: Journalist
Venezuela is many years into a political and economic crisis. Rooted in the Hugo Chavez presidency and continued by Nicolas Maduro, Venezuela is a mafia dictatorship wearing the cloak of socialism.
Years of economic mismanagement and corruption has led to financial disaster in Venezuelan, comparatively worse than the Great Depression, Zimbabwe's 2008–2009 hyperinflation crisis and the breakup of the Soviet Union.
Hyperinflation led to significant growth in poverty, starvation and mass migration, with millions leaving the country. With the collapse of the currency, many Bitcoiners, including myself, asked whether Bitcoin could help. Could Bitcoin reduce the impact of hyperinflation? Could locals mine Bitcoin at low energy costs to earn an income? I visited Venezuela to find out.
In this interview, I talk to Javier Bastardo, a journalist for Cointelegraph, based in Caracas, Venezuela. We discuss Venezuela's political and economic situation, hyperinflation and the reality of Bitcoin adoption in the country.
Location: Bogota, Colombia Date: Tuesday, 11th February Project: InTiColombia & Buda Role: Co-Director & Country Manager Colombia
The use case for Bitcoin can vary from country to country. How people use Bitcoin in New York will differ from on the border of Colombia and Venezuela. Where speculators may have access to the best hardware wallets and sophisticated security, those in the developing world may have to share a phone and have limited data connectivity.
As part of my series covering Bitcoin Around the World, I am going to visit the far reaches of our planet, to look at how different communities are using Bitcoin and the challenges they face.
In this interview, I speak to Mauricio Tovar Gutierrez & Alejandro Beltran Torrado, part of the Bitcoin community in Bogota, Colombia. We discuss the politics and economics of Colombia, Bitcoin regulation and their close ties with Venezuela.
Location: Skype Date: Tuesday, 4th February Project: Ikigai Asset Management Role: Chief Investment Officer
Welcome to the Beginner's Guide to Bitcoin.
Bitcoin can be intimidating for beginners. The protocol is complicated, the community can be aggressive and unforgiving, silly mistakes can lose you money, and it is easy to succumb to altcoin marketing.
Bitcoin does though, offer you the opportunity to hold a new type of monetary asset, one which can't be seized by the government and is censorship resistance and It has the potential to change the way the world.
The goal of What Bitcoin Did has always been about making things simple; there are no stupid questions, and the show is here to help beginners navigate this new world. To kick off 2020, we are launching a special series to help beginners understand Bitcoin. We will be looking at the basics from breaking down the protocol to explaining the economics and discussing the potential societal shift.
Beginners Guide Part 11 -Bitcoin and the Macroeconomy with Travis Kling
Bitcoin was born in the wake of the 2008 global financial crisis, the worst economic disaster since the great depression. A bubble born out of years of cheap credit and poor government oversight, Satoshi recognised this.
In 2009 as the UK's Chancellor of the Exchequer was preparing to bail out the UK's failing banks, for the second time, Satoshi Nakamoto was releasing Bitcoin to the world.
Bitcoin's monetary policy is the antithesis of the central banks, by removing centralised decisions and forcing the market to fix itself. Further, It is a non-sovereign, global, immutable, digital, decentralised, hard money.
Twelve years on from the global financial crisis, some economists believe we may be heading towards a global recession. If this is correct, can Bitcoin become a hedge or insurance? Could it even emerge as the global reserve currency?
In Part 11 of the Beginner's Guide to Bitcoin, I talk to Travis Kling, Chief Investment Officer at Ikigai. We discuss the great big fiat experiment, monetary and fiscal policy, social unrest and where Bitcoin fits into all of this.
Location: Skype Date: Monday, 3rd February Project: Tales from the Crypt & Rabbit Hole Recap Role: Co-host
Welcome to the Beginner's Guide to Bitcoin.
Bitcoin can be intimidating for beginners. The protocol is complicated, the community can be aggressive and unforgiving, silly mistakes can lose you money, and it is easy to succumb to altcoin marketing.
Bitcoin does though, offer you the opportunity to hold a new type of monetary asset, one which can't be seized by the government and is censorship resistance and It has the potential to change the way the world.
The goal of What Bitcoin Did has always been about making things simple; there are no stupid questions, and the show is here to help beginners navigate this new world. To kick off 2020, we are launching a special series to help beginners understand Bitcoin. We will be looking at the basics from breaking down the protocol to explaining the economics and discussing the potential societal shift.
Beginners Guide Part 10 - Buying, Spending and Earning Bitcoin with Matt Odell
Most people looking to buy Bitcoin for the first time will use an exchange such as Kraken or Coinbase because they offer a simple way to buy and sell Bitcoin. Using your debit card or bank transfer, you can quickly swap your fiat currency into Bitcoin.
Once you have bought Bitcoin, you will receive it in your wallet on the exchange. While some exchanges such as Kraken pride themselves on their security, these custodians, who look after hundreds of millions of dollars in Bitcoin are a prime target for hackers. Exchanges are continually fighting off attackers, and many exchange hacks have led to significant losses for those holding their Bitcoin with them.
In Bitcoin, if you don't control your private keys, you don't own your Bitcoin. That means the first thing you should do once you have bought your first Bitcoin is to move it to a wallet you are in control of.
Buying on an exchange isn't the only way to get your hands on Bitcoin. While many buy their Bitcoin, Andreas M. Antonopoulos encourages people to, instead, earn Bitcoin.
While countries like New Zealand have taken steps to make paying employees in Bitcoin easier, it is still not an option that's available to everyone. So, if your employer won't pay you in Bitcoin, how else can you earn it?
Bitcoin cashback is one way of increasing your holdings. Services like Lolli and Fold, offer cashback from retailers, including Amazon, Starbucks, Expedia and hundreds more. With sats back credit cards coming, there are now many ways to stack sats without buying Bitcoin.
In Part 10 of the Bitcoin Beginner's Guide, I talk to Matt Odell, co-host of Tales from the Crypt and Rabbit Hole Recap. We discuss the best way to buy Bitcoin, privacy as well as how to spend and earn Bitcoin.
Location: Skype Date: Sunday, 26th January Project: Castle Island Ventures Role: Partner
Welcome to the Beginner's Guide to Bitcoin.
Bitcoin can be intimidating for beginners. The protocol is complicated, the community can be aggressive and unforgiving, silly mistakes can lose you money, and it is easy to succumb to altcoin marketing.
Bitcoin does though, offer you the opportunity to hold a new type of monetary asset, one which can't be seized by the government and is censorship resistance and It has the potential to change the way the world.
The goal of What Bitcoin Did has always been about making things simple; there are no stupid questions, and the show is here to help beginners navigate this new world. To kick off 2020, we are launching a special series to help beginners understand Bitcoin. We will be looking at the basics from breaking down the protocol to explaining the economics and discussing the potential societal shift.
Beginners Guide Part 9 - Altcoins, A History of Failure with Nic Carter
From faster transactions to lower fees to better privacy, almost every altcoin promises to improve upon some technical aspect of Bitcoin. The blockchain myth, as some utopian database structure, has been nothing more than a marketing term for fundraising and hype, with little to no real-world traction.
The soul of Bitcoin is not embedded in some technical measure but in the trust of the protocol. Improving upon some technological measure of Bitcoin always comes with a trade-off such as reducing decentralisation or security. The beauty of Bitcoin is in its simplicity, something which can take time to understand.
The altcoin marketing machine can be a tempting distraction for those new to the world of crypto, but the long-term trend suggests that these investments are risky. Even trading altcoins as a way of increasing your Bitcoin holding comes at significant risk. Since the ICO bubble of 2017/18, the vast majority of these projects have all but died, with many holding worthless bags of hopium.
In Part 9 of the Bitcoin Beginner’s Guide, I talk to Nic Carter Partner at Castle Island Ventures a Venture Capital firm focused on public blockchains. We discuss the history of altcoins, their inferiority to Bitcoin, and why the failure rate is so high.
Location: Skype Date: Monday, 27th January Project: Coin Center Role: Peter Van Valkenburgh & Jerry Brito
Welcome to the Beginner's Guide to Bitcoin.
Bitcoin can be intimidating for beginners. The protocol is complicated, the community can be aggressive and unforgiving, silly mistakes can lose you money, and it is easy to succumb to altcoin marketing.
Bitcoin does though, offer you the opportunity to hold a new type of monetary asset, one which can't be seized by the government and is censorship resistance and It has the potential to change the way the world.
The goal of What Bitcoin Did has always been about making things simple; there are no stupid questions, and the show is here to help beginners navigate this new world. To kick off 2020, we are launching a special series to help beginners understand Bitcoin. We will be looking at the basics from breaking down the protocol to explaining the economics and discussing the potential societal shift.
Beginners Guide Part 8 - How is Bitcoin Legal with Peter Van Valkenburgh & Jerry Brito
Bitcoin is still a relatively new technology. However, it is already a very real threat to government-issued fiat currencies and central banks. This has made regulating Bitcoin a tricky proposition for governments.
China took a hard-line approach to this new asset class and in 2013, banned Bitcoin transactions, and in 2017, the government banned exchanges and ICOs. In Bolivia, there is a unilateral ban on all cryptocurrencies.
Other countries have taken a far more progressive view of Bitcoin, embracing it, though often with caution.
Most accepting has been Malta which has created the Malta Digital Innovation Authority; a government body brought in specifically for creating responsible crypto policy.
While the regulatory landscape is complex and jurisdiction-specific, regulations tend to apply more aggressively to businesses in the space than users. These laws and regulations that Bitcoin businesses must comply with, however, still have an impact. For example; the majority of exchanges must follow AML/KYC rules which means when buying Bitcoin on an exchange you do give up your privacy.
In Part 8 of the Bitcoin Beginner's Guide and to help explain and navigate the regulatory landscape I talk to Peter Van Valkenburgh & Jerry Britto, the Director of Research & Executive Director at Coin Center a non-profit focused on the policy issues for Bitcoin. We discuss the Bitcoin regulatory landscape and the implications to the users.
Location: Skype Date: Wednesday, 22nd January Project: Kraken Role: Head of Business Development
Welcome to the Beginner's Guide to Bitcoin.
Bitcoin can be intimidating for beginners. The protocol is complicated, the community can be aggressive and unforgiving, silly mistakes can lose you money, and it is easy to succumb to altcoin marketing.
Bitcoin does though, offer you the opportunity to hold a new type of monetary asset, one which can't be seized by the government and is censorship resistance and It has the potential to change the way the world.
The goal of What Bitcoin Did has always been about making things simple; there are no stupid questions, and the show is here to help beginners navigate this new world. To kick off 2020, we are launching a special series to help beginners understand Bitcoin. We will be looking at the basics from breaking down the protocol to explaining the economics and discussing the potential societal shift.
Beginners Guide Part 7 - Bitcoin's Monetary Policy with Dan Held
In our current economic system, currency is issued by the central banks. As fiat (government-issued money) is no longer backed by gold or any other scarce asset these central banks are able to print, or issue money at will.
As more and more money is printed and enters circulation, the money you hold in your bank account becomes a smaller percentage of the total supply and therefore loses value. This by de-facto promotes spending rather than saving and by many, is seen as a flaw in the financial system.
When Satoshi released the Bitcoin protocol, it offered an alternative to this system: scarce digital money. Satoshi gave Bitcoin a fixed supply of 21 million Bitcoins. He also designed an issuance schedule of 50BTC every ~10 minutes which is cut in half every 210,000 blocks (~4 years).
The exact number of the total supply of Bitcoin is not important and it doesn’t matter that the issuance schedule is designed exactly as it is, what is crucial is that this monetary policy can’t be changed.
These rules are part of the Bitcoin protocol and can not be amended or changed without a hard fork. Social consensus for a change like this would almost certainly never happen and Bitcoiners can be confident that their Bitcoin holdings will not lose value to do inflation.
In Part 7 of the Bitcoin Beginner’s Guide, I talk to Dan Held Bitcoin OG and Director of Business Development at Kraken to look at Bitcoin’s monetary policy. We discuss how the economy works, the 21 million hard cap, the release schedule and block rewards.
Location: Skype Date: Friday, 17th January Project: Block Digest Role: Host
Welcome to the Beginner's Guide to Bitcoin.
Bitcoin can be intimidating for beginners. The protocol is complicated, the community can be aggressive and unforgiving, silly mistakes can lose you money, and it is easy to succumb to altcoin marketing.
Bitcoin does though, offer you the opportunity to hold a new type of monetary asset, one which can't be seized by the government and is censorship resistance and It has the potential to change the way the world.
The goal of What Bitcoin Did has always been about making things simple; there are no stupid questions, and the show is here to help beginners navigate this new world. To kick off 2020, we are launching a special series to help beginners understand Bitcoin. We will be looking at the basics from breaking down the protocol to explaining the economics and discussing the potential societal shift.
Beginners Guide Part 6 - How Bitcoin Works with Shinobi
As a newcomer to Bitcoin, you can begin using the network without understanding the protocol. While in the early days Bitcoin required a level of technical knowledge, there is now a plethora of companies creating products which abstract this away.
As Bitcoin is such a unique form of money, you should invest time in understanding some of the more complicated aspects such as how the protocol works. While there are good wallets which will take care of validating transactions for you, by operating a node, you can become fully self-sovereign by validating your transactions.
The Bitcoin protocol is complicated, so in this episode, we give you an introduction and overview of how it works:
Supply - Bitcoin has a fixed supply of 21 million coins and a fixed supply issuance. Starting at 50BTC per block this reward is cut in half every 210,000 blocks (or ~every four years).
UTXOs - an Unspent Transaction Output which is used as an input for a new transaction.
Open-source - openly available source code that anyone can access allowing anyone to review and contribute to the code.
Consensus rules - the rules that full nodes must follow to be in agreement with all other nodes on the state of the blockchain
Full Node - a program that verifies and validates all transactions and blocks for the entire history of the Bitcoin blockchain
Mining - the process of adding transactions to the Bitcoin ledger and securing the network. Miners create blocks by spending energy in what is known as proof of work.
The difficulty adjustment - this alters every 2016 blocks (~2 weeks) based on the time it took to mine the previous 2016 blocks, which is how the network can maintain a ~10 minute block time.
In Part 6 of the Bitcoin Beginner’s Guide, I am joined by Shinobi, host of Block Digest. In this episode, we are looking at how the Bitcoin protocol works. We discuss the supply & halvings, transactions & UTXOs, consensus rules, mining and nodes.
Location: Skype Date: Wednesday, 15th January Project: Tales from the Crypt & Rabbit Hole Recap Role: Host
Welcome to the Beginner's Guide to Bitcoin.
Bitcoin can be intimidating for beginners. The protocol is complicated, the community can be aggressive and unforgiving, silly mistakes can lose you money, and it is easy to succumb to altcoin marketing.
Bitcoin does though, offer you the opportunity to hold a new type of monetary asset, one which can't be seized by the government and is censorship resistance and It has the potential to change the way the world.
The goal of What Bitcoin Did has always been about making things simple; there are no stupid questions, and the show is here to help beginners navigate this new world. To kick off 2020, we are launching a special series to help beginners understand Bitcoin. We will be looking at the basics from breaking down the protocol to explaining the economics and discussing the potential societal shift.
Beginners Guide Part 5 - The History of Bitcoin with Marty Bent
On October 31st 2008 Satoshi published the Bitcoin Whitepaper on a little known cryptography mailing list. There had previously been many attempts at digital cash, so when the whitepaper was released, it was met with a healthy amount of scepticism.
A few months later on January 3rd 2009 Satoshi Nakamoto mined the genesis block and included the message “Chancellor on brink of second bailout for banks”. The message was important and indicated Satoshi’s plan for a new financial system.
In the 11 years that have passed Bitcoin has gone from a niche experiment to a network worth over $160 billion, but the history has been rollercoaster.
Anyone new coming into Bitcoin is likely to hear about critical points in history, and these events helped define Bitcoin and at times teach valuable lessons.
January 12th 2009 - The first Bitcoin transaction between Satoshi Nakamoto and Hal Finney
March 2010 - bitcoinmarket.com started operating as the first Bitcoin exchange
May 22nd 2010 - Lazlo Hanyecz pays 10,000BTC for 2 pizzas
November 27th 2010 - SlushPool becomes the first Bitcoin mining pool
February 2011 - The Silk Road opens, utilising Bitcoin as its currency
April 26th 2011 - Bitcoin creator Satoshi Nakamoto leaves Bitcoin in the hands of Gavin Andreson
June 14th 2011 - Wikileaks starts accepting donations in Bitcoin. Visa and Mastercard & ban payments and PayPal freeze their accounts
April 24th 2012 - Erik Voorhees launches Satoshi Dice a Bitcoin betting game
June 20th 2012 - Coinbase founded
November 27th 2013 - Bitcoin Reaches $1,000
January 26th 2014 - Charlie Shrem, CEO of BitInstant, is arrested. Charlie eventually pleaded guilty to aiding and abetting the operation of an unlicensed money transmitting business. He was sentenced to two years in prison
February 7th 2014 - Mt. Gox, the largest Bitcoin exchange at the time, halted withdrawals after a security breach. On February 24th 2014 the exchange went offline with 744,408 Bitcoin stolen.
July 2014 - GHash exceeded 51% of the hash rate
July 17th 2014 - The New York BitLicense is proposed to place regulations on any company or person that uses cryptocurrencies residing in New York.
January 14th 2016 - Joseph Poon and Thaddeus Dryja release the Lightning Network Whitepaper
2016 - 2017 - The scaling war. The community were divided between Segregated Witness and/or bigger block sizes as a way of reducing congestion on the blockchain. This culminated on August 1st with the BCash fork.
December 17th 2017 - Bitcoin reaches its all-time high of $20,000
December 18th 2017 - CME launches Bitcoin futures contract
March 15th 2018 - Elizabeth Stark announces the initial release of lnd 0.4-beta for developers
July 12th 2019 - Donald Trump tweets about Bitcoin
In Part 5 of The Beginner’s Guide to Bitcoin, I talk to Marty Bent the host of Tales from the Crypt & Rabbit Hole Recap. We discuss the key events in Bitcoin’s history from the launch of the protocol to the Silk Road and the Scaling Wars.
Location: Skype Date: Tuesday, 14th January Project: The Stephan Livera Podcast Role: Host
Welcome to the Beginner's Guide to Bitcoin.
Bitcoin can be intimidating for beginners. The protocol is complicated, the community can be aggressive and unforgiving, silly mistakes can lose you money, and it is easy to succumb to altcoin marketing.
Bitcoin does though, offer you the opportunity to hold a new type of monetary asset, one which can't be seized by the government and is censorship resistance and It has the potential to change the way the world.
The goal of What Bitcoin Did has always been about making things simple; there are no stupid questions, and the show is here to help beginners navigate this new world. To kick off 2020, we are launching a special series to help beginners understand Bitcoin. We will be looking at the basics from breaking down the protocol to explaining the economics and discussing the potential societal shift.
Beginners Guide Part 4 - What is Bitcoin with Stephan Livera
Despite being considered a high-risk asset, there are many reasons why people continue to buy Bitcoin. For some, Bitcoin is a speculative tool, for others, it is a means of payment, and for some, it is a hedge against local fiat currency risk and hyperinflation.
It is the unique features of Bitcoin, which is driving adoption, and it is the growth in adoption, which is driving speculation. One key feature of Bitcoin is that it is censorship-resistant, this means that anyone can send anyone else a payment which no third party can block. This was important to Wikileaks when PayPal froze their account and Visa and Mastercard stopped processing payments. Bitcoin became a lifeline for Wikileaks.
The key features of Bitcoin are open to everyone. With a smartphone and an internet connection, anyone can enter this new financial system without requiring permission from the government or an account with a bank. How is this possible? Because Bitcoin is decentralised.
So what makes Bitcoin censorship resistant? What is decentralisation, and why does it matter? And why are trusted third parties security holes?
In Part 4 of The Bitcoin Beginner’s Guide, I ask fellow podcaster Stephan Livera, what is Bitcoin? We discuss how Bitcoin works, its key features such as decentralisation and censorship resistance and the reasons why people might want to own it.
Location: Skype Date: Thursday, 9th January Project: Bitcoin Magazine Role: Technical Editor
Welcome to the Beginner's Guide to Bitcoin.
Bitcoin can be intimidating for beginners. The protocol is complicated, the community can be aggressive and unforgiving, silly mistakes can lose you money, and it is easy to succumb to altcoin marketing.
Bitcoin does though, offer you the opportunity to hold a new type of monetary asset, one which can't be seized by the government and is censorship resistance and It has the potential to change the way the world.
The goal of What Bitcoin Did has always been about making things simple; there are no stupid questions, and the show is here to help beginners navigate this new world. To kick off 2020, we are launching a special series to help beginners understand Bitcoin. We will be looking at the basics from breaking down the protocol to explaining the economics and discussing the potential societal shift.
Beginners Guide Part 3 - Aaron van Wirdum on Bitcoin's Pre-History and the Cypherpunks
Founded by Eric Hughes, Tim May and John Gilmore the cypherpunks were a group of hackers, privacy enthusiasts and crypto-anarchists. The group consisted of some of the most prominent cryptographers including Phil Zimmermann, Adam Back, Nick Szabo and Hal Finney.
The cypherpunks had its factions; some focussed on privacy tools, others on encryption and some on building decentralised monetary systems. It was on the cypherpunk mailing list and during their meetups that the building blocks of Bitcoin were born.
On October 31st 2008, Satoshi Nakamoto emailed the cypherpunk mailing list, telling them "I've been working on a new electronic cash system that's fully peer-to-peer, with no trusted third party." In the 11 years that followed Bitcoin has proven to be the most successful attempt at creating a censorship-resistant and trust minimised digital currency.
Each previous attempt at creating a form of digital money had solved parts of the puzzle, but Satoshi was able to put these pieces together along with his innovations to create Bitcoin. The previous attempts included:
In the 1990's eCash, headed by David Chaum, attempted to make online payments anonymous.
In 1997 Adam Back created HashCash, a proof-of-work system to reduce email spam and prevent denial of service attacks.
In 1998 Wei Dai proposed B-money to allow for an "anonymous, distributed electronic cash system".
Around the same time, Nick Szabo proposed Bit Gold where unforgettable proof of work chains would share properties of gold: scarce, valuable and trust minimised but with the benefit of being easily transactable.
In 2004 Hal Finney built upon the idea of Hashcash and created Reusable Proofs of Work.
When Satoshi released the Bitcoin whitepaper, rather than a revolution, Bitcoin was an evolution of all that had come before it with Bitcoin being the most trust minimised, censorship-resistant and hardest currency that has ever existed.
In Part 3 of The Bitcoin Beginner's Guide, I talk to Aaron van Wirdum, a journalist and Technical Editor at Bitcoin Magazine. Aaron explains the cypherpunk movement and the digital money projects which paved the way for Bitcoin.
Location: Skype Date: Monday, 6th January Project: Unchained Capital Role: Head of Business Development
Welcome to The Beginner's Guide to Bitcoin
Bitcoin can be intimidating for beginners. The protocol is complicated, the community can be aggressive and unforgiving, silly mistakes can lose you money, and it is easy to succumb to altcoin marketing.
Bitcoin does though, offer you the opportunity to hold a new type of monetary asset, one which can't be seized by the government and is censorship resistance and It has the potential to change the way the world.
The goal of What Bitcoin Did has always been about making things simple; there are no stupid questions, and the show is here to help beginners navigate this new world. To kick off 2020, we are launching a special series to help beginners understand Bitcoin. We will be looking at the basics from breaking down the protocol to explaining the economics and discussing the potential societal shift.
Part 2 - What is Money with Parker Lewis
As the old adage says: money makes the world go round, but why? Money allows for free trade between people, solving the double coincidence of wants problem.
To facilitate trade, early money took many forms: from Rai stones to salt to shells. The characteristics of base metals quickly led them to become the dominant form of money once introduced, with gold being the most valued.
In the 1800s, both the UK and the US, as well as many other countries, implemented a gold standard, allowing banks to issue paper money to represent the gold that they held in reserve. The gold standard maintained gold as a hard currency but with paper bills solving the problem of transporting heavy bullion and divisibility.
In the 1930s, during the depression, the US government devalued gold and made it illegal to own privately. In 1931 the UK abandoned the gold standard, and in 1971 the US severed any remaining ties to it. This marked the beginning of the current era of money.
Whereas gold has the characteristics of sound money - it is durable, divisible, fungible and scarce, the new fiat monetary system didn’t and therefore was open to abuse by government. With its infinite supply, it misses the key characteristics of sound money, scarcity and cost of production.
Bitcoin has all the characteristics of sound money; however, in one key area, it far exceeds gold - transferability. In a digital age, Bitcoin is sound money that can be sent over the internet and has the potential to change the nature of money for everyone.
In part 2 of The Bitcoin Beginner’s Guide, I talk to Parker Lewis head of business development at Unchained Capital. Parker answers the question, what is money? We also discuss the history of money and the characteristics of sound money.
Location: Skype Date: Monday, 11th November Project: aantonop.com Role: Author & Public Speaker
Welcome to The Beginner's Guide to Bitcoin
Bitcoin can be intimidating for beginners. The protocol is complicated, the community can be aggressive and unforgiving, silly mistakes can lose you money, and it is easy to succumb to altcoin marketing.
Bitcoin does though, offer you the opportunity to hold a new type of monetary asset, one which can't be seized by the government and is censorship resistance and It has the potential to change the way the world.
The goal of What Bitcoin Did has always been about making things simple; there are no stupid questions, and the show is here to help beginners navigate this new world. To kick off 2020, we are launching a special series to help beginners understand Bitcoin. We will be looking at the basics from breaking down the protocol to explaining the economics and discussing the potential societal shift.
Part 1 - Andreas M. Antonopoulos on Why We Need Bitcoin
Bitcoin is multifaceted. Some treat Bitcoin as a speculative tool for growing wealth, others as a way of avoiding financial censorship from traditional payment channels, and some use it as a way of claiming their monetary sovereignty and removing power from the banks and state.
The real reason Bitcoin is essential is for all of these reasons and more.
On 3rd January 2009, Bitcoin was introduced to the world by its pseudonymous creator (or creators), going by the name of Satoshi Nakamoto. Bitcoin brought with it an alternative to the banking system, a way of truly controlling your finances and to 'be your own bank'.
Being your own bank is incredibly powerful but is often a confusing and misused term. There are currently 1.7 billion people across the world who do not have access to proper banking services. Bitcoin can fix this by allowing users to hold, send and receive value.
Cross-border payments are expensive and complicated using traditional banking and financial systems, and that's assuming the recipient has the means to receive payment. Bitcoin fixes this.
Governments have a history of putting pressure on payment systems to stop allowing payments to recipients that they deem unfit. In 2010 Visa, Mastercard and PayPal all stopped allowing payments to WikiLeaks. Bitcoin fixed this.
Bitcoin's power is in its decentralised, censorship-resistant, neutral, permissionless network that allows you to transact globally without any intermediary or third party and with whoever you want for whatever reason you want. Bitcoin doesn't care.
We will soon be living in a cashless society, government-issued 'fiat' currency will become entirely digital, and we will wave goodbye to any remaining shreds of financial privacy that still exist. Some governments will look to create a cryptocurrency alternative; providing the perfect tool for increased financial surveillance and oppression and represents the antithesis of Bitcoin.
So, maybe we will have to choose whether its Bitcoin or a state-run digital currency. Should we choose Bitcoin?
This interview previously appeared on my other show Defiance and is a great starting point for the beginner's guide. Here I talk to Andreas M. Antonopoulos to find out. Andreas is a speaker and the best selling author of Mastering Bitcoin and The Internet of Money and is unrivalled in evangelising Bitcoin. Andreas explains why the current monetary and financial system is no longer fit for purpose and why Bitcoin may be the answer.
Location: New York Date: Monday, 23rd December Project: Tales from the Crypt & Rabbit Hole Recap Role: Co-host
The Bitcoin space moves fast, and 2019 has been no different. Starting the year at the bottom of a harsh bear market after hitting a low of $3,100, Bitcoin began 2019 trading close to $3600. While the price spiked at around $14,000, it has settled in the $7-8k range, representing an approximate 100% rise in price. Also, despite the volatility, the hashrate has reached an all-time high.
Bitcoin has been featured widely in the media, and everyone from NFL player Russell Okung to Donald Trump and even President Xi have spoken about it. The Lightning Network has grown from strength to strength with Bitfinex now accepting Lightning deposits and the Tor Project accepting Lightning donations.
The SEC is still yet to approve a Bitcoin ETF with Bitwise' proposal the latest to be rejected. Jack Dorsey launched Square Crypto, and Facebook made plans to launch a 'cryptocurrency' called Libra.
With exchanges, Cryptopia was hacked and subsequently shut down, and QuadrigaCX suffered the same fate following the suspicious and shock death of its CEO Gerald Cotten.
So 2019 has been a busy year in Bitcoin and my final interview of the year is with Matt Odell, co-host of the Tales from the Crypt and Rabbit Hole Recap. We take a look back at 2019, discussing Bitcoin only businesses, the most important projects and our predictions for 2020.
Location: Boulder, Colorado Date: Monday, 23rd December Project: Zap Role: Founder
The Lightning Network is a layer two solution that allows users to send and receive Bitcoin 'off-chain'. Sending and receiving transactions on Lightning is both fast and cheap, allowing the Bitcoin network to scale while maintaining decentralisation by keeping the basechain block size small.
The technology isn't perfect though. In its current state, the Lightning Network can be complicated and intimidating to newcomers as the user experience has key differences from transacting on the basechain. Lightning is developing at pace, and UX design is abstracting away many of the intricacies of the network.
Lightning as a micropayment mechanism for the mainstream market is just one potential use. Jack Mallers, Founder of the Lightning Network wallet Zap, thinks that Lightning may have a far broader value proposition.
In this interview, I review The Lightning Network in 2019 with Zap founder Jack Mallers. We discuss why Lightning matters, private key management, custodial v non-custodial wallets, and how proprietary trading firms may be the next big use case.
Location: El Salvador Date: Thursday, 19th December Project: Bitcoin Beach Role: Founder
El Salvador is a country gripped by gang violence. It consistently ranks among countries with the highest murder rate per capita and is one of the deadliest countries in the American subcontinent. Gangs are prolific, and unlike other Central and South American countries, the drug route through Central America misses El Salvador, so instead, the gangs here turn to extortion and murder.
Jobs are scarce, and a considerable percentage of men leave the country in search of work, others are pulled into gang life, imprisoned or murdered. The breakup of the family and the difficulty of finding a job makes recruiting new gang members easy, perpetuating the gang culture.
Bitcoin Beach is trying to help. The organisation is building a Bitcoin economy in Punta Mango, a small beach town in El Salvador. Bitcoin Beach offers free Bitcoin classes and pays young people in Bitcoin to do work such as clean the polluted rivers and streets and stay in education. Local businesses are incentivised to accept Bitcoin, creating a local Bitcoin circular economy.
In this interview, I speak to Michael Peterson founder of Bitcoin Beach, to discuss the project, creating a Bitcoin economy, custodial vs non-custodial solutions and the gangs and violence that plague El Salvador.
Location: Uruguay Date: Sunday, 15th December Project: arielmuslera.com | IOVLabs Role: VC Investor | CEO
Bitcoin is still mostly a speculative asset in the developed world. However, in countries with a history of poor monetary policy, Bitcoin is now a viable hedge against high inflation and government seizure.
Argentina's recent history is one of poor monetary policy. Between 1991 and 2002 the Argentine Peso was pegged to the USD with the central bank claiming to operate a full reserve. This peg was used to combat hyperinflation and initially appeared to work with inflation falling from 3000% in 1989 to 3.4% in 1994.
The reality was very different, and the strong USD overvalued the Argentine Peso and made international trade difficult. In 2001 the dollar-pegged Argentine Peso was abandoned, and the Argentine peso has lost over 98% of its value with 1 USD now buying almost 60 pesos.
With hyperinflation and the capital controls used by the Argentinian government, many locals look to find ways of protecting their wealth with hard assets. While many will use USD and real estate, more and more are turning to Bitcoin as a way to preserve their capital.
In this interview, I speak to Ariel Muslera and Diego Gutierrez-Zaldivar about the current state of monetary policy in Argentina, the political landscape, and how more and more Argentinians are using Bitcoin to hedge risk.
Location: Skype Date: Wednesday, 17th December Project: nathanielrich.com Role: Author
In December 2018 Gerald Cotten, the CEO of Canadian crypto exchange Quadriga, was on his honeymoon in India with his new wife. While there Gerald fell sick and a few days later died from complications related to his Crohn's disease.
Gerald was the only person who held the private keys to Quadriga's cold storage wallet, leaving an estimated CA$250m ($190 US) of customer deposits unrecoverable. In January 2019 QuadrigaCX, Canada's largest cryptocurrency exchange shut down for business, filing for bankruptcy in April.
While initially it was suspected the loss was down to gross incompetence and failure to structure a contingency plan, conspiracies quickly started to circulate:
Had Gerald faked his death in India as an elaborate exit scam?
When Gerald lost $millions of Ethereum in a smart contract bug a couple of years earlier, had he used customer funds on other exchanges to try and trade his way out of this hole?
Had Gerald lost funds he was harbouring for criminal gangs and escaped to avoid repercussions?
To add to the mismanagement of funds and keys the events leading up to and following his death were equally suspicious:
Just days before the trip Gerald had signed a new will leaving his entire estate to his wife.
Following his death, Gerald's wife did not request an autopsy and removed the body from the hospital.
His death was announced on January 14th, Despite dying on December 9th.
Whatever the course of events in India, the death and mismanagement of the exchange and private keys raise many questions, and there are likely parts of the story we may never know.
In this interview, I talk to author Nathaniel Rich about his investigation into Quadriga for Vanity Fair. We discuss the suspicious death of Quadriga's CEO Gerald Cotten, the missing $250m of customer funds and the FBI's investigation.
Note: following my interview with Nathaniel, the lawyers representing the customers of Quadriga have asked Canadian authorities to exhume Gerald's body. You can read more about that here.
Location: Skype Date: Tuesday, 26th Nov Project: Premier Ark LLC Role: Manager
When Bitcoin is held on an exchange or with another 3rd party custodian, that 3rd party owns the Bitcoin, they have control of the private keys and can they have the ability to use it as they choose. As the customer to that custodian, all you have is the promise of that Bitcoin.
One of the core fundamentals of Bitcoin is that it allows you to become self-sovereign; so is adding a layer of trust to a trustless system antithetical to what it was designed to do?
On the anniversary of Bitcoin’s genesis block Trace Mayer’s Proof of Keys campaign encourages everyone to take control of their Bitcoin and remove it from these 3rd party custodians. Not only does this encourage everyone to control their private keys, but it also ‘stress tests’ the exchanges and offers proof that they are running fully reserved.
In this interview, I talk to Trace about his Proof of Keys campaign, exchange hackings, claiming your monetary sovereignty and stress testing custodians.
Location: Los Angeles Date: Monday, 25th Nov Project: hollyrandall.com Role: Pornographer
Holly Randall is a second-generation pornographer and the daughter of Suze Randall, the first female staff photographer for both Playboy and Hustler. In 1998, at the age of 20, Holly became a photographer for the family-run website suze.net.
Having worked in the industry for 20 years, Holly has experienced the porn industry pre and post-internet and witnessed how the industry has adapted to the growth in free online content.
Despite porn being legal, like others in the adult industry, Holly faces a constant battle with financial censorship. Banks regularly close accounts, credit cards are often rejected, payment operators freeze accounts and standard business services such as employee insurance can be hard to get.
With its censorship resistance, trustless and decentralised nature, Bitcoin is a natural fit to help the adult industry solve problems of financial censorship; however, as of now, it is a niche solution for the tech-savvy.
In this interview, I talk to pornographer Holly Randall about censorship. We discuss how the industry has changed, financial censorship, whether Bitcoin can be a solution and the misconceptions and misrepresentations of adult performers.
Location: Austin Date: Friday, 23rd Nov Project: Jimmy Song Consulting Role: Bitcoin Educator, Developer and Entrepreneur
Bitcoiners regularly criticise altcoins; so much so that the term “shitcoin” has become synonymous with anything which isn’t Bitcoin. From the centralised nature of these projects to premines, often Bitcoiner will identify altcoins as a poor investment with some going as far as calling everything that isn’t Bitcoin a scam.
Why are these projects still able to raise $millions in funding and why are investors so divided in their opinions? Are Bitcoiners right that Bitcoin is the only use for a blockchain or are they just toxic and close-minded? Are multicoiners right that this is a new wave in decentralised technology or holding a bias due to their bag holding?
How are inexperienced investors meant to navigate this minefield?
There are nearly 5000 cryptocurrencies with many claiming to have the superior-tech to Bitcoin; whether that’s faster block times or cheaper transactions, Turing complete smart-contracts or environmentally friendly consensus mechanisms. But at what cost? The key trade-off with blockchain technology is decentralisation, where Bitcoin outperforms every other cryptocurrency in the market on almost every measure.
So if decentralisation is key and Bitcoin is king, why do altcoins continue to attract investors despite apparent risks? Is it all down to marketing and the centralised foundations, creators and businesses and are they all doomed to fail?
In this interview, I talk to Jimmy Song; Bitcoin educator, developer and author. Following his recent article “On Altcoin Valuation”, we discuss why altcoins are a poor investment, the misuse of blockchain and why shitcoins rely on marketing to grow.
Location: Austin Date: Thursday, 22nd Nov Project: Adamant Capital Role: Founding Partner
The 16th-century Reformation was a political and cultural upheaval that spread across central and northern Europe. Reformers questioned the power and authority of the Roman Catholic Church and wanted change.
With the Reformation came decades of rebellion and several wars. However, the Reformation also brought with it a significant political and religious shift to greater freedom and a move towards the world we now live.
Could a new Reformation have Bitcoin at its heart? Will cryptography, computation and telecommunications be the 21st-century equivalents of the printing press, bookkeeping and the hourglass of the 16th century?
Millennials have grown up in the wake of 9/11, where safety is not guaranteed, and trust is not a given. The millennials early adulthood witnessed the 2008 global financial crisis, living through a recession and budget cuts alongside reckless and immoral banking practices.
Millennials are also the primary adopters of Bitcoin, and by 2029 they are expected to be the generation with the largest share of disposable income. They will likely be controlling the management of significant funds and institutional money, and this could mean a paradigm shift in the way the world sees and uses Bitcoin and lead to the Bitcoin Reformation.
In this interview, I talk to Tuur Demeester; macro investor, analyst, business cycle expert and founding partner at Adamant Capital. We discuss his recent article The Bitcoin Reformation, Bitcoin financial services and distrust in the current banking system.
Location: Austin Date: Thursday, 22nd Nov Project: Texas Gun Sense Role: Executive Director (Texas Gun Sense) & Board Member (c)
The 2nd Amendment to the U.S constitution outlines Americans’ right to keep and bear arms. America is now home to more guns than people and is the country with the highest number of deaths by firearms in the world.
The gun debate continues to polarise the nation. While many firmly stand by the constitution and see removing their right to own a gun as an attack on their civil liberties, others see the weapons as a dangerous and unnecessary threat responsible for tens of thousands of deaths per year.
Texas Gun Sense is a group who come at this debate with a more nuanced viewpoint. They aim to bring ‘common-sense, fact-based gun policies to Texas’. The organisation is not anti-gun, but they do support increased and more rigorous background checks alongside education to improve gun safety practices.
In a previous episode, Ragnar Lifthrasir joined me on What Bitcoin Did, and we discussed why he believes it is every American’s right to own a gun. To continue the discussion, in this episode, we hear from Executive Director at Texas Gun Sense, Gyl Switzer and Leesa Ross from Lock Arms for Life, whose son was killed in a handgun accident. We discuss their approach to gun ownership while still supporting the 2nd Amendment.
Location: Austin Date: Thursday, 22nd Nov Project: Noded Podcast Role: Co-Host
The ideology of Bitcoiners aligns closely with Libertarians as both value self-sovereignty and self-governance. Because of this, going down the Bitcoin rabbit hole often leads to Libertarianism and Austrian Economics.
There are though many levels of Libertarianism. Some believe in minarchism, the reduction but not complete removal of the state while others believe in full anarchy where there is no centralised state planning, and the free market determines what is best. Alternatively, some see it as a personal philosophy that they follow within the lines of current government and state systems.
How would the free market operate in an imperfect world? Without regulations, would it be possible to keep people safe? What about human greed? Would there be a social cost to a society structured this way?
To find out the answers to some of these questions, I talk to Michael Goldstein, the co-host of the Noded Podcast and President of the Nakamoto Institute to discuss Libertarianism. We discuss Libertarianism, the free market, rejecting activism and the transition to an anarcho-capitalist society.
Location: Indianapolis Date: Monday, 18th November Project: Coinist Podcast Role: Host
Two years ago I sat down with Bitcoin trader & analyst, Luke Martin in LA to record the very first episode of What Bitcoin Did
Luke has dropped out of school to focus on his trading full time, and he’s now known as being one of the most followed in his field. He’s also a fellow podcaster, the host of the Coinist Podcast and even been a guest on CNN.
By coincidence, we managed to find ourselves in the same city exactly two years ago to the day that Luke and I recorded WBD001. Two years is a significant amount of time in Bitcoin and lots has happened. Luke and I have remained friends, and we have supported each other along the way, Luke telling me to stop fighting on Twitter, and I have encouraged Luke to continue podcasting.
As a fellow podcaster, Luke speaks with people in the industry, gaining insights predominantly on the Bitcoin market, trading and exchanges. In this interview, we sit down and reflect on the two years since we recorded WBD001 and discuss Bitcoin, financial services and Twitter.
Location: New York Date: Thursday, 14th Nov Project: Kraken Role: Head of OTC Sales & Trading
Liquidity is crucial for any tradeable asset. A liquid market means lots of buyers and sellers, making it easy to move in and out of a position without paying a premium or selling at a discounted price. Increased liquidity also means a smaller spread (the gap between the highest bid and the lowest ask).
Bitcoin is the most liquid cryptocurrency by far but compared to traditional stocks, bonds or precious metals, it is still comparatively illiquid. For smaller trades this doesn’t present a significant problem, however, for large traders buying and selling tens, hundreds or even thousands of Bitcoin, this can present a challenge as even $100,000 can move the market significantly, especially during times of low volume.
Large traders have the option of using an over-the-counter service which allows them to place an order which is fulfilled by the OTC desk utilising multiple exchanges or other OTC clients orders to limit the effect that these large trades have on the market.
In this interview, I talk to Nelson Minier. Nelson is a Wall Street veteran who, for the last two years, has been head of Kraken’s OTC desk. We discuss working on Wall Street, how an OTC desk operates, and if institutional investors are buying Bitcoin.
Location: London Date: Monday, 11th Nov Project: The Missing Cryptoqueen Role: Host
OneCoin, a project founded by Ruja Ignatova, promised a financial revolution. By the time Ignatova disappeared, the scam was alleged to have received over $5bn in investment (though some estimates may put it at over $15bn).
While OneCoin claimed to be running a private blockchain, in reality, it was a Ponzi scheme where buyers purchased 'packages' and received 'educational material'. During the process, they earned OneCoin tokens, and there were incentive schemes to onboard new users.
Once people had received their OneCoins, the only place they could trade them was with another OneCoin user on the scheme's private 'exchange'. While the scam began to unravel with the disappearance of Ruja and the arrest of her brother, many struggled to accept it was a scam and money continued to pour in.
The word scam is thrown around loosely in crypto, often from cult-like followers who disagree with an ideology that another coin possesses or sometimes due to a lack of knowledge. While some projects may be misguided or have questionable use-cases, not all are scams like OneCoin Bitconnect and PlusToken.
Experienced investors see these projects and immediately identify the warning signs; sadly, this is not necessarily the case for newcomers. The language used in Bitcoin and crypto can be confusing, and when regular people hear or read about a project that is 'The New Bitcoin' with promises the project is like buying Bitcoin at $1, $10 or $100, these scams can quickly suck in naive investors.
So, should Bitcoiners be doing more to spread awareness of these scams as they arise and what can Bitcoiners learn about guiding new investors from scams such as this?
In this interview, I talk to Jamie Bartlett, host of the BBC's podcast The Missing Cryptoqueen, an investigation into OneCoin and the disappearance of its founder Ruja Ignatova. We discuss scams, Ponzi's, pyramids, cults and multi-level marketing.
Location: New York Date: Tuesday, 22nd Oct Project: O'Shaughnessy Asset Management, LLC Role: Chairman & Chief Investment Officer
Jim O'Shaughnessy is a true Wall Street Legend and the best selling author of What Works on Wall Street and Invest Like the Best.
With over 30 years of research in equity returns, Jim O'Shaughnessy is a pioneer of quantitative equity research, with over $6 billion under management.
How he achieved this success is no secret, and his four books share, in detail, what he's learnt along the way. As a New York Times bestseller, he writes on the roles that value, quality and momentum all play in investing.
His grandfather's success sparked Jim's interest in investing. O'Shaughnessy's grandfather built what was, one of the world's largest privately-owned oil companies, before giving away 95% of his fortune. It was family discussions around what to do with that money which got 17-year-old O'Shaughnessy interested in the markets.
In this interview, I sat down with Jim to discuss his career, media power & bias, censorship and free speech, quantitative easing and investing.
Location: Los Angeles Date: Friday, 18th October Project: 1000x Role: CEO
Bitcoin is a public ledger, which allows anyone to view any transaction and address thus offer pseudonymity rather than anonymity. What this means is that Bitcoin can provide a certain level of privacy if your Bitcoin address is not attached to personal information, for example, exchange KYC data.
Bitcoiners wanting to protect their privacy must take careful steps, a lapse in concentration can identify you as the owner of a particular address. By accessing a block explorer without using Tor or a VPN, posting your public key online, utilizing a KYC compliant exchange are all examples of how chain analysts can identify you.
Because of this, Bitcoin may not seem like the perfect tool to facilitate transactions on dark markets, yet it currently accounts for the vast majority of them. So why is this?
Bitcoin, by design, as a censorship-resistant currency enables dark markets. If you want to purchase something that your government deems illegal, and If you are willing to take the necessary precautions (using a VPN or Tor, CoinJoin and not reusing addresses) you can maintain your privacy.
Since the Silk Road, Bitcoin has been the most used cryptocurrency used to buy drugs, firearms, identity documents and anything else from dark markets. By tracking the data in this space are we able to judge whether Bitcoin adoption is growing? And, is censorship resistance the only use-case that matters?
In this interview, I talk to Cedric Dahl from 1000x. 1000x is a private think tank focused on researching Bitcoin usage data. We discuss dark markets, sanctioned states using Bitcoin and censorship resistance.
Location: New York Date: Friday, 25th October Project: Bloomberg Role: Editor
The Winklevoss twins first Exchange Traded Fund (ETF) application was rejected by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) in March 2017.
In the 2 ½ years since, there have been a number of other applications for an ETF, all of which have been rejected, with the SEC citing concerns regarding manipulation, volatility and fraudulent activity.
But does a government-granted ETF fit with the ethos of Bitcoin?
Bitcoin was born out of the cypherpunk movement, with the goal of taking power away from the government by giving people a trustless and censorship-resistant monetary system. As such. seeking approval from a government-run body for an investment fund is seemingly against this ideology.
It seems apparent that most Bitcoiners’ motivation behind seeking an ETF is likely down to money. The added liquidity, easy access to investors and media coverage an approved ETF would garner may well lead to a price increase and thus an ETF approval seems like an easily identifiable path to another bull market.
Could this be interpreted as Bitcoiners being hypocritical and caring more about the price of their coins than the intended goal of a censorship-resistant currency? On the other hand, it could be seen as a significant achievement in terms of mainstream adoption. After all, nothing aides Bitcoin’s adoption than media coverage and price-driven FOMO.
In this interview, I talk to Bloomberg Business News Editor, Joe Weisenthal. We discuss contradictory Bitcoin ideals and challenging the status quo, ETF’s, censorship resistance, privacy and the current state of the global economy.
Location: New York Date: Friday, 25th October Project: Independent Role: Tech Startup Advisor, Author & Speaker
The name Hotep Jesus hit many radars for the first time when he appeared as a guest on the Joe Rogan podcast. The tech startup advisor, was there to speak about his latest book, and during the interview, the topic of blockchain was raised and BSV was mentioned.
The mention of BSV, although brief, caused a significant backlash towards Hotep on crypto twitter despite it not being Hotep who raised it. Many were angry that he chose to speak out seemingly in favour of the altcoin and felt he was 'promoting' it without the required knowledge and was adding to the misinformation and confusion in the space.
Although misguided, I could relate to Hotep's confusion and felt that his conversation with Rogan was a typical example of many people who are beginning their journey into Bitcoin. I too had attempted to raise the confusion when a friend asked me which Bitcoin to buy on Coinbase as he saw two options. The "2 Bitcoins" saga became a meme to attack by particular Bitcoiners, avoiding the issue of confusion.
Coming into the space it can be confusing. With multiple coins with Bitcoin in the name, some with a cult-like following and all shilling different ideologies/technical narratives, it can be confusing. How is a newcomer meant to know who to believe and which Bitcoin is the real Bitcoin? The objective amongst us can understand that the narrative for each coin can be persuasive.
Some people prefer to go for the approach of letting the newcomers get rekt before finding out for themselves. However, I believe this hard-line approach can scare people out of the market altogether, and we should concentrate on educating these newcomers.
In this interview, I speak with Hotep Jesus about confusion entering the market, as well as the benefits of Bitcoin, altcoins, race and equality and free speech.
Location: San Francisco Date: Monday, 21st October Project: n/a Role: Blockchain, cryptocurrency, and smart contracts pioneer
On October 31st 2008, Satoshi Nakamoto emailed the cypherpunk mailing list, telling them "I've been working on a new electronic cash system that's fully peer-to-peer, with no trusted third party." In the 11 years that followed Bitcoin has proven to be the most successful attempt at creating a censorship-resistant and trust minimised digital currency.
Bitcoin was not the first attempt at creating a trust minimised currency, and there were several proposals, implementations and technologies which led to Bitcoin:
In the 1990's DigiCash, headed by David Chaum, attempted to make online payments anonymous.
In 1997 Adam Back created HashCash using a proof-of-work system to reduce email spam and prevent denial of service attacks.
In 1998 Wei Dai proposed B-money to allow for an "anonymous, distributed electronic cash system".
In 2004 Hal Finney built upon the idea of Hashcash and created Reusable Proofs of Work.
And in 2005 Nick Szabo proposed Bit Gold. Where unforgettable proof of work chains would share properties of gold: scarce, valuable and trust minimised but with the benefit of being easily transactable.
When Satoshi released the Bitcoin whitepaper, rather than a revolution, Bitcoin was an evolution of all that had come before it with Bitcoin being the most trust minimised, censorship-resistant and hardest currency that has ever existed.
Among Satoshi's email recipients was Nick Szabo, a computer scientist, cryptographer, the designer of Bit Gold and Smart Contracts pioneer. In a rare interview, Nick joins me to discuss the cypherpunk movement, what money is, privacy and of course, Bitcoin.
Location: New York Date: Tuesday, 22nd October Project: Kraken Role: Bitcoin Evangelist
Despite the arguments that Bitcoin is the hardest money, it is the opportunity for new Bitcoiners to make a profit in their local fiat currency which is the primary driver of awareness and adoption.
Since the launch of Bitcoin over 10 years ago, there have been a number of bull markets which has seen a rapid rise in the price of Bitcoin leading to wider awareness. The volume during the most recent bull run in 2017 led to exchanges struggling to cope with the volume and some dropping offline. Such was the demand that Bittrex and Bitfinex had to close down new user registrations.
Making it easier for new Bitcoiners to acquire the asset has been a key driver of adoption. Good exchange and wallet UX, and education regarding key issues such as private key management not only support adoption but help new Bitcoiners avoid making silly mistakes.
The Bitcoin rabbit hole is deep and there are many new concepts which can be intimidating to new Bitcoiners which sometimes OGs take for granted. Transacting alone requires consideration for a type of transaction fee, unconfirmed transactions and the reality that mistakes can’t be reversed.
Having talked to Hotep and followed his journey into Bitcoin and the distraction with shitcoins, people told me to ignore him. I wanted to do the opposite as I wanted to learn about how someone new sees the space.
Kraken recognises that UX can be a hurdle for adoption, and are working on making it as simple as possible for new Bitcoiners to acquire and understand the asset. They recently hired Bitcoin OG Pierre Rochard to help with onboarding new users and Bitcoin adoption.
In this interview, Pierre and I discuss why they were the right fit for him, mass adoption, onboarding, Bitcoin financial services and the lightning network.
Location: Los Angeles Date: Friday, 18th October Project: OpenNode & Tantra Labs Role: Research Strategist
State adoption of Bitcoin is unclear but countries such as Iran, North Korea and Venezuela are believed to be holding and using Bitcoin. While these countries are in the minority, some believe it is just a matter of time before Bitcoin becomes a generally accepted state-level monetary tool.
State-level censorship resistance is useful for nations subject to tight sanctions. The unique properties of Bitcoin could make governmental ownership of Bitcoin a necessity in the future and increased accumulation by governments around the world may lead to the U.S Dollar being replaced by Bitcoin as the global reserve currency.
Further, the global economy is becoming increasingly uncertain, with negative interest rates and the Fed's growing intervention in the repo market standing as warning signs of an imminent global recession.
Could all these factors speed up the shift towards Bitcoin adoption?
In this interview, I talk to Nik Bhatia, Research Strategist at OpenNode and Tantra Labs. We discuss how banking works, the global economic outlook and why Bitcoin is a response to centralised and monopolistic money creation by central banks.
Location: Skype Date: Thursday, 17th October Project: Gold Bullion International Role: Co-Founder
Bitcoin’s design allows you holders to claim monetary sovereignty, taking money and power away from banks and the legacy financial system.
So, why do Bitcoiners seem so desperate to see the influx of institutional investors? A large injection of capital into the markets would likely see the price of Bitcoin go up, but, would it not be best to see organic growth in adoption by people, rather than corporations?
It is easier than ever for institutional investors to gain exposure to Bitcoin. With the recent launch of Bakkt futures contracts along with LedgerX and CME, there are ways for large traders to get skin in the game. But the volume is low, why?
Education is an often overlooked part of the Bitcoin onboarding process. No matter what background someone is from getting them to see past Bitcoin as 'magic internet money' can be incredibly challenging.
Dan Tapiero is a veteran global macro investor and a co-founder of Gold Bullion International. Having worked as a portfolio manager and analyst he became aware of Bitcoin in 2013, initially writing it off for having a too-small market cap and a "VC plaything". Dan's opinion has gone from not seeing the value in Bitcoin to believing it could take over as a financial system.
In this interview, Dan explains what changed his mind on Bitcoin, gold as a safe haven asset, Twitter, wealth redistribution, trade wars and Trump’s influence over the markets.
Location: Los Angeles Date: Thursday, 26th September Project: Edge Role: CEO & Co-Founder
Time is arguably our most valuable resource and we are constantly making choices about how we use it. But do we give enough consideration to our time?
One of the theories behind our decision making is time preference. Time preference refers to the value of something now compared to its value at a later date.
Those who favour high time preference prefer to value their current self and spend money faster, while people with a low time preference will make sacrifices to ensure a better outcome for their future self.
It doesn't just relate to personal choices though; time preference is an excellent tool for considering money, specifically when comparing Bitcoin and fiat.
Inflationary fiat currencies favour a high time preference. With no supply cap and governments printing more money at will, there is little economic incentive to save. Bitcoin, however, favours a low time preference. Being sound money with a fixed supply, Bitcoin lends itself to saving.
While time preference finds its roots in economics, it can be applied to almost anything and is how you prioritise now vs future; from health to journalism, productivity to savings.
In this interview, I speak to Paul Puey, the CEO & Co-Founder at Edge who are building a self custody exchange and wallet. We discuss time preference, Bitcoin, health & diet, journalism and Libertarianism.
Location: Skype Date: Wednesday, 2nd October Project: Ledger Role: CEO
One of the earliest bits of advice a Bitcoin beginner will get will be to not keep their coins on an exchange.
By keeping coins on an exchange, hodlers expose themselves to counterparty risk and undermine many of Bitcoin's inherent benefits. When you invest in an asset that allows you to be self-sovereign and take trust away from 3rd parties, why immediately give that up?
While some exchanges, like Kraken, take their security incredibly seriously, the history of Bitcoin is littered with exchange hacks and the theft of coins. In just the last 12 months Binance, Bithumb and Cryptopia have all been hacked, with the latter closing down.
There are many ways to manage your private keys, and hardware wallets are one of the most secure and simple options. Ledger is one of the leading hardware wallet manufacturers and has recently celebrated its 5th birthday.
In this interview, I speak to Pascal Gauthier; CEO at Ledger. Ledger recently celebrated their 5th birthday, so I got Pascal on the show to discuss hardware wallets, being your own banker, competition and what's to come from Ledger.
Location: Los Angeles Date: Sunday, 1st September Project: Bitcoin Is Role: Founder
Bitcoin’s value lies not in its price but in its innate qualities and the freedom that those qualities offer. It is decentralised, trustless, secure and the hardest money ever to exist. It’s irreversible, scarce and accessible to everyone.
But many new to Bitcoin fail to understand these qualities. Usually, a first entry point is a fast-moving bull run where Bitcoin’s price is rapidly growing. Whether a newcomer makes gains or gets rekt, not all will stay, and those that do usually venture down the rabbit hole to learn more.
So how do you encourage mass adoption from people who might not understand the full capability of Bitcoin?
Russell Okung is an offensive tackle for the LA Chargers and he’s trying to do just that. In September he launched Bitcoin Is, a conference in LA to help encourage mass adoption of Bitcoin.
This show is the fireside chat I hosted with Russell Okung at his event. We discuss what Bitcoin means to Russell, negotiating his own NFL contract, asking to be paid in Bitcoin and controlling your wealth.
Location: Skype Date: Thursday, 3rd October Project: Crypto Voices Role: Host
The monetary base is the amount of currency in any one country. It is a combination of both the circulating supply and money held in reserve at the central bank. In the 1900s, the global base currency was gold; however, in 1971, the U.S severed all ties with the gold standard and the monetary base changed to being government-issued fiat currency.
In a government-issued fiat-based monetary system, the government controls the printing and inflation of its currency. This allows governments to increase the monetary base at will. Whereas previous base money, gold, was hard to inflate, with fiat money it is easy. This leads to, for example, the U.S global base money rising from $100 billion to $19.2 trillion since 1970.
With Bitcoin, however, issuance and supply are fixed. There will only ever be 21 million created, with the issuance dropping every four years and no ability to inflate the supply. Could this lead to Bitcoin becoming the next global base money?
In this interview, I talk to Matthew Mezinskis from CryptoVoices. Matthew explains what base money is and if Bitcoin will ever become the worlds base money. We also discuss what money is, the gold standard, central banks holding Bitcoin and decentralisation.
Location: Los Angeles Date: Friday, 26th September Project: Libbitcoin Role: Lead Developer
Bitcoin is the best performing asset of the last ten years. It has the potential to disrupt entire states, overturn traditional financial institutions and change the way corporations do business.
With so much potential and with the stakes so high, it's easy to see why discussions around Bitcoin's ideology can become so heated.
Hyperbitcoinisation is touted as the end game by many Bitcoiners. In this scenario, Bitcoin would displace all fiat currencies to become the world's most dominant money and reserve currency. But not everyone shares this vision. Some believe that the economic game theory isn't strong enough for Bitcoin to ever reach hyperbitcoinisation and that in reality, if it were achieved, governments wouldn't relinquish power so easily.
In this interview, I am joined by Eric Voskuil, who John Carvahlo described as Bitcoin’s most rational thinker. After starting his career as a software developer, he took a 10-year hiatus flying fighter jets in the U.S Navy before returning to software engineering and Bitcoin. We discuss libertarianism and anarchy versus minarchy, fractional vs full reserve banking and remaining a rational Bitcoiner.
Location: Skype Date: Tuesday, 1st October Project: Independent Trader Role: Bitcoin Quant Analyst
Stock to flow is a metric used to measure the scarcity of an asset. The only asset with a higher stock to flow than Bitcoin is gold. Gold has a stock to flow value of 62, meaning that to produce the same amount of gold currently held in reserve, it would take 62 years of production.
Every 210,000 blocks (~4 years), the amount of Bitcoin rewarded to miners is cut in half. The next halving is set to take place sometime around May 2020 and will see the reward decreased from 12.5 to 6.25 Bitcoin per block (~every 10 minutes).
The reduction in the reward means that miners have less Bitcoin to sell to cover their operational costs and thus less Bitcoin released to the market. Historically, this has led to an increase in the price of Bitcoin and with the next halving and the subsequent drop in emission, Bitcoins stock to flow value will rise from 25 to 50, getting ever closer to gold.
Will this lead to another surge in price and push Bitcoin to the 1 trillion dollar market cap as PlanB's stock to flow model predicts?
In this interview, I talk to PlanB, known for his Bitcoin stock to flow ratio analysis and the author of Modeling Bitcoin's Value with Scarcity. We discuss gold's stock to flow compared to Bitcoin, scarcity, halvings and safe-haven assets.
Location: Laramie, Wyoming Date: Saturday, 21st September Project: Premier Ark LLC Role: Manager
The unique properties of Bitcoin make it the hardest money which has ever existed and allows those who adopt it to claim their monetary sovereignty.
As the Bitcoin market cap has grown, those accumulating have had to condition themselves to a volatile price, with dollar-cost averaging a popular way of stacking sats.
Many people, however, still don't own their private keys, leaving their Bitcoin on an exchange or in the hands of a 3rd party custodian. In doing so, they miss one of the fundamental aspects of Bitcoin, claiming their sovereignty.
Before Bitcoin, gold was the traditional way to claim financial independence. Like Bitcoin, Gold allows holders to take wealth management away from banks and financial institutions. With this, gold is also a hedge or 'safe haven' asset during currency declines and/or recessions.
With the global economy, again looking fragile, will another economic downturn see Bitcoin, like gold, become a 'safe haven' asset?
In this interview, and for the second time in a week, I'm joined by accountant, lawyer and Bitcoin OG Trace Mayer. We discuss the U.S monetary system being unconstitutional, negative interest rates, gold vs Bitcoin and Proof of Keys.
Location: New York Date: Friday, 17th May Project: Formerly of CoinDesk Role: Formerly Editor-in-Chief
For varied reasons, not all interviews are released. I previously recorded a show with Pete Rizzo, while he was Editor-in-Chief at CoinDesk. Following the interview my show editorial went Bitcoin only but due to the topics discussed with Pete, I decided to archive it. I enjoyed our chat and following his recent departure I felt that it would be good to release the show and allow people to hear about what we discussed.
In the world of Bitcoin and cryptocurrency where everyone is an investor and has a vested interest, unbiased news is hard to find.
Now more than ever in a news environment that is driven by clicks, likes, listens and views. News organisations can often struggle to find the right balance between stories that capture people’s attention and information that is factual, important and without agenda.
So how do news organisations in the space maintain the balance between producing unbiased informative content whilst still capturing people’s attention and engagement?
In this interview, I speak to Pete Rizzo who recently left his position as Editor-in-Chief at CoinDesk. We discuss journalistic responsibilities and freedom.
Location: Laramie, Wyoming Date: Friday, 20th September Project: Wyoming Blockchain Coalition + Premier Ark LLC + State of Wyoming Role: Co-Founder + Manager + House District 1 Representative
With technology innovation, there is often a divide between those who embrace it and those who push back against it, especially when it challenges the state. Bitcoin is no different.
Countries like China and India have taken a harsh regulatory stance towards Bitcoin, effectively outlawing it. However, in the U.S, regulators have been more accepting of the technology but the laws that surround Bitcoin vary hugely from state to state.
New York implemented the BitLicense, requiring Bitcoin businesses to comply with a complex bureaucratic process. Many argue that this hasn’t improved the space or made it safer, but has deterred companies from operating there.
Wyoming, has seen this as an opportunity and over the past two years have implemented 13 laws to entice Bitcoin-based businesses to the state. While Wyoming is not a state you may consider a natural hub for tech-startups that is exactly what it is becoming, thanks to the libertarian principles of those in power.
In this interview, I sit down with Caitlin Long, Trace Mayer & Tyler Lindholm. We discuss the differences between state and federal laws, the states power to nullify federal laws, cannabis, guns and if U.S politics is really like House of Cards.
Location: Denver Date: Wednesday, 18th September Project: ShapeShift Role: Founder & CEO
Since its birth over 10 years ago, Bitcoin has resonated with Libertarians. Through its very design, Bitcoin aligns closely with the Libertarian belief that governments should have no interference in people's lives or money.
Helped by popular Bitcoin books such as Saifedean Ammous’ The Bitcoin Standard, more and more newcomers to Bitcoin are becoming aware of Libertarianism as well as Austrian Economics. However, these can be confusing concepts to grasp, especially for those growing up always accepting and/or believing that there must be a state.
So, what is Libertarianism? Should we strive for smaller decentralised societies with little or no government intervention or regulation? And could Bitcoin play a key role in reducing the size of governments around the world?
In this interview, I speak with Erik Voorhees the Founder and CEO at ShapeShift. Erik explains the theory behind a Libertarian state, reducing the size of governments, minarchism vs anarchism, and internal Libertarian conflict points.
Location: Los Angeles Date: Sunday, 31st August Project: Kraken Role: Director Of Business Development
Bitcoin is hard!
There is no easy way into Bitcoin. Yes, it can be easy to buy, but understanding the asset, from economics to the tech, requires a dedication to learning.
For Bitcoin to reach hundreds of millions, if not billions of people and overturn our corrupt financial systems, it must become more accessible.
The Bitcoin community lends itself to the technically savvy and inquisitive. However, to reach mainstream adoption, Bitcoin needs to work for people who are not technically confident and are more risk-averse.
For a new Bitcoiner with little or no technical knowledge, even the most fundamental and straightforward requirements in Bitcoin, such as managing your private keys, is a daunting task. There are no insurance policies, no 3rd party to fall back on, and if mismanaged the consequences are severe.
Controlling and managing your private keys is fundamental to Bitcoin and the cypherpunk movement. It is this that allows you to stay sovereign and in control of your finances. Phrases such as "not your keys, not your Bitcoin" are used to remind people to take money off exchanges and away from custodial services and therefore 3rd party risk.
These fundamental parts of Bitcoin are challenging and inherently pose some risk. Is this the model that we take into hyperbitcoinisation? Or, is the user experience entirely flawed? If we are to bring Bitcoin to the masses, do we need some form of custodial services, or can better UX provide the solution?
In this interview, I am joined by Dan Held, who's company Interchange was recently acquired by Kraken. We discuss the UX challenges Bitcoin faces, the importance of nodes, advertising and marketing.
Location: Los Angeles Date: Sunday, 1st September Project: Guns N’ Bitcoin Role: Chief Range Officer
America has the highest number of civilian-owned guns in the world, with around 40% of people owning or living in a house with firearms. The right to own a gun is firmly embedded within the US constitution and to many Americans, removing their ability to do so would be an attack on their civil liberty.
Since 1982 there have been over 110 mass shootings in the U.S alone. With every mass shooting, the media spotlight is drawn towards U.S gun laws and polls show that the majority of Americans are now dissatisfied with them.
However, as mass shootings only account for a small proportion of all gun deaths, is it unfair to remove the right to bear arms from U.S citizens? Should the small number of incidents change the law for the vast majority of responsible gun owners?
It is easy to draw comparisons between guns and Bitcoin as both align with libertarian principles. Where guns give you the owner the ability to protect themselves from individuals and tyrannical gove, Bitcoin allows holders to protect yourself from corrupt financial systems and poor state monetary policies.
For this polarising topic, I am joined by Bitcoiner and gun advocate Ragnar Lifthrasir from Guns N’ Bitcoin. We discuss the culture of guns in America, if there should be a limit to the type of weapon you can buy, Bitcoin and privacy.
Location: San Francisco Date: Tuesday, 3rd September Project: balajis.com Role: Angel Investor & Entrepreneur
A little over a year ago Coinbase announced the acquisition of Earn.com in a $120 million deal. Earn.com allows users to earn cryptocurrency by replying to emails or completing tasks.
As a vital part of the acquisition, Balaji Srinivasan the CEO and Co-founder moved into the role of CTO at Coinbase where he oversaw the integration of Earn.com into the exchange and the launch of the controversial Coinbase Earn. This allowed users to earn several cryptocurrencies directly from the Coinbase website by merely answering a few questions to aid the education of the exchange users.
After just a year as Coinbase CTO, Balaji has recently departed the company. It was a mixed year for Coinbase with reports of infighting with regards to the direction of the business. Still, they managed to raise $300m, at $7.7bn valuation, navigate a brutal bear market and build out an entirely new infrastructure to support multiple crypto assets.
So, what was life like at Coinbase for Balaji?
Coinbase has often felt the wrath of Bitcoiners, many arguing that they were on the wrong side of history regarding the New York Agreement. Add to this delay in implementing Segwit and supporting other contentious forks, does Coinbase hate Bitcoin?
In Part 2 of my interview with Balaji, we explore the world of Bitcoin, altcoins and Coinbase. Is it irresponsible for Coinbase, an entry-level Bitcoin onramp, to list an ever-growing list of questionable altcoins? Is the earn.com integration encouraging risky token investments?
Balaji Srinivasan joined me in San Francisco to discuss this and lots more. As well as:
The Earn.com acquisition
Whether daily active users is a flawed metric for cryptocurrency
ICO’s, scams and founders dumping on retail investors
Whether Earn.com should be teaching risk management
Democratising investment
The lack of adoption for many cryptocurrencies
Location: San Francisco Date: Tuesday, 3rd September Project: balajis.com Role: Angel Investor & Entrepreneur
A little over a year ago Coinbase announced the acquisition of Earn.com in a $120 million deal. Earn.com allows users to earn cryptocurrency by replying to emails or completing tasks.
As a vital part of the acquisition, Balaji Srinivasan the CEO and Co-founder moved into the role of CTO at Coinbase where he oversaw the integration of Earn.com into the exchange and the launch of the controversial Coinbase Earn. This allowed users to earn several cryptocurrencies directly from the Coinbase website by merely answering a few questions to aid the education of the exchange users.
After just a year as Coinbase CTO, Balaji has recently departed the company. It was a mixed year for Coinbase with reports of infighting with regards to the direction of the business. Still, they managed to raise $300m, at $7.7bn valuation, navigate a brutal bear market and build out an entirely new infrastructure to support multiple crypto assets.
In Part 1 of this interview, Balaji and I take a deep dive into the world of virtual reality and gaming, the integration of AI into our daily lives, politics and state surveillance. These are not unfamiliar subjects for the podcast, but the questions and ideas Balaji raised undoubtedly were.
Could migrant workers use virtual reality to work remotely without the need for a visa? Could your local coffee shop barista become a simulated ‘non-player role’? Will humans one day emigrate not to a particular country but geographically, based on a belief system?
Balaji Srinivasan joined me in San Francisco to discuss this and lots more. As well as:
Solving San Francisco’s drug and homeless problems
Virtual worlds and AI
VR remote working
A geographical free market where the currency is your belief system
Software CEO’s becoming de-facto heads of state
Separating money and state
Is the U.S surveilling as much as or more than China
Location: New York Date: Thursday, 25th July Project: Byrne & Storm and Compound Finance Role: Partner & General Counsel
Shortly after Facebook announced the launch of Libra, the U.S government hauled David Marcus, the head of the proposed currency, in front of Congress. For two days, Marcus answered tough questioning from both The House and The Senate on everything from Libra’s intentions to Facebook’s previous issues such as Cambridge Analytica.
Quite predictably, the creation of a new global currency was seen as a threat to the Dollar and was met with hostility by large parts of Congress, but was this part of Facebook’s plan? Are they using and audacious initial proposal as a way of shocking Congress before ‘revisiting’ the proposal and easing the regulatory path?
Or, is Facebook using cryptocurrency and blockchain under the guise of ‘innovation’ as a shield against harsh regulation, well aware of the government’s fear that China controlled WeChat and Alipay could weaken the position of the Dollar? Why is Facebook launching this project? With Facebook, active users dropping rapidly has the novelty of the social network worn off and is this just a pivot to stay relevant and maintain control? For the next episode in my Libra Deep Dive I talk to Preston Byrne & Jake Chervinsky about the regulatory side of Libra. We discuss whether Libra is a security, if the Foundation is really a non-profit and whether Libra is even a cryptocurrency.
Location: Skype Date: Sunday, 14th July Project: Casa & Independent Consultant Role: CTO & Applied Cryptography Consultant
Libra promises to be the first distributed ledger to transition from a permissioned system to permissionless. However, it faces many significant technical challenges, many of which have yet to be solved by other cryptocurrencies.
One of the main issues Libra faces is scalability. At launch, Libra is tipped to offer 1,000 transactions a second, but with a network of potentially billions of users, this will very quickly reach maximum capacity.
Will Libra be able to solve its scaling issues? Will people care enough about Libra to want to use it? What happens when there are disagreements within the Libra foundation?
In the second episode of the Libra series, I discuss these issues with Jameson Lopp and Peter Todd, as we take a deep dive into the technical side of Facebook's Libra.
Location: Palo Alto Date: Wednesday, 24th August Project: Abra Role: CEO & Founder
Facebook announced in June that they would be launching Libra, with the mission of enabling a "simple global currency and financial infrastructure that empowers billions of people".
Libra proposes a permissioned blockchain, meaning that unlike Bitcoin it isn't a decentralised project as control over the network is governed by the Libra Association. With these unique properties, Libra doesn't fit into the government-issued fiat financial model or the decentralised and trustless Bitcoin model instead. Libra is the dawn of a new type of money, the dawn of corporate money.
Libra has not come without criticism, from central banks to governments to the cryptocurrency community and even the President of the United States, the announcement has ruffled feathers.
Following two days of hearings in DC, where the head of Libra faced questions from Congress, there is still regulatory uncertainty regarding the currency. Other governments have also been pushing back, and there are rumours that some of Libra Association Founding Members are backing out. Will Libra even launch? If so, will it revolutionise money?
To kick-off the What Bitcoin Did Libra series I am joined by Bill Barhydt, the CEO and Founder of Abra. We discuss why Facebook is launching Libra, why they didn't use Bitcoin and why Bill considers Libra as positive.
Location: Skype Date: Monday, 26th August Project: Casa Role: Product Manager
Full nodes are fundamental to the security of the Bitcoin network by maintaining decentralisation and validating transactions and blocks by enforcing consensus rules.
While running a full node is an act of supporting the Bitcoin network, it also ensures that you are not trusting any third party. If a transaction breaks consensus rules, then your node will reject it, irrespective of what others nodes do. Further, running a full node offers increased privacy and safety.
So why do so few Bitcoiners run a full node?
Many either do not understand the benefits of running a full node and/or find it intimidating. While there are many useful online guides, most rely on at least some technical ability and not everyone has the inclination, hardware requirements or technical knowledge.
The difficulties mean many, understandably, opt to use a hardware wallet, lite wallet and even trust exchanges or custodial wallets to secure their Bitcoin.
It is hard to put a number on the number of nodes in operation, but certainly, the total amount is a long way off Luke Dashjr's target of 85% adoption.
How can more users be encouraged to run a full node?
Casa is one company trying to help by solving some of the friction points around education, design and user experience. Casa offers an out of the box, plug-and-play Bitcoin and Lightning node.
In this interview, I sit down with Brian Lockhart from Casa to talk about Bitcoin full nodes. We discuss why it is vital to the individual and for the Bitcoin community, and how Casa is working to make it easier for people to run a full node.
Location: Skype Date: Thursday, 22nd August Project: The Stephan Livera Podcast Role: Host
The principles of Austrian Economics and Libertarianism have grown in awareness with the rise of Bitcoin. Where Austrian Economists have adopted Bitcoin as the hardest form of money, conversely, Bitcoiners have become aware of Austrian Economics as an alternative model for the economy.
Bitcoin is the perfect monetary tool for proponents of both Austrian Economics and Libertarianism. The principles of a free market, removing central banks and taking power away from the state are inherent features of Bitcoin.
These topics are hotly debated within the Bitcoin community but can also be difficult concepts for beginner’s to understand. Many have only known a world of identity politics dominated by left and right-wing arguments, and a shift to a society without a state is mostly theoretical. It is useful to explore these subjects, to challenge not only the role of the state but its reach. Are socialist policies flawed? Are salaries caps and minimum wage policies ultimately harmful? Why do free markets outperform regulated markets?
In this interview, I speak with my buddy and fellow podcaster Stephan Livera, to learn more about Austrian Economics and Libertarianism. Stephan explains why Bitcoin is the perfect tool for a free market and taking control away from the state.
Location: Skype Date: Tuesday, 20th July Project: Real Vision Group Role: Co-Founder & CEO
"Chancellor on the brink of second bailout for banks" the Times headline on 3rd Jan 2009 and the now infamous words included in the Bitcoin Genesis Block. This was Satoshi Nakamoto's message to the world as the Bitcoin protocol launched. Many believe this was also a carefully chosen message to establish Bitcoin’s role.
The U.K.'s Chancellor of the Exchequer was about to bail out the U.K.'s failing banks for a second time. At the same time, Satoshi was releasing Bitcoin into the world as a way of controlling your own wealth, and bypassing the seemingly broken banking system. Now 10 years later, the world's economy is again in a fragile state with many economists predicting another global economic recession.
Bitcoin is seen as the antithesis to traditional finance, and if the global economy does turn to a recession, people may seek solace in Bitcoin as a hedge against legacy markets.
Raoul Pal is a leading macroeconomist who has worked for Goldman Sachs, managed hedge funds and advised to some of the largest funds in the world. He now runs Real Vision, a digital content platform with the aim of getting leading economist traders and hedge fund managers from across the globe to share their thoughts with everyone. Not just the select few.
In this interview, we discuss the possibility of a global financial crash, how likely it is that Bitcoin will become a safe haven, Bitcoins volatility, Brexit, as well as:
How to get people to care about Bitcoin
The 2008 Global Financial Crisis
Economic boom and bust cycles
Bitcoins volatility being the sign of a free market
How to protect our capital if there is another recession
How the banking system will look in the future
The threats from automation and AI
How behavioural economics is changing the world
Location: Skype Date: Monday, 29th July Project: SatoshiPoint Role: Managing Director
SatoshiPoint is the UK’s largest Bitcoin ATM business, starting out in London in 2014 and initially struggling to find locations for the ATMs SatoshiPoint has since gone on to thrive and now operates in over 40 locations across the UK.
With their ATM volumes now exceeding the peak Bitcoin volumes, seen during the 2017 bull run, Hassan Khoshtaghaza, the Managing Director is now looking at ways to grow his team and scale his business by adding locations throughout the UK and internationally.
In this interview, we discuss the difficulties faced when trying to grow an ATM business, the regulation and security requirements and looking for new territory.
Location: Skype Date: Wednesday, 15th August Project: Frost Brown Todd LLC Role: Corporate Attorney
Regulations are have always been in front of mind for the Bitcoin industry. Ever-increasing surveillance has accompanied the evolution of technology, primarily financial surveillance.
Bitcoin is the first money owned by the people and is often seen as a threat to the state, as such the state has struggled to adapt to it.
For businesses who operate in the industry, working with and understanding state regulations is non-negotiable. One company helping companies navigate this is Frost Brown Todd, one of the largest law firms in the Midwest United States.
In this interview, I speak to Bill Repasky, a Corporate Attorney with the firm, to talk about the potential hurdles of operating a Bitcoin ATM business. We discuss the regulatory requirements of FinCEN, Money Transmitter Licenses, and how the current landscape lends itself to companies able to scale.
Location: Skype Date: Monday, 29th July Project: LibertyX Role: Co-Founder & CEO
LibertyX launched the first Bitcoin ATM in the U.S. Starting out with a single machine at Boston’s South Station they have grown to operate the largest network of Bitcoin ATMs, cashiers and kiosks.
Unlike many other operators, LibertyX has spread its wings beyond ATMs, integrating their system with the traditional network of cashiers, ATMs and kiosks to build the largest network of in-person Bitcoin options.
In this interview, I sit down with Chris Yim, LibertyX co-founder and CEO. We discuss launching the very first ATM in the US and the hurdles they had to overcome to grow the business, the benefits of an ATM over an exchange and making Bitcoin available on every block in the U.S.
Location: Skype Date: Sunday, 21st July Project: General Bytes Role: Owner
Since the first Bitcoin ATMs started appearing in 2013, the market has grown at a significant rate, seemingly unaffected by Bitcoin’s volatility. With a fast-paced market and strong competition, manufacturers have to keep up with a growing demand for machines and new feature requests.
General Bytes has become the largest manufacturer of Bitcoin ATMs with over 1,700 machines in over 40 different countries (according to Coin ATM Radar). They are now faced with navigating the regulatory landscape and finding a business model that is sustainable in this new and emerging market.
In this episode, I speak to Karel Kyovsky the owner of General Bytes. We discuss how they stay ahead of their competition, the challenges of implementing The Lightning Network, security and regulations.
Location: Chicago Date: Tuesday, 2nd July Project: Athena Bitcoin Role: Compliance Officer, CEO and Co-Founders
The Bitcoin ATM market continues to grow, and according to a recent report by Coin ATM Radar there are now over 5,000 Bitcoin ATMs worldwide.
While the vast majority are located in the United States, a growing number are appearing in countries where the general population may have less access to proper banking infrastructure and greater economic uncertainty. In these countries, Bitcoin ATMs offer an easy to use FIAT onramp which allows people to hedge against fragile economies and extreme inflation using Bitcoin.
In this interview, I speak with Gil Valentine and Eric Gravengaard co-founders of Athena Bitcoin. Athena Bitcoin started out in Chicago but now operate across 8 US states as well as in Mexico, Columbia and Argentina. We discuss the challenges of growing a Bitcoin ATM business, operator fees and opening up to the South American market.
Location: New York Date: Friday, 26th July Project: Chaincode Labs Role: Bitcoin Engineer
As an open source initiative, Bitcoin does not have a central fund to pay developers. Instead, it relies on a community of committed devs and a core group of companies and Bitcoin philanthropists to fund them. One of the companies leading the way in providing a platform for these developers is Chaincode Labs.
Every year, Chaincode Labs runs a Hackers Residency which allows people from all around the world to come to New York, connect with developers and work on Bitcoin.
In 2016, John Newbery quit his job in telecoms and took a spot on Chaincode Labs first residency. Following a successful four weeks, he was hired to work full time as a Bitcoin Developer at Chaincode. Since then John has dedicated his time to working on the Bitcoin Protocol, Lightning and building a community for Bitcoin developers by running the residency program for Chaincode.
In this interview, John explains what it is like working on the Bitcoin protocol and with other core devs, the risks of a reducing block subsidy for miners, privacy and development on the Lightning network.
Bonus: I also hear from 3 of the current residents on the Chaincode program. They tell me about their diverse backgrounds, how they ended up in New York, and what they will be working on once the residency is over.
Location: New York Date: Friday, 26th July Project: Tales from the Crypt & Rabbit Hole Recap Role: Founders/Presenters
There are a handful of Bitcoiners who bleed orange, those with so much conviction it is hard to listen to them talk about Bitcoin and dismiss its importance. Matt Odell is one of those, and I have a little secret for you, Matt was the trigger for taking What Bitcoin Did full Bitcoin. Having wrestled with this for a while, I heard Matt on Stephan Livera’s show discussing podcasts where he said he liked some of what I was doing. “Some”. So Matt and I had a long chat about this, and it was a trigger for me to realise there is enough with Bitcoin to focus on.
Matt previously came on the show with Neil Woodfine to discuss what we would like to see for Bitcoin in 2019. I have though been keen to have him back on for a while, so when I was in NY recently I hit him up, and he agreed to come on.
Bonus: Matt’s co-host and the founder of Tales from the Crypt, Marty Bent joined us for the first half of the show. Since starting in October 2017, Marty has interviewed some of the most exciting people in the space, including Matt Corallo, Caitlin Long, Dan Held and even Jack Dorsey and have built their reputation as one of the premier Bitcoin podcasts. It is also my go-to podcast on a long drive.
We sat down over a glass or two of whiskey to discuss the podcasting industry and our favourite guests. We also look back at the community split during S2X and consider whether issuance and inflation could be the catalyst for a future contentious hard fork.
Location: San Fransisco Date: Monday 22nd July Company: Blockstream Role: Co-founder
Pieter Wuille is one of the most influential, respected and prolific Bitcoin developers. While his career began at Google, the appeal of working on Bitcoin's open-source protocol was too tempting and led him to co-found Blockstream.
Pieter has had a significant influence on the Bitcoin project and has the third most commits on the codebase. He has helped to implement some of the most significant changes to the protocol, including Segregated Witness, one of the most contentious hard forks in Bitcoin's history.
As others debate the Bitcoin roadmap, Pieter has managed to remove himself from the infighting; instead, focusing his time on improving Bitcoin. As such, he's now working on implementing Taproot, Schnorr Signatures and MAST.
In this interview, we hear how Pieter first heard about Bitcoin in 2010, entering the world of mining and selling thousands of Bitcoin for $0.20. I also find out what he thinks of Bitcoin in 2019 and what he argues is the threat to its future.
Bonus: we also hear from a Blockstream intern at the end about his experience working at Blockstream and supporting Pieter in developing Bitcoin.
Location: San Diego Date: Tuesday, 16th July Company: Silvergate Bank Role: CEO
Since Satoshi’s left the message, "Chancellor on brink of second bailout for banks" in the genesis block, Bitcoin has been the antithesis of banks. “Be your own bank”, perhaps an overused phrase from Bitcoin proponents certainly comes under question for companies building Bitcoin-based businesses. Businesses need Fiat for operating costs: rent, wages etc. and for now, at least that is a gap that Bitcoin can't fill.
Most banks have also looked at Bitcoin unfavourably, and crypto companies have struggled to find reliable banking partners. Many companies and exchanges have unexpectedly lost banking services or turned to creative solutions.
Silvergate Bank, however, looks at Bitcoin and cryptocurrency differently. Since 2014 they have been building their reputation as the leading bank for cryptocurrency companies and now have over $1 billion in deposits. In this interview, I talk to Alan Lane, Silvergate's Chief Executive Officer and find out how they have been paving the way for cryptocurrency companies and are how they are offering banking services previously unheard of in the traditional industry.
During the previous bull run, the hype led to an influx of companies using Bitcoin or 'blockchain' to inflate value and attract investment. Many of these were questionable projects, and some were outright scams. Even legitimate companies struggled with the difficulty of creating value with Bitcoin, as companies failed two thrived: Casa and BlockFi.
BlockFi is building financial products for Bitcoin holders which allow them to use their crypto as collateral for taking out a loan or lend out their Bitcoin to earn interest. Casa is improving security by simplifying multisig.
So why have BlockFi and Casa been able to grow and thrive duing the bear market while so many others have failed?
In this interview, I speak with Casa Founder Jeremy Welch and BlockFi Founder Zac Prince, we discuss Bitcoin utility, non-financial and sometimes unexpected applications and why Bitcoin is more than a financial system.
Exchange hacks have been a constant thorn in the side of the industry. Where a physical bank robbery of $millions will make headline news, a +$100m exchange hack will barely break out of the crypto news media. Exchange hacks are now so commonplace that a recent report from Ledger’s CEO Eric Larcheveque found that the equivalent of $2.7 million a day was stolen from exchanges last year.
Almost all major exchanges have experienced a hack of some kind, from Mt. Gox which could have destroyed the industry to Poloniex and Bitfinex, and more recently Binance and Cryptopia, the list goes on and on.
As such, security is one of the biggest challenges faced by any exchange and there are very few that haven’t suffered from a breach, one that has managed to remain unscathed is Kraken. With attacks becoming more sophisticated and hackers working 24/7 to find vulnerabilities how is that Kraken has managed to succeed where so many others failed?
The man in charge of this roll at Kraken is Nick Percoco, their Chief Security Officer. In this interview we discuss:
There are a few places retail investors can currently trade a Bitcoin futures contract, but these tend to clouded in regulatory uncertainty and most are unavailable to US retail traders. That’s about to change though as LedgerX have recently announced both the first regulated physically settled Bitcoin futures contract and the launch of a new trading platform called Omni which, for the first time, will give US retail investors access to regulated derivative markets.
The physical settlement in Bitcoin is a big step forward for the ecosystem. It means that when a contract expires, the buyer will now receive Bitcoin as opposed to fiat, meaning businesses and miners can now bypass the fiat system entirely, hedging or betting in Bitcoin and settling in Bitcoin. This is just one of the implications the LedgerX’s new contract.Will this lead to reduced volatility in the Bitcoin price and bring in more institutional investors? I visited LedgerX in New York and spoke with the Co-founder and COO Juthica Chou. We also discussed;
When landing in the world of Bitcoin there are many concepts down the rabbit hole to get lost in, from technology to economics there is a wealth of information available. Within the world of economics, many will discover the theory of Austrian economics for the first time.
Those who believe in Austrian Economics believe in free markets, the gold standard and minimal government intervention. So where does Bitcoin fit into this? Could it be the perfect tool to facilitate a free market Could it even become an improved and new gold standard?
To find out more, I sat down with Saifedean Ammous, author of The Bitcoin Standard and an Associate Professor in Economics at the Lebanese American University. Having recently launched his online academy it was a great time for Saifedean to teach me more about Austrian Economics and catch up on our mutual love for Liverpool FC. We discuss:
Whenever you hear about Bitcoin in the mainstream media, undoubtedly one of the things that comes up time and time again is the power consumption needed to secure the network and which is the latest country Bitcoin has overtaken on power usage. Is this something Bitcoiners should be worried about and can the criticism be written off as a way for Bitcoin naysayers to ignore it for a little longer?
Michel Rauchs recently released The Bitcoin Electricity Consumption Index to address this issue and try and put Bitcoin’s power consumption into perspective. We discussed:
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