Kaleidoscience: Conversations on Cognitive Science

Resources: The episode with Susan Wache on the feelSpace belt: https://cogsci-journal.uni-osnabrueck.de/podcast/how-can-we-feel-space-brain-to-brain-with-susan-wache/ The episode with Piper Powell on the feelSpace bracelet: https://cogsci-journal.uni-osnabrueck.de/podcast/on-implementing-brains-seeing-with-hands-brain-to-brain-with-piper-powell-special-6/ The first published bracelet paper: https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/9/2949 two papers on the naviBelt: https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/human-neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnhum.2012.00037/full https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/21/7384 YOLOv5 code repository and its documentation: https://github.com/ultralytics/yolov5 https://docs.ultralytics.com/yolov5/ Marcin’s OptiVisT bio: https://www.optivist.eu/esr-10 The feelSpace website: https://feelspace.de/

Podcast Credits: Produced by: Imogen Hüsing, Clara Kühne, Sophie Kühne, Sönke Lülf, Elisa Palme and Leslie Wolk Logo by: Annika Richter Music by: Jan-Luca Schröder Write us an email to: [email protected] Contact us on Instagram: @kaleidoscience_pod

Doras ongoing study: https://www.drks.de/DRKS00024593

Literature: Gadot, Ron et al. “Efficacy of deep brain stimulation for treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder: systematic review and meta-analysis.” Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry, jnnp-2021-328738. 20 Sep. 2022, doi:10.1136/jnnp-2021-328738 Schläpfer, T.E., Kayser, S. “Deep Brain Stimulation for Treatment-Resistant Depression” Klin Neurophysiol 2014; 45: 113–117, http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0034-1375605 Human Medial Forebrain Bundle (MFB) and Anterior Thalamic Radiation (ATR): Imaging of Two Major Subcortical Pathways and the Dynamic Balance of Opposite Affects in Understanding Depression Volker A. Coenen, M.D. Jaak Panksepp, Ph.D. Trevor A. Hurwitz, M.D. Horst Urbach, M.D. Coenen, V.A.; Schlaepfer, T.E.; Sajonz, B.E.A.; Reinacher, P.C.; Döbrössy, M.D.; Reisert, M. “The Heart Asks Pleasure First”— Conceptualizing Psychiatric Diseases as MAINTENANCE Network Dysfunctions through Insights from slMFB DBS in Depression and Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder. Brain Sci. 2022, 12, 438. https:// doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12040438 Deep Brain Stimulation of the Human Reward System for Major Depression—Rationale, Outcomes and Outlook Thomas E Schlaepfer*,1,2, Bettina H Bewernick1, Sarah Kayser1, Rene Hurlemann1 and Volker A Coenen3

A book on the topic: The pleasure shock, Lone Frank Some (german) documentaries: Hunting For Hedonia ( https://vimeo.com/ondemand/huntingforhedonia/363300769?autoplay=1 ) Schrittmacher gegen Depressionen( https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lZPB2TKUhYE ) Landesschau Baden-Württemberg: Ein Schrittmacher im Hirn bändigt seine Depression ( https://www.ardmediathek.de/video/landesschau-baden-wuerttemberg/ein-schrittmacher-im-hirn-baendigt-seine-depression/swr-bw/Y3JpZDovL3N3ci5kZS9hZXgvbzE5MTQzOTA )

Podcast Credits: Produced by: Imogen Hüsing, Clara Kühne, Sophie Kühne, Sönke Lülf, Elisa Palme and Leslie Wolk Logo by: Annika Richter Music by: Jan-Luca Schröder Write us an email to: [email protected] Contact us on Instagram: @kaleidoscience_pod

Literature:

Christoffersen, G. R. J. (1997). Habituation: events in the history of its characterization and linkage to synaptic depression. A new proposed kinetic criterion for its identification. Progress in neurobiology, 53(1), 45-66.

van den Broeke, E. N., Crombez, G., & Vlaeyen, J. W. (2024). Reconceptualizing sensitization in pain: back to basics. Pain reports, 9(1), e1125.

Velasco, E., Flores-Cortes, M., Guerra-Armas, J., Flix-Díez, L., Gurdiel-Álvarez, F., Donado-Bermejo, A., ... & Delicado-Miralles, M. (2024). Is chronic pain caused by central sensitization? A review and critical point of view. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 105886. https://www.forbes.com/health/mind/what-is-neurofeedback-therapy/

Credits: Produced by: Imogen Hüsing, Clara Kühne, Sophie Kühne, Sönke Lülf, Elisa Palme and Leslie Wolk Logo by: Annika Richter Music by: Jan-Luca Schröder Write us an email to: [email protected] Contact us on Instagram: @kaleidoscience_pod

Remifentanyl study: https://www.science.org/doi/abs/10.1126/scitranslmed.3001244

Studies on expectation: https://kids.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frym.2023.853490 https://www.iasp-pain.org/resources/fact-sheets/placebo-and-nocebo-effects-the-importance-of-treatment-expectations-and-patient-physician-interaction-for-treatment-outcomes/ https://journals.lww.com/painrpts/fulltext/2024/04000/translating_knowledge_on_placebo_and_nocebo.22.aspx?context=latestarticles

Helena’s phd studies: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S105381192030882X https://academic.oup.com/cercorcomms/article/2/3/tgab039/6291206 https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/09567976221119727 https://www.nature.com/articles/s44159-023-00189-6

Studies on autism: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10803-007-0486-x https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychiatry/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.813969/full

Further websites: www.helenahartmann.com, www.bingellab.de, www.treatment-expectation.de

Science and Fiction: www.scienceandfiction.net

Credits: Produced by: Imogen Hüsing, Clara Kühne, Sophie Kühne, Sönke Lülf, Elisa Palme and Leslie Wolk Logo by: Annika Richter Music by: Jan-Luca Schröder Write us an email to: [email protected] Contact us on Instagram: @kaleidoscience_pod

For our first episode in our thematic block about pain we talked to Dr. Janosch Priebe. In this episode, he goes into detail about chronic pain, how it is different to acute pain and treatment options.

References: McCarberg, B., & Peppin, J. (2019). Pain pathways and nervous system plasticity: learning and memory in pain. Pain Medicine, 20(12), 2421-2437. Horn‐Hofmann, C., Scheel, J., Dimova, V., Parthum, A., Carbon, R., Griessinger, N., … & Lautenbacher, S. (2018). Prediction of persistent post‐operative pain: Pain‐specific psychological variables compared with acute post‐operative pain and general psychological variables. European Journal of Pain, 22(1), 191-202. Priebe, J. A., Kerkemeyer, L., Haas, K. K., Achtert, K., Moreno Sanchez, L. F., Stockert, P., … & Toelle, T. R. (2024). Medical app treatment of non-specific low back pain in the 12-month cluster-randomized controlled trial rise-uP: where clinical superiority meets cost savings. Journal of Pain Research, 2239-2255. Toelle, T. R., Utpadel-Fischler, D. A., Haas, K. K., & Priebe, J. A. (2019). App-based multidisciplinary back pain treatment versus combined physiotherapy plus online education: a randomized controlled trial. NPJ digital medicine, 2(1), 34.

Credits: Produced by: Imogen Hüsing, Clara Kühne, Sophie Kühne, Sönke Lülf, Elisa Palme and Leslie Wolk Logo by: Annika Richter Music by: Jan-Luca Schröder Write us an email to: [email protected] Contact us on Instagram: @kaleidoscience_pod

Credits: Produced by: Imogen Hüsing, Clara Kühne, Sophie Kühne, Sönke Lülf, Elisa Palme and Leslie Wolk Logo by: Annika Richter Music by: Jan-Luca Schröder Write us an email to: [email protected] Contact us on Instagram: @kaleidoscience_pod

And with this, our first season comes to an end.

In our last episode before our summer break, we're talking about one year of podcasting - and honestly: what a year it was!

We're taking some weeks of and will be back with new episodes in September.

Credits:

Produced by: Sophie Kühne and Alina Ohnesorge

Logo by: Annika Richter

Music by: Jan-Luca Schröder

References:

Jacobs, Kerrin, Achim Stephan, Asena Paskaleva & Wendy Wilutzky (2014). Existential and Atmospheric Feelings in Depressive Comportment. Philosophy, Psychiatry & Psychology 21(2), 89-110 (erschienen im März 2015).

Ratcliffe, M. 2008. Feelings of being. Phenomenology, psychiatry and the sense of reality. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Scherer, Klaus (2005). What are emotions? Social Science Information, 44, 695–729.

Slaby, J. (2016). Mind invasion: Situated affectivity and the corporate life hack. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 266. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg. 2016.00266

Stephan, Achim (2017). Moods in Layers. Philosophia 45, 1481-1495. doi: 10.1007/s11406-017-9841-0

Stephan, A., & Walter, S. (2020). Situated affectivity. In T. Szanto, & H. Landweer (Eds.), The routledge handbook of the phenomenology of emotion (pp. 299–311). Routledge.

Credits:

Produced by: Sophie Kühne and Alina Ohnesorge

Logo by: Annika Richter

Music by: Jan-Luca Schröder

Why do psychologists need statistics if they study the human mind?

Professor Michael Franke studied and taught at Osnabrück University and now teaches at the University of Tübingen. He explains how his scientific pathway led him to study language and formal logic to better understand underlying statistical ideas. He explains the importance of methods in the field of cognitive science and the large impact they have on our understanding of the world. Listen to this episode if you want to learn more about the relevance of statistics, why it actually is fascinating to do statistics and where we might need to change our minds when it comes to teaching basic knowledge in the university context.

Correction: “The ‘hard-headed cowboy … with a Stradivarius violin’ is NOT by Popper himself, but used by Peter Godfrey-Smith in his book ‘Theory & Reality’ as a description of Popper’s views.” Credits: Produced by: Sophie Kühne and Alina Ohnesorge Logo by: Annika Richter Music by: Jan-Luca Schröder

Did you know that your brain keeps sending signals to move your limbs even when your paralyzed? Mo Nipshagen is a PhD candidate at the Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour in Nijmegen. Together with their colleagues, they develop Brain-Computer-Interfaces to enable locked-in and paralyzed patients to interact with the world around them. Listen to this episode if you want to learn more about the future of paralysis treatment and how computers can interact with the human brain.

Resources: Berezutskaya, J., Saive, AL., Jerbi, K., Gerven, M.v. (2023). How Does Artificial Intelligence Contribute to iEEG Research?. In: Axmacher, N. (eds) Intracranial EEG. Studies in Neuroscience, Psychology and Behavioral Economics. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20910-9_47

Vansteensel, M.J., Pels, E.G., Bleichner, M.G., Branco, M.P., Denison, T.J., Freudenburg, Z.V., Gosselaar, P., Leinders, S., Ottens, T.H., van den Boom, M.A., van Rijen, P.C., Aarnoutse, E.J., & Ramsey, N.F. (2016). Fully Implanted Brain-Computer Interface in a Locked-In Patient with ALS. The New England journal of medicine, 375 21, 2060-2066. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1608085

Anumanchipalli, G.K., Chartier, J., & Chang, E.F. (2019). Speech synthesis from neural decoding of spoken sentences. Nature, 568, 493 – 498. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1119-1

Ottenhoff, M. C., Verwoert, M., Goulis, S., Colon, A. J., Wagner, L., Tousseyn, S., van Dijk, J. P., Kubben, P. L., & Herff, C. (2023). Decoding executed and imagined grasping movements from distributed non-motor brain areas using a Riemannian decoder. In Frontiers in Neuroscience (Vol. 17). Frontiers Media SA. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2023.1283491

https://www.intenseproject.eu

Credits: Produced by: Sophie Kühne and Alina Ohnesorge Logo by: Annika Richter Music by: Jan-Luca Schröder

In this episode we talk to Erik Nickel who wrote his masters thesis about attention in visual stimuli and how it’s measured with EEG (electroencephalography).We talk about what attention is, how attention can be measured and a few different theories and explanation attempts.

Mentioned papers:– Progress toward resolving the attentional capture debate, Steven J. Luck,Nicholas Gaspelin,Charles L. Folk,Roger W. Remington &Jan Theeuwes, https://doi.org/10.1080/13506285.2020.1848949– Inhibition in selective attention, Dirk van Moorselaar, Heleen A. Slagter, doi: [10.1111/nyas.14304] (https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fnyas.14304 )– Attention in Psychology, Neuroscience, and Machine Learning, Grace W. Lindsay, https://doi.org/10.3389/fncom.2020.00029

Credits:Produced by: Sophie Kühne and Alina OhnesorgeLogo by: Annika RichterMusic by: Jan-Luca Schröder

What does it mean for a system to be creative? Can humans and machines be creative together? How has the definition of machine creativity changed over the years? Philipp Wicke is an Assistant Professor at the Ludwig Maximilian Universität München and is asking exactly these questions in his research. Listen to this episode if you want to learn more about creative computers and how they have developed and further evolved over the past years!

References:

• Boden, Margaret A. “Creativity and artificial intelligence.” Artificial intelligence 103.1-2 (1998): 347-356.
• Ventura, Dan. “Mere generation: Essential barometer or dated concept.” Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Computational Creativity. Sony CSL, 2016.
• Gervás, Pablo. “Computational approaches to storytelling and creativity.” AI Magazine 30.3 (2009): 49-49.
• Veale, Tony. “Exploding the Creativity Myth: The Computational Foundations of Linguistic Creativity” Bloomsbury, 2012. ISBN 978-1-4411-8172-5.” (2017): 52-54.
• Varela, Francisco J., Evan Thompson, and Eleanor Rosch. The embodied mind, revised edition: Cognitive science and human experience. MIT press, 2017.
• Newen, Albert, Leon De Bruin, and Shaun Gallagher, eds. The Oxford handbook of 4E cognition. Oxford University Press, 2018.
• Di Paolo, Ezequiel A., Elena Clare Cuffari, and Hanne De Jaegher. Linguistic bodies: The continuity between life and language. MIT press, 2018.

Credits:

Produced by: Sophie Kühne and Alina Ohnesorge

Logo by: Annika Richter

Music by: Jan-Luca Schröder

We had the pleasure to talk to Ibrahim Muhip Tezcan about autism.

We discuss autistic traits, what neurodiversity and neurotypical means and neuronal differences in autistic people.

Muhib tells us more about problems people with autism might face in everyday life, quiet hours in the supermarket and some advantages.

Mentioned / Recommended literature:

Paper:

Pellicano, E., & Burr, D. (2012). When the world becomes ‘too real’: a Bayesian explanation of autistic perception. Trends in cognitive sciences, 16(10), 504-510.

Baron‐Cohen, S. (2017). Editorial Perspective: Neurodiversity–a revolutionary concept for autism and psychiatry. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 58(6), 744-747.

Farmer, G. D., Baron-Cohen, S., & Skylark, W. J. (2017). People with autism spectrum conditions make more consistent decisions. Psychological science, 28(8), 1067-1076.

Hu, Y., Pereira, A. M., Gao, X., Campos, B. M., Derrington, E., Corgnet, B., … & Dreher, J. C. (2021). Right temporoparietal junction underlies avoidance of moral transgression in autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Neuroscience, 41(8), 1699-1715.

Tezcan I. M. (2024). Autism Beyond Deficits: Embracing Neurodiversity in Research. https://cogsci-journal.uni-osnabrueck.de/psychology/autism-beyond-deficits-embracing-neurodiversity-in-research/

Books:

Silberman, S. (2017). Neurotribes: The legacy of autism and how to think smarter about people who think differently. Atlantic Books.

Grandin, T., & Panek, R. (2013). The autistic brain: Thinking across the spectrum. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.

Credits:

Produced by: Sophie Kühne and Alina Ohnesorge Logo by: Annika Richter Music by: Jan-Luca Schröder

If you are a victim of sexual digital violence and need help here are some rescources:

[ENG+] https://stopncii.org/

[ENG/GER] https://www.uni-jena.de/en/university/central-institutions/interessenvertretungen/equal-opportunities-office/information-about-equality/digital-violence-guide

[GER] https://annanackt.com/

What had Steve Jobs to do with the moderation of pornography? What are deepfakes?

Annemarie Witschas did her bachelor’s thesis in the field of ethics of AI by looking at pornography. She explains what deep fake pornography is and why it is such an immense problem, especially for woman*. This became particularly clear in a recent case, after the episode was recorded, where deep fake pornography of Taylor Swift was created and spread across the internet. So much, that X (formerly known as twitter) blocked all searches for “#taylorswift”. Listen to this episode if you want to learn more about deep fakes and their horrifying use in sexually assaultive contexts. *woman in this context meant as people who are in a body perceived as female

Scientific resources:

https://osnadocs.ub.uni-osnabrueck.de/bitstream/ds-202311069973/1/pics-2023-001-witschas-porn-power-and-platforms.pdf

Credits:

Produced by: Sophie Kühne and Alina Ohnesorge Logo by: Annika Richter Music by: Jan-Luca Schröder

What is green AI? And can AI even be green? Sustainable use of Artificial Intelligence – what sounds like a clear conflict, is actually a multifaceted problem. Cornelius studies Cognitive Science and works for the DFKI (German Research Facility for Artificial Intelligence). He explains what green AI is, how AI can be used for sustainability and why some AI’s consume more energy than others. He gives us more insight into the work of the DFKI and the important aspects that come with implementing AI for sustainability. Listen to this episode to learn more about what enterprises can do to improve their footprint using AI!

Credits:

Produced by: Sophie Kühne and Alina Ohnesorge Logo by: Annika Richter Music by: Jan-Luca Schröder

More information:

https://www.feelspace.de

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25038534/

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34770689/

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/346329375_The_impact_of_the_sensory_augmentation_device_feelSpace_belt_on_spatial_orientation_and_navigation_of_blind_people

Credits:

Produced by: Sophie Kühne and Alina Ohnesorge Logo by: Annika Richter Music by: Jan-Luca Schröder

Do you know someone who has Parkinson’s disease? It is often characterized by trembling hands, but actually has many more aspects. Elisa Percolla is a scientific researcher at the institute of Cognitive Science in Osnabrück. She wrote her master thesis on Parkinson’s disease and studied the brains of patients with EEG. During the interview Elisa describes her way into the field of cognitive science and how the broadness of the field can sometimes go hand in hand with a feeling of inaccuracy since you can never be equally good at each sub-discipline. She proceeds to explain that we should sometimes be a little more lenient with ourselves. Listen to this episode to learn how symptoms of Parkinson’s disease show, what underlying mechanisms are, and what the current state of research in treatment is!

Related literature:

Credits:

Produced by: Sophie Kühne and Alina Ohnesorge Logo by: Annika Richter Music by: Jan-Luca Schröder

Julia Hattendorf is studying Cognitive Science in Osnabrück. She found the topic for her bachelor thesis more or less by accident: While searching the internet, she stumbled across neuro-fuzzy systems. In this episode she talks about what that is and what one can do with it.

Mentioned/Recommended papers:

Zadeh, L. A. (1965). Fuzzy sets. Information and control, 8(3), 338-353.

Lee, S. C., & Lee, E. T. (1975). Fuzzy neural networks. Mathematical Biosciences, 23(1-2), 151-177.

Jang, J. S. (1993). ANFIS: adaptive-network-based fuzzy inference system. IEEE transactions on systems, man, and cybernetics, 23(3), 665-685.

Talpur, N., Abdulkadir, S. J., Alhussian, H., Hasan, M. H., Aziz, N., & Bamhdi, A. (2022). A comprehensive review of deep neuro-fuzzy system architectures and their optimization methods. Neural Computing and Applications, 1-39.

Credits:

Produced by: Sophie Kühne and Alina Ohnesorge Logo by: Annika Richter Music by: Jan-Luca Schröder

Do you remember what you’ve been dreaming last night? At least a tiny bit of it? Even if some people cannot remember, most of us dream several different dreams each night. Often, those dreams are connected to what has happened during our wake life. Some of us might frequently experience rather stressful dreams, which cause us to wake up shaking or ruffled. And for some, those nightmares can be something that tremendously impacts their daily life and might make them afraid of going to bed. Katharina Lüth is a PhD student at the institute of Cognitive Science and is researching Sleep & Dreams. She is in particular interested in nightmares and helping people to deal with bad dreams. Listen to this episode to learn why we dream in the first place, what lucid dreaming is and whether animals dream too!

Mentioned papers:

Appel, K., Füllhase, S., Kern, S., Kleinschmidt, A., Laukemper, A., Lüth, K., … & Vogelsang, L. (2020). Inducing signal-verified lucid dreams in 40% of untrained novice lucid dreamers within two nights in a sleep laboratory setting. Consciousness and Cognition, 83, 102960.

Gupta, A. S., Van Der Meer, M. A., Touretzky, D. S., & Redish, A. D. (2010). Hippocampal replay is not a simple function of experience. Neuron, 65(5), 695-705.

(German only:)

https://www.dgsm.de/fileadmin/dgsm/Arbeitsgruppen/traum/Alptraeume_Was_kann_ich_dagegen_tun.pdf

Credits:

Produced by: Sophie Kühne and Alina Ohnesorge Logo by: Annika Richter Music by: Jan-Luca Schröder

For this special episode we have no guest but the hosts become the guests and are interviewed by our producer Alina. We talk about what Cognitive Science is to us and why we are fascinated by it. Recommended resources: GODFREY-SMITH, Peter. Other minds: The octopus and the evolution of intelligent life. London: William Collins, 2016. BARRETT, Lisa Feldman. How emotions are made: The secret life of the brain. Pan Macmillan, 2017. HAWKINS, Jeff; BLAKESLEE, Sandra. On intelligence. Macmillan, 2004. SETH, Anil. Being you: A new science of consciousness. Penguin, 2021. https://www.youtube.com/Exurb1a

Credits:

Produced by: Sophie Kühne and Alina Ohnesorge Logo by: Annika Richter Music by: Jan-Luca Schröder